American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 29, | October - 2024 P a g e | 81 www.americanjournal.org GOTHIC TOURISM IN CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE'S PLAY "DR. FAUSTUS": AN APPROACH STUDY Athraa Abdul Bari Kadhim University of Kerbala- College of Tourism Telephone Number: +9647725626387 E-mail:adhraaabdalbari@gmail.com A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S Gothic tourism is a new type of tourism and a new concept that has recently been in the discipline of English literature, and it is a distinct form of tourism of special interest that focuses on knowledge of Gothic beauty. This study aims to examine and criticize the concept of Gothic tourism and verify its use in some of the selected texts in Christopher Marlowe's play "Dr. Faustus" This study tries to answer the following questions: 1-Is there Gothic tourism in Dr. Faustus play? 2-Does Gothic tourism reflect more positive or negative effects? 1-Finding out a new type of tourism of special interest in Christopher Marlowe's play "Dr. Faustus". 2-Searching on the subject of this tourism because it is little bit exiting and determining the extent of its impact. It is hypothesized that gothic tourism is conceived as a particular form of tourism and can be considered a form of literary tourism. It offers as a link between dark and literary tourism. Gothic Tourism, Christopher Marlowe's Play "Dr. Faustus", An Approach Study. Introduction 1. Gothic Tourism 1.1. The Concept of Gothic Tourism According to Duncan Light (2011:1) Gothic tourism is no different from other tourists, all tourists have something to distinguish them from others in particular Gothic tourism can be considered a form of dark or literary tourism. Bristow ( 2020,p.319_337) said Gothic tourism is characterized by excitement and fear resulting from sharing with other people and is a social experience Wallis (2018:p.2) referred to Mackvoy defined Gothic tourism as "the act of estate for the purposes of luxury" and this resulted from the emergence of Gothicism into the world of existence in the mid-18th century. Gothic tourism has different forms identified by scientists, including Gothic twisted tourism and Gothic heritage, which depends on the context of things to show the past in a different and specific way such as (the Duchess season) of the Tubek Castle. There is a friend of the Gothic family (in festivals) and American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 29 October - 2024 P a g e | 82 www.americanjournal.org Gothic is consumed in the municipal Gothic (Glastonbury Festivals) in (Shozam Circus and magic festivals),(bidi). It came out to put people at the heart of the event, Gothic constantly disrupts or covers temporal limits to reinforce the strangeness of its impact on fictional calculations in the nineteenth century.(bidi). Wallis (2018:p.3) explained that Gothic tourism has great locations on its tour of Gothic English, and here is what creates questions among visitors that result in more exploration and work. 1.2. Gothic Literature The term gothic arises with ornate architecture created by Germanic tribes called Gothic. It was later expanded to include most of the medieval architecture style. This ornate and complex style of this type of architecture has proven to be the perfect backdrop for both physical and psychological modes in a new literary style, one that is concerned with in-depth tales of mystery, suspense and superstition. Burgess (2022:p.1) points out in V.C., Andre's authors that the rise of the Gothic period was closely related to romance, in the years 1840-1664 and its influence continues to this day. Nasser Matian (2011:p.2) defined Gothic literature as nothing but a book that uses a dark and picturesque scene and amazing narrative tools, creating an atmosphere of fear, horror, strangeness and mystery. Most Gothic novels occur in or around old houses containing ancient secrets or frightening and dangerous events. 1.3. Gothic literature is associated with an arts Gothic art, painting, sculpture and distinctive architecture are two great international eras that flourished in Western and Central Europe during the Middle Ages. The development of Gothic art from Romanesque art lasted from the mid-12th century to the late sixteenth century. 1-Gothic and modern art: Alcala (2019:p.70_159 )stated that some artists were expressing themselves through Gothic aesthetic elements and that the use of abstract and symbolic objects in modern art such as (apartments of lines and clear polished refers to the present and the future) because they reinforce the absence of dark things that can prevent us repeatedly from escaping and forgetting the past in Gothic creativity. 2_Gothic and photography: According to Annon (2019:p.186-171)that "William Fox Talbot Photograph was created in 1839 only a few months after the first negative artistic image, the ghost of the girls." Fox Talbot clearly chose this title to draw people's attention to the image and show them that this revolution of the tired trees leaves branch that is on dark and dark washed from existing moments, as it provoked a more responsive fatigue, and that visual perception and intuition has a great impact on uncovering the invisible facts in the photograph. 3.Gothic poetry and grave: Eric (2019:245_228) says "The hair of the cemetery is the style of worshipping poetry" Emotional imagination is used in the design of its brand of sadness from poetry to simplify meditation on death and other life. This genre was popular in the eighteenth century, specifically for novels that repel basic American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 29 October - 2024 P a g e | 83 www.americanjournal.org gothic Horace and Paul where Otranto castle draws direct and light attention to its fictional places, cemetery and dark night manuscripts 4. Gothic and contemporary music: Elferen (2019:p.242-229 ) claims The dark character of Gothic in music We must rely on our ears and listen to things because they put us in dark places like cemeteries and cupboards. People must be self- conscious. 5. Gothic and sculpture: Peter N(2019:p. 88-69) pointed out that sculpture is the most artistic form ever discovered, as the category of Gothic sculpture and what it contains depends on meanings filled by Gothic and raises the word Gothic to denote what it now refers to the name of the Middle Region, according to the eighteenth century. 1.4. Gothic tourism attractions "Few cities in Britain lack Gothic tourism sites," Tousand said 2014 as the United Kingdom has 38 towns and a ghostly walks, Gothic tourism sites give their visitors a different and distinctive experience through walking tours and focus on urban natural tourist attractions although the term Gothic is rarely used to be able to promote the durability of Agarwal (2017p.1) As explained in McEvoy 2016.p.6, Gothic tourism in Ma Savoy's specific place is different from other forms of tourism in many ways in terms of type, social issue, location and impact. 2. Gothic and magic Gothic fiction, Gothic talk, Gothic themes, motifs, imagination, metaphors and existing texts are particularly interested in the recycling of traditional Gothic creatures (monster, vampire, zombies) with some ways in which Gothic history rearranges itself and with how the complexities of the Gothic text appear other focus. 2.1. Preventive and empowering magic Coulm (2017:p.101-17) remarks there has always been a link between Gothic and witchcraft, relying on figures and figures working in the field of sorcery and witchcraft to enable them to work in evil by deluding them to take places of power and keep themselves from doing anything wrong, represented in the story of Eddiclay of sigrdrifa, one of the pieces of the Roniflag"The use or statement of victory seems to describe a clear description of the multiplier settlement of runes, that is, its use to create a magic sword". 2.2. Gothic Magic in everyday life Mitchell (2011:p.73_41) claims opinions differ on the subject of "There are no primitive peoples without religion and magic" in the scientific debate about the function of magic and there is also a difference about the universal spiritual life over religion, magic, etc. in that it represents an area in which humans share similar and common tools and motives for their desire to manipulate and change future events throughout time and space, where practitioners of magic are seen as an evolutionary field American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 29 October - 2024 P a g e | 84 www.americanjournal.org or pattern that makes a shift in their lives and in human history and believe that continuing to practice moves them from magic to Gothic. 2.3. Gothic diseases as a means of horror in Gothic literature Dr.Hoing (2020:p.573_569),points 0uts the most common in popular culture is its use of skin cases to show or show personality deviation. This is evident in Gothic literature in order to scare the reader and also use dark and unusual supernatural themes. Examples of famous figures from Gothic literature are Frankenstein's deception of the beast with jaundice in the skin and Dracula with throbate, a clear scar or polio. The use of such skin diseases is only a reflection of the same personalities and that they do not exist in real life and beyond the limits of normal life. 2.4. Gothic Fantasy and Sensation Martin(2011:p1) states Gothic fiction: The development of the Gothic style of art and architecture in the medieval period, where it was called Gothic because it used numbers and conferences. The emergence of Gothic fiction in the late eighteenth century was represented in the form of a subgenus in the larger field of the novel. The first time started by Horace Walpole with Otranto Castle (1744) and Bartories such as The Secrets of Odolfo by Anne Radcliffe (1794) have reached the peak of their popularity. Pagan men were strong men and ruthless aristocrat and the heroine was solely responsible for her fate in some Gothic novels. Gothic novels usually spoke or revolved in graves or large houses, castles containing corridors and secret corridors containing tools of terror. These novels are often contained on stories of torture and repression and revolve around issues of forced marriage and physical violence. 2.5. The Imagination of Feeling A literary genre branching from Gothic literature in the 1860s and seventies and reaching the peak of its popularity uses the imagination of the Gothic novel tools and puts them in an English environment. Thus, it is considered a domesticated Gothic feeling and also one of the obvious things in which women suffer at the hands of men (i.e. their husbands). in conspiracies, madness takes a big space that plays an important role through Konna takes free asylum in the place of closed rooms and cells and drug use and addiction are replaced in the place of torture and physicalcruelty.(ibid). 3. Data Analysis In this play, Doctor Faustus is hesitant. To some extent, he realizes that he is in a dilemma. He wants to repent with pages of conscience, however, he cannot. The two angels appear, the good and the evil. The former states that there is still a time to confess his repentance. While the latter deceives him saying that time is over. There is no opportunity to do so. The evil angel also promises him of getting what he is looking for. This current act shows the way of buying one's life for nothing. Doctor Faustus signs a contract with the all-evil deeds. Mephistopheles, the devil, stats to warns him not to mention anything concerning God and Heaven. The only thing to think about is the Hell. "MEPHIST. All move from east to west in four-and-twenty hours upon the poles of the world; but differ in their motions upon the poles of the zodiac." American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 29 October - 2024 P a g e | 85 www.americanjournal.org Analysis With determination, Doctor Faustus insists on practicing black magic. He never feels regret. He is eager to see more and more. He lives in a false pleasure. This happiness is superficial. It lasts for a short time. He wants rails against the limits of human knowledge. The fluctuation between good and bas is so obvious in this act. Regardless of all principles, Doctor Faustus' dream is to control over the world. Actually, he is a dreamy man. His inner selfishness and superego do not allow him to live a satisfied life. Once singing a bond with the demonic orientation, he lacks peace of mind. According to the laws of black magic, Doctor Faustus cannot have a wife. Here, he realizes that he is so far of Heaven. There is a struggle of man and his unhappy fate. The presence of the seven deadly sins, namely; envy, wrath, pride, sloth, lechery, gluttony and covetousness, is a foreshadowing for what may happen the next acts. All these damn sins will be applied in Doctor Faustus character, Doctor Faustus has got enough knowledge of magic. To make funnies, he practices some demonic tricks with the pop of Roma. He appears as anti-church. Doctor Faustus has become a different person. All the evil engendered in his personality. His long trip makes him feels pleasure. Doctor Faustus has become against the church and religion. He appears invisibly using magic so as to confirm his priority over overs. On the contrary, from one time to another, he blames himself. This sense is no longer to disappear with Mephistopheles' temptation. Putting everything aside, one can notice the downfall of Dr. Faustus and his vain desires. The bad dimension overcomes the good ones. It is clear that there is a huge discrimination between cultivate and illiterate people at that time. Marlow shows the duality in the each character. Having double faces is the main problem of that period. Doctor Faustus follows blindly his inner pursues. Actually, he misunderstood himself and his status as well. Psychologically, Dr. Faustus' character can be analyzed, in this particular act, as someone who is missing something. Comparing himself with others is the main cause behind doing such bad deeds. He is a man of science and there is no place for comparison. However, his feeling of boredom and despair instigates him to do so. He is shuffling in misery from bad to worse. The images of the Pop, the church and the ceremonies stand for the standard of life. These elements are the criterion of balancing one's life. Dr. Faustus' degradation to the Hell and the temptations of the devils depict the destruction of the society as a whole. There is no room for the non-existence world. Logic should take its vital role. "All things that move between the quiet poles Shall be at my command: emperors and kings. Are but obeyed in their several provinces;" Analysis Dr. Faustus travels to England where he sells an enchanted horse to a horse dealer when the man rides his new horse over the water, turns into a straw ball, the Duke of Vanholt hears about it and invites Faust to visit him and his wife the Duchess. The horse dealer, along with Robin and Ravi, appeared vowing to draw and Faustus cast a spell of silence at them so they could not talk about his mistakes, sending them on their way, entertaining the Duke and Duchess of Vanholt. Mifstophiles then took Faustus on a journey by a wild carriage across the sky, landing in Rome, where Faustus tortured Pope Adrian for judging the rival pope by making himself invisible, stealing Pope Adrian’s food and beating his ears. Famous for this and invited to visit German Emperor Charles V, the enemy of Pope Adrian Faustus impressed the emperor by evoking the image of Alexander the American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 29 October - 2024 P a g e | 86 www.americanjournal.org Great. One of the Knights of Emperors mocks Faust's magical powers and is punished by Faustus by making horns sprout from his head. The concept of Gothic tourism is interesting because of the atmosphere of the tourist's excitement and fear, and Gothic tourism is a distinctive literary form and a kind of different types of tourism and distinguished by its places consisting of castles, caves, places of war and others. This type of tourism is increasingly widespread in cities and Western countries around the world, and despite its distinctiveness, it has negative effects that cannot be overlooked, some of its visitors resort to it by going to dangerous and frightening places that leave in them bad repercussions or working in magic, sorcery and self-harm. Tourism does not mean in its general sense not only moving from one place to another, but it may be moving to the lower places, as it was in the novel and play of Dr. Faustus when he wanted to gain a lot of science and knowledge, led him to an inevitable and tragic end. Promoters or supporters of this type of tourism should be careful not to take it seriously and work in Gothic novels and plays and treat them as a literary form and invest and develop them in the right ways that serve everyone positively. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations 4.1 Conclusions The study comes up with the following conclusions 1_ Gothic tourism in Dr. Faustus' Play is considered problematic. This is due to the topics discussed which are out of the normal etiquette of tourism. 2_ In the light of the data selected, it is found that Dr. Faustus who performs this kind of tourism is not able to come back. This means that this sort of tourism is one- way. 3_ Tourism does not have to always be positive, sometimes negative or from bad to worse. 4_Despite being dangerous, it attracts some people to practice it. 5_By imagining characters and events, the reader also builds a place where imagination overlays physical space. 4.2 Recommendations 1_To be more comprehensive studies on this tourism in the future. 2_Activating literary tourism in order to establish a link between literary works and the tourism industry. 3_ Give this type of tourism a chance in the coming time and look for it further 4_Not exploiting it badly hurts her identities and practitioners. References 1. Adam Burgess, online article, Literature and Goths, 2022, https://eferrit.com/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8- %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A/ 2. Agarwal, S. (2017), Heritage, Screen and Literary Tourism, Channel View, Bristol. 3. Ashworth, G.J. and Isaac, R.K. 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