American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 24, | May - 2024 P a g e | 170 www.americanjournal.org KINESICS AS A SET OF EXPRESSIVE MOVEMENTS iNCLUDED IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION Jurayeva Shahnoza Sadullayevna Toshkent kimyo-texnologiya instituti Shahrisabz filiali ingliz tili fani o’qituvchisi A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In this article non-verbal communication is one of the most important areas for the functioning of signs and symbolic information and occupies a significant place in the life of a person and society. In a narrow sense, Kinesics is a doctrine of gestures, primarily hand gestures. In addition, the object of kinesics are mimic gestures, gestures of the head and legs, postures, and symbolic movements. Kinesics, communication, Thumb up, confidence, Uzbek culture, shakes Introduction Non-verbal communication is one of the most important areas for the functioning of signs and symbolic information and occupies a significant place in the life of a person and society. Kinesics understood - in the broad sense of the word - as the science of the language of the body and its parts, along with paralinguistics is the central area of non-verbal semiotics. Sometimes kinesics is identified with the technique of the body, including also non-sign movements, the term body technique belongs to M. Moss. The objects of kinesics are kinema - these are the movements of the body, face and eyes that perform expressively regulatory functions in communication: gestures, postures, gait, facial expressions, looks. Kinesics is one of the nonverbal codes based on culturally specific movements of the human body. Kinesics in the broad sense of the word - the science of body language and its parts body. In a narrow sense, Kinesics is a doctrine of gestures, primarily hand gestures. In addition, the object of kinesics are mimic gestures, gestures of the head and legs, postures, and symbolic movements. There are more than 200 countries and at least 4 thousand different languages in the world. Of course, going on a trip, especially to distant exotic countries, it is difficult to learn the languages and dialects that will be needed in communication. Therefore, sign language comes to the aid of an inquisitive tourist. In many countries, it is quite possible to find out the minimum necessary information without knowing the local language, exclusively using gestures. However, not in all countries the same gesture has the same meaning. But in almost all countries, non-verbal means of communication (which include gestures and facial expressions) play an important role in communication. And sometimes facial expressions and gestures speak more about people than their words.1 1 Birdwhistell, Ray. Kinesics and Context: Essays on body motion communication. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press 1970.-p.113 American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 24 May - 2024 P a g e | 171 www.americanjournal.org There are different gestures, but not all gestures have the same meaning: Thumb up. In most countries, this is a gesture of approval (from here, by the way, the “Like” sign appeared on many social networks) or a sign that you are trying to catch a passing car on the highway. This gesture in both English and Uzbek culture means the same thing "excellent." This gesture and both cultures are used almost equally in cases, for example, when we make someone a compliment, that he looks great, or when a person has done any job perfectly, etc. But there is also a difference between the use of this gesture between English and Uzbek cultures, for example, the English when they want to stop the route they often use “thumb up” gesture, but in Uzbek culture this gesture is not used in this situation, the Uzbeks usually simply wave their hand. Gesture "Everything is OK" This gesture often in both cultures perceived positively and implies that everything is in order. This gesture is also used in Uzbek and English cultures, for example, when people agree with anything, or when they answer to the interviewer that they are doing well. Peace or victory - the index finger and middle finger raised up, placed to the side in the form of the letter V. This “peace or victory’ gesture in English and Uzbek cultures use differently. In English culture this gesture means victory or peace, but Uzbeks often use this gesture when they are photographed, because they think that's how they turn out to be cool or positive. Nod your head. Nodding the head in English and Uzbek cultures have the same meaning. Because in English and Uzbek cultures nodding your head up and down means agreement and swaying your head from side to side means disagreement. However, Uzbeks use this gesture not only agreement and disagreement, but they also use this gesture when they for example say “No” for someone. Hugging. In English and Uzbek cultures this gesture has a little bit difference. For example, English people are quite emotional, and they are hug all people to express the joy of meeting. But Uzbeks not hugging all people, they think hugging completely strangers, when they are meeting, they just shake hands. In Uzbek culture people hug only close people. And here we can see the difference of using this gesture in both cultures, and we can know that in English culture people are very friendship. Alluring gesture with index finger. In English culture if you beckon someone with your finger, they will understand you clearly, perceiving this gesture as a calling. But in Uzbek culture, this is a sign of strong insult. Uzbeks don’t use this gesture because it shows human non-tolerance. Temple finger. Turning the index finger at a temple in Uzbek culture, you will be hinted at someone's stupidity. But in English culture means "live your mind." There are a lot of gestures, but we examined only the most popular gestures in English and Uzbek cultures. Some examples of English kinemes rendering into Uzbek: 1. She presses her lips together and then smiles. (U lablarini bir-biriga bosadi, keyin tabassum qiladi.) Press the lips means if the upper and lower lips of the interlocutor are closely connected, it means that he wants to say something, but restrains himself. Suspects often, before admitting a crime, tighten their lips. They want to confess, but involuntarily tighten their lips so as not to give themselves away. This gesture in English and Uzbek cultures has the same meaning. In both cultures “presses the lips and smiles” gesture, uses for example when two or more people speak and and may be one of the interlocutors spoke badly about her, to which she reacted badly because she did not like it, but she pressed her lips and then smiled. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 24 May - 2024 P a g e | 172 www.americanjournal.org 2. Our eyes met for only a second, then he turned his head away. I dropped my gaze, embarrassed, and that's when I saw it. (Bizning ko'zlarimiz bir soniya uchrashdi, u darhol yuz o'girdi va men xijolat bo'lib, nigohimni yerga tushirdim) In English and Uzbek cultures these gestures people use a little differently. Because, in English culture people not shy, they always open for everyone. But in Uzbek culture people are very shy, and they feel themselves not sure, that’s why they often drop the gaze. There are also the same meanings between these two cultures, that “eyes met for only a second” means that people look in one moment at each other. It also depends on situation, for example in English and Uzbek cultures this gesture can be used when a man and a woman fall in love. Turn the head away means turn back from someone. Drop the gaze means to stop looking at someone and look down, usually because you feel uncomfortable. So, these gestures in English and Uzbek cultures have the same meanings. This example “Our eyes met for only a second, then he turned his head away. I dropped my gaze, embarrassed, and that's when I saw it” we can see that it is about man and woman which fall in love, because at first here mentioned that their eyes met for only a second, and then a man turned his head away which means that he was shy, and we can see that the woman also was shy, that’s why she dropped her gaze and embarrassed.2 3. He nods, as if remembering the squirrel. Huddi biror nimani eslaganday, boshini silkitdi There are a lot of situations when in English and Uzbek cultures people use this gesture. Nodding means lower and raise one's head slightly and briefly, especially in greeting, assent, understanding or to give someone a signal. This gesture people in English and Uzbek culture use the same. For example, if people nodding it means that they agree with somebody or like in this example “he nods, as if remembering the squirrel” which means that people also can use this gesture when they remember about something and so on. In this sentence we can understand that a man doesn’t remember somebody or something, but he pretends as if he remembered. 4. I lift my chin a bit higher, put on my most winning smile, and wave with my free hand. Men iyagimni biroz balandroq ko'tarib, eng jozibador tabassumimni ko’rsatishga o’rinib va bo'sh qo'lim bilan hammaga qo’limni silkitdim. In this sentence lift one’s chinned a bit higher means raise one’s chin; put on winning smile means when you don’t want smile, but you try to smile; wave with hand means when you greet someone in the distance you should wave for him. It is an example about a woman, which doesn’t want smile, but pretends and put on her most winning smile. Because when people smile, they show that they are open, friendly, happy and so on. We also see that she waves with her hand, it means that she greets other people. In English and Uzbek cultures people always smile and wave with hand when they greet with someone. 5. As I gain confidence, I blow a few kisses to the crowd. Asta-sekinlik bilan dadilashib, men olomonga bir nechta o'pichlarni puflayman In this sentence we can see that it is about a woman, which was very shy, but she gains confidence and then even blows a few kisses to the crowd. From this example we also understand that she went on the stage and felt insecure and exited. And when she gained courage, she blew a few kisses to the crowd. We usually send a kiss only for close people. And also, we blow the kiss if we are further away from 2 Beattle, Geoffrey. Visible Though: The New Psychology of Body Language. New York: Routledge. 2003.-p.67. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 24 May - 2024 P a g e | 173 www.americanjournal.org the person to say goodbye. This gesture in English and Uzbek cultures have also the same meaning. In both cultures people are very friendly and they also blow a few kisses when they greet or say goodbye. 6. She shakes her head in denial quickly and hurries away from the table. (U tezda inkor tarzda boshini chayqadi va stoldan shoshib turib ketdi) Shake one’s head means to indicate disapproval, disagreement, negation, or uncertainty by turning one's head from one side to the other and back. In this sentence we can see that she shakes her head because she doesn’t agree with someone, or maybe she doesn’t know something, or she answers “no” and so on. Of course, it depends on different situation. But due to this example “she shakes her head in denial quickly and hurries away from the table” we can understand that a woman doesn’t agree with someone, that’s why she shakes her head and then hurries away. 7. But he just shrugs. Lekin u shunchaki yelka qisadi. In this sentence shrugs means if somebody asks about something, but you don’t know the answer you can show it with shrug gesture. From this sentence we can see that a man shrugs, because he shows indifference or maybe doubt about anything. In English and Uzbek cultures “shrug” gesture have the same meaning. The shrugging gesture is a good example of a universal gesture that signifies that a person does not know or understand what it is about. 8. «Thank you for your consideration», I say. Then I give a slight bow and walk straight toward the exit without being dismissed. (E'tiboringiz uchun rahmat, - deyman ta'zim bilan va ruxsatni kutmasdan chiqishga ketaman). These sentences show us that it is about a person, who perform on stage. After the performance he said “thank you for your consideration” and he gives a slight bow. So, when a performer makes a bow, everyone should to stand up. This is a show of respect for the artist and his creativity. On stage, the bow is usually performed at the end of the performance. In the lesson in the dance class the performers make a bow at the beginning (greeting of the teacher, concertmaster, and viewer) and at the end of the lesson (gratitude for attention). I can conclude that, non-verbal communication is one of the most important areas for the functioning of signs and symbolic information and occupies a significant place in the life of a person and society. Kinesics understood - in the broad sense of the word - as the science of the language of the body and its parts, along with paralinguistics is the central area of non-verbal semiotics References 1. Anderson, J.D. The Language of Gesture. Folklore. 1980. 2. Andersen, Peter A. Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions. California: Mayfield Publishing. 1999 3. Axtell, Roger E. Gestures: The Do’s and Taboos of Body Language Around the World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4. Bateson, Mary C.Kinesics and Paralanguage. Science 139 (3551): 1963 5. Beattle, Geoffrey. Visible Though: The New Psychology of Body Language. New York: Routledge. 2003 6. Birdwhistell, Ray. Introduction to Kinesics: an annotation system for analysis of body motion and gesture. 1979. Louisville: University of Louisville. 7. Birdwhistell, Ray. Kinesics and Context: Essays on body motion communication. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press 1970.