American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 7, | Dec., 2022 P a g e | 71 www.americanjournal.org FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE POPULATION IN THE FERGANA VALLEY IN THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE Elyor Abdullajonovich Rahmonov, Kokan State Pedagogical Institute Teacher of the "History" department. elyor.rahmonov.84@yandex.com A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article focuses on the unique demographic situation of the population of Fergana Valley, and provides information on the impact of demographic processes such as population growth, birth, death, marriage, divorce on the socio-economic situation of the valley regions. demographic kўrsatkich, demographic ўzgarish, migration harakat, urbanization, “demographic barkarorlik”, aholi bandligi darazhasi, uy-zhoy muammosi.. In recent years, large-scale reforms have been carried out in Uzbekistan to improve the system of social protection and provision of social services. In particular, during the period of new reforms starting in 2017, completely new procedures such as "Iron Book", "Youth Book", "Women's Book" were introduced and the mechanism of providing social assistance to the population was simplified. Special attention is being paid to socio-economic development and wide implementation of entrepreneurship among the population in order to increase the employment and income of the population, to further strengthen the social support of the population in the regions of the Fergana Valley. Because "Economic development and social protection are interrelated concepts that cannot be imagined separately." In this regard, special attention is paid not only to the social protection system in our country, but also to the economic factors that provide its stable foundation. As in every country, in the first years of independence in Uzbekistan, it was important to pay special attention to the human factor in the implementation of extensive economic reforms. Demographic processes such as population growth, birth, death, marriage, divorce have followed their own path in all periods. Because the socio-economic and political development of any country is related to its geographical location, natural conditions, various resources, as well as demographic changes. Also, in the years of independence, in the period of reforming the society of Uzbekistan in all aspects, taking into account the demographic situation, population dynamics and its structure, the formation and appropriate distribution of labor resources in the regions, and the level of their employment in the economy are important factors. From these reasons, it is clear that the demographic process in the country has a unique complex character, which has been formed and developed historically. For example, in 1991, the population of the republic was 20,607.7 million. people, in 2011 28453.8 mln. people, in 2016 32120.5 mln. person [2. -B.17], and by 2020, 34.23 million. organized a person. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 72 www.americanjournal.org After the initial difficulties on the threshold of independence, the country began to achieve economic stability. And as a result of this, although slowly, the standard of living of the population changed in a positive direction, the income of families increased, their material conditions improved, and "demographic stability" was achieved in 2005[2.-B.49]. Analyzing population dynamics and their composition in the Ferghana Valley, which has its own demographic characteristics and is one of the densely populated areas in the country, is considered to be of particular importance. Because this land has occupied high places in the republic in terms of wealth of labor resources and large population. From the first period of independence to the present time, the number of rural population and natural increase has been high compared to urban population. According to the sources, the population of rural areas increased by 32.2% and urban population by 19.2% in 1991 alone. Also, during the years 2000- 2005, while the urban population increased by 1 million, the population of villages increased by 4.4 million [5.-B.15]. The main reason for this was the small population of cities compared to villages and their activity in migration processes. As a result of the reforms implemented in the republic in recent years, in particular, the number of cities is increasing, as a result of extensive creative work on increasing the number of cities and fundamentally reforming the existing infrastructure. Urbanization processes have increased significantly in them, and in 2016, 50.6% of the total population of the republic was in cities, and 49.4% in villages [6.-B.21]. One of the main reasons why the valley regions fell into a difficult situation from the demographic point of view was that almost 30 percent of the population of the republic is concentrated in Andijan, Ferghana, and Namangan regions, which occupy about 4 percent of the total land area of the republic [1.-B.99]. Because the density of the population in the region, the large number of children in the families, the slowness of the migration movement had a negative impact on the socio-economic development. Therefore, it is important to properly assess the socio-economic development and demographic processes of the Ferghana Valley, to pay attention to the increase in the level of employment of the population that occurs in the regions. At the same time, when analyzing the demographic situation in Fergana region, it became clear that the population of the region has been growing steadily in recent years. According to archive data, the population of Fergana region as of January 1, 2010 is 3 million. 48.7 thousand, and labor resources 1 million. 720.1 thousand people [7. List 25, Volume 1, Sheet 52]. And it can be observed that this situation has progressed and the population of the region has increased. For example, according to the statistical information of Fergana region, as of January 1, 2014, the permanent population of the region was 3,445,300 people, and since the beginning of the year, it has increased by 58,800 people or 1.7%, and the natural population growth is 59,500 people. did [4.-B.30]. In 2017, the demographic situation in Fergana region continued its steady growth. As of January 1, 2018, the total number of permanent residents of the region was 3,620.1 thousand people, which increased by 55.3 thousand people or 1.6 percent since the beginning of 2016 [3.-B.57]. It can be seen that in this year the urban population was more than the rural population. Fergana Valley is one of the most urbanized regions in the Republic of Uzbekistan, 61.2% of the total population lives in cities, and this situation is 32.3% of the total urban population in the whole American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 73 www.americanjournal.org country[8.-B.160]. In this case, the number of urban residents was 52.5% in Andijan region, 57.0% in Fergana region, and 63.4% in Namangan region[9.-B.66]. Also, the Fergana Valley is considered the most densely populated region in the republic, and in the period under study, the average birth rate in the region was 23.1%, the fourth place among the regions of the republic, and the average rate of natural reproduction was the fifth place with 18.2% [6.-B.25 ]. Namangan region has the highest rate of population growth with 3.78%, Fergana region has the lowest rate with 2.85%. At the same time, in 1990-2000, the population of Namangan region increased by 4.25%, while the population of Fergana region increased by 2.0%. These different situations are related to the national structure of the population, external migration and urbanization [9.-B.40]. In recent years, along with the increase in the population of the Republic, the population density in its territories is also increasing. In conclusion, the Fergana Valley is one of the most densely populated regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which has created a unique demographic situation. In the early years of independence, as in all regions of the country, the population of the valley regions was small, and over the years its weight has steadily increased. In the years of independence, significant changes in demographic indicators occurred in the population of the valley regions. This was reflected in the birth and death rates, the national composition of the population, and the norms of socio-economic development. Used Literature and Sources 1. Rakhmatullaev Sh. "Processes of economic transformation in the cities of the Fergana Valley (1991-1996)". - T., "Target publisher", 2017. 2. Tojieva N.Z. Demographic processes and their territorial characteristics in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Geography sciences PhD (DSc) ... diss . abstract - Tashkent , 2017. 3. Statistical bulletin of Fergana region. 2017 year January - December .– Fergana 2017. 4. Statistical bulletin of Fergana region. January-December 2014.–Fergana 2014. 5. Yusupova S.N. Demographic processes in Uzbekistan and their impact on inter-ethnic relations (1991-2016 in the case of Andijan, Namangan and Fergana regions) (PhD) ...diss. abstract - Andijan. 2019. 6. Demographic annual collection of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 2017. 7. UZR PDA Ferghana region department, fund 2048 . 8. Qayumov A.A., Yakubov O.Sh., Abdullaev A.G. Basics of population geography and demography.-T., Science and technologies. 2011. 9. Kadyrov R.B. Population and labor resources of Fergana region.-T., "Navro'z", 2016. 10. Elyor Abdullajonovich Rahmonov and Mukhsin Moydinovich Kholmatov. "THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING THE POPULATION WITH HOUSING IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN UZBEKISTAN. (In the case of the Fergana Valley, 2016-2020)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429 11.10 (2022): 346-350. 11. Rahmonov E.A., Kholmatov M. M. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF YOUTH SUPPORT IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION IN UZBEKISTAN //INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429. – 2022. – Т. 11. – №. 10. – С. 337-342. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 7, Dec., 2022 P a g e | 74 www.americanjournal.org 12. Rakhmonov E. THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PROVIDING YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN //Конференции. – 2021. 13. Mamurov M., Mamadaliyev A. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND LAND-WATER RELATIONS OF THE KOKAND KHANATE IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES //Actual scientific research in the modern world. – 2018. – no. 5-10. - S. 134-136. 14. Mamurov M. ҚЎҚON HONLIGIDAGI ER-SUV MUNOSABATLARINING AIRIM ZHIHATLARI HUSUSIDA //LOOKING INTO THE PAST. - 2022. - V. 5. - No. 2. 15. Mamurov M. M. KOKAN IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN ORIENTALS SOME ASPECTS OF HONLY ECONOMIC HISTORY //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2020. – No. 4. – S. 341-346. 16. Mamurov M. M., Khamrakulov S. S. SOME OPINIONS ABOUT AGRICULTURAL ISSUES OF KOKAND KHANATE IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN ORIENTALISTS HISTORIANS //Scientific discussion: sociological, political, philosophical, historical issues. – 2017. – No. 4. – S. 87-92. 17. Akbarov Q. TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN KOKAND KHANATE AND EASTERN TURKEY. – 2022. – Т. 2. – No. 4. – С. 4-8 18. Акбаров Қ. “SADOI FERGANA” NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY: https://doi. org/10.47100/conferences. v1i1. 1244 //RESEARCH SUPPORT CENTER CONFERENCES. – 2021. – No. 18.05. 19. Bozorov, OO "Implementation of the National Policy of the Former Soviet State in the Ferghana Valley." Web of Scholars: Multidimensional Research Journal 1.8 (2022): 59-62. 20. Bozorov, OO “Deportation of Meskheti Turkish People: Its Causes and Consequences”. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING FOR DEVELOPMENT, vol. 1, no. 2, Dec. 2022, pp. 101-1 87-89. 21. Bazarov, OO, and Sh Kholdarov. "SOCIAL IMPACTS FROM FORMER SOVIET NATIONAL GOVERNMENT POLICY." Journal XXI Issue 4-2 (2016): 11-13. 22. Esonov Z., Amanov A. FROM HISTORY OF THE CRAFT OF THE FERGHANA VALLEY. – 2022. – Т. 11. – No. 09. – С. 214-2 23. Esonov Z., Amanov A. THE HISTORY OF KNIFE PREPARATION CRAFTSMANSHIP IN THE FERGANA VALLEY //INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7,429. – 2022. – Т. 11. – No. 09. – С. 221-2 24. Hamrakulov S. S. FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODICAL PRINTING IN FERGANA REGION // Scientific discussion: sociological, political, philosophical, historical issues. – 2017. – No. 6. – S. 50-55. 25. Hamrakulov S. S. RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS' RESPONSE TO THE INFORMATION OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS ON THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF KUKON HONLIGINING IRRIGATION AND ITS STUDY // Scientific discussion: issues of sociology, politics, philosophy, history. – 2017. – No. 6. – S. 45-49.