American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 21, | February, 2024 P a g e | 134 www.americanjournal.org SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN R.А.Nosirov , Tashkent State Transport University, Professor of the Department of "Public International Law" A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article analyzes effective reforms in the social sphere in Uzbekistan, the issue of social protection of the population during the transition to a market economy, the main goal of all the reforms being carried out in the country, and today's issues of labor protection. Social sphere, reforms, independence, market economy, population, social protection, country. Introduction Today, in order to implement effective reforms in the social sphere, a number of presidential decisions have been adopted in Uzbekistan, "We will sacrifice you, Uzbekistan!" is being applied to the social sphere on the basis of organizational-practical, spiritual-educational activities and programs of promotion-campaign work, which embody the main idea. Therefore, the real goal of all the reforms carried out in the country is to create decent living conditions for people. That is why an important part of the "Uzbek model", which is the basis for the renewal and development of Uzbekistan, is the strong social protection of the population. The government of Uzbekistan has taken necessary measures for the social protection of the population during the transition period based on the principles of the "Uzbek model". These measures played an important role in preventing a sharp decline in people's living standards and became a factor in maintaining peace and stability in the republic. At the initial stage of social protection of the population (1991 - 1995), it was necessary to prevent a sharp decrease in the consumption of basic food products and non-food goods, the emergence of mass unemployment, a sharp drop in the standard of living of the population, social spheres, that is, health care, education , it was possible to ensure the continuous operation of science and culture networks. It was resolved by maintaining guarantees in the field of employment, by maintaining a liberal policy in support of employment and formation of the population's income. Providing employment to the population and supporting entrepreneurship has risen to the level of state policy. During this period, the government implemented the following measures, in particular: first, the policy of releasing workers from unprofitable industries and preventing gross unemployment; secondly, the privatization of housing, allotment of plots to rural residents, development of private entrepreneurship and formation of new sources of population income growth; thirdly, government indexation of salary. Implementation of the support system by providing compensations, benefits, subsidies and consumer subsidies; fourth, to ensure the personal security of people, to strengthen the prevention of the increased risk of crime, drug business, terrorism and corruption. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 135 www.americanjournal.org In order to prevent a sharp increase in unemployment, to establish a multi-sectoral system of labor exchanges (in the first years of independence, 240 labor exchanges were established in all cities and districts of the republic), a mechanism for registering citizens in need of work, retraining and improving the skills of the population, establishing a social work institute and organizational-economic methods such as the payment of unemployment benefits were widely used. In addition, regional employment programs were developed and implemented. Taking into account the socio-economic, national and demographic characteristics of the state, the foundation was laid for the protection of consumer markets and the state's consumer safety. In order to prevent a sharp decrease in basic food and consumer goods, a standardized system of limited products was developed. Also, as a protective measure, the system of providing subsidies to consumers and various forms of protection against the departure of the country from the main food products in the consumer market were widely used. In order to protect the purchasing power of the population in the conditions of price liberalization, these measures became very important. This policy helped to implement the main goals and tasks in the social sphere in the most difficult - initial periods of the transition period. During this period, the legal foundations of social support and protection of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan were created. Basic Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan - Constitution, "On the Basics of State Policy Regarding Youth in the Republic of Uzbekistan", "On Employment of the Population", "On Citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan", "On Education", "On Labor Protection", "State House "On Privatization of Land Fund", "On State Pension of Citizens", a number of socially important laws were adopted. Thus, as a result of the measures implemented in the first stage of social protection of the population, gross unemployment and a sharp decrease in the standard of living of the population were prevented, and the government made it possible to establish highly efficient market- type farms by allocating private plots to the rural population. In the second stage of social protection of the population (1996-2003), providing employment, increasing the income of the population, increasing the potential of human capital became the priority directions of social policy. The number of wage indexation has decreased sharply due to the increase in prices. Indexation began to be used only in the field of budget organizations. Consumer subsidies were reserved only for certain types of utility services. Income level pensions and stipends, permanent increase of monthly salaries of budget sector employees (minimum wage from 250 soums (1996) to 6500 soums (2004), i.e. increased 24 times), targeted social assistance to low-income families and families with children, unemployed financial assistance was administered through a mechanism that included elements such as taxing individuals' incomes at progressively increasing rates. At this stage, promising regional programs aimed at providing employment to the able-bodied population, creating new jobs, and expanding the types of activities in rural areas were adopted. This mechanism of providing employment to the population provided a tactical task in the field of employment - reducing the rate of unemployment. In order to improve the living standards of the villagers, the program of providing the villagers with drinking water and natural gas was developed and implemented. During this period, annual state programs were implemented in order to further support the strata of the population in need of social protection. Among these, state programs such as "Year of Human Interests", "Year of the Family", "Year of Women", "Year of a Healthy Generation", "Year of Mother and Child", "Year of Valuing the Elderly", "Year of Prosperous Neighborhood" are special in the strengthening of social policy. took place. Since 1997, the system of social programs has been implemented in all sectors of the social sphere. In the field of education, it was a national training program that resulted in the construction and capital renovation of American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 136 www.americanjournal.org schools, academic lyceums, and vocational colleges. Educational buildings are provided with modern equipment, educational tools, computer classes. New national educational standards, textbooks were developed and implemented. For the implementation of these activities, almost half of the part of the state budget devoted to the social sphere was spent every year. Health Care Reform The state program has had great social significance, based on this program, the medical service system has been revised, the primary link of health care in rural areas has been reformed, and the maternal and child protection system has been improved. In a certain sense, the work carried out so far was summarized in the Presidential Decree "On measures for the future implementation of the strategy of actions in the five priority directions of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021". In particular, the most important works in the social sphere have also been reflected. It is noted that "only in the first half of this year, 2.7 thousand kilometers of highways were built and repaired, 84 thousand 300 jobs were created. In 2017-2020, the program for the construction and reconstruction of energy-efficient low-cost multi-apartment buildings was implemented in cities, within the framework of which 1,136 multi-story buildings with 50,286 apartments were built, in addition, 75,000 residences were built in rural areas based on a model project. In order to imagine the extent of attention to the social sphere, it is necessary to count the important legal documents adopted in this regard this year. As you can see, the action strategy clearly defines what needs to be done to develop the social sector. In particular, a lot of work has been done to improve the social protection and health care system of the population. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further improve emergency medical care" (16.03.2017), "On measures to further improve the management of the housing and communal services system" (18.04.2017), "At the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan On the establishment of the State Inspectorate to control the use of drinking water" (18.04.2017), "On the improvement of the state management system in the field of ecology and environmental protection" (21.04.2017), "Measures to fundamentally improve the management system of the state veterinary service on events" (01.06) and other Decrees were adopted. Also, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures for the further development of the private sector in the field of health care" (04.01.2017), "On encouraging participants of the Second World War" (04.04.2017), "Preparation and holding of the Day of Remembrance and Appreciation" on measures" (04.04.2017), "On measures to further develop oncology services in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 and improve oncology care to the population" (04.04.2017), "Drinking water supply and "On the Program for Comprehensive Development and Modernization of Sewage Systems" (20.04.2017), "On the Program for the Development of the Heat Supply System in 2018-2022" (20.04.2017), "Maintenance of the Multi- apartment Housing Fund in 2017-2021 and on measures to further improve the use system" (04.24.2017), "On measures to regulate the control and accounting of the rational use of underground water reserves in 2017-2021" (05.04.2017), "To the residents of Tashkent On measures to further improve the management system of providing primary medical and sanitary care and to increase the professional responsibility of managers and specialists for its effectiveness" (06.06.2017), "On measures to further develop the provision of specialized medical care to the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 ” (20.06.2017), “On additional measures to improve the system of providing the population with medicines and medical supplies” (17.07.2017) and other Resolutions “On measures to further improve the system of state support for the disabled" (08/01/2017) The order was issued. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 21 February, 2024 P a g e | 137 www.americanjournal.org Conclusion It is true that today we have our shortcomings, but as a result of the measures taken to ensure the social protection of the population, the income of the main part of the population and the growth of the share of the middle class have been achieved, the national model of education has been developed, the coverage of general, secondary and secondary vocational education has expanded. the national model of health care was formed, demographic characteristics and health of the population improved. References: 1. Shavkat Mirziyoev. We will resolutely continue our path of national development and raise it to a new level. Volume 1, T., "Uzbekistan", 2018 2. Shavkat Mirziyoev. The approval of our people is the highest evaluation given to our activities. Volume 2, T., "Uzbekistan, 2018. 3. 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