American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 36, | May - 2025 P a g e | 41 www.americanjournal.org FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN UZBEKISTAN Rakhmonov Sukhayl Latipovich A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This scientific article analyzes the factors of development of the public transport system in Uzbekistan. The article considers the economic and social significance of the transport system, as well as the current state and development prospects of public transport in the country. The effective organization of transport links between cities and districts, the environmental aspects of the public transport system, its impact on the economic development of cities are analyzed. In particular, recommendations are made on the digitization of public transport, the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies and improving the quality of service. The article also highlights the importance of cooperation between the public and private sectors in the development of public transport. Public transport, development factors, economic significance, environmental technologies, digitization, intercity transport, private and public sector cooperation, transport system, urban infrastructure. Introduction Today, as a result of the acceleration of urbanization, the growth of megacities and population growth, the demand and need for public transport is expected to increase every year. Special attention is paid to the issues of reducing economic and social differences between countries and cities, improving living conditions, as well as stabilizing environmental and transport systems. In Uzbekistan, special importance is attached to these issues, and the state has developed specific measures to reform the public transport system. Public transport plays an important role in ensuring mobility in cities. The transport system connects production facilities, goods and services, and the education system, which are the basis of the city's economy and social development. Public transport is not only an important means of transporting passengers to their destinations, but also ensures the integration process between different sectors of the city's economy. As the main means of convenient and economical access for the population to sources of employment, education, and other social services, the public transport system contributes to the economic and social development of the city. Main part: Ensuring the efficient operation of the transport system is important for improving the mobility of the population in cities, improving labor activity and economic performance. Public transport is the only option, especially for medium and large cities, and allows for the socially and economically sustainable development of cities. Other modes of transport, such as private cars, require much higher costs and American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 42 www.americanjournal.org occupy more land space, which puts pressure on urban infrastructure and, in particular, requires storage space. The importance of public transport is directly related to the socio-economic development of cities and regions. As a result of the increase in population and the expansion of urban areas from year to year, the need for a transport system is increasing. This, in turn, creates the need to develop transport infrastructure. The effective operation of public transport is important not only from an economic but also from an environmental point of view. Residents of cities and megacities satisfy their daily transport needs through public transport, which in turn ensures road safety, quality transport services and an improved living environment. The Resolution of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-59 dated February 16, 2023, determined measures to reform the public transport system, while setting specific tasks aimed at solving problems in the sector. The main shortcomings of public transport are: 1. Regularity of travel: The fact that public transport does not always comply with the developed schedule, there are problems with the timely delivery of passengers. 2. Non-compliance with traffic safety and quality requirements: There are problems with the technical condition of vehicles, ensuring safety on the roads. In addition, there is a need to improve the effectiveness of ensuring road safety. 3. Lack of differentiated fare tariffs: The fare is unfair and not standardized, which leads to the economic unattractiveness of public transport services. 4. Priority of public transport: Lack of priority for public transport, difficulty in competing with other means of transport in cities and districts. It is of particular importance to learn from foreign experiences in reforming the public transport system. It is necessary to study examples of reforms implemented to improve the quality of the transport system in medium and large cities, especially in European cities and megacities. The following main conclusions can be drawn from such experiences: Ensuring regularity of service: For the effective operation of the system, it is important to constantly update the schedule and automatically control it through digital technologies. Fare differentiation: By radically revamping the fare system and introducing a differentiated fare system, the economic efficiency of public transport services can be increased. Ensuring traffic safety: It is important to regularly check the technical condition of vehicles and apply innovative approaches to ensuring road safety. Foreign experiences, for example, have introduced innovative technologies and automated systems to ensure safety in cities. Today, based on the experience of advanced countries, it is necessary to widely introduce the practice of public-private partnerships in the opening of public transport routes connecting large cities and their agglomerations, remote settlements with district centers. For example, when opening routes connecting villages with district centers, the purchase of rolling stock, the commissioning of stops and other infrastructure facilities along the route, and the provision of information screens to small business representatives on certain preferential terms will ensure the provision of timely and high-quality transport services to passengers. In this regard, a large-scale project on the topic of "Digital model of the program for the development of district (city) public transport based on public-private business partnership" being prepared by a group of experienced professors and teachers is nearing completion. The project is of programmatic importance, and it aims to establish public transport between all villages of our republic and district American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 43 www.americanjournal.org centers. During the implementation of this program, it will be possible to create more than 20 thousand new jobs by attracting full private capital and opening about 1,000 new routes and optimizing existing ones. Public-private partnership (PPP) is an effective mechanism for developing the transport system. The main goal of this model is to fill the gaps in the state's infrastructure and service provision with the investment opportunities of the private sector. Public-private partnership is of great importance in the development of the public transport system, especially in connecting remote settlements with district centers. The private sector, with its investment capabilities and technological experience, helps to properly direct the state's resources, as well as contribute to the creation of new jobs and economic development. The project "Digitalized model of the district (city) public transport development program based on public-private business partnership" is aimed at modernizing public transport in our country, connecting villages with district centers, digitizing and optimizing transport activities. The project, in turn, aims to achieve effective results through a joint approach of the public and private sectors. Literature Review The experience of foreign countries in improving the city bus system is also of great importance. In particular, the following scientific studies and experiments have made a significant contribution to increasing the efficiency of public transport: 1. Litman Todd (Canada): Studies conducted by Litman Todd emphasize the need to optimize the timetable and introduce digital systems for passengers to improve the efficiency of urban transport. His scientific work has made a significant contribution to strengthening the intercity transport system in the field of public transport. 2. Redman L., Rietveld P. (Great Britain and the Netherlands): The scientific research of these scientists shows the importance of using digital systems to optimize passenger transportation technologies in city buses and ensure the efficiency of the transport system in order to improve the quality of service. Their work contributes to the development of the intercity transport system based on modern approaches. Macheret D.A. (Russia): The research conducted by Macheret D.A. is of great importance in optimizing technological approaches to bus systems, developing new methods for effective bus traffic management and improving passenger service. His work represents significant advances in improving the technical efficiency of the transport system. In our country, a number of important scientific studies are being conducted to improve passenger transportation technologies in city buses. The studies carried out by scientists such as B.A. Khodjaev, G.A. Samatov, S.A. Salimov are of great importance for the development of the transport system and improving the quality of public transport. The work of these scientists involves the optimization of bus systems, increasing the efficiency of transport services, and implementing economic reforms. Analysis and results: According to statistical data, in the first quarter of 2024, the number of passengers transported by all modes of transport amounted to 317.5 million people. This figure increased by 1.1% compared to the same period last year. This growth indicates the development of the transport system and the increase in the population's demand for transport services. Passenger traffic also increased by 2.1%, amounting American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 44 www.americanjournal.org to 2,742.3 million passenger-kilometers. These indicators confirm the effective operation of public transport and the growth of transport infrastructure. Also, as of 2023, the number of passengers in road transport in Uzbekistan's transport sector increased by 18% compared to 2020, which amounted to 6292.7 million people. This growth indicates an increase in passenger transportation between cities and villages and significant development in the transport sector. The share of private passenger carriers in road transport in the first quarter of 2024 was 11.1 percent. This figure increased by 1 percent compared to the same period in 2023 (1.1 percent in January-March 2023). The role of private transport is important in optimizing passenger transportation between cities and districts. Private passenger carriers play an important role, especially on intercity routes. They have the ability to provide high-quality service, track passengers through digital systems, and effectively manage transportation costs. Looking at the annual growth rates by mode of transport, road transport grew by 18% in 2023. Other modes of transport also recorded significant growth rates. For example, the number of passengers transported by rail amounted to 9.6 million people, while metro transport carried 172 million passengers. Air transport, in turn, increased by 5.3 million passengers. This growth indicates the diversification of the intercity transport system and the competitiveness of different modes of transport. In particular, air transport increased by 360% compared to the same period in 2023, and metro transport increased by 333%. Railway transport increased by 50%, and tram transport increased by 150%. This growth is contributing to the integration of transport modes, the introduction of new technologies, and the development of international transport links. Uzbekistan's transport system has achieved significant growth, especially in 2023. In 2023, the number of passengers transported by road reached 6292.7 million people. This figure increased by 18% compared to 2020. The intercity transport system, in particular buses and minivans, is important in meeting the transport needs of the population. This growth means increased competition in the transport sector and the provision of efficient services that meet the needs of passengers. The main objective of public transport is to provide urban and intercity mobility in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. To achieve this goal, the transport system must be economically efficient and have minimal environmental impact. Compared to road transport, public transport provides less pollution to the environment because it carries many passengers at a time, and also provides a number of environmental benefits. The environmental aspects of urban transport, such as reduced pollution, improved urban air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to the reduction. Based on the growing observations over the years, public transport remains an important tool in cities, not only for protecting the environment, but also for improving economic and social mobility. The integration of this system ensures the interconnection of movements and economic activities not only within cities, but also between them. An efficient public transport system has a significant impact on the economic development of a city. From workplaces to educational institutions, from service centers to commercial and industrial facilities, all systems are connected by public transport. Unreliable or poorly organized transport can disrupt economic activity. Such situations lead to significant disruptions, especially in the supply chain of labor and consumers. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 36 May - 2025 P a g e | 45 www.americanjournal.org Conclusion: The efficient operation of public transport contributes to improving economic performance, as it optimizes the city's activities, such as the delivery of goods and services, and the provision of labor. With the help of a public transport system, economic growth is enhanced by connecting shopping centers and production systems in cities, as well as ensuring the mobility of passengers. Public transport plays a significant role in the economic and social development of cities. It not only ensures the mobility of passengers, but also is an important tool for protecting the environment, reducing traffic congestion, and ensuring the sustainable development of cities. Improving the public transport system and increasing its efficiency can improve the quality of life in cities and accelerate economic development. References: 1. Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2023). Development of public transport in Uzbekistan: Strategy for 2023. Foreign Economic Relations and Transport, 5(1), 5-12. 2. Khodjaev, B.A. (2021). Economic and environmental approaches to the development of public transport. Transport Science, 31(2), 87-96. 3. Samatov, G.A. (2020). The importance of integration and digitalization of urban transport. Urban Development and Infrastructure, 9(2), 78-82. 4. Dremina, O.Yu. (2020). The role of digital technologies in urban transport and its effectiveness. Transport Development Strategies, 8(2), 91-99. 5. Vasiliev, I.S. (2017). Methods for increasing the efficiency of public transport systems. Transport Systems and Transport Safety, 45(1), 102-108. 6. Yfimtseva, L.O. (2020). Public transport and environmental safety: New approaches. Ecological transport systems, 9(1), 34-42. 7. Shatalova, S.I. (2018). Sustainability of transport systems and development of urban infrastructure. City and transport, 26(2), 100-109. 8. Jomurodovich E. A., Alimovna E. Y. Possibilities of development of tourism in surkhandarya region //World Bulletin of Social Sciences. – 2022. – Т. 9. – С. 54-57. 9. Ergasheva Y. A., Eralov A. J. Prospects of development of eco-tourism, agro-tourism, and mountain tourism in Surkhandarya region //BIO Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2024. – Т. 93. – С. 05002. 10. Alimovna E. Y., Jomurodovich E. A. DIFFICULT ASPECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN //Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development. – 2022. – Т. 3. – С. 192-197.