American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 23, | April - 2024 P a g e | 92 www.americanjournal.org ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOVIET PERIOD’S LIBRARY WORK DECISIONS IN SAMARKAND REGION Jiyanbekova Sharofat Abdikaxarovna PhD Student of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The history of librarianship and library work is one of the topical issues in every era. Reading books is very necessary in the education of educated and potential young people in society and in the spiritual life of nations. Today, the development of fields in all countries of the world is achieved by creating scientific works, increasing the number of books and publications, adapting libraries to the requirements of the 21st century, and continuing practical research. Library work, librarianship, history of Uzbekistan, former Soviet Union, decisions. Introduction Samarkand is one of the major cities not only of Central Asia, but also of the entire East. It is located in the center of a huge cultural center between the largest rivers of Central Asia, Okuz and Yaksart – Amudarya and Syrdarya – on the banks of Zarafshan, the so-called “dragon-throwing river” and on the road connecting the most important trade networks of Eurasia . This area is between of two Azim rivers flowing through Central Asia it is of great interest due to its location and its importance in illuminating the stages of the rise of the people of Uzbekistan [1]. Historians, geographers, tourists, merchants and - missionaries of religion at that time called Samarkand the “The Polish of the Earth”, “The Rome of the East”, “The Paradise of the East”, “The famous Bazaar of Sughd”, “The precious jewel of the Muslim world”, “The bright Spot of the Earth” such impressive charm and, names expressed in the language, praised by contemporaries who visited the city in different periods. The admirable appearance of the city has been preserved until now [1:4]. The first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov described Samarkand as follows: “When we say "Samarkand”, we bring to mind the ancient place that was the cradle of science and education, culture and spirituality” [1:5]. MAIN PART The bourgeois-democratic revolution of February 1917 in Russia introduced democratic changes in the empire. Under his strong influence, the struggle for freedom and enlightenment, national culture and justice intensified in his colony - Turkestan, as well as in the entire Russian Empire[2]. However, the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government, despite the fact that it promised to give independence to the country, actually continued the colonial policy [3]. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 23 April - 2024 P a g e | 93 www.americanjournal.org It is known that the most terrible period in the history of the former Union of Soviets was the late 20s and 30s [4]. Millions of innocent people were victims of unjust persecution. The sword of repression was first aimed at national intellectuals and religious people. Because the Bolshevist ideology based on genius could not reconcile with any religion, especially with Islam. That's why Muslim priests and great scholars were exiled for various reasons and put to the sword of repression. Mosques, schools and madrassas were closed by force, their buildings were brutally destroyed. Unique works, educational programs, textbooks, scientific and religious books were buried in cemeteries, drained in rivers, burned, sent abroad[5]. Spirituality in the life of Turkestan people The policy of conveying the truth about Muslim schools and madrassas, which occupy a large place in life and the history of national culture, to the general public in a falsified, misinterpreted manner was carried out [6]. In the 20s of the 20th century, schools, higher and secondary schools, libraries, clubs, museums and cinemas began to open in the city[7]. It is one of our responsible tasks to objectively research the history of book reading, librarianship and library work, which is an integral part of the cultural and spiritual life of Uzbekistan [8], and provide truthful information to the younger generations, at a time when Uzbekistan is leading its own development path after gaining independence . The process of conducting research on the works carried out in this field in the Samarkand region in 1917-1991 encourages us to critically study the works of the research period, collect, generalize, and scientifically analyze archival documents and sources of that period. In this period, the decisions of the colonial period gave great importance to the construction of libraries, to create fortresses from libraries for the cultural and educational life of cities, districts and villages, to organize new popular and mobile libraries, to strengthen them, to take all measures for their repair [9], especially a new qualified specialist in the field The decision of RKP (b) on September 7, 1925 “On providing rural libraries and libraries with popular literature” was adopted on the issues of personnel training, their financial situation, and providing libraries with necessary and very suitable book inventories for the general public [10]. It has been criticized that insufficient attention is paid to the construction of a library in the village. According to him, the number of fixed rural libraries in the RSFSR should be increased to 10,000 in one year, the number of mobile libraries should be increased to 35,000, and rural libraries should be constantly and systematically replenished with new literature.It was noted that it is necessary to provide books in the amount of at least 200 rubles, to fill rural libraries with new literature, to improve the organization of the general department of political education “Glavpolitprosvet” and its library fund of local governments, to pay special attention to the library fund. In the main publishing houses (OGIZ, Lengiz “Yangi kishlok” “Young Guard” and “Priboy”) it was found necessary to allocate a preferential loan for 6 months to rural customers and public organizations providing the village library, 1,500,000 to OGIZ for the operational year 1925/26 it was proposed to allocate a loan in the amount of rubles. On the basis of the decisions made, it was proposed to submit to the Committee of Stamps of the Communist Parties of the Union Republics a proposal to report to the Central Committee on the measures taken to develop the issue of librarians in the village and to improve this work by November 1, 1925. The regional and national party committees (part of the RSFSR) were invited to submit a report to the Central Committee on the measures taken to implement this decision by October 15. This information was recorded in September of the newspaper “Izvestia” of the Central Committee of the RKP. 1925 in number 35. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 23 April - 2024 P a g e | 94 www.americanjournal.org In the November 1, 1929, issue of the "Party Building" newspaper: On October 30, 1929, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the All-Union, in its decision “On the Improvement of Library Work”, recognized the unsatisfactory state of librarianship, the cultural growth of the masses of workers and peasants, and the socialist reconstruction of the national economy. that it is lagging behind in its tasks, the Central Committee of the Committee urged party organizations, trade unions and people's commissars of the Union republics to drastically restructure library work in accordance with its growing political importance, to mobilize the masses to fulfill the tasks set before the libraries suggests turning them into cultural centers with an active contribution and so on [10:198]. And in the 20th issue of 1959 of Party Life newspaper: the decision of the Central Committee of the KPSS on September 22, 1959 “On the state of librarianship in the republic and measures to improve it” stated that during the years of Soviet power, librarianship in our country developed significantly, and the number of public libraries in one country was equal to the pre-revolutionary period. It was noted that the number of book readers increased by 10 times, and book funds by 69 times. [10:274]. Although the libraries implemented the decisions of the 20th Party Congress and carried out significant work on book promotion, contributing to the general educational, political, cultural, scientific and technical level of workers, collective farmers and intellectuals, the content and level of the work of the libraries is still a comprehensive contribution to the communist society. that they do not respond to the tasks of construction, many libraries are separated from the production life, and the employees collect political production, artistic, scientific and technical and reference literature, and at the same time, there is a lack of good books on important fields of knowledge such as mechanization, automation and production technology, related to current issues books are scarce, it has been noted that there is a shortage of popular books on agriculture, best practices, and helping workers in mass occupations [11]. It was noted that about 70% of public library staff do not have special library knowledge, that training of library personnel for scientific and technical universities and special libraries is not organized, and that library staff are subject to high turnover road. The Central Committee of the KPSS stated that the main task of libraries is to promote the historical decisions of the 21st Congress of the Party, to explain the policies and decisions of the Communist Party, as well as to promote book promotion. It was emphasized that it is necessary to expand, more fully reveal the wealth of book funds and use them properly, ensure their use and practical use by all citizens, especially young students, and provide librarians with business information [12]. Local party and Soviet bodies, the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, the Central Council of All-Union Trade Unions, the State Scientific-Technical Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR, the Ministries of Culture and Public Education of the Union Republics provide libraries with the latest political, scientific and technical information, cultural, production, artistic, informational and visual literature[13], as well as the expediency of canceling the costs of the visual library, providing free access to all employees in order to promote the book to the readers as much as possible, publishing houses and “Soyuzkniga” the thematic plans of the publishers and the order for the next year it is determined that it is necessary to provide with forms quickly [14]. In 1960, the Ministry of Culture of the USSR was instructed to start publishing the bibliographic indexes of the Soviet press for five years and annual journals of magazine articles [15]. In order to implement the state control over the country's libraries, it was decided to establish a General Library within the framework of the USSR Department of Culture [16]. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 23 April - 2024 P a g e | 95 www.americanjournal.org The State Library named after V.I.Lenin is responsible for stylistic assistance and consulting of technologists of the country in the field of librarianship and librarianship, and for the scientific and technical library, the State Public Library of the USSR [17]. Party, Soviet and trade union bodies were invited to strictly improve the management of libraries, to promote the work of librarians and books among the population, and to involve the public more widely in the improvement and construction of library buildings [18]. Central and local newspapers and magazines, radio and television editors should widely cover the experience of libraries, strictly improve book promotion, systematically publish book reviews and literature reviews in the most important areas of knowledge, science, production, quality and best practices, the most recommended lists of important literary works[19], as well as the need to publish books to help workers Ea collective farmers in mass occupations and the main branches of industrial and agricultural production. An announcement was made about them in the 20th issue of 1959 of the newspaper “Life of the Party”. According to information published in the Pravda newspaper, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union congratulates the employees of the USSR State Library named after V. I. Lenin on July 3, 1962, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Lenin Library [20]. Therefore, librarianship in our country is developing as a means of raising the cultural awareness of millions of people for the benefit of the entire nation. There are about 400,000 libraries in our country with a book fund of one and a half billion. They are intended for free use. The fact that it has more than 70 million readers is a clear indicator of the greatest cultural revolution in history, the depth and scope of public education in the Soviet Union [21]. CONCLUSION The noted serious shortcomings in the work of libraries show that the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR, the Ministries of Culture and Education of the Union Republics, The All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, as well as many party and Soviet trade union and Komsomol bodies, do not adequately guide the work of the library [18], they did not provide the necessary assistance in strengthening the material and technical base of the libraries, strengthening the relationship with readers, selecting and training personnel, and solving the issues of library work. the involvement of the public in the association is still weak, the role of the library councils is still low, and this is due to the book fund did not have a significant impact on improving the quality of service to employees. Such a historical situation was also observed in the work of the Samarkand region library in Turkestan region and all regions. 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