American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 31, | December - 2024 P a g e | 1 www.americanjournal.org THE ACTIVITY OF MARYAM SULTONMURODOVA (1905-1971) AN UZBEK JADID WOMAN Tilavova Shahnoza Salohitdinovna Doctoral Student of Bukhara State University Teacher of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute Email: tilavovashahnoza249@gmail.com Tel: +998912477905 A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In the 20s of the 20th century, a group of talented young people were sent to study in Germany at the initiative of the Jadids in the Turkestan region. Talented girls were among the students sent to study abroad, who aimed to acquire deep, modern knowledge, contribute to the development of their country, and gain a worthy place in society. One of such progressive women is Maryam Sultanmuradova, who has a high potential and is educated. This article provides information about her life, activities, and her role in the Turkestan reform movement. Jaddism, national personnel, abroad, education, press, “Ko‘mak” organization, development, “Guliston”, “Yorqin turmush”, editorial, repression. Introduction One of the modern women who played an important role in the development movement in the Turkestan region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was Maryam Sultanmuradova was devoted. In this article, information about Maryam Sultanmuradova’s life, activities and fate in Germany will be covered. In the article, literary scholars Sherali Turdiyev, Khalida Ahrorova, historians Bahrom Irzayev, Naim Karimov studied the activities of students who went to study abroad, and their monograph articles and articles of modern progressives were used. Discussion It is known that important political events and changes in foreign countries that had a significant impact on the socio-political and cultural life of the Turkestan region at the beginning of the 20th century and the changes in foreign countries sent talented young people to study abroad. served as an impetus in the formation of his idea. The main goal of this was to study the experience of developed countries, apply it to practical life, reform various sectors of society and lead the country to the path of modern development. Also, there was a need for talented national personnel who would serve the development of the newly established Turkestan ASSR, Bukhara and Khorezm republics in the region. For this reason, the Council of the Uzbek Board of Education of the Republic of Turkestan considered this urgent issue at its meeting on April 13, 1921, and the first Uzbek linguist, Professor Ghazi Olim Yunusov gave a speech and gave examples of the activities of developed foreign countries in his speech. brings and invites talented young people of the nation to study in Germany and other countries American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 31 December- 2024 P a g e | 2 www.americanjournal.org of the West and learn their experience. At the council, the Turkestan Education Commissariat decided to send about 10 young Uzbeks and Kazakhs to study in Germany at its own expense. The issue of sending students abroad, especially to Germany, began to be raised on a national scale. In the middle of 1922-2011, a number of young people from Bukhara were sent to study in Germany [3. B.113]. “Ko‘mak” organization, founded by Jadids on May 2, 1922, to bring out talented young people in the region of Turkestan, to support them economically and spiritually for their studies abroad [4. B. 57] also played an important role. Talented girls were among the students sent to study in Germany. Maryam Sultanmuradova, who aims to serve the country's development, stands out among these girls. Uzbek progressive woman Maryam Sultanmuradova Jumaniozovna was born on February 13, 1905 in the city of Khiva. His father, Jumanyoz Sultanmurodov, was one of the progressive people and worked as a leader in Khorezm People’s Republic. In 1911, he sent his daughter Maryam to a new-style Nogai (Tatar) school in Urganch. After studying there for five years, Maryam continued her education at the Jadid school in Tortkol because her family moved. After that, he studied at the gymnasium of the educational school in Tashkent, and then entered the Orenburg Tatar Pedagogical Institute for higher education. In the meantime, he worked in the literary field, returned to Tashkent in 1922, and applied to the Faculty of Labor of the Central Asian State University [4. B.6]. In October 1922, Maryam Sultanmuradova was included in the ranks of students sent to study in Germany by the government of Bukhara and was sent to study in Germany in October 1922 [3. B. 113]. One of the students, Sattar Jabbor (the first Uzbek chemist) under the pseudonym “Ertoy”, wrote in a letter about the first two years of their studies, that they were well received by German families and did not spare their efforts to help them learn the language. In the letter, along with Maryam Khan, the names of Khairinisa and Saida Khan are also mentioned, and he writes that despite the obstacles, they are studying and studying abroad. Maryam Sultanmuradova is living in economic difficulties and calls on the leaders of the Republic of Khorezm to provide financial support to the girl who aims to study for the future of the nation. This letter was published in the Turkistan newspaper on September 2, 1924. (5. B.94-95). Results Also, Maryam Sultanmurodova studied at Darmstadt Higher Seminary in Germany: Pedagogical School in 1924-1926. In 1926-1927, he did an internship at the “Fraunshulle” school in Potsdam, near Berlin. In the fall of 1927, Maryam graduated from the six-month nursing course of Professor Finkelstein in the Wedding district of Berlin, and returned to her homeland in 1928 [6. B. 6]. According to Sherali Turdiyev’s research, after returning to her homeland, she first became the head of the educational department at the Communist University in the Old City of Tashkent, and then, from 1935, she began working in the magazine “Guliston” together with the leading Uzbek female journalists of that time, such as Sobira Khaldorova, Tajikhon Shodieva, Saodat Shamsieva [ 2. B. 107]. In 1937, he worked as a literary employee in the publishing house of the magazine “Yorqin turmush” (1. B. 134). He writes many stories and short stories about the past and present life of Uzbek women. publishes articles about the great figures of Russian and German classical literature A.S. Pushkin, I.V. Goethe [2. B.107]. However, the repressive machine of the Soviet government in 1937-1938 did not leave Maryam alone. On September 13, 1937, she and her daughter Anora were sentenced to prison for being a member of the “Turkestan” espionage organization. He was interrogated from September to December 20, 1937 and sentenced to 10 years in prison on the charges of “Enemy of the people, like a German spy” (1. B.140-142). After serving the prison term, he was imprisoned again in 1949 [6. B. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 31 December- 2024 P a g e | 3 www.americanjournal.org 108]. He was in exile in Krasnoyarsk between 1949 and 1954 [5. B.6]. Although Maryam Sultanmurodova was acquitted by the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on August 2, 1957, she does not see the light of day. Incessant persecution does not stop, he cannot practice his beloved field of journalism, and he is also prevented from reading the press pages [5. B. 6]. The conclusion is that Maryam Sultanmuradova was one of the progressive women who contributed to the freedom of the motherland and the development of the country, encouraged women to learn in her time, and became an example, learned the secrets of science, and contributed to the development of her country. He took an active part in the Jadidist movement in Turkestan and boldly started to realize his dreams. He acquired enough religious and worldly knowledge and began to serve his people diligently. A through study of his activities is one of the important issues facing historians. REFERENCES: 1. Аҳророва Холида. Изларини излайман. (Истиқлол фидоийлари). — Тошкент: “Шарқ” нашриёт-матбаа концерни бош таҳририяти 1998. — Б. 134-142. 2. Турдиев Шерали. Улар Германияда ўқиган эдилар. - Т.: “Академ— Хизмат”2006. Б.107-116. 3. Турдиев Шерали. Германияда ўқишга борган талабалар ва уларнинг кейинги тақдири // Тарихнинг номалум саҳифалари. Илмий мақолалар, ҳужжат ва материаллар, хотиралар. 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