American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 36, | May - 2025 P a g e | 22 www.americanjournal.org EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, CAUSES AND FEATURES OF THEIR OCCURRENCE Xakimov Ozodbek Hamidjonovich Ilmiy rahbar: Aripxodjayeva Malikaxon Baxtiyarovna Islom Karimov nomidagi Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti Mehnat muhofazasi va texnika xavfsizligi yo`nalishi talabasi A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The main tasks and activities of the FVV are mainly: development and implementation of state policy in the field of elimination of emergencies, protection of life and health of citizens, elimination of consequences and harm reduction in case of emergencies, organization and functioning of the State system for the prevention of emergencies and management of actions in such situations, Directing civil protection, coordinating the activities of ministries, departments, local government bodies is focused on targeted production and practices. Civil protection, epidemic, evacuation, natural disaster, rescue. Introduction Emergency situation (FV) - a situation occurring in a certain area as a result of an accident, accident or dangerous natural event, natural or other disaster that can cause or result in the death of people, damage to their health or the natural environment, causing serious material damage. According to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 27, 1998 No. 455 "On the classification of man-made, natural and environmental emergencies", emergency situations are determined according to the reasons (sources) of man-made, natural and environmental emergencies and the number of people affected by these situations, the amount and scale of material damage (boundaries of territories), They are divided into local, Republican and Cross- border types A natural emergency is a condition that leads to the death, injury and material damage to the natural environment of people as a result of dangerous natural events in a particular area, loss of living conditions of the population.Natural emergencies include 3 types of hazards: 1) geological hazards: earthquakes, mountain eruptions and other dangerous geospatial events: 2) Hydrometeorological hazardous situations: floods, floods, snow avalanches, strong winds (hurricanes), hurricanes and other dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena; 3) Emergency epidemiological, epizootic and epiphytotic situations: particular risk1i infections (plague, cholera, rabies, fever), infectious diseases, rickettsepidemic rashes, bryl diseaseL zoonotic infections - Tuberculosis, rabies, viral infections - AIDS; American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 23 www.americanjournal.org Epidemic is infection of people in groups. their poisoning (mass poisoning by poisonous substance, as well as mass poisoning from food); Epizootia occurs when animals become massively diseased or die; Epiphytosis is the mass death of plants. In a man-made emergency, the situation is called FV caused by human intervention.The main causes of accidents in the Tekhnogen are as follows: - shortcomings in the design of facilities; - Failure to comply with technical safety; - Lack of constant control in production and negligence in the use of especially flammable, flammable, flammable flammable materials; - errors in production technology, failure to timely repair of equipment, machinery and mechanisms; - Low labor and production discipline; - Destruction at neighboring production enterprises or energy and gas networks; - Natural emergencies that increase fatalities. As a result of technical emergencies, there are consequences such as human casualties, injuries to varying degrees, pollution of the environment, atmospheric air with various toxic substances, destruction of the flora, fauna, and very large material damage. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 24 www.americanjournal.org Environmental emergencies. Ecological FVs are basically 3 xiI' 1. Situation with changes in the state of land (soil, underground)Jar: catastrophic landslides - erosion of the earth's surface as a result of underground cultivation and other human activities during the excavation of minerals; Pollution with toxicants caused by soil and underground industries, the presence of heavy metals, petroleum products, as well as pesticides and other toxic chemicals used in concentrations dangerous to human health in agricultural development. 2. Situations associated with changes in the composition and properties of the atmosphere (air environment): Extreme high pollution of the air environment with the following ingredients: - sulfur oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, dioxide, carbon monoxide, dust and other harmful substances of anthropogenic nature in concentrations dangerous to human health; - Large-scale formation of acidic areas and abundant accumulation of acid waste - high levels of radiation. 3. Situations related to changes in the state of the hydrosphere: Runoff of industrial and agricultural production of the earth's surface and groundwater: Acute shortage of drinking water due to pollution of water sources and water intakes with harmful substances. If the FVs are ignored, they will accelerate rapidly.On the basis of the speed of the spread of emergency hazards, they are divided into the following groups: a) accidental FV - earthquakes, explosions, accidents in vehicles, etc.; b) severe FV - fires, explosions emitting poisonous gases, etc.; c) moderate (average) FV - floods, volcanic eruptions, accidents with radioactive substance leaks, etc.; g) Rayon FV – Slowly Spreading Hazards: Drought, Epidemic Spread, Soil Pollution, Water Pollution with Chemicals, etc. Throughout a person's life, he constantly walks in solidarity with emergency situations. PVVs occur in unexpected circumstances and, despite their elimination, cause major disruptions. In order to prevent the occurrence of FVs, monitoring work is constantly carried out, explanatory work is carried out for citizens. In case of FV, the population is taken under state protection.Thus, civil protection is responsible for the protection of citizens, material resources in case of any emergencies, how citizens American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 25 www.americanjournal.org behave, with what measures they assist, carry out rescue and restoration work in the affected areas, and ensure the stable operation of production networks. Since there are modern types of weapons of mass destruction, modern types of offensive weapons, and at the same time it is inevitable that there will be natural and man-made emergencies, a state system of civil protection will be established in each state and in each of its territories and straits, and its tasks will be clearly defined. References 1. 0' Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan: "Civil Environment Phase i To' About", 2000. 20.05. 2. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 455 "On the classification of man-made natural and environmental emergencies", 1998.27 10. 3. Tadzhiev M, Nigmatov I, Ilkhomov M. "Emergency powers and civil protection". Study guide. T ,2002 4. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan: "About labor protection", 1993.6.05. 5. K.B. Karimova "Safety of life" textbook. T 2023.