American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 27, | August - 2024 P a g e | 1 www.americanjournal.org SITUATION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN PERIOD Norbotayeva Gozal Abdigafirovna KarEEI Researcher A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article talks about the state of school educational institutions in the era of New Uzbekistan. The author, relying on scientific data, studied and analyzed the specific aspects of the state of school educational institutions in the period of New Uzbekistan based on available literature. New Uzbekistan, preschool education, institution, legal basis, material and technical base. Introduction Reforms carried out in the school education system in the years of independence can be conditionally divided into two. The first step is the era of I. Karimov, who ruled the country from 1991 to 2016, and the second step is the era of Sh. Mirziyoyev, who was officially elected as the president from 2017. On the eve of independence, about 10,000 preschool educational institutions were operating in the republic. From the first years of independence to 2016, their number has been steadily decreasing. By 2016, their number has halved. During these years, it can be said that the government has experienced a kind of transitional period. The lack of jobs and economic instability hindered the development of this industry. Despite the measures taken by the government, due to objective and subjective reasons, the development of the field of preschool education began to slow down. That is why Sh.Mirziyoyev paid attention to the fundamental improvement of the activities of kindergartens in the first days of his election. Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, said: "The first task is in the field of school education, we must admit that we have neglected the work in this important field"[1]. Main part In fact, the shortcomings in this area were just widening. When reforming any sector, first of all, it requires the formation of a legal framework. For this reason, Sh. Mirziyoyev paid attention to this in the first moments of coming to the state administration. In recent years, about 100 high-level normative legal documents have been adopted to eliminate accumulated problems in this field and to adapt them to world standards. One of the first documents in this field was the Resolution of the Resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 29, 2016 "On measures to further improve the school education system in 2017-2021" No. RQ-2707[2]. The purpose of this decision was to further strengthen the school education system, to provide material and technical means, to provide them with qualified educational staff, to increase the coverage of children and to raise them intellectually. With this decision, the program for the development of the school education system until 2021 was also American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 27 August - 2024 P a g e | 2 www.americanjournal.org approved. It is known that if a child acquires basic education by heart before entering school, it will be easier and more effective for him to learn further education. The scope of coverage with kindergartens was real and it was impossible to achieve it immediately. For this reason, instructions were also given in this decision on the organization of short-term training groups. According to it, it was decided to establish 6100 short-term training groups. The source of funds for the implementation of the program was determined. This document served as a starting point for the fundamental improvement of the field of school education. The order of the Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 17, 2017 "On approval of state requirements for school education" (the document became invalid on July 3, 2018) was aimed at the implementation of the above decision. This order specifies state requirements consisting of 9 annexes. In particular, these include the indicators of fulfillment of the State requirements for children under 2 years of age, the periodicity of training in Maktabgasha educational institutions, and the periodicity of training in short-term groups [3]. Results and Discussions By working in short-term groups, it was possible to efficiently use the capacity of the institution. For example, in the Karshi district of the Kashkadarya region, the first kindergarten was reconstructed based on the experience of South Korea. 3 billion 129 million soums were spent on reconstruction, and this institution, which has not been renovated since its foundation in 1953, was rebuilt from the existing 70 beds to 130 beds. With a capacity of 130 people, conditions have been created to cover 200 children at the expense of short-term groups[4]. Another document aimed at the implementation of this decision was directed to be implemented by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This was the decision No. 528 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 19, 2017 "On improving the activities of school educational institutions" (the decision lost its force on May 5, 2021)[5]. With this decision, the Ministry of Public Education was instructed to develop a model state unit and charter of pre-school educational institutions. In the decision, the main direction is focused on specialized educational institutions, in which it was noted that the state unit of a defectologist will be introduced, and the monthly salary of the head and editor of such institutions, as well as medical staff will be paid a 100 percent increase. The actions taken did not allow to completely eliminate the problems in the system. The management system of school education, the system of public-private partnership has not been introduced, the imbalance of the capacity of school education institutions with the growth of the population, the inadequacy of teaching-methodical, educational and similar tools to the needs of the times, the current situation in personnel training and professional development institutions does not allow the supply of experts at the level of demand. The system did not fully develop due to the inability of qualified personnel to move to other areas due to the fact that the monthly salaries paid in the system are correct, deficiencies in the health care sector and other reasons. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, the Resolution of the Resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 9, 2017 "On measures to fundamentally improve the school education system" No. RQ-3261 was approved [6]. With this decision, it was decided to establish a new form of school educational institutions in large cities as an experiment. The institutions of the new form were based on the conditions of public-private partnership, which was a unique innovation. A commission consisting of high-level officials and heads of organizations (25 people) was launched to critically American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 27 August - 2024 P a g e | 3 www.americanjournal.org study the Maktabgasha education system and develop proposals for its further improvement. A Roadmap consisting of two directions and 15 points was also approved. Despite the large-scale reforms carried out by the government, by 2017, the number of school-based educational institutions that existed in the early days of independence has halved. And the coverage could not rise above 30 percent. In this way, the Resolution of the Resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 30, 2017 "On the organization of the activities of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan Maktabgasha" No. RQ-3305 (the document became invalid on May 31, 2023) was adopted[7]. Based on this decision, the ministry, its departments in Tashkent city and regions, and departments in districts were established. This ministry operated from 2017 to 2023. Further activities of the Ministry were strengthened by the Decree of the Resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 30, 2017 "On measures to fundamentally improve the management of the school education system" No. RF-5198. Agrerrina Shin, director of the Tashkent Vocational College of Information Technologies, was appointed to this ministry[8]. Later, by the Decree of the Resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. RF-79[9] of May 26, 2023, it was merged with the Ministry of Public Education in the form of the Ministry of School and School Education. It is considered impossible to meet the growing demand only through state-owned educational institutions. For this reason, the state paid attention to all-round support of the activities of private kindergartens, giving them various benefits and thereby increasing their number. Resolution No. 991 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 18, 2017 "On strengthening the material and technical base of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan and institutions in its system and supporting the activities of the non-governmental maktabgasha educational organization" was issued with these goals in mind [9]. According to the decision, from July 1, 2021, 50% of the electricity and natural gas used by schools and educational institutions operating under the terms of the PPP will be reimbursed by the state. With this decision, the Regulation on the procedure for paying monthly commissions from the State budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan for electricity and natural gas services used by non-state school educational organizations is approved. According to the regulation, compensation is paid not only for electricity and natural gas, but also for substitute products when they are not available. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that positive situations have been observed since 2017 following the efforts of integration into the modern education system. This was observed in all directions and forms of school education. New entrants and educational methods have entered the field. As mentioned above, the development of the field of school education has been proven to be effective only with comprehensive measures. It should be noted that, despite the volume of the work carried out and the increase of allocated funds, this system lags behind the growing demand of the population. Kashkadarya region, which has fallen to the lowest place in the republic, is therefore considered appropriate to develop and implement special measures. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 27 August - 2024 P a g e | 4 www.americanjournal.org References: 1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Critical analysis, strict discipline and personal responsibility should be the daily rules of every leader's activity. - T.: Uzbekistan, 2017. - P. 45. 2. Decision PQ-2707 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 29, 2016 "On measures to further improve the preschool education system in 2017-2021". https://lex.uz/docs/3090103 3. Order of the Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 17, 2017 "On approval of state requirements for preschool education". 4. In Kashkadarya, the first kindergarten, renovated on the basis of the Korean model, was commissioned. https://daryo.uz 5. Resolution No. 528 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 19, 2017 "On improving the activities of preschool educational institutions". https://lex.uz/docs/3279597 6. Decision PQ-3261 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 9, 2017 "On measures to radically improve the preschool education system". https://lex.uz/docs/3334234 7. Decision PQ-3305 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 30, 2017 "On the organization of the activities of the Ministry of Preschool Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan". https://lex.uz/docs/3362881 8.The Ministry of Preschool Education is headed by Agrippina Shin https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/10/20/preschool-education 9. Decree No. PF-79 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 26, 2023 "On measures to effectively organize the activities of the Ministry of Preschool and School Education and organizations within its system." https://lex.uz/ru/docs/6476175?query=2017 10. Resolution No. 991 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 18, 2017. https://lex.uz/docs/3462629. https://lex.uz/docs/3362881