American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 19, | December, 2023 P a g e | 65 www.americanjournal.org SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF FAMILY RELATIONS Gaibova Nargiza Anorbaevna, Associate Professor (PhD) of the Department of "Religious Psychology and Pedagogy" of the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article scientifically analyses the socio-psychological model of family relations, typology, structure, forms of family, methods of upbringing, as well as issues of modern family problems. In addition to psychological literature, the article used pedagogical literature. Family, adolescent, sibling status, sibling relationship, conflict, eldest child, middle child, last child, only child, interpersonal relationships. Introduction The socio-psychological model of family relations reflects the typology of families, structure, forms, styles of upbringing, as well as the problems of the modern family. The family is a complex social entity. Researchers define it as a historically specific system of relationships between spouses, between parents and children, as a small group whose members are bound by marriage or kinship relations, community of life and mutual moral responsibility, as a social necessity that is conditioned by society's need for physical and spiritual reproduction of the population. Family relations are regulated by moral and legal norms. They are based on marriage, a legitimate recognition of the relationship between a man and a woman, accompanied by the birth of children and responsibility for the physical and moral health of family members. Important conditions for the family's existence are joint activity and a certain spatial localisation - dwelling, house, property as the economic basis of its life, as well as the general cultural environment within the common culture of a certain nation, confession, state. Thus, a family is a community of people based on a single family activity, bound by the ties of matrimony, parenthood and kinship (blood and spiritual), which reproduces the population and the continuity of family generations, as well as the socialisation of children and support for family members. Family forms are diverse and their typology depends on the subject of study. Monogamous and polygamous families are distinguished. A monogamous family consists of a married couple - husband and wife; a polygamous family is a marriage of one with several {polyandry - marriage of one woman with several men, polygyny - marriage of one man with several women). Kinship ties define simple, nuclear, and complex, extended family types. Typologising family structures, it should be noted that the most common in modern urbanised agglomerations (urbanisation [from Latin urbanus - urban] - concentration of material and spiritual life in cities; agglomeration [from Latin agglomerare - to join, accumulate] - accumulation) are nuclear families consisting of parents and children, i.e. two generations. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19 December, 2023 P a g e | 66 www.americanjournal.org An extended family unites two or more nuclear families with a common household and consists of three or more generations - progenitors, parents and children (grandchildren). Together with spouses in repeated families (based on remarriage) there can be children from this marriage and children of spouses from the previous marriage, brought by them to the new family. The most archaic type is the patriarchal (traditional) family. There are many children and different generations of relatives and kin living together; national and religious customs are strictly observed. In a patriarchal family, as a rule, the foundations of authoritarianism reign. Families with patriarchal features are preserved in rural areas and small towns. In recent decades, the number of small two-person families has been growing: single-parent, maternal, "empty nests" (spouses whose children have left the parental family). There is an increase in incomplete families resulting from divorce or death of one of the spouses. In a single-parent family, one of the spouses (more often the mother) brings up the children. The same structure is found in the maternal (extramarital) family, which differs from an incomplete family in that the mother is not married to the father of her child. Domestic statistics show an increase in the "extramarital" birth rate: every sixth child is born to an unmarried mother. Often she is only 15-16 years old, unable to support or bring up her child. Mature women (aged about 40 and above) have started to create maternal families, consciously choosing to "give birth for themselves". The following types of socio-axiological orientation of the family are distinguished: socially progressive (support of the values of society, unity of views, good interpersonal relations); contradictory (lack of unity of views, relationships at the level of struggle of some tendencies with others); anti-social (contradiction of value ideals to the ideals of society). A distinction is also made between capacity and activity of the family. The capacity of the family can be: limited (due to psychosomatic and age-related peculiarities its members are unable to earn their own livelihoods and fit into the system of social relations - pensioners, disabled people); temporarily restricted (psychosomatic, age-related characteristics only temporarily limit socio- economic autonomy; e.g., families experiencing some type of social disasters, including unemployment, families with children under working age, families of persons with disabilities); Unrestricted (family members have a full range of opportunities to fit into the social space and adapt to changing conditions that are not socially cataclysmic). Family activity characterises the orientation towards building up and actualising its resources, i.e. the degree of self-sufficiency and self-help. Three types of activity are distinguished: activity proper (self-orientation, high mobility, development of adaptive abilities); limited activity; passivity (dependency orientation, low mobility, underdeveloped adaptive abilities). Social and psychological support may be necessary for any family, although to varying degrees. Passive families are particularly in need of help. They have little potential of their own to resolve crisis situations. Families are differentiated according to the way they react to stressful, conflict situations and normative crises (related to certain stages of family functioning). This typology is based on the phenomenon of psychological health of the family - an integral indicator of its functioning, which reflects the qualitative side of socio-psychological processes of the family, the indicator of social activity of its members in intra-family relations, in the social environment and professional sphere, as American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19 December, 2023 P a g e | 67 www.americanjournal.org well as the state of mental psychological well-being of the family, which provides adequate regulation of behaviour and activity of all its members to life conditions. This indicator characterises two main types of families. Favourable families. Their problems, as a rule, are caused by internal contradictions and conflicts, which are connected with the changing conditions of life in society: 1) with excessive desire to protect each other, to help other family members ("indulgent, indulgent hyper-protection" and "excessive guardianship"); 2) with inadequacy of correlation between their own ideas about the family and those social requirements that are imposed on it at a given stage of social development (difficulties in perceiving the contradictions of modern society). Dysfunctional families (problem, conflict, crisis). Psychological problems arise due to the failure to meet the needs of one or more family members under the influence of overpowering intra-family and general social life factors. The main problem, as a rule, is the child's position in the family and the parents' attitude to him/her. In dysfunctional families, parents often manifest various psychogenic deviations: projection of their own undesirable qualities onto the child, cruelty and emotional rejection, underdeveloped parental feelings, etc. Dysfunctional families are divided into conflict, crisis and problem families (V.S.Torokhtiy, 1996). Conflict families. In the relationship between spouses and children, there are areas in which the interests, needs, intentions and desires of family members clash, creating strong and lasting negative emotional states. Marriage can be sustained over the long term through mutual concessions and compromises and other bonding factors. Crisis families. The confrontation of interests and needs of family members is particularly sharp and takes over important spheres of life of the family union. Family members take irreconcilable and even hostile positions towards each other, not agreeing to any concessions or compromise solutions. Crisis marriages break up or are on the verge of breaking up. Problem families. They are characterised by the emergence of particularly difficult situations that can lead to the breakdown of the marriage. For example, lack of housing, severe and prolonged illness of one of the spouses, lack of funds to support the family, conviction for a criminal offence for a long period of time and a number of other extraordinary life circumstances. In modern Russia, this is the most common category of families, for a certain part of which the prospects of aggravation of family relationships or the emergence of severe mental disorders among family members are likely. As an institutionalised entity, the family has a set of social functions and roles for the sake of which society creates, maintains and protects this social institution. An important characteristic of the family is its functional structure. Family functions are understood as directions of its activity, expressing the essence of the family, its social status and social role. There is no generally accepted classification of family functions, but there are interdependencies and complementarities between them. The main functions of the family include: reproductive - biological reproduction and preservation of offspring, continuation of the family; educational - spiritual reproduction of the population. The family forms the child's personality and exerts a systematic educational influence on each member throughout life; Household - maintaining the physical condition of the family, caring for the elderly; economic-material - support by some family members of others: minors, elderly, disabled; the function of organising leisure time - maintaining the family as an integral system; the content and forms of leisure time activities depend on the level of culture, national traditions, individual aptitudes American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19 December, 2023 P a g e | 68 www.americanjournal.org and interests, the age of family members and their income; the function of social control - responsibility of family members for the behaviour of its members in society, their activities; the orienting basis is formed by values and elements of culture recognised throughout society or in social groups. Each family forms its own way of life, its own microculture. In the context of socio-psychological analysis, the functions of the modern family are presented most fully by the Finnish educator J. Hamalainen. The family is the primary small social group, the closest environment of personality formation, the family influences the needs, social activity and psychological state of a person. The significance of the family is determined by the aspirations of each of its members. If a person relies on the norms, values and opinions of his family members, it acts as a reference (significant) group, with which he relates himself as a standard. The family in this case is the source of social attitudes and value orientations of the subject. Orienting on the reference group, a person evaluates himself, his actions, lifestyle and ideals. Thus, the family as a reference group has two main social functions - normative and comparative. We can distinguish several main features of the family as a small social group: the presence of integral psychological characteristics (public opinion, psychological climate, family interests, etc.), which are formed with the emergence and development of the family; the existence of the main parameters of the family (group) as a whole. A parameter in this case is an indicator characterising a certain property. A social group has the following parameters: composition and structure, group processes, group norms and sanctions. Composition is the set of characteristics of family members that are important in analysing the family as a whole. For example, the size of the family, its age or gender composition, the nationality or social status of its members. Any socio-psychological characterisation of a group usually begins with a description of the composition. Then the group can be studied in the social context of its environment. It can be argued that any addictive family contains a co-dependency structure. In a simplified form it looks as follows: if the father is addictive, the mother is co-dependent with the father. In this structure, the mother is unable to care for the children because she is entirely fixated on the father's problems. The children either become addicted or co-dependent with the father along with the mother. The most important task of socio-psychological work is to prevent child abandonment. It can be achieved if the following conditions are met: Supporting the family's civil rights to care for the child, for his/her physical, psychological and spiritual health; affirming the high value of parenthood and motherhood, and raising the prestige of fatherhood; development of a qualitatively new social model of personal preparation of young people for family life; formation of value orientations of an individual to family life; reviving the best Russian family traditions and customs, and affirming the spiritual value of the family in society; Organising pedagogical counselling for parents with practical assistance in family education and in overcoming conflicts between adults and children in the family; Promoting better family education; State support for talented children and adolescents; rehabilitation of orphans and adolescents with deviations; organising family leisure activities, especially in creating conditions for the physical development of American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19 December, 2023 P a g e | 69 www.americanjournal.org children in environmentally disadvantaged areas. The basic principles of the work of socio-psychological services with the family are conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular family, as well as by the specifics and status of the organisation or institution under which the service operates. The principle of congruence - correspondence of the goals, objectives and activities to the possibilities and needs of the family. Principle of confidentiality - correct use of information of social and psychological nature. Principle of competence - cooperation of psychologists, teachers and social workers on an interested and competent basis, scientifically grounded professional activity, reliance on the results of the latest socio-psychological research. The principle of activity - purposeful influence of the service on the whole complex of socio- psychological components of family life. The set of principles of the socio-psychological service regulates its activities and ensures full cooperation with other similar organisations. Social-psychological work in the field of strengthening and improving family relationships involves: Facilitating the family's adaptation to changing socio-economic conditions; improving its economic and social status; providing assistance in solving the problem of labour employment; Targeted support for low-income and socially vulnerable families; financial assistance to large families, disabled children, graduates of orphanages, etc.; Identifying families with medical and social disabilities and providing the necessary medical care; Assistance in the social rehabilitation and adaptation of families with physically or mentally handicapped persons; Development and implementation of activities related to environmental safety of the family; Social and legal protection of the family and social rehabilitation of children and adolescents with deviant behaviour; rehabilitation of children from social risk groups; Prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency; prevention of negative phenomena; diagnosing, analysing and forecasting integral socio-psychological characteristics of family development and its influence on the processes of education and upbringing of children (psychological climate, public opinion, sociometric structure, leadership); Promoting integration and coherence in the socio-psychological mode of operation of family members; assistance in implementing the main humanistic approaches to personal development and education in the family: age-based (taking into account age specifics), individual (taking into account individual specifics), differentiated (taking into account significant criteria of life activity), personal (relying on the manifestation of subjectivity and self-consciousness); Informing families about current socio-psychological problems through the work of lectures and the socio-psychological services of various organisations and institutions; Pedagogical and socio-psychological prevention of the emergence and development of deviant behaviour and personal destructiveness of family members; assistance in family leisure activities (organisation of festive events, contests, competitions, distribution of discounted tickets to the theatre and exhibitions), etc. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19 December, 2023 P a g e | 70 www.americanjournal.org LITERATURES 1. 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