American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 127 www.americanjournal.org ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND ITS SPECIFIC ASPECTS Nosirov Rashod Adilovich, Ph.D., Professor, Tashkent State Transport University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In the article, social changes after the independence of Uzbekistan, after the independence of Uzbekistan, the history of the transition to a market economy in the society, ensuring the social protection of the population, all the reforms carried out in the country, the path of renewal and development of Uzbekistan, the history of an important part of the "Uzbek model", social protection of the population necessary measures and new Uzbekistan and the results achieved in the social sphere are analyzed. Reform, Uzbek model, development, strategy, development, society, state, change, history. Introduction Social changes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. After the independence of Uzbekistan, in the process of transition to a market economy in the society, ensuring the social protection of the population became the main direction of the state policy. Therefore, the real goal of all the reforms carried out in the country is to create decent living conditions for people. That is why an important part of the "Uzbek model", which is the basis for the renewal and development of Uzbekistan, is strong social protection of the population. The government of Uzbekistan has taken necessary measures for the social protection of the population during the transition period based on the principles of the "Uzbek model". These measures played an important role in preventing a sharp decline in people's living standards and became a factor in maintaining peace and stability in the republic. At the initial stage of social protection of the population (1991 - 1995), it was necessary to prevent a sharp decrease in the consumption of basic food products and non-food goods, the emergence of mass unemployment, a sharp drop in the standard of living of the population, social spheres, i.e. health care, education , it was possible to ensure the continuous operation of science and culture networks. It was resolved by maintaining guarantees in the field of employment, by maintaining a liberal policy in support of employment and formation of the population's income. Providing employment to the population and supporting entrepreneurship has risen to the level of state policy. During this period, the government implemented the following measures, in particular: first, the policy of releasing workers from unprofitable industries and preventing gross unemployment; secondly, the privatization of housing, allotment of plots to rural residents, development of private entrepreneurship and formation of new sources of population income growth; thirdly, the government's indexation of wages. Implementation of the support system by providing compensations, benefits, subsidies and consumer American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 128 www.americanjournal.org subsidies; fourth, to ensure the personal security of people, to strengthen the prevention of the increased risk of crime, drug business, terrorism and corruption. In order to prevent a sharp increase in unemployment, to establish a multi-sectoral system of labor exchanges (in the first years of independence, 240 labor exchanges were established in all cities and districts of the republic), a mechanism for registering citizens in need of work, retraining and improving the skills of the population, establishing a social work institute and organizational-economic methods such as the payment of unemployment benefits were widely used. In addition, regional employment programs were developed and implemented. Taking into account the socio-economic, national and demographic characteristics of the state, the foundation was laid for the protection of consumer markets and the state's consumer safety. In order to prevent a sharp decrease in basic food and consumer goods, a standardized system of limited products was developed. Also, as a protective measure, the system of providing subsidies to consumers and various forms of protection against the departure of the country from the main food products in the consumer market were widely used. In order to protect the purchasing power of the population in the conditions of price liberalization, these measures became very important. This policy helped to implement the main goals and tasks in the social sphere in the most difficult - initial periods of the transition period. During this period, the legal foundations of social support and protection of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan were created. Basic Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan - Constitution, "On the Basics of State Policy Regarding Youth in the Republic of Uzbekistan", "On Employment of the Population", "On Citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan", "On Education", "On Labor Protection", "State House "On Privatization of Land Fund", "On State Pension of Citizens", a number of socially important laws were adopted. Thus, as a result of the measures implemented in the first stage of social protection of the population, gross unemployment and a sharp decrease in the standard of living of the population were prevented, and the government made it possible to establish highly efficient market-type farms by allocating private plots to the rural population. In the second stage of social protection of the population (1996-2003), providing employment, increasing the income of the population, increasing the potential of human capital became the priority directions of social policy. The number of indexation of salaries has decreased sharply due to the increase in prices. Indexation began to be used only in the field of budget organizations. Consumer subsidies were reserved only for certain types of utility services. Income level pensions and scholarships, permanent increase of monthly salaries of employees of the budget sector (minimum salary from 250 soums (1996) to 6500 soums (2004), i.e. increased 24 times, managed through a mechanism that includes such elements as targeted social assistance to low-income families and families with children, financial assistance to the unemployed, taxation of individual incomes at progressively increasing rates. At this stage, promising regional programs aimed at providing employment to the able-bodied population, creating new jobs, and expanding the types of activities in rural areas were adopted. This mechanism of providing employment to the population provided a tactical task in the field of employment - reducing the rate of unemployment. In order to improve the living standards of the villagers, the program of providing the villagers with drinking water and natural gas was developed and implemented. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 129 www.americanjournal.org During this period, annual state programs were implemented in order to further support the strata of the population in need of social protection. Among these, state programs such as "Year of Human Interests", "Year of the Family", "Year of Women", "Year of a Healthy Generation", "Year of Mother and Child", "Year of Valuing the Elderly", "Year of Prosperous Neighborhood" are special in the strengthening of social policy. took place. Since 1997, the system of social programs has been implemented in all sectors of the social sphere. In the field of education, it was a national training program that resulted in the construction and capital renovation of schools, academic lyceums, and vocational colleges. Educational buildings are provided with modern equipment, educational tools, computer classes. New national educational standards, textbooks were developed and implemented. For the implementation of these activities, almost half of the part of the state budget devoted to the social sphere was spent every year. Health Care Reform The state program has had great social significance, based on this program, the medical service system has been revised, the primary link of health care in rural areas has been reformed, and the maternal and child protection system has been improved. Thus, as a result of the measures implemented in the second stage of social protection of the population, the income of the main part of the population and the growth of the share of the middle class were achieved, the national model of education was developed, the scope of general, secondary and secondary vocational education was expanded, and the national model of health care was formed. , demographic characteristics and health of the population improved, the level of provision of drinking water and natural gas to the population, especially those living in rural areas, has increased. In 1997-2003, the population's supply of drinking water increased from 36.8% to 47%, particularly in rural areas, from 36.8% to 47%, natural gas from 69% to 78.3%. In the third stage of social protection of the population, as a result of the institutional and structural reforms carried out in the economy, banking system, tax-budget policy since 2004, measures aimed at supporting small business and private entrepreneurship, creating new jobs and increasing the income of the population were implemented. During this period, as in previous years, the annual state programs aimed at the social protection of the population served to increase the quality indicators of the development of the society and the well-being of the population. Among such programs are "Year of Kindness and Kindness", "Year of Health", "Year of Sponsors and Doctors", "Year of Social Protection", "Year of Youth", "Year of Rural Development and Prosperity", "Year of a Prosperous Generation", " Year of Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship", "Year of Strong Family", "Year of Prosperous Life" and other state programs took an important place in the social protection of the population. The period of the world financial and economic crisis, which started in 2008, has a special place in the development of our country. As a result of the implementation of a number of investment programs within the framework of the anti-crisis measures adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2009, special attention was paid to the growth of the population's employment and income, the development of the social infrastructure and services sector, and the issues of targeted social protection through the self- management bodies of the population. . At this stage, the main focus was on creating equal opportunities for everyone in the fields of education and health care, improving the quality of these services, and ensuring active participation of young people in the labor market. A number of legal documents governing the pace and process of education system reforms, in particular, 5 specialized programs, including "State nationwide program for the American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 130 www.americanjournal.org development of school education in 2004-2009", "Training of pedagogues and engineer-pedagogues of the secondary special, vocational education system, Program for retraining and improving their skills", "Program for publishing textbooks and teaching-methodical manuals for secondary schools in 2005-2009", "Strengthening the material and technical base of children's music and art schools and further improving their activities for 2009-2014 state program", "2011-2016 program of modernization of the material and technical base of higher education institutions and radical improvement of the quality of specialist training" was adopted. A number of legal and regulatory documents were adopted in order to fulfill the national priority tasks in health care, including the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the main directions of the implementation of the state program for further deepening the reform of the health care system and its development", the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the implementation of health institutions the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further deepen the reform of the health care system" and "Reconstruction, perfect repair and equipping of educational institutions fund Reconstruction of educational and medical institutions, perfect repair and decisions on reorganization into an equipment fund" gained special importance. On December 7, 2016, at the ceremony dedicated to the 24th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017 was named "The Year of Communication with the People and Human Interests" at the suggestion of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. In 2017, great things were done based on the idea that "Human interests are above all else". Based on the initiative of the head of our state Sh.M. Mirziyoev, the Strategy of Actions on the 5 priority directions of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 was adopted. target programs were provided. On the basis of the program, the national movement "Generosity and Support" was organized for the purpose of social protection of the population and financial support of needy families. 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