American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 61 www.americanjournal.org THE WAY OF LIFE AND TRADE RELATIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF BUKHARA IN THE MIDDLE AGES Muyiddinov Bekali Graduate student of Bukhara State University Direction of Historiography and Source Studies, Methods of Historical Research Phase II Kuhatov. Sh. Y. Scientific Leader: t.f.f.d. dots. A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article talks about the role of Bukhara in the life of medieval states, especially in The Times of the Khwarazmshahs, about socio-economic relations in Bukhara, its rise and the development of Applied Arts, construction spheres. Khorezmshahs, Bukhara, handicrafts, textiles, Magoki Attori, Movarounnahr, Applied Arts, construction, architecture, pottery, Varahsha, madrasa. Introduction In Bukhara, the distance from the western gate of Hisar to the temple gate is called Registan. In this Registan, there have been palaces of kings since the days of Jahiliyyah. During the Samani period, Amir Sa'id Nasr ibn Ahmed ibn Ismail al-Samani ordered Registon to build a palace. They built a very beautiful palace and spent a lot of money on it. Bukhara is described in the sources as "the greatest, the largest, the most famous and beautiful city without equal" (Mahmud bin Vali Bukhara is the capital of Movarunnahr, writes Bakhlul-asrar, p. 76.) One of the largest cities in the Khorezm state was “Bukharai tariff.” Like other cities of that time, Bukhara and the small inner city of Kohandiz were surrounded by strong walls. The outer walls have been rebuilt many times. Khorezmshah Alovuddin Muhammad ordered to rebuild its walls even after taking Bukhara. According to the source, handicrafts, especially textiles, were highly developed in Bukhara. Zarbof, zandoniycha, zarbos (surp) fabrics were especially popular, and these fabrics had many buyers even in distant countries. According to sources, in the Bukhara region, the cities of Bomijkat, Tavovis, Boykand (or Poikand), Karmana, Maymur, Agarun, Afsawon (Afshona), Anisun, Bob, Bardiz, Binob, Barakat, Bayrami, Bobokat, Bashkashr, Toza, Tarana, Khorajar. (Varakhsha), Gudashfard, Kashkon, Keshakan, Nakhl, Nujabad, Navfar, Vardana, Varzan, Varkon, Varkot, Yuvbasun and others. Historical sources do not list all the cities where coins were minted in the name of Khorezmshahs. However, based on the inscriptions on the found coins, we can learn that coins were minted in the name of Khorezmshahs in the following cities: in Movarunnahr - Samarkand, Bukhara, Barob (Forob, O'tror), Khojand (Ozgand), Termiz, Chaganiyan, in Vakhsh, in the provinces of the Seljuks and Ghurians - Balkh, Bamiyan, Raznoi, Gur, Guruzuvan, Zamindovar, Yovmur, Kunduz, Marv, Nisa, Nishapur, Peshawar, Tolatson, Farvan (Parvan), Shafirkon and others, about 30 regional cities coins were minted in the name of American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 62 www.americanjournal.org Khorezmshahs. During this period, practical art became more alive. Pottery, glass art, Jewelry were developed. Decoration of items with various images was wide spread. A wide variety of animals and birds, mythical animals were used. In decorative art image was used. Magoki Attori Mosque in Bukhara, Palace in Termiz relief images can be taken as an example. But there were some of The images, for example, the image of animals, were made into realistic shapes. If it is not taken into account, in many cases the real existence was extremely simplified and turned into a pattern element. During this period, glass products were made in large and medium-sized cities. Archeologists have discovered glassmaking cites in Kuldortepa (near Samarkand), Varakhsha (near Bukhara). Practical and cosmetic items were made of glass. Their shape was different, footed bowls, jugs, small dishes were proof of this. Pottery workshops were established in many cities and villages. In construction, the style of architecture formed in Central Asia before the arrival of the Mongols took the leading place and became richer in content. Buildings with gabled domes were decorated with glazed tiles and ornaments. From this period, the art of making tiles and architectural decorations began to develop. Among the buildings built by Masudbek, Masudbek Madrasa has a special place. According to historians, more than 1000 students studied in this madrasa. During this period, the construction became more complicated: double-domed, tent-domed and central, it can also be seen in gabled buildings. Madrasahs in these years the for its construction was laid. First in Bukhara, then it spread to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Asia Minor, Egypt and other countries of the Muslim world. Kharir from Bukhara, shawls, thick prayer beads, copper, lanterns, towels from Karmana, bright wadori fabrics from Dobusiya and Vedar, red leather from Arbinjan, fur, tin dishes, fine fabrics from Samarkand, kimkhob, silk fabrics, tents, paper, glass , copper, large cauldrons, elegant robes, uzangi, woolen cloth and clothes from Jizzakh, imported from Istaravshan and Ferghana. Conclusion 1. Although in the 12th and 13th centuries most areas of craftsmanship developed in the cities and villages of Bukhara for a while, but these areas were an agricultural country. The bulk of the population was engaged in irrigation farming and animal husbandry. The land was irrigated and landscaped through the centuries-old sershokha irrigation network and various water structures (dam, band, nova, koriz, chigir, carpenter, plumber). References 1. Ziya Bunyatov. Anushtagin State of Khorezmshahs. T.: Gafur Ghulam, 1998 2. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ja'far Narshahi. History of Bukhara. T.: Sharq Bayozi, 1993 3. T. Ernazarova, B. Kochnev. Coins are the records of the past. T.: Fan, 1977 4. N.U.Abdullayev. Art history of Uzbekistan. T.: Fan, 2007 5. A. Sagdullayev, B. Aminov, U. Mavlonov, N. Norkulov. History of Uzbekistan: development of the state and society. Part I. T.: Academy, 2000 ool. 2016; 3 (6): 63-65.