American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 7, | Dec., 2022 P a g e | 43 www.americanjournal.org KASHFI TERMIZI AND TERMIZ LITERARY SCHOOL Aliev Shakir Jorakulovich First Stage Doctoral Student of Termiz State University Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The city of Termiz has long been known to the world as "Madinat Ar-Rijol". It is mentioned in scientific-historical sources that many mystic scholars flourished in this land. Razin Tirmizi, Ja'far ibn Ali Tirmizi, Abu Sahl Tirmizi, Yusuf Hayat Tirmizi, Hakim Tirmizi, Warraq Tirmizi, Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi, Sufi Allahyar, Mawlawi Jununi and other scholars of Sufism can be cited as examples. Kashfi Termizi, scientific heritage, Termiz literary school. Hakim Termizi, one of the great scientists recognized in the Eastern world, founded the Hakimiya sect with his rich scientific heritage. It is also noteworthy that Imam Abu Isa Tirmidhi is among the world's famous muhaddiths in hadith science. When we say Termizi and Termizi, the first people who come to mind are Imam Termizi and Hakim Termizi. It will be right to list some of the reasons why the city of Termiz has been a breeding ground for such great breeds since ancient times. According to historical books, Termiz was one of the ancient cities of the East. An important branch of the Great Silk Road also passed through the ancient city of Termiz. From long ago, it established trade relations with the states of Parthia, Sogdiyona, Khorezm, and Margyona. It has established extensive relations with major trading center countries such as India. People lived here in the III-IV centuries BC. By the III-II centuries, Termiz became one of the politically, economically and culturally developed cities of the Bactrian state. During the rule of the Kushan state, the city of Termiz became a prosperous place and became one of the largest cities of Northern Bactria. Being a commercial and cultural center, the city of Termiz has a long history of urban culture due to its proximity to the Great Silk Road. In this regard, "Hududu-l-Olam"[1] in his work, Termiz "is a beautiful and prosperous city on the banks of the Jayhun. Its castle is on the river bank, its huge bazaar is world-famous, the people of Khuttalon and Chaganiyan trade here"[2], - that he gave a high rating proves our opinion. So it is clear from this that by the 10th century, Termiz had become a beautiful, prosperous city with a world-famous market. In fact, crafts, trade, and large buildings, among other industries, were established in such centers. The fact that the remains of ancient buildings have been preserved in the Old City until today is a clear result of this. Along with socio-economic reforms, Termiz was also active in political reforms. The Ghaznavids, Karakhanids, Karakhitai were part of the Seljuks and Khorezm states. The first ruination of the ancient city of Termiz dates back to the time of the Mongol invasion. Termiz strongly resisted the Mongol rebellion. By the time of Amir Temur, Termiz became part of the Timurid state. Amir improves the city of Termiz with his wise policies. In particular, he shows special respect to Sayyid American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 44 www.americanjournal.org Termizi. In 1407, by the decree of Khalil Sultan, the Termiz fortress on the river bank was restored. It soon became a large city that minted its own coins[3]. It should be noted that during the period of Timurids, science, literature and art developed much more than in other periods, many scientists in various fields emerged. The city of Termiz, like the cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Nasaf, is known to the world as a prosperous and happy place. From the first half of the 14th century, historical inscriptions began to be used on the coins minted in Termez, adding "Madanat ar-Rijal" (City of Heroes) to the name of the city to describe it. That is, this description shows that the people, being fearless, brave, and wise, have always protected their homeland from the enemy. Mirzo Kenjabek, a well-known Termizologist, describes Termiz as follows in his work "The Great Termizians": "If we look at the ruins of old Termiz on the coast of Azim Jayhun, we can see the walls of the ancient fortress. Indeed, there is a man-made building that has not been left untouched. Any castle, fortress, palace, mausoleum gradually erodes, sinks, rots, needs repair or reconstruction. The ruthless laughter of history has not spared any fortress... But the real unspoiled fortresses of great historical cities are the great figures, the immortal spiritual heritage they left behind, guardians, scholars, rare personalities... The glory, attention and honor of ancient Termiz and forever with the Termizites. The eternally beautiful castles of Termiz are considered the great Termizids.[4] The cultural environment of Termiz, which nurtured such great figures, became famous for its literary school in the 10th and 11th centuries, along with other schools of science and literature. It is no secret to all of us that famous poets such as Adib Sabir Termizi (1078-1147), Farruhi (died 1039), Amir Muizzi (1072-1127), Munjik Termizi (died 988) emerged from the literary environment of old Termiz and Chaganiyan. It is also important that poets and writers such as Abu Ali Husayn ibn Ahmad al- Sallami, Abumansur Muhammad ibn Ahmad Daqiqi, Abul Qasim Ali ibn Muhammad Iskofi, Tahir Chaghani created in the literary environment of Chaganiyan. Chaganiyan is the name of the region located in the upper part of Amudarya, and its most important and prosperous city was Termiz. From this point of view, a number of Termizi scholars and poets have come out. The topic we are focusing on is related to the representatives of the literary environment of Termiz. Historical-literary and scientific sources have an incomparable role in the study of the literary environment of the period. To date, several works have been written about the history, scientific and literary environment of Termiz and Chaganiyan and its representatives. There are many current topics that are still unexplored and waiting for their researchers. Early historical and scientific studies of the history and cultural environment of Termiz were carried out by Arab and Persian scientists. It is noteworthy that such studies were carried out in the Middle Ages. The work "Hududu-l-olam minal-mashriqi ilal-maghrib" written by Ibn al-Fariqun is considered a valuable source for the history and cultural environment of the city of Termiz along with other famous cities of the world. It is not for nothing that the author describes Termiz as a "beautiful and prosperous city" in the work. In the work "Hududu-l-Olam" he describes the city of Termiz as follows: ترمذ شهریست خرم و بر لب رود جیحون افتاده و ااورا قهندزیست بر لب رود و این شهر بارگه ختالن و جغانیان استو از وی صابون نیک و بریای سبزو بادبیزن خیزد (Content: Termiz is a beautiful city, located near the Jayhun river, it has a fortress, the world-famous market of Khatlon and Chaganiyan people come here to trade).[5] It is known that Termiz was not only a center of culture, but also one of the major centers of trade and commerce of its time. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 45 www.americanjournal.org One of the important literary and historical sources of its time, "Safinai Tirmiz" tazikra is important. This work was written by Muhammad ibn Yagmur in the 8th Hijri-lunar century. It talks about the literary heritage and life of 115 poets. "Safina-e Tirmiz" due to the fact that the book was written in Termiz, and the life and legacy of Tamiziya figures were included.[6] The important aspect of the work is that the life and activities of poets who are not included in many prestigious tazkirs are included in this book. The work was researched and prepared for publication in 1396/2017 by Iranian Persian scholars Umid Sururi and Sayyid Baqir Abtahi. Another source is the Iranian Persian scholar Mehdi Bayani's work "Condition and work of Khoshnavisan" prepared in 6 volumes and published in Tehran in 1345/1966. The valuable aspect of the work is that the author gives an example of the life and work of figures who served in various fields of science, introduces the reader with a brief biography. During the reign of the Baburites, the ancestors of Sayyid Kashfi Termizi, Syed Nizamiddin Muhammad Masum Termizi, Fathi Termizi, and Syed Ali Termizi migrated to the lands of India and Pakistan. One of the important sources for studying the literary environment of Termiz and the life of the representatives is "Korvan-hind" by the famous Persian scholar Ahmad Gulchin Ma'ani[7] it is impossible not to mention his work. Because in the work there are major representatives of Termizi, who created in Akbar Shah's palace. It is worth noting that famous calligrapher Judiy Termizi, Mir Mansur Musawvir Termizi, Sayyid Hashim Termizi, etc. are mentioned in it. In the work "Torihi mukhtasari Ghor" written by Qazi Gavsuddin Mustamand Ghuri, the life and work of Vazir Termizi, one of the Termizian poets, is specially discussed. Muhammad Awfii Bukharai mentions that the minister Abu Bakr Termizi was the owner of the Diwan in his work "Lubobu-l-al- bab". This person lived around 586/1190 years and organized his Divan.[8] One of the significant works of his time, Shamsiddin Afloki's "Manoqibu-l-Arifin" talks about the life and activities of Termizi, one of the famous teachers of Jalaluddin Rumi, a Sufi scientist and commentator originally from Termiz, and the cultural and scientific environment of Termiz. In addition to these, Khoja Abdullah Ansoriny's "Tabaqatu-s-Sufiya", Hujviri's "Kashfu-l-Mahjub", Sayyid Nizamiddin Sayyid Mir Safa'i Termizi's "Tarihi Masumi", Abdulhamid Irani's "Padayishi khat wa hatoton", Fariduddin Attar's " "Tazkiratu-l-avliya", "Nafahotu-l-uns" by Abdurrahman Jami, "Tazkiratu-sh-shuaro" by Davlatshah Samrqandi, "Nashtari ishq" by Husaynqul Khan Azimabadi, "Muzakkiru-l-ahbab" by Khoja Hasan Nisari are also examples. can be brought. After the Arab conquest, the scientific and literary environment of Termiz developed to the extent that it became an example for the world in terms of the development of science. Before the development of poetry, the Islamic sciences were quite developed. The scientific research work of foreign researchers regarding the history, culture, and scientific and spiritual heritage of the representatives of Termiz is commendable. Moroccan Arabic scholar Khalid Zahri ..., German German scholar Berndt Rudolf Radtk's English translation and commentary of "Badv us-sha'n" and "Siirat ul-Avliya", critical text of "Siirat ul-Avliya" prepared for publication by B. Radtk (originally, in Arabic) and the one published in Beirut in 1992 is one of the notable works. A number of works have been carried out by our local scientists regarding the representatives of the history and scientific-literary environment of Termiz until today. The most important researches in this regard were carried out by Sayyid Mahmud Tarazi, Abdulghani Abdullah, U. Uvatov, I. Usmanov, J. Hamrokulov, A. Abdullaev, J. Chotmatov, S. Tursunov, J. Mirzaev, S. Azimov, B. Murtazoev, R. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 46 www.americanjournal.org Khalikova, Q. Joraev, J. Esanov, M. Ismailov and others have conducted scientific research on the termite figures that emerged from this area. About Termizi figures and their bebeaho heritage M. Kenjabek's book "Termiz Tazkira"[9] remarkable. Young scientists J. Chotmatov "The beautiful castles of Termiz or the history of Termiz"[10]. In his monograph, based on the main sources in Arabic and Persian, he summarized the important information about the figures of Termizi in a holistic way and presented them to the people with important analysis and conclusions. Among literary scholars, A. Adib Sabir Termizi's "Devon" prepared by Abdulloev and published by Iran's "Al-Huda" international publishing house is noteworthy.[11] Scientific research works such as "Life and creativity of Amirush-shuaro Muizzi" by Ramazon Abdullaev, a well-known literary critic, and "Devoni ashori parokanda" by Munjik Termizi serve to shed light on the unique features of the Termiz literary school. In these studies, the literary critic conducts a monographic research on Amir Muizzi and Munjik Termizi, who grew up in the literary environment of Chaganiyan and Termiz. Most importantly, for the first time, Munjik Termizi presents "Devoni" from Persian to the Krill alphabet, filled with introduction, research and comments. In studying the life and scientific heritage of the Termiz literary school and its representatives, Iranian literary scholars have much more work to do than other scholars. Researching the works of Ehsan Shavorib Muqaddam, Abbas Iqbal's "Devoni Amirush-shuaro Muizzi", they acknowledge that Termiz Movarounnahr was the cradle of knowledge and the land of scholars. The most mature representatives of the Termiz literary school are Adib Sabir Termizy and Munjik Termizy. The followers of these two generations are Abu Sayyid At-Tirmizi, Abu Bakr Umar al- Tirmizi, Adib Ismail At-Tirmizi (father of Adib Sabir At-Tirmizi), Qatron ibn Mansur Ajali At- Tirmizi, Ali ibn Adib Sabir ibn Adib Ismail At-Tirmizi - son of Adib Sabir, Jamaluddin Abu Bakr Khal at- At-Tirmizi, Najibuddin Abu Bakr at-Tirmizi al-Khattot, Anbari At-Tirmizi, Hakim Jalal At- Tirmizi, Siraji At-Tirmizi, Fathi At-Tirmizi, Jawhari At-Tirmizi, Muhammad ibn Momin at-Tirmizi, Sahibani Ali Hakim At-Tirmizi, Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar At-Tirmizi, Amir Sayyid Abdullah At-Tirmizi Termizi, Mir Abdullah; Termizi, Muhammad Salih bin Amir Abdullah Husayni Termizi, Mir Muhammadmumin al-Husaini al-Arshi bin Mir Abdullah Mushkinkalam Termizi, Mir Musawvir Termizi, Mir Syed Ali Termizi, Khwaja Samandar Termizi, Maulana Qudsi Termizi Majzub, Khanzoda Ali Termizi, Abu Abdullah Muhammadfazil binni Sayyid al-Tirmizi al-Akbarabadi, Mir Muhammad Ma'sum bin Sayyid Safai Husayni al-Tirmizi Bakari, Mir Muhammad Taqi Termizi, Abu Sayyid Termizi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad Termizi lived or went to Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and India with the influence of Termizi. did These are the evidences that the development of the Termiz literary school has influenced world literature. That is why the land of Termiz was able to raise and educate a mature poet, skilled calligrapher and scholar like Kashfi Termizi. Of course, in order for a scientist or a poet to flourish, it is necessary to have such an environment in this land. Just like the beginning of every result, the main reason why hundreds of Termizis and Chaghanis like Kashfi Termizi are born is the role of the spiritual environment and its representatives. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 47 www.americanjournal.org References المغرب. .1 المشرق و العالم من ,Ушбу китоб муаллифи бугунги кунга қадар номаълум бўлиб حدود ким томонидан ёзилгани ҳақида турли ихтилофлар мавжуд. Баъзи олимлар бу асарни Ибн ал-Фариқун номли араб тарихчиси ёзган деб тахмин қилишади. Бунинг учун қаранг: Ҳудуд ул-олам минал-машриқи илал-мағриб. 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