American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 14 www.americanjournal.org PRINCIPLES AND LEGAL BASIS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE Rustamova Zamira Bobokulova, Counter-Engineering Economics Researcher of the Institute A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article talks about the principles and legal bases of gender equality in Uzbekistan during the years of independence. Based on historical data, the author studied and analyzed specific aspects of the principles and legal bases of gender equality in Uzbekistan during the years of independence on the basis of available scientific literature. Gender equality, women, society, socio- political life, legal foundations. Introduction In today's globalization process, the place and role of women is more important than ever in the matter of forming an active citizenship position of the new generation in relation to any conditions. Therefore, the main content of the reforms is to support women to come up with new ideas and initiatives, to ensure their active participation in the efforts, changes and social-political processes implemented in our country. After all, if we say that glorifying the value of a person is realized first of all through respect and honoring women, honoring our honorable mothers, valuing our sisters and brothers, then we are telling the same truth. Main Part: It should be noted that today, under the leadership of our President, we are taking bold steps towards building the foundations of the Third Renaissance in New Uzbekistan. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that the reforms implemented in our country are based on the happiness of women. In order to encourage women in science in the society, a new mechanism - "Society of Women Scientists" was created and 50 billion soums were allocated from the state budget to support and further stimulate its activities. It is true that it will strengthen their desire to become a "woman scientist". There is no doubt that the reforms to fully ensure the participation of women in the management of society and state affairs, and to support them from a socio-economic and legal point of view, are an example of social justice in ensuring gender equality and equal rights in our country. In a word, such conditions and privileges, which are an expression of high attention at the level of state policy for the fate, present and future of women, have never existed in the history of our country. Today, the feeling of gratitude and gratitude to the country, the President, which is burning in the hearts of our sisters, transfers to our practical activities and inspires us to achieve high results in every field. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 15 www.americanjournal.org Attention to women has risen to the level of real state policy: its legal and institutional foundations have been radically improved. Activities to ensure gender equality in our country, increase the role of women in social and political life: improvement of legislation on women's rights; improvement of the institutional framework for the protection of women; raising awareness of the population about gender equality and women's rights; consists of such main areas as training the officials responsible for ensuring their compliance in law enforcement practice on the basis of relevant legal norms. The wide-ranging reforms implemented in our country to raise the value of women are of course of decisive importance as the legal frameworks in this regard have been created and are being regularly improved. In particular, Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan states that "Women and men have equal rights" serves as the main legal basis for systemic reforms to ensure gender equality and increase the role of women in society and state management. It must be recognized that in recent years, the implementation of complex measures aimed at ensuring the rights and legal interests of women, strengthening their role in society, and supporting the family institution has reached a new level of quality. Uzbekistan joined all the main international documents that protect women from any discrimination and humiliation. This includes the Geneva Convention on Maternity Protection, the New York Convention on the Political Rights of Women and the New York Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. , can be cited as an example of international documents such as the Protocol on Preventing, Suppressing and Punishing Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In our country, "On guarantees of equal rights and opportunities for women and men", "On protection of women from harassment and violence", "On protection of reproductive health of citizens" laws were passed. It should be noted that more than 30 decrees and decisions and government decisions were adopted on the direct initiative of the head of state in the issues of women's support. Only in March of this year, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to improve the system of working with families and women, supporting the neighborhood and religious people", "Systematic support of families and women" "Decrees on measures to further accelerate work on support" and the decision "On organizing the activities of the State Committee for Family and Women" were adopted. These normative legal documents are particularly important with the following positive aspects: first, a new state body specialized in working professionally with families and women was established - the State Committee for Family and Women; secondly, the main directions of the unified state policy in the field of supporting women, protecting their rights and legal interests were defined; thirdly, a new mechanism of working with women was defined - the practice of working with women in neighborhoods in a targeted and targeted manner; fourthly, in order to ensure the rights of women and to protect them from harassment and violence, new legal mechanisms were introduced - the supervision of the prosecutor's office over the implementation of legislation in this field; fifthly, a new package of state guarantees and benefits was introduced for women to get an education and engage in scientific and creative activities; sixthly, the existing mechanisms to support women's entrepreneurial activities and help them to get a decent marriage have been improved; seventhly, a new system aimed at protecting women's health, early detection and prevention of diseases specific to women was American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 16 www.americanjournal.org introduced; Eighth, new mechanisms of communication with women are being introduced and new, effective communication platforms have been established. With the Decree "On measures to further accelerate work on the systematic support of the family and women" in 2022-2026, the National Program on increasing the activity of women in all aspects of the economic, political and social life of the country program and a comprehensive plan of measures aimed at the implementation of the National Program in 2022-2023 was approved. It should be noted that in the period up to 2030, in order to organize systematic work on the consistent implementation of the goals of the UN Global Agenda for Sustainable Development, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 83 of February 21, 2022 "Sustainable development in the period up to 2030 The 5th goal of the national goals and tasks in the field of "Gender equality and expanding the rights and opportunities of all women" is consistent with the reforms aimed at ensuring equal rights and opportunities of women and men in our country. Within the framework of the implementation of this goal, the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, all forms of violence against them, including human trafficking, sexual exploitation and other forms of exploitation, early marriages and forced marriages, women's political, to ensure equal opportunities for their comprehensive participation in all stages of economic and social life and to take the lead in decision-making, to provide general access to health services for the provision of comprehensive medical and sanitary assistance in the field of reproductive health care, and the like 9 tasks have been set. In order to implement these tasks, the strategy of achieving gender equality in the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 was approved by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis. As a logical continuation of the efforts, the development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 envisages a number of goals and tasks to realize the rights and legal interests of women. In particular, tasks related to the issue of women are defined in the 5 goals of the Development Strategy. In the 69th goal called "supporting women, ensuring their active participation in the life of society", including creating an environment of intolerance towards harassment and violence against women in the society, promoting the rights and legal interests of women. is intended to provide. Tasks 221, 232, 253, 254, 307, 308, 338 of the State Program on the implementation of the development strategy in the "Year of glorifying human dignity and active neighborhood" are directly aimed at realizing the above-mentioned goals. Today's results of the efforts made in relation to women are inextricably linked with the radical improvement of the institutional foundations in this field. Since the first period of independence - the beginning of democratic reforms, the importance of the issue of gender equality and the role of women in society was confirmed once again in 1991 with the formation of a separate state structure - the Committee of Women and Girls. Results and Discussions: In recent years, the institutional foundations in this direction have been fundamentally improved, and the Women and Girls and Gender Equality Committee was established under the Senate of the Oliy Majlis. The State Target Fund for Women's Support was introduced and reorganized as the State Target Fund for Family and Women's Support by the Presidential Decree dated March 1, 2022. At first, the Republican Women's Public Council started working under the leadership of Senate Chairman Tanzila Norboyeva, and later, by the presidential decree of March 1 of this year, the Republican Commission American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 17 www.americanjournal.org on Increasing the Role of Women in Society, Gender Equality and Family Issues was established. In March of this year, the State Committee for Family and Women was established. It is noteworthy that the status and powers of the Commission on Gender Equality of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been determined at the level of the law. In particular, in Article 12 of the Law "On Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men" of September 2, 2019, implementation of a unified state policy in the field of ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men, society to achieve real equality of women and men in all spheres of life, to support women from a socio-legal point of view, to improve the system of motherhood, fatherhood and childhood protection, to increase the social and socio-political activity of women equally with men to take measures, to develop proposals for the establishment of special institutions to protect the rights of people who have fallen into a difficult situation in life due to direct or indirect discrimination on the basis of gender. It is envisaged that it will be implemented by the commission on security issues. Also, to make proposals to the Cabinet of Ministers to take temporary special measures to ensure the implementation of gender policy and to cancel them, to ensure the principle of non-discrimination on the basis of gender during promotion to leadership positions of the state. assistance, coordination of the activities of state bodies aimed at achieving equal rights and opportunities for women and men in all spheres of public life, monitoring and analysis of the situation in the field of ensuring equal rights and opportunities, cases of direct or indirect gender discrimination development of proposals for their prevention and elimination, cooperation with citizens' self-government bodies and non-governmental non-commercial organizations on conducting educational, informational and educational activities in this area, legislation in this direction a number of powers, such as supervising the implementation, organizing scientific research in the field. The "Women's Entrepreneurship Center" in the regions, which helps women and girls to develop their entrepreneurship and find their place in society, also serves as a real helper for women who want to engage in entrepreneurship. Today, in our country, the issue of supporting women, ensuring their rights and legal interests is identified as one of the main and priority directions of state policy, and we are also witnessing the results of the reforms and efforts being implemented in this regard. The news provided in the comprehensive action plan aimed at the implementation of the National Program for 2022-2026 on increasing the activity of women in all aspects of the economic, political and social life of the country in 2022-2026 fully confirms our opinion. In particular, the action plan, which consists of 6 main directions and 112 points, aims to increase the activity of women in all aspects of the economic, political and social life of the country, which was not previously observed in the practice of the countries of the world. On March 4 of this year, in the video selector dedicated to women's issues with the participation of the President, several benefits for girls' education were discussed, and starting from the new academic year, the contract money of girls studying at the master's degree will be fully covered from the budget (23 200 billion soums per thousand girls), sending 50 girls to prestigious foreign universities for bachelor's degree and 10 for master's degree every year, 150 girls who have lost their father or mother in each region (total of 2.1 thousand) paying the contract money from the local budget, creating conditions for distance learning for female students with young children, allocating a target quota of at least 300 for women in the doctoral program each year, so that women become students every year at least 50 percent of the quota will be targeted for specific sciences, technical and legal fields, American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 18 www.americanjournal.org introduction of interest-free loans for the first time for 7 years to pay for educational contracts to girls studying in universities, technical schools and colleges from the new academic year has brought the process of reforms in this regard to a higher level. As a result of the reforms carried out in recent years, the number of women in our national parliament has reached the level of 32% according to the recommendations set by the UN. The share of women in the field of entrepreneurship is 35 percent and in higher education is higher than 46 percent. About 1,500 professional women are working in various levels of leadership positions in the state administration, the share of women in the system is 33 percent, and this figure is growing rapidly. In the social protection system, a completely new direction - "Women's Book", "Youth Book" and "Iron Book" was introduced to study and solve women's problems. On the basis of the "Women's Register" over the past 3 years, about 400,000 women have been employed. Systematic measures are being implemented to provide housing, improve living and working conditions, and increase income of the needy. Our state pays special attention to women's health. Because the health of the society is characterized, first of all, by how healthy women are. As the President noted, "...attention to mother and child health is attention to society and the future." For this purpose, starting from 2021, a system of free distribution of 7 types of vitamins and anti- parasitic drugs for children to pregnant women and children under 15 years of age has been established. It is commendable that 11 million women will be covered in these activities in 2021. Conclusion: In short, the state appears as the main reformer in the protection of women's dignity, rights and freedoms in society. Indeed, the issue of expressing the rights and interests of women in society, further increasing the place and role of women in state and society relations, and protecting their interests in the political, legal, and social spheres is one of the main conditions for the formation of the Third Renaissance generation in New Uzbekistan. References: 1. 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American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 19 www.americanjournal.org 9. Bahronova D.K. GENDER AND TARGETED CONCEPTUAL GENDER STEREOTYPES // Gender Studies in the Humanities: Sat. Art. by mother. III intern. scientific-practical. conf. No. 3. - Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2015. 10. Jamoldinova O., Egamberdiyeva T., Solikhuzhayeva D. Gender approach in the higher education system: today and future principles. Methodical use - Tashkent, 2022. - 79 p.