American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 18, | November, 2023 P a g e | 71 www.americanjournal.org SCIENTIFIC-HISTORICAL BASIS OF STUDYING THE CONCEPT OF SPIRITUAL-MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS Merzaev I. B. Senior Teacher Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan Akhmedov U. F. Student, Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan Muqimov O. E. Student, Tashkent State Transport University Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article analyzes the relationship of man to the world, historical importance, thinking, consciousness and views, the history of the development of spiritual and moral consciousness, views, different attitudes and approaches to the place of man in society. Society, history, process, spirituality, reality, Person, -morality, evolution, structure. Introduction There are definitions of the concept of "spiritual-moral consciousness" in the scientific literature, but there is no unanimity in understanding this concept. Its core is the concepts of "spirituality" and "ethics" and its signs are visible in practice. But it is the spiritual-ethical consciousness that has not been sufficiently explored in the research conducted on social philosophy. Even the concept of "spiritual- moral consciousness" does not exist in most dictionaries. For this reason, let's focus on the issue of "consciousness", which is closest to "spirituality" in philosophy. The relationship between them is so close that there cannot be consciousness without spirituality or spirituality without consciousness. But this does not mean that spirituality and consciousness are the same thing. Spirituality is a phenomenon related to consciousness. Consciousness expresses the generality of the essence, sensual and logical aspects of social and spiritual life, helps to know it. In this sense, philosophy appears as the foundation of culture. Philosophical thinking pays more attention to the fact that the uniqueness of consciousness comes from the properties of matter and the natural conditions of its creation. Consciousness as an awareness of existence, on the one hand, reflects the objective reality in the human brain and is objective in its essence, on the other hand, it reflects the subjective attitude of a person to the world, the evaluation of this or that event in reality by a person. Consciousness emerges as an expression of a person's active relationship to existence. Now we give a philosophical description of "consciousness". Consciousness is one of the philosophical categories that express intelligence. Consciousness is a set of spiritual, political, philosophical, religious and artistic views of a person. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 18 Nov., 2023 P a g e | 72 www.americanjournal.org Consciousness means mental reflection of existence, transformation of the objective content of reality into subjective content, as well as specific mechanisms and forms of understanding the world at its various stages and levels. It is in the subjective world specific to consciousness that reflection of objective reality and mental preparation for practical activity, planning, and development of goals and objectives are carried out. Consciousness is not a simple mental perception, but a higher form of mental reflection of reality by a socially developed person. It is such a function of the human brain that its essence reflects the external world in a correct, generalized, goal-oriented and creatively modified form. Consciousness is an emotional assessment of reality, ensuring purposeful activity. So, it can be seen from this opinion of the philosopher that consciousness is the ability to mentally understand the actions of a person and give an account of the events happening around him and at the same time in his spiritual world. Consciousness reflects reality in the brain and is a mental form of activity that directs change. It can be understood from this that consciousness is a phenomenon unique to humans, and through this function, the brain's reflection of reality is summarized with the help of language and speech, constructive and creative reality is manifested, the spirituality of a person, emotions, experiences, dreams and hopes, fantasies and dreams, the inner being of a person, creates and shapes the process of realizing his own inner world. The spirituality and moral consciousness of a spiritually-morally conscious person is fully mature and strives for perfection. He can judge the environment as well as his self-respect (conscience), because when he respects himself, he can treat others in the same way. That is why spiritual and moral consciousness is a complex socio-psychological and cultural phenomenon. Therefore, "Spirituality," writes A. Erkaev, adding to his opinion, "is the internal (mental) intellectual and fixed emotional (emotional) world of the nation, formed over centuries, the roots of which are inextricably linked with its historical experiences and social and cultural development." The study of the relationship between spirituality and consciousness does not leave the need to separately analyze the relationship of spirituality in society with a number of phenomena that are part of consciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the scope and content of the concept of "spiritual and moral consciousness". In the philosophy of materialism, consciousness is primarily understood as the opposite of matter. In this interpretation, all mental phenomena, intellectual, moral, religious, legal, philosophical phenomena, as well as the unconscious, which is an alternative to consciousness, are included in the composition of consciousness. Secondly, when talking about development in the philosophy of materialism, the material world is mainly meant. The development of consciousness refers only to the consciousness of a separate person, an individual. And social consciousness meant different views, currents, relations between them, but almost nothing was said about development. This is because materialism does not recognize the connection between material and spiritual phenomena. Moreover, when thinking about consciousness, it is taken as form and content is neglected. This is particularly evident in the analysis of social consciousness. Of course, the content of social consciousness has also been studied, but it has not been in the center of philosophical views. As can be seen from the various forms of spiritual and moral consciousness, the study of the relationship between consciousness and spirituality in harmony of form and content allows to determine the truth. Determining the place of spiritual and moral consciousness in the structure of spirituality and enlightenment is also an important aspect of it. Social consciousness is a set of feelings, ideas and views that reflect the spheres of society's life and represent the general level of spiritual life of society. It is American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 18 Nov., 2023 P a g e | 73 www.americanjournal.org manifested in the form of political and legal, moral, philosophical, religious, aesthetic views and experiences in society. civil society is a society of conscious individuals free from state influence and interference in social life, administrative pressures, and formed by free relationships of people, where there is ample opportunity for the direct realization of the creative potential and talent of young people. Therefore, young people are the most ambitious force in the formation of civil society. This power is directly related to the formation of the spiritual and moral consciousness of young people. The spiritual and moral consciousness of young people has a special place in the socio-spiritual life of the society, firstly, because it is related to their worldview; secondly, related to the spheres of social life; thirdly, from a methodological point of view, knowledge of the socio-spiritual life of the society affects the society through study. Therefore, it can be seen that young people have the ability to understand the essence of the conceptual idea "From national revival to national growth" and to practice it in real life. In addition, the development of young people into mature individuals with high spirituality is also reflected in the level of formation of spiritual and moral consciousness. References 1. Asamaddinov E. Ethical culture and its development features. Philosophy is a science. candidate dis... Autoref. ; Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, TashSU. - Tashkent, 1999. - 12 p. 2. Erkaev A. Spirituality is a symbol of the nation. - T.: Spirituality, 1999. - 28 p. 3. Ghulamov S. Spiritual development is a factor of national revival // Philosophy and law. - Tashkent, 2008. - Special issue. - 9 b.Nosirov Rashod, and Yuldashev Bakhtiyar Ergashevich. "Structural and functional approaches to the development of the social sector: Reform and prospects." European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine 8.1 (2021): 1388-1396. 4. Umarova, R. Sh. (2019). Bytie i filosofskie vzglyady Abu Raykhana Beruni. Dostigeniya nauki i obrazovaniya, (3 (44)), 32-33. 5. Umarova, R. Sh. (2019). Basic spiritual and moral education of youth and work Abu Raykhana Beruni. Problemy nauki, (4 (40)), 56-57. 6. Umarova, R. Sh. (2020). Natural philosophy Abu Raykhana Biruni. Vestnik science and education, (4-1 (82)), 35-37. 7. Umarova, R. S. (2019). Fundamentals of spiritual and moral education of youth in the works of Abu Rayhan Beruni. Problems of science, no. 4 (40). 8. Умарова Р. Натурфилософия Абу Райхана Бируни.// Вестник науки и образования.M.4-1 (82) 9. Умарова Р . Основы духовно-нравственного воспитания молодежи в трудахАбу Райхана Беруни//Проблемы науки, 2019. № 4 (40).С-56-57 10. Dadasheva, A. A. (2022). PUBLIC OPINION AND GOVERNMENT EVALUATION IN NEW UZBEKISTAN. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations Research, 4(01), 16-19. 11. Inagamova M.M. Cooperation of internal affairs bodies with civil society institutions in the protection of women's rights // Philosophy and law social-political, spiritual-educational, philosophical-legal journal. #1. -T.: 2020. -B. 64-68. https://scholar.google.ru/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=11877070975841426306&btnI=1&hl=ru https://scholar.google.ru/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=448186419725780428&btnI=1&hl=ru https://scholar.google.ru/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=448186419725780428&btnI=1&hl=ru American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 18 Nov., 2023 P a g e | 74 www.americanjournal.org 12. 13. Dadasheva A.A. Vzaimodeystvie organov predstavitetelnoy vlasti na mestax i samanuprulenii obshchestvennogo kontrolya. //Grajdanskoe obshchestvo. Civil society. Civil Society //. #2. 70- 75 -B; 2021 13. Akida Abduzhabbarovna Dadasheva. (2022). PUBLIC OPINION AND GOVERNMENT EVALUATION IN NEW UZBEKISTAN. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations Research, 4(01), 16–19 14. Merzaev I.B. Ahmad Ferghani's Historical legacy in his present day significance. Science promotion/Vol.2.No.2/October.69-73 pages 15. Merzaev I.B. The Life of Hakim TermiziuS and his doctrine. Science promotion/Vol.2.No.2/October.74-81p.