American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 7, | Dec., 2022 P a g e | 13 www.americanjournal.org MODERN FACTORS OF SOCIETY STABILITY Avazov Komil Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Political Science Republic of Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S Reality gives rise to contradictory trends: the combination of new threats, tense situations and destructive trends creates awareness of the importance of identifying, assessing and managing emerging situations and the development of new scientific paradigms in addressing the threat to the sustainability of society. Public opinion is one of the core concepts of the political science system, occupying an important place in the structure of any research on political communication, political behavior, and the activities of political institutions. It is assumed that public opinion determines certain parameters of political behavior. The events of recent decades show that various political actors can take advantage of mass political movements to change power or attempt to change power outside the electoral process. Reality gives rise to contradictory trends: the combination of new external and internal threats to the state, tense situations and destructive trends creates awareness of the importance of identifying, assessing and managing emerging situations and the development of new scientific paradigms. Threat tolerance, societies, system, geopolitics, globalization, threat, security. Introduction The security of modern daily life, disrupted by explosions, man-made and natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, is becoming one of the scarcest goods of existence, the result of the efforts of state authorities, law enforcement agencies and everyday actions of people who save society from terrorists and other "thieves" of security. People have common interests because they face global risks that are common to the majority. Joint worlds of interaction and communication consist of events that are common to a particular group of people. Based on this understanding of reality, we can assume that people's desire for security is not only one of the conditions for co — existence with others, but also their readiness for events, meaning, and interaction. According to A. G. Maslow, society's need for security and stability of existence, citizens ' confidence in the future is the second step in the five-step classification of personal needs and is potentially American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 14 www.americanjournal.org significant for the average individual. We will understand social security of society as "The state of protection of an individual, social group, community from threats of violation of their vital interests, social rights and freedoms", At the same time, the center of the sense of stability of society, intertwined with the routine of everyday life, is the position of "trust": the experience of ontological security is formed and supported by mechanisms for the routine of human behavior in the environment of everyday life, so that individuals from one situation to another bear a kind of "protective cocoon". The new nature of risks requires a change in the mechanisms of trust: in a post-traditional society, social relations are formed on the basis of"active trust", which is invested by individuals in abstract systems and other individuals, taking into account possible alternatives. METHOD Chronological and systematic periodic data, comparative and quantitative methods have been used in the article. More than ten scientific papers on this topic are used to explain “The stability of society is one of the most relevant dimensions of the modern state”. In addition, the researcher also used various materials to collect data related to the study. DISCUSSION At present, public opinion and socio-philosophical and political research are realizing the vital importance of studying the problem of "Threat resistance of society".The problem of society's threat tolerance is extremely urgent today, since the solution to this problem of our time will open up new perspectives in political science, including social philosophy, as well as in related disciplines. The solution of this problem is very important for expanding the capabilities of the predictive function of philosophy, political science and sociology. It is no accident that this problem was the focus of attention at the world forum held“... in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, which was devoted to the interaction of the natural environment and the environment and the task of choosing a model of social development for the foreseeable future. This problem is most often discussed within the framework of the co- evolution model, that is, the joint balanced development of nature and society “. Political analysis of the problem of threat-resistance of social structures of the state is one of the most important directions in the study of the laws of public life. It is obvious that the political analysis of the problem of the threat resistance of society can help to find answers to the questions of the survival of society in the era of globalization. The problem of "threat resistance of society" became particularly acute in the late XX-early XXI centuries. This is due to several socio-political and economic reasons. The main reason, apparently, for the emergence of new threats against humanity is the geopolitical rivalry in different parts of the world. The standard of living of most countries of the world has also sharply increased, which was facilitated by an unprecedented breakthrough in the production and scientific branches of human existence. Let's also remember what Jaspers says: "Today's world, gradually in the course of a long process going from the XVI century, thanks to the development of technology, has actually become a single sphere of communication". The threat-resistance of society at the present time is due to the fact that the modern stage of human development is replete with crises of different nature and different balance. The increasing influence of techno genesis on societies, on the entire structure of social relations, undoubtedly contributes to the aggravation of this problem at the present stage. To understand and forecast negative trends in American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 15 www.americanjournal.org social development, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the formation of crisis trends. It should be noted that, according to the structure of the areas of public life, social threat resistance includes socio-economic, socio-political, socio-ideological, socio-psychological stability, which are interrelated in the problem of threat resistance from the point of view of the actual measurement of the modern state. All the designated spheres of public life, with their obvious connection, are relatively independent.Understanding technologies, risks and consequences can help to develop better legislation, better policies and strategies, and to ensure better organization in different roles and responsibilities. Risk management increases threat tolerance to global threats. The potential impact of geopolitical and security shocks on the economies of the world's largest cities has grown by 16% over the past year, according to the 2018 global risk index of the Cambridge business school's Judge center for risk research. In terms of potential impact, the three main threat classes in the 2018 index are: −natural disasters: GDP-risk $165 billion; −finance, economy and trade GDP-the risk of $ 142 billion. Geopolitics and security: GDP-risk $133 billion[5,]. At the same time, it is definitely worth taking into account the fact that each specific individual with its own consciousness is "integrated" in a universal system of social and political connections, which are transformed through interests in the process of activity, the goal of which is to meet the needs and interests of different classes, groups, strata of society and individual individuals. − The threat tolerance of a society is based on a specific characteristic of human behavior, which is considered in four different aspects: − "behavioraleconomics", sometimes called "behavioral finance", examines human biases – emotional, social, and cognitive-and how they affect economic decisions; − "principles of decision-making", or rather limited rationality, which determines how we make decisions. Neither has a direct relationship to threat tolerance, but both look at the concept of risk: behavioral economics is more related to economic risk, and decision-making psychology more generally looks at the situation in terms of threat-tolerance risks; −psychology of risk – risk perception: when we exaggerate risks and when we downplay them; −neurobiology. The psychology of security is closely related to how we think: both intellectually and emotionally. For thousands of years, our brains have developed complex mechanisms to deal with threats. Understanding how our brains work and how they fail is crucial to understanding the sense of security[7,]. The concept of risk is extremely relevant today for searching for ideas and answers to the problem of threat tolerance as one of the most relevant dimensions of the modern state. Having conducted a detailed analysis of the concept of gaps in historical development, Martinelli shows that the features of modern society create awareness of risks and cause the appearance of risks in various areas.Because of the risk of new, previously impossible global catastrophes, such as nuclear war or environmental destruction, the risk becomes universal: these catastrophes affect everyone, regardless of class, ethnicity or gender. In addition, risks placed in specialized organizations for which risk is a fundamental principle (for example, stock exchanges, insurance companies, sports events, etc. Finally, in addition to the fact that risks arise from the likelihood of errors in abstract planning, operational American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 16 www.americanjournal.org management and control systems, they also arise as unintended results or as unintended or unintended consequences of deliberate actions taken to achieve a legitimate public goal . The risk of a terrorist attack increases this list of risks, as does the experience of a terrorist threat or the psychological phenomenon of "experiencing a threat of a terrorist act" through media coverage of ongoing terrorist attacks, information about them on the Internet, and so on. RESULTS Research shows that the intensity of experiencing, for example, a threat of violence or a terrorist act decreases with increasing distance from such events. The specificity of people's reactions to stressful, complex situations is reflected in the reactions of the human psyche and consciousness.One of the modern political threats is religious extremism, which wants to undermine the democratic principles of statehood. Each society has developed its own vision of the world, its culture, traditions, and beliefs over a huge historical period. All this is a spiritual and cultural heritage that unites the people of a particular country, and sometimes even a large region. The destruction of these traditions, the imposition of other spiritual values leads to the destruction of the nation's identity, the destruction of the state itself According to Uzbek political scientist Sh. Pakhrutdinov, the formula of "man – state – spirituality" is derived, which, from their point of view, is the basis for the prosperity of the state. The tragedy of living citizens lies in the fact that they are artificially created a situation of a spiritual break in the connection of time. With revolutionary impatience, Russian, Uzbek, Ukrainian, and other radical liberals expunge the Soviet experience from the life of Russian society, declaring it a mistake of history. At the same time, the current "living" experience of society in real conditions contradicts the quasi-liberal practice of radical "transformers". On the other hand, although the religion of Russia and its former republics, including Uzbekistan, has long been weak, Communist ideology in the Soviet era may have once played a role comparable to that of religion. For many decades, communism seemed to be the wave of the future. The belief that they were building a better society may have given meaning to many people's lives. It is difficult to understand the rise to power of Communist movements in Russia, China, and Vietnam without recognizing the motivating power of a belief system that once gave meaning to the lives of many people and forced them to sacrifice their lives for the cause. In Latin America, traditional beliefs in God and country remain strong; but in former Communist countries, the collapse of communism has left a spiritual vacuum. It is certain that spirituality in its various guises forms a threat-resistant society. The globalization of communication processes has highlighted such aspects as subject-subject relations, "Feedback", and the symbolic context of social interaction. The conceptual re-evaluation of communication as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon is particularly important in the modern context, since in the process of globalization, special attention is paid to the dialogue between countries and peoples. In this new situation, the "intersections" of cultural spheres are becoming more diverse. In modern conditions, the level of development of an individual and his ability to decipher texts to a significant extent depend on his involvement in the network society . Thus, communication and interaction become dependent on the level of knowledge in the field of modern information technologies. The new communication space is still under development, and the potential consequences of this process remain largely unclear. At the same time, there is no doubt that American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 17 www.americanjournal.org the Internet and virtual reality, which are the basic elements of the new world of communication, are characterized by a conceptual shift in both perception and understanding of the world. These conditions are characterized by a sharply increased scale of mutual relations and the degree of interdependence in modern society. These processes are so intense and evident in social communities and movements, countries and continents, multinational corporations and emerging markets that today's society is becoming a "networked" society with the global economy as its core. This economy, in contrast to the hierarchical model of the world economy described by F. Braudel and I. Vallerstein, operates as a single system in real time across the entire planet. The confrontation of the main components of the problem brings to the fore two trends. The first trend is associated with increasing threats, crisis situations, and the destructive potential of ongoing transformations. The second is associated with minimizing the impact of these threats and crises and searching for effective methods of managing the forms and mechanisms of stability. From the point of view of the functional paradigm, the subject of psychological security is considered as an open system of communication with the environment, which gives stability to the dynamics. Disequilibrium and instability are no longer seen as destructive and negative phenomena. The transition from an equilibrium state to an unstable, non-equilibrium state generates a new, previously unknown pattern. These approaches to understanding security in the context of the dialectical interaction of the tension of situations and their stability suggest (1) the possibility of political analysis of psychological security through the possibility of overcoming threats, (2) the importance of stability and (3) the importance of stabilizing mechanisms for reducing tension in the subject-activity sphere and in the social perception of danger in order to form a threat-resistant society . Thus, not only the political and economic independence of the state, but also the spiritual component of society becomes vulnerable, so it is necessary to develop mechanisms to fight against destructive ideological and religious movements, which has become one of the most relevant measures of the modern state. Threats not only external, but also internal can undermine the integrity of the state and lead to disastrous consequences. Let us recall, for example, the Weimar Republic (the historiographical name of Germany in 1919-1933), which lasted for most of the peace period between the two world wars, and was an attempt to establish a liberal democracy in Germany, and ended with the coming to power of the NSDAP, which created a totalitarian dictatorship. The Weimar state was defined as "democracy without Democrats" during its existence, which indicated a significant problem in its structure, and in particular, the lack of a strong constitutional consensus that could link the entire spectrum of political forces – from the right to the left.The defeat of the Weimar Republic cannot be explained by any single circumstance: the institutional shortcomings of the Weimar Constitution, the global economic crisis of the late 20s and early 30s, the poverty and mass unemployment that contributed to the expansion of the electoral base of the national socialists, or the lack of democratic reforms in the justice, administration and army. The blame for the defeat of the first democracy in Germany should not be placed solely on individual politicians who did not have the necessary personal qualities. Nor can the charismatic appeal of the Fuhrer's image be a decisive reason, since by the end of 1932; Hitler and the national socialists had already passed the peak of "voter love". The collapse of the Weimar Republic is the result of the coincidence of a whole set of reasons, the lack of a common strategy to prevent possible threats. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 18 www.americanjournal.org Or another example is Pakistan. On December 21, 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto assumed the post of President of Pakistan. For his assistance in the fight against Yahya Khan, Bhutto appointed General Zia-ul-Haq as chief of staff of the ground forces. Bhutto, who personally nominated him for this post and believed in his loyalty, failed to see Zia-ul-Haq as a future military dictator and paid a heavy price for his mistake: as a result of a coup, Bhutto was deposed and executed, democratic elections were eliminated as contrary to the "spirit of Islam", and the country began to implement a policy of "islamization". But there are not only internal, but also external threats to the political self-determination of the state. Despite the absence of universal "recipes" for a democratic model that could be applied to any state, some countries seek to "export it" without taking into account national characteristics and historical experience. As noted by the first First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.Karimov, "The export of democracy is reminiscent, on the one hand, of the recent attempt to impose communism on everyone, on the other hand, it is contrary to the very nature of free democracy." For example, in Ukraine, which has "turned into an experimental Maidan of color revolutions", constitutional reforms have not yet been implemented. "Let's say there is a' democratic deficit 'in a country, and it is believed that the people of that country need to be helped to get rid of this 'deficit'. For this purpose, large funds are allocated and appropriate political, military and material resources are allocated. The goal of all these actions is the same-the organization of a coup and the elimination of the government, which actually created this "deficit". In this situation, the technologies of "velvet revolutions" are launched: the former government is supposed to leave in the most peaceful way, without victims, and in its place are forces that meet the interests of groups that have their own interests in the region". In the absence of a comprehensive interstate approach, the situation may develop unpredictably in the event of an immediate threat. The effectiveness of common approaches to solving security problems could contribute to ensuring active and sustainable political and economic development of the state. Practical application of the "threat tolerance" model can lead to the following results: 1) if the measures to eliminate the threat are effective, the economy and political situation in the country are stable; 2) if the measures are not implemented at the proper level, there is a threat to the emergence of a critical state in the economy and politics; 3) if the measures do not give practical results, permanent discord arises, and dangerous influences can lead to the weakening of the political system of the state; 4) not taking measures to eliminate all kinds of threats or their inefficiency leads to a complete breakdown of the political system of the state, but more often the transition from democracy to dictatorship. In order for the state to be frost-resistant, it is necessary to find a balance between the interests of the people and the state. It is important to create organizational and legal conditions for the formation of representative offices of municipal (regional, city) administration and Executive authorities, supported by initiative citizens actively participating in the political life of the country. So, the idea of legal documents should be the practical solution ideas "from strong state to strong civil society", i.e. the introduction of a different logical sequence of "citizen – society – state" instead of American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 19 www.americanjournal.org where the state came first, and man last, which helps the society and the country in the new political realities to remain United and harmoniously developing structure (figure 3). Figure 3-the formal sequence of an emerging new political event (reality) Figure 4-the Essential sequence of an emerging new political event (reality). Creation of an effective legal mechanism for reporting administrative structures and state authorities to political parties Creating the necessary organizational and legal conditions for active participation of political parties in the formation of representative offices of government and Executive bodies Strengthening the initiative, role, action and responsibility of political parties in the life of society Strengthening of social and political activity of society and the state DECISIONS EVENTS MEANS Strengthening of social and political activity of society and the state American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 20 www.americanjournal.org If the drawing item "strengthening social and political participation in our society" to accept the formula of "goal – score", the "strengthening of the initiative, roles, actions and responsibilities of political parties in society" will serve as the main means leading to the aforementioned "objective result". In order to achieve the intended goal with this tool, it will be necessary to apply a "measure" in the form of"Creating the necessary organizational and legal conditions for the participation of political parties in the formation of representative power, Executive bodies". As"measures "for implementing" decisions", it is envisaged to "create an effective legal mechanism for reporting to political parties by management structures and state authorities". Therefore, if there are means, measures and solutions that are clearly and consistently implemented in order to achieve the intended goal, then we can undoubtedly speak of the harmonious development of our society. According to the pyramid scheme, it is obvious that directly political parties often become the Foundation in the political system of the state, i.e. the parties are the "means", " measure "and" solution", the harmony between the form, quality and content of which can be displayed in the figure (figure 5) Figure 5-Formal, qualitative and meaningful harmony created by political reforms as a guarantee of threat tolerance1. In order for society to be threat-resistant, progressive reforms should be maintained and continued in order to achieve economic and political stability in the state. In the modern world, forces are actively developing that are set only to destroy other states that find support among the hegemonic countries, their goal-setting is, for example, attacks by terrorist organizations, the introduction of destructive cults, the promotion of asocial behavior (using television, the world wide web, the Internet, the film industry), the drug addiction of society, and so on, as a result, the policy of such countries can be called a "policy of double standards": they peremptorily, without thinking about the scale of negative consequences, invade political life other States, including, that thereby contribute to their democratization or without taking into account the negative impact on other States by their actions, they decompose society from within for the purpose of economic profit (for 1Пахрутдинов, Ш.И. Угрозоустойчивое общество в качестве фактора развития государства и общества / Ш.И. Пахрутдинов // СПб.: Фонд развития конфликтологии, 2016. – №4. – С. 67 – 83. – С. 80. • Participation in the appointment of the head of government and his resignation • Social control •Parliamentary majority • Inter-parliamentary opposition •Participation in the appointment of the head of government and his resignation •Parliamentary faction •Deputy group Form Quality Content New political event (reality) American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 21 www.americanjournal.org example, the sale of narcotic drugs – their active production and supply to almost all countries of the world from Afghanistan).Epistemology of psychological security involves the analysis of not only obvious, but also hidden connotations. Theoretical understanding and rational "awareness" of a tense situation in the form of interpretation contribute to the systematization of problems, since they relate to the stability of everyday life and the social environment. The realities of the twentieth century posed the problem of balance and stability in society in the context of conscious personal responsibility and personal choice. Unstable situations can cause a deformation in the dialogical connection between possibility and reality, and strengthen the role and significance of a conscious, activity-oriented individual in the conception, differentiation and realization of opportunities and in taking responsibility for their choice. When people are sure that they are free to choose a behavior model that is a direct expression of their own goals and views, social processes begin to develop in a completely different way than when people think that they are being forced to behave in this way, or when their actions are regulated by economic incentives or external organizations.However, the study of specific data and their changes is of great importance for current political research, and therefore it is worth referring to the published materials on the rating of fears of almost every nation, as an example, let's take the data analyzed in the new Times magazine as a result of the study (see table 2. table 2-Changes in the rating of fears (1991-2006) Rank The nature and subject of fear % interviewedin 2006 % ofrespondentsin 1991 I Fear of losing loved ones 54 45 Absenceofanyfear 5 5 II Fear of war or mass murder 43 53 III Fearofhunger 22 32 IV Fearofgovernmenttyranny 22 16 Fear of bureaucratic tyranny on the part of officials 60 (approximately) - V Fearofdeath 8 8 VI Fearofpublicinsult 7 9 Mostly men under the age of 29 with primary or secondary education. CONCLUSION Debates in the psychological literature about the nature and meaning of fears, their affective basis, and their inversely proportional relationship to the work of the intellect show the functional significance of fears for controlling the behavior of masses and large groups of people. Among the specifics of behavior that can threaten psychological security and generate tense situations and crises, the phenomenon of the illusion of control is quite common. The transmission of rules and regularities that regulate the situation on a rational, substantive and transformational level, in which the result is largely out of control, forms a belief in certain symbols and rituals and that a successful result is the result of an individual's ability to effectively analyze information and make the necessary decisions. Accordingly, these factors form the threat resistance of the society. The data obtained are very important for the fact that they indicate decision-making in a tense situation or crisis. Both the illusion American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 22 www.americanjournal.org of control over the situation and the effect of conservatism with delayed decisions pose a threat to the security of an individual, group, or social environment, depending on the content and scope of the decision. List of Literature 1. Smirnov A. E. Tolerance: the violence of being or the power of events? // Social heterology and the problem of tolerance / ed. by A. Yu. Zenkova, V. E. Kemerovo. Yekaterinburg: Ed. USU, 2003. Pp. 29-30. 2. Sillaste G. Social security of the individual, society and state / / Security of Eurasia. 2000. # 1 (January-June). Gorshkov V. G. Physiological and biological bases of life stability. Moscow: Nauka, 1995, 167 p. 3. Jaspers, K. The Meaning and purpose of history. Moscow: "Republic", 1994. -527 p. 4. Ralph D. (2018) geopolitical and security shocks are growing around the world. URL: https://insight.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2018/geopolitical-and-security-shocks-rise-across-the-world/ 5.Levashov, V.K. Socio-political sustainability of society: theory, measurement, strategy. - M., 2010. - 370 p. 6.Schneier, B. (2008). The psychology of security. Retrieved from http://www.schneier.com/essay- 155.html (January 21). 7.Martinelli, Alberto Global. O. Male. & A. V. Rezayev, Trans.)/ Alberto Martinelli; [trans. from English under total ed. A. V. Rezaeva]; St. Petersburg State un-t, Fak.sociology. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, 2006. - 227, [2] p .; - P. 143. 8. Bykhovets Yu. V. Representations about the terrorist act and the experience of the terrorist threat by residents of different regions of the Russian Federation: dissertation ... candidate of psychological Sciences: 19.00.13 / YuliaBykhovets; [Place of defense: Institute of psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. - Moscow, 2007. - 129 p. 6 9. SI Pakhratdinov The legitimacy of power structures as the factor for the threat resistance of society//Journal of critical reviews, 2020, vol 7. P.1434-1438 10. SI Pakhratdinov Uzbekistan: Responsibility For Sustainable Development And Intensity Of Rapid Changes// Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal . Vol.6, No.8. P.233-239 11.Пахрутдинов Ш.И. Угрозоустойчивое общество в качестве фактора развития государства и общества// Конфликтология. №4, 2016. с-74 12.Расулов, Х.М. "Фуқаролик жамияти: бошқарувда номарказлаштиришнинг истиқболлари." Журнал правовых исследований 5.2 (2020). 13. Пахрутдинов Ш.И. Узбекистан: ответственность за устойчивое развитие и интенсивность ускоренных изменений// Вопросы политологии.- 2019.-Том: 9 Номер 8 (48): С. 1754-1764 14. Levashov, V. K. Socio-political stability of society: theory, measurements, strategies. - Moscow, 2010. - 370 p. 15. Inglehart R., Foa R., Ponarin E., WelzelCh. (2013)Understanding the Russian Malaise: the Collapse and Recovery of Subjective Well-Being in Post-Communist Russia. National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). URL: https://www.hse.ru/pubs/share/direct/document/128744425. - P. 7. 16. Castels M. the Information age: Economy, society and culture. Under the scientific editorship of O. I. Shkaratan; State Univ. Higher school of Economics, Moscow, 2000, 606, [1] p. 105. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 23 www.americanjournal.org 17. Dontsov A. I., Perelygina E. B. Tense situations and the significance of stability for psychological security Psychology in Russia: State of the art, vol. 6, no. 2, 2013, pp. 4 – 15. – P. 5. 18. Avazov K.External and internal threats of modernity, security and stability in society, and their relationship//Russia and the Muslim world-Moscow, 2017, p. 23