American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 21, | February, 2024 P a g e | 116 www.americanjournal.org GEOGRAPHICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE EMERGENCE OF RELIGIONS Son of Karimov Nasibjon Ikromiddin, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and agrotechnologies Department of Humanities Tursunboev Alisher AQHAI Graduate A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S Religion is a maslak, a view doctrine that directly surrounds Nature, Society, man and his mind, purpose and destiny from living, expresses faith and faith in the divine power, which is beyond the environment, creates man, at the same time suddenly shows him the path of life "true", "true" and "righteous" and learns. The role of religion in the life of society as a spiritual and spiritual value is multifaceted in its function. Man is different from other creatures in his spiritual essence. To do this, humanity must look at the human principles of religious doctrine, which are the mainstay of spirituality. Religion has long been a holistic system of ideas and views, which, as a component of human spirituality, embodies the high ideals of humanity, dreams of truth and truth, dishonesty and justice, strengthening them in the form of stable rules. Religion will never lead mankind to a bad path. Religion reminds us that this world is fleeting, that the afterlife, that a person encourages his child to be vigilant, to walk away from dirty roads, to be good, to leave a good mark. Religion, Spirituality, classification of religions, animism, fetishism, totemism, shamanism, witchcraft. Introduction On the map of the world there is an existing country in which the peoples living have their own religion, customs and traditions. In the study of the history of the peoples of the world, it is impossible to ignore their religious views, beliefs and religious practices. Including, Article 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan guarantees freedom of conscience for everyone. Everyone has the right to believe in the desired religion or not to believe in any religion. It is not allowed to forcibly instill religious views, - it is prescribed. Religions are divided into different groups according to the number, scale of believers in it, the specificity of one's own particular nationality or people, or the non-choice of nationality. These groups cannot be absolutized regardless of how many they are numerically or how mature they are in theory. Because any classification cannot cover other facets, paying attention to a certain aspect. Currently, religion typology has the following classifications of religions: American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 117 www.americanjournal.org - according to the historical-geographical aspect; - according to the ethnic aspect; - according to the number of believers; - in terms of existence in the present era (living and dead religious systems) I. Historical-geographical classification. 1) Mediterranean basin religions: (a) Greek; b) Rome; c) Hellenistic. 2) Ancient Near and Middle Eastern religions: (A) Egypt; b) Sumerian; c) Akkad; d) West-somian; e) pre-Islamic Arab religions. 3) prophetic religions of the near and Middle East: (a) Zoroastrianism; b) Judaism; c) Christianity; d) Manichaeism; e) Islam. 4) Indian religions: (a) the religions of the Vedas; b) Hinduism; c) Indian Buddhism (Theravada, Mahayana; g) Jainism. 5) East and Southeast Asian religions: a) Buddhism of Sri Lanka, Tibet, Southeast Asia Basin; b) Chinese religions (schools of Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism); c) Korean and Japanese religions. 6) American Indian religions: a) Toltec and Aztec religions; (B) Incan religions; c) Mayan religions. II. Ethnic classification (a) seed - tribal religions are totemistic, animistic visions - based religions that worship a sorcerer, shaman, or tribal chieftain from their own seed. They are the nation has been absorbed into religions and world religions, and is now preserved in some tribes in Australia, South America and Africa; b) nation religions are religions that are specific to a particular nation and that are not accepted by people of other nationalities. They include Judaism( specific to the Jewish nation), Hinduism (specific to the Indians), Confucianism( specific to the Chinese nation), Shintoism (specific to the Japanese; American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 118 www.americanjournal.org c) world religions are the religions that are most prevalent in the world, from the nationality and race of people who can firmly believe in it. It includes Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. In addition religions are further divided into monotheistic - monotheistic (Judaism, Islam) and polytheistic - polygamous (Hinduism, Confucianism) according to the doctrine. Primitive beliefs, national religions, the formation and peculiarities of world religions. The religions of the primitive community are animism, totemism, fetishism, shamanism, magic. Animism. In Latin, anima means” Soul“,” Soul". Animism is the first form of religion to advance the doctrine of belief in the existence of spirits, the deification of the forces of nature, the presence of spirit, mind and natural power in animal, plant and inanimate objects. Animism was advanced as an early form of religious affiliation in 1871 by the English anthropologist Edward Taylor. It was formed at the same time as totemism. Animism knew that the powerful forces of nature – heaven and Earth, sun and Moon, rain and wind-were present in them, deified Thunder and lightning. Primitive people understood that mountains, rivers, Adirs, forests, trees, hearty stone ravines can also bring vitality, intuition and action, good and evil. Offerings were made and prayers were offered to their right. Some anthropologists claim that religious views existed even before animism, which they call “animatism”. Animatism consists in believing, on the one hand, that things have their own supernatural power, and on the other hand that spirits exist. According to this theory, “primitive man” may have brought to his imagination a single “force”that gives life, spread throughout one universe, before he knew other-other beings as individuals. It is also likely that such a concept was supported by the idea of “mana”. The word” Mana " is a word used to refer to an unnatural, visually invisible force, which was used to refer to a secret force believed to exist in objects (animals, plants, stones) or people (Tribal Chairman, magician, sage) that are strong according to primitive religious imagination, influential, or looked after by society. Primitive tribal members believed that they were surrounded by invisible forces with their eyes. This belief was named by different names in each tribe. A pupil of Taylor, R.First annotated in maretti's 1909 book “The genesis of religion”, this theory states that the search for the origin of religion from a general dynamic force whose identity does not exist, must be sought. Animism forms a major part of modern creeds. There is also a doctrine of spirits in world religions. Totemism. The word Totem is an Ojibwa language of North America meaning “its seed”. Its essence is the belief that” people have kinship ties to certain species of animal or plant". Seed groups knew that they were descended from an animal and a plant with common signs and totems. The connection between totems and people belongs to the distant past, which is confirmed by ancient legends. For example, the imagery in the Legends preserved among Aboriginal Australians is a clear example of this. Traditions, norms, which arose under the influence of totemism, were strictly applied for centuries. A taboo-prohibition, that is, a system of prohibiting the consumption of totems as feed, appeared. Only in some religious ceremonies, priests or tribal chiefs were allowed to eat the totem. The totemism seed community was considered the first of the social seed tribal communities and remained the historical basis of religious manifestations. The main tasks of totemism were to combine and regulate. Despite the fact that totemism belongs to the early period of religious forms, still remains of it in the traditions, beliefs of some peoples. For example, in India, a cow, in Australia, a kangaroo is glorified as a mythical animal of happiness. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 119 www.americanjournal.org Fetishism. The word Fetish refers to the French word for fetishe – but, sanam, amulet. It is the worship of inanimate objects in nature. Fetish has both negative and positive impact power. Fetishism was formed at the same time as the appearance of objects made of wood, clay and other materials. In idols, amulets, the communities saw the embodiment of divine power coming from the unnatural world. Fetishism remained the closing stage in the process of formation of the general complex of the initial religious impressions of primitive people. Perceptions of the world have improved over time, and have had a lasting impact on human life. Statues, figures, amulets, amulets, amulets and various symbols of all religions are still preserved in the present day. Shamanism (shamanism). Shamanism (the word”shaman “is related to the Tungusic-Manchurian verb” sa “ – to know,” saman " – to know). Shamanism arose as a result of animism, totemism and fetishism, through which individuals made imaginary connections with their totems, the spirits of their ancestors. More women have practiced shamanism in the past. Shamans were impenetrable, nervous people who were very confident that people had the ability to communicate with spirits, convey the hopes and intentions of the community, interpret their will. Shamans were bewitched by ritual acts – by vocalizing, chanting, dancing, jumping, punishing themselves under the voices of drums and bells, losing themselves, bringing the punishment to a high result. The SHaman would come to a state at the end of the ceremony to hear nothing and not see. Therefore, it was believed that his communication with the spirit world would come true in the same situation. It played a major role in the consolidation of people's thinking, consciousness, and played an important role in the formation of religious consciousness. Witchcraft (Magic). Witchcraft (magic) is a complex of ritual customs performed for the purpose of influencing man, animal and nature in an unnatural way. Special people-shamans, spell –makers-were involved in the tradition of witchcraft. Witchcraft rituals could be performed alone or in community. According to the purpose of witchcraft, it is divided into: 1) performed "in good faith" – " white witchcraft "(”belaya magiya") 2) performed "in evil intent" – " black magic "(”chyornaya magiya"); 3) Military witchcraft(enchantment of armor); 4) Love Magic (making” hot“,” cold") 5) Medical witchcraft (for the purpose of treatment) 6) weather magic (rain calling) Witchcraft has survived in modern religions and in the customs of various peoples. Religion is a sense of belief. This feeling is one of the most thoughtful and beautiful spiritual-spiritual needs of mankind. There is no religion in the world, No people without faith. The people cannot live without religion, without faith, without trust. Because, all views in religions are guided by goodness. The same aspect, which embodies universal values, forms the educational essence of religion and serves to exalt the human personality. 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