American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 32, | January - 2025 P a g e | 69 www.americanjournal.org PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE OF VILLAGES OF SURKHANDARYA REGION Mirzayev Khusniddin Kholmuminovich, Deputy Director for Youth Work, Termez City Vocational School, Surkhandarya Region, Freelance Researcher, Termez State University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article analyzes the production infrastructure of the villages of Surkhandarya region, its condition and development prospects. The author studies the importance of the agricultural, industrial, transport and energy sectors in rural areas and makes proposals for increasing their efficiency. The article also covers the impact of the development of production infrastructure on employment, sources of income and economic well-being of the rural population. The results of the study include scientific and practical recommendations for the further development of production infrastructure in the region. Surkhandarya region, rural infrastructure, production sectors, agriculture, industry, transport, energy, economic development. Introduction Production infrastructure is an important factor in the economic development of rural areas, ensuring the effective functioning of the agricultural, industrial, transport and energy sectors. Surkhandarya region is one of the regions characterized by its natural and geographical conditions and economic potential, and the development of production infrastructure in its rural areas has a direct impact on the economic growth of the region and the improvement of the living standards of the population. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the years of independence, farms and the cluster system in Uzbekistan served to develop rural infrastructure and provide employment to the population living in rural areas. As a result of the consistent implementation of the privatization policy in agriculture in the Republic in the early years of independence, farms and peasant farms became the mainstay of rural socio- economic and cultural life. A thorough analysis of the development of economic relations and the system of management organization in the countryside showed the need for their fundamental revision. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On further improving the activities of farms and supporting the activities of businessmen of the republic”, adopted on November 29, 1991, was a logical continuation of these changes[1]. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Further Strengthening Dehkan Farms and State Support for Entrepreneurship” of December 21, 1991 American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 32 January- 2025 P a g e | 70 www.americanjournal.org and the Law “On Dehkan Farming” adopted by the Supreme Council in 1992 made it possible to develop the agricultural sector in accordance with the requirements of a market economy. Over the past years, the government has paid special attention to the development of farming, providing both economic and legal support. First of all, when we think of agriculture, we think of land, its ownership, planting, caring for it, harvesting and providing the population with abundant food products. In 1994, the number of dehkan farms in the Surkhandarya region increased by 1.9 times and amounted to 25 thousand at the end of the year. Of these, 10 thousand farms specialized in livestock breeding. The total area of arable land owned by farms increased by 2.7 in 1994 compared to 1993[2]. In order to reorganize management structures in the countryside, it was necessary, first of all, to have a cooperative that would unite farms and serve them, provide guidance and assistance in matters of material and technical support, machinery, and agrochemical services. Farms were to function as the basis for organizing agricultural production. For their effective operation, it became a basic rule that there should be a wide-spread, well-served infrastructure - agrofirms, machine-tractor parks, repair shops, preparation points, small enterprises processing agricultural products, etc. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-1978 “On the Program for Deepening Economic Reforms in Agriculture for 1998-2000”[3] adopted on March 18, 1998, and the Law “On Farming” in a new edition adopted at the XI session of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on April 30, 1998, played an important role in the development of agriculture in our republic. These documents determined the legal status of farms in Uzbekistan. The number of businessmen and entrepreneurs, farms increased, including 791 farms established in 2005, which became the main link in agriculture. The economic potential of the district has increased year by year, including: at the end of 2005, the cash income from grain amounted to 2 billion 779 million soums, and the net profit amounted to 460 million 900 thousand soums, with a profitability level of 20%. In particular: the "Ishonch" farm belonging to the J. Khojamiyorov Farmers' Association at the end of 2005 produced 65 centners of grain from 32 hectares of grain area, and the "Boronbobo oglu" farm produced 60 centners from 151 hectares of grain area, fulfilling the production plan of 845 tons[4]. The agriculture of Surkhandarya region underwent a process of significant changes in 2000-2005[5]. During these years, as a result of improved land reclamation work, the repair of irrigation facilities, and the modernization of outdated water pumping stations in the region, the size of irrigated land increased. According to data from 2001, the total arable land at the disposal of agricultural organizations and farmers in Surkhandarya region was 239,526 hectares, while by 2003 this figure had reached 246,147 hectares [6]. In another important process of the second stage of reforms in farming in Uzbekistan, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 3077 dated October 6, 2008 “On the establishment of a Special Commission for the development of proposals on measures to optimize the size of land plots managed by farms”, a complete inventory of all land plots and measures to optimize the land plots of farms based on a critical assessment of their activities were implemented. In 2017, the volume of agricultural products produced (services provided) by farms amounted to 1895.8 billion soums, or 106.5 percent compared to 2016. The share of farms in the total volume of agricultural products was 30.0 percent. As of January 1, 2018, farms had 45,000 heads of cattle, including 15,300 cows, 364,900 sheep and goats, 2,605 horses, and 329,200 poultry[7]. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 32 January- 2025 P a g e | 71 www.americanjournal.org In January-March 2018, the volume of agricultural products produced (services provided) by farms in Surkhandarya region amounted to 91.8 billion soums, or 102.5 percent compared to the same period in 2017. The share of farms in the total volume of agricultural products was 12.2 percent[8]. Cluster farms have played a significant role in the development of agriculture in Surkhandarya region. In order to develop the cluster system in the new conditions, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5708 “On measures to improve the state administration system in the agricultural sector” dated April 17, 2019 was adopted[9]. This Decree identified “implementation of measures for the widespread introduction of the cluster model of agribusiness, improvement of the organizational, legal and economic framework of the clustering process, assistance in the implementation of investment projects for the organization and development of clusters in agricultural sectors” as one of the important tasks. This indicates the urgency of finding scientific and methodological solutions to regulatory, legal, organizational, technological, financial, economic and other issues related to the formation of clusters [10]. The creation of new jobs for the rural population was considered one of the most important tasks of the second stage. In recent years, much work has been done to relocate industry to rural areas, open small enterprises, create processing and auxiliary industries. But most of this was due to the fact that entrepreneurs in the countryside themselves ran into a thousand obstacles and burned themselves. In this regard, it was necessary to highlight the role of the regional departments of labor, employment and social protection of the population. The agro-industrial complex carries out tasks such as the production and processing of agricultural products, and the supply of agricultural products to the population. The agro-industrial complex includes the following sectors: Sector 1. The sector that produces means of production for the sectors (systems) of the agro-industrial complex. This sector includes machine building, which produces machines, tractors, combines, machine tools, and working machines for the agro-industrial complex, the chemical industry, which produces mineral fertilizers and chemicals, enterprises that produce compound feed for livestock, and specialized enterprises that produce medicines for agricultural crops and livestock. Sector 2. Agriculture itself. This sector forms the basis, the core of the agro-industrial complex, and the sectors included in other sectors of the complex operate mainly on the basis of the products of this sector or provide services. Agriculture, in turn, is divided into crop and livestock sectors. In addition, the second sector of the agro-industrial complex includes apiculture, beekeeping, partly forestry (growing natural food and medicinal plants) and fishing. Sector 3. It consists of a set of sectors that prepare, process and deliver finished products to consumers. Cotton factories, meat and dairy factories, fruit juice factories, oil and fat factories, wool, hemp, cocoon processing plants, enterprises that store agricultural products or products obtained as a result of their processing, and enterprises engaged in the sale of agricultural products are part of this sector. Since Surkhandarya region specializes mainly in cotton cultivation, the cotton ginning industry has a special place in the oasis. During the years of independence, new cotton ginning plants were built and commissioned in Surkhandarya. One of the largest cotton ginning plants in our region is “Khairabadpakhta” JSC. The enterprise currently produces products such as cotton fiber, seeds, and cotton wool. It has a production capacity of more than 90-100 tons of high-quality fiber per day. The installation of two “UXK” batteries for cleaning cotton from small and large impurities, “DPZ-180” American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 32 January- 2025 P a g e | 72 www.americanjournal.org units operating with high efficiency in the ginning shop, and “DP-82-37” cotton ginning equipment imported from Ukraine have served to increase productivity and quality[11]. In accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, starting from August 1, 2001, wages, stipends and social benefits increased by 1.4 times, and in order to protect the social and economic interests of factory workers in the process of transition to a market economy, a number of works were carried out at “Khairabadpakhta” JSC[12]. Starting from August 1, 2001, the minimum wage at the enterprise was set at 5,000 soums, and the workers’ food allowance was set at 350,000 soums. Financial assistance was provided to low-income families and workers for funerals and weddings. This amount ranged from 10,000 to 15,000 soums, and additional payments were made for work on weekends [13]. CONCLUSION The privatization process in agriculture, which led to the emergence of the farmer and cluster system, in turn, had an impact on social life in villages. As a result of the development of employer-employee relations in the private sector, unemployment was partially reduced, and the wide spread of entrepreneurship was of great importance in raising the socio-cultural sphere of villages to a higher level. REFERENCES: 1. New economic and legal relations were introduced in agriculture during the years of independence. //Farmer's Journal, 2016. September. No. 9, p. 10. 2. Surkhandarya Regional Administration. Main Department of Economics and Statistics. First book. –Termez, 1996. –P. 1-17. 3. Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1998, No. 4, article 59. 4. Surkhandarya Regional Administration. Main Department of Economics and Statistics, second book, -Termez. 2010. 26. p. 5. Materials of the current archive of the Surkhandarya Regional Administration: Materials of the session of the Surkhandarya Regional Council of People's Deputies. January 26, 2006. –P. 4. 6. Surkhandarya Regional Administration Main Department of Economics and Statistics. Second book. –Termez, 2010. –P. 9. 7. Statistical bulletin of Surkhandarya region. January-December 2017. pp. 16-17. 8. Statistical bulletin of Surkhandarya region. January-March 2018. p. 17. 9. National database of legislative documents, 18.04.2019, No. 06/19/5708/2962. 10. Development of the cluster system in agriculture: experiences, results and promising directions. Materials of the Republican scientific and practical conference. May 24, 2019: - Bukhara: "Sadriddin Salim Bukhariy" Durdona Publishing House, 2019. –P. 3. 11. Denov District State Archive, M. 711- Fund, 1- List, 5-Iss, 19-Sheet. 12. Denov District State Archive, M. 711- Fund, 1- List, 5-Iss, 20-Sheet. 13. Denov District State Archive, M. 711- Fund, 1- List, 5-Iss, 4-Sheet.