American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 22, | March - 2024 P a g e | 170 www.americanjournal.org THE LEADING BRANCHES OF KARSHI CITY ENTERPRISES, DURING THE PERIOD OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE Karimov Bahrom Karshi state university, Karshi, Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S Kashkadarya oasis in the economic life of the Bukhara emirate was distinguished by its specialization in agriculture, handicrafts and animal husbandry. Each district in the Kashkadarya oasis contributed its share to various sectors of the economy based on its natural climate and geographical conditions. Areas of the oasis suitable for artificial irrigation - mainly Shahrisabz, Kitab and Karshi, and partially Yakkabag beklik’s are settlements engaged in sedentary farming and the grain, fruit and vegetable products grown in these areas were of great importance for the economy of the emirate. Introduction In addition to the urban population, a part of the rural population, who had no land and water, and no livestock, were engaged in handicrafts. Such a living condition is not only a necessity, it is based on the centuries-old traditions of the Kashkadarya oasis. In particular, pottery developed in Kasbi, while blacksmithing, weaving, and dyeing developed in Gilan, Koson, Guzor. In the economic life of the Emirate of Bukhara, every settlement in the Kashkadarya oasis had its place to one degree or another, and among them, Karshi was especially important in trade and economic relations with the city of Karshi. Because this potential city was located at the crossroads of major caravan routes. The fact that the caravan routes connecting Bukhara with the big cities of China, Ettisuv and Central Asia with Iran and trade cities in Afghanistan and India passed through Karshi in recent centuries made the city a trade center. By the beginning of the 19th century, the number of markets, shops, mosques and other public buildings gradually increased due to the increase in the population of Karshi and the expansion of the city, a new city appeared. In this outer city-fortress, mainly craftsmen settled. Gradually, a new city with its markets and shops will appear around the fortress, and the fortress will be called the «old city». The city of Karshi, which is one of the largest economic centers in the emirate in terms of its territory and population, has been a leader in a number of other fields, such as grain growing, tobacco cultivation, and tanning. At that time, there were many shops selling gazmol in Karshi bazaars, where cotton was the main raw material for local fabrics. More fota and olacha were produced in Zogza. The popularity of this fabric spread to Hisar, Boysun, and Sariosia, and the merchants spent the night in the village of Zogza Khoja and loaded the ordered cloths on camels. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 22 March - 2024 P a g e | 171 www.americanjournal.org The residents of Makhsumovot Guzari were engaged in the production of silkworms, silkworm breeding, and silk thread production. In particular, spun yarn and various types of carpets were produced by pastoralists in the deserts around Karshi (Kamashi and Chirakchi). These textile products were popular not only in the markets of Karshi, but also in the markets of Samarkand, Bukhara, Boysun, Shahrisabz, Hisar and neighboring countries. In Karshi bazaars, there are separate stalls for carpets and stalls for wholesale trade. Blacksmithing, blacksmithing (carpentry), blacksmithing, coppersmithing, pottery, confectionary, and oil products have also developed in Karshi. Karshi potters were skilled in making «very thin vessels of various shapes». The confectioners of Karshi were no less than the confectioners of Bukhara and Samarkand. F. Beneveni (18th century) wrote that near Qarshi, the inhabitants collected «manna», similar to sugar, and used it as sugar in the preparation of sweets. Residents engaged in the above-mentioned specific types of crafts lived in the guzar named after that type of craft. For example, in Karshi, you can find such guzars as Temirchiya, Kulolguzar, Harrotlik, Halvogar, and Chilangar. The foreign author Yu. Skyler points out that trade dominates the economy of the Kashkadarya oasis, citing the following information: «Karshi also does not benefit from it, despite being located on the trade route between India, Afghanistan and Bukhara. Products are taken directly to Bukhara and then sent to Karshi. Therefore, the price of tea and Indian goods is more expensive than in Bukhara. Again, Karshi was considered the main market for Turkmen goods, especially quality carpets. Many of them were sent to Bukhara, sold and made a big profit. By the end of the Middle Ages, growing tobacco in the Emirate of Bukhara became a source of income. Especially, Karshi was also famous for growing tobacco at the beginning of the second quarter of the 19th century. P.I. Demezon notes that the tobacco of Karshi is of excellent quality. The crisis in the country's economic life in the 18th century had a negative impact on the development of craft centers. The crisis of central cities has led to the improvement of the socio-economic life of secondary cities. The city of Karshi is one of those cities. Here there were favorable conditions for the peaceful work of artisans who came from the troubled central cities in search of safety. Because Karshi was considered the political stronghold of the Bukhara emirs in the fight against the rebel forces. For this reason, Karshi always visited the English tourist A. According to Burns, the city and its busy markets were not inferior to Samarkand and Balkh in terms of size. References: 1. 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