American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 21, | February, 2024 P a g e | 127 www.americanjournal.org THE COMPARISON OF LOVE IN «FARHOD AND SHIRIN» AS WELL AS «ROMEO AND JULIETA» Aslonova Rushana Akobirovna Student of English and Literature department Bukhara State University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article compares the expression of love in two masterpieces of English and Uzbek literature «Farhod and Shirin» by great poet and writer Alisher Navoi as well as «Romeo and Juliette» by outstanding playwright, one of the founders of English literature William Shakespeare. The role of love and its expression is used differently in literature of these two rich nations. Epic poem, Persian legend, playwright, platonic love, physical attachment, spiritual attachment. Introduction Alisher Navoi (1441-1501) was a great Uzbek poet, writer and thinker. He is considered one of the most significant literary figures in the history of Uzbekistan and oriental literature in general. Navoi wrote many works in Persian, including poems, short stories, epic poems and treatises. His works are distinguished by deep philosophical and ethical thoughts, as well as vivid artistic expression. Alisher Navoi is considered a national hero of Uzbekistan and his work had a significant influence on the development of Uzbek literature and culture. «Farhod and Shirin» is an epic poem written by Alisher Navoi. It is one of the most famous and popular works in Uzbek literature and Eastern literature in general. The poem “Farhod and Shirin” is based on the Persian legend about the love of two young people, Farhod and Shirin. The story follows the obstacles that come their way to happiness, including separation, betrayal and tragic fate. Navoi recreates this story with the help of beautiful language, emotional depth and artistic expressiveness. «Farkhod and Shirin» is not only a romantic poem, but also a philosophical work that raises questions about love, fate, human passions and morality. It personifies the high ideals and beauty of Uzbek literature. This poem by Alisher Navoi has great significance and influence on the culture and literature of Uzbekistan, as well as on all Eastern literature. She continues to inspire and delight readers with her unique story and Navoi's linguistic prowess. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is widely regarded as one of the greatest playwrights and poets in the English language and one of the most influential figures in world literature. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, and wrote a total of 39 plays, including tragedies like «Hamlet,» «Macbeth,» and «Romeo and Juliet,» comedies such as «A Midsummer Night's Dream» and «Twelfth Night,» as well as historical plays like «Henry V» and «Richard III.»Shakespeare's works explore a wide range of themes, from love, jealousy, and ambition to power, fate, and human nature. His plays are known for their complex characters, vivid language, and profound insights into the human American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 128 www.americanjournal.org condition. Shakespeare's poetry, including his sonnets, is also highly esteemed for its beauty and depth. Shakespeare's impact on literature and theater cannot be overstated. His plays continue to be performed and studied worldwide, and his words have become part of the English literary canon. Shakespeare's works have been translated into numerous languages and have inspired countless adaptations, films, and artistic interpretations. His legacy as a master storyteller and wordsmith remains unparalleled. Romeo and Juliet is a famous tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the late 16th century. It is one of the most famous and influential works in world literature.The drama tells the story of two young lovers, Romeo and Juliet, whose love is confronted by two warring families – the Montagues and the Capulets. Against the odds, Romeo and Juliet decide to fight for their love, but their passionate and forbidden affair leads to a series of tragic events. Romeo and Juliet is an in-depth examination of the themes of love, fate, family conflict and violence. Shakespeare explores the complexities of human emotion, the clash of various social forces, and the inevitability of fate. This tragedy is renowned for its colorful characters, emotional power, and insight. She had a profound influence on literature, theater and culture in general. Romeo and Juliet continues to delight readers and viewers with its eternal theme of love and enduring feelings that overcome obstacles and fate. This article studies and contrasts how these two great writers descripts and exprsses the love of their heroes. 2 Literature Review The usage of love in Romeo Juliette and Farhod Shirin has been learnt by several other Uzbek and English literary scientists as well. But it should be emphasised that there is really few works and articles contrasting the love of the heroes. According to the Clayton G MacKenzie In creating ideas of intercourse and death, Romeo and Juliet draws from a wealthy well of iconic and emblematic tradition. 1 Sexuality and dying have been linked in artwork and literature considering historical times. Winged Eros decorates the lids of Roman sarcophagi; and Homer’s Iliad, possibly the supreme narrative success of antiquity, plaids the destruction of a civilisation with a sexual tryst, deftly interlacing the carnivorous passion of Troy’s struggle and the carnal appetites of its origins. 2 In Shakespeare’s age, and in the periods right now before and after it, the bonds between intercourse and morbidity have been affirmed with renewed vigour. Bobomurod Eraliev writes AlisherNavoi in his work «Mahbubul-qulub» interprets love in three ways. It is easy to see from the art and content material of the epic «Layli and Majnun» that this work is devoted to the description and interpretation of figurative love. Navoi scholars have interpreted this work in a narrow sense, that is, in connection with frequent love, based extra on its appearance. The article mentions some shortcomings in Navoi studies in explaining the kinds of love based totally on Navoi's definition of love, and argues that the work should pay attention to the mystical meaning and aspects of love. 3 Analysis While exploring the world of Romeo and Juliette as well as reading Farkhod and Shirin it can be clearly seen that the role of love is great and dominant Although the affection gifted by the Creator of whole universe and mankind between two members of opposite gender gives the same sense and heartbeat as well as butterflies in all over the world, the both genius authors Alisher Navoi and Shakespeare describe the most beautiful and enchanting feeling called «Love» in different way while creating various barriers American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 129 www.americanjournal.org and interferences in the process of achieving it. The legendary representatives of the two nations see this chamestry as a tool to express their own opinions and perspectives. That is why the passion of Romeo for Juliette and the love of Farkhod to Shirin were distinct from each other in the masterpiece of English and Uzbek literature. The first difference of their love was in their age. NURSE Faith, I can tell her age unto an hour. LADY CAPULET She’s not fourteen. NURSE I’ll lay fourteen of my teeth (and yet, to my teen Be it spoken, I have but four) she’s not fourteen. How long is it now to Lammastide? LADY CAPULET A fortnight and odd days. NURSE Even or odd, of all days in the year, Come Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen. Susan and she (God rest all Christian souls!) Were of an age. Well, Susan is with God; She was too good for me. But, as I said, On Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen. This extract proves that when Romeo and Juliet fell in love Juliet was fourteen years old. But, unfortunately, there is no exact word informing the age of Romeo except the lines highlighting his youth. And, to say truth, Verona brags of him To be a virtuous and well-governed youth. I would not for the wealth of all this town Here in my house do him disparagement. However, in Farkhod and Shirin it is clearly seen that the heroes were mature enough when they felt intoxicating feeling. И, значит, размышления людей — Такой же ключ к творениям людей. А так как я во все науки вник, То трудностей пугаться не привык. Но если суть ларца я не пойму, То нет покоя сердцу моему!..» From the words given in this extract can be understood Farkhod was as old as that he had learnt all the sciences in the world and he was not afraid of staying against the difficulties. The another difference is that love of Romeo and Juliette was based on physical attachment mostly, while the Farkhod's love was more platonic one. The scene describing the episode of sweethearts' falling in love can prove this view point. Juliet Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. Romeo Then move not, while my prayer’s effect I take. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 130 www.americanjournal.org Thus from my lips, by thine, my sin is purged. Kisses her. Juliet Then have my lips the sin that they have took. Romeo Sin from my lips? O, trespass sweetly urged! Give me my sin again. Kisses her again. Juliet You kiss by th’book. However, Farkhod's love for Shirin was more about mental and spiritual attachment. It can be understood in the scene when Farkhod saw Shirin in the magical mirror of Iskandar and without any physical passion fell in love with her and lost consciousness. Был облик пери лучезарно-юн, Она казалась солнцем между лун. Куда б ни обращала взор с седла, Сжигала вмиг сердца людей дотла… Глядит Фархад и видит, что она В ту сторону пустила скакуна, Где был он сам, печальный и худой, Изображен в работе над плитой. Когда же, перед ним остановясь, Она его окликнула, смеясь, И всадницы лучистоокой взгляд Почувствовал каменотес Фархад, — Его черты покрыла смерти тень, И он упал, как раненый олень… Увидя, как упал его двойник, Едва пред ним блеснул той пери лик, Получше разглядеть решил Фархад Красавицу, чей смертоносен взгляд. Поднес он ближе зеркало к глазам, Взглянул — и простонал, и обмер сам, И на пол так же, как его двойник, Бесчувственно упал он в тот же миг. Another contrast associated with expression of their love by two great authors is the speed of events and the process of sweethearts' achieving one another. Shakespeare decides to speed up the occasions and make the marriage of Romeo and Juliette in the next day of their first meeting. JULIET Here’s such a coil. Come, what says Romeo? NURSE Have you got leave to go to shrift today? JULIET I have. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 131 www.americanjournal.org NURSE Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrence’ cell. There stays a husband to make you a wife. Now comes the wanton blood up in your cheeks; They’ll be in scarlet straight at any news. Hie you to church. I must another way, To fetch a ladder by the which your love Must climb a bird’s nest soon when it is dark. I am the drudge and toil in your delight, But you shall bear the burden soon at night. Go. I’ll to dinner. Hie you to the cell. JULIET Hie to high fortune! Honest nurse, farewell. But Alisher Navoi does not accelerate the chain of events and has Farkhod overcome many difficulties and tests to reach his love. От саламандры — в капище огня, Скажу ясней: Фархаду — от меня: Тебе, чья крепость горя — горный кряж, Я, крепости тоски бессменный страж, Пишу в слезах, измучена судьбой… О милый мой страдалец, что с тобой? Придавленный горой тоски по мне, Как ты живешь в той дикой стороне? Тростинку тела твоего, боюсь, Не изломал бы горя тяжкий груз. В пучине бед, наверно, тонешь ты? В костре разлуки как там стонешь ты? Как корчишься на том огне тоски, These words are written in the letter of Shirin to Farkhod they were far away from each other and the response of Farkhod to Shirin also informs the readers how difficult it was to live for the couple to kiss and experience the blissful sense of love. Из преисподней ада в вышний рай Письмо Фархада, пери, прочитай! • * * Клянусь душой загубленной своей: Тебя назвать возлюбленной своей, Сердечным словом милая — и то Назвать я не осмелюсь ни за что! Да, я прослыл безумцем. Признаюсь, С безумьем прочен у любви союз. Но пери луноликая сама Свела меня, несчастного, с ума. И если б я, помешанный, в бреду American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 132 www.americanjournal.org Сказал такое слово на беду, То, да простится заблужденье мне, — Есть, как безумцу, снисхожденье мне. Да, я Меджнун, а ты моя Лейли, Моя недостижимая Лейли. Even Farkhod suffered a lot and described Shirin with words «My unachievable Leyli». Although they loved each other so much, the cruel Fate did not allow them to get married and to share the legendary love with one another. 4 Discussion According to analysis it can be seen that although the love of both couples is outstanding over the world, their love is not the same in many aspects. The contrast of love in «Romeo and Juliet» and «Farhod and Shirin» is evident in several aspects, including the nature of love, the societal context, and the ultimate outcome for the lovers. In «Romeo and Juliet,» love is portrayed as intense, passionate, and all-consuming. Romeo and Juliet's love is characterized by their youthful impulsiveness and their willingness to defy their families and societal norms to be together. Their love is seen as a force that transcends everything else in their lives, leading them to make rash decisions and ultimately resulting in their tragic deaths. The play emphasizes the power of love to overcome obstacles but also highlights its destructive potential. On the other hand, love in «Farhod and Shirin» is depicted as more restrained and mature. Set in ancient Persia, the story follows Farhod, a poor musician, and Shirin, a princess. Their love develops gradually as they get to know each other and share their feelings through poetry and music. Unlike Romeo and Juliet, Farhod and Shirin's love is not driven by impulsive passion but by a deep connection based on shared values and mutual understanding. Their love is portrayed as pure and selfless, with both characters willing to sacrifice their own happiness for the sake of the other. The societal context also plays a significant role in contrasting the two stories. In «Romeo and Juliet,» the lovers are hindered by the long-standing feud between their families, which creates a hostile environment for their relationship. The play explores the theme of societal expectations and the constraints they impose on individuals. In contrast, «Farhod and Shirin» takes place in a different cultural context where social class and status are the main barriers to love. While Farhod is a poor musician, Shirin is a princess, making their union seemingly impossible due to societal norms. However, their love is ultimately able to overcome these obstacles, highlighting the power of true love to transcend societal boundaries. Finally, the ultimate outcome for the lovers also differs in the two stories. In «Romeo and Juliet,» the tragic ending emphasizes the destructive consequences of their impulsive love. Their families' feud and their own hasty decisions lead to their untimely deaths, leaving a message of the devastating effects of unchecked passion. On the other hand, «Farhod and Shirin» has a more hopeful ending. Despite the challenges they face, Farhod and Shirin are able to find happiness together, suggesting that true love can triumph over adversity. 5 Conclusion In conclusion, the contrast of love in «Romeo and Juliet» and «Farhod and Shirin» is evident in the nature of love, the societal context, and the ultimate outcome for the lovers. While «Romeo and Juliet» American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 133 www.americanjournal.org portrays love as intense and impulsive, leading to tragedy, «Farhod and Shirin» presents a more restrained and mature love that overcomes societal barriers and leads to a hopeful ending. In this article we have revised the two brilliant pieces of writing emphasising the power of love and tragic ending of the poor heroes. 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