American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 156 www.americanjournal.org SIJJO – LUXURIOUS NATURE QUENIGA CHORLOVCHI GENRE Ирода Санъат қизи Тоҳирова Ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети талабаси A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article provides information about the Sijo genre, which appeared in Korea during the Joseon (Li) period of literature (1392- 1910). This genre is considered to be a lyrical genre with a certain excitement and experience image, and it incorporates Korean folklore traditions and three religious-philosophical teachings of the people of the Far East (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). Choson, history of Korean literature, Korean literature, era, poetry, Sijo genre, genre, prose. Introduction In the current era of globalization, the demand for learning foreign languages is increasing day by day. In this regard, the number of people studying Korean language and literature is increasing in our country as well as other languages. This is why cooperation is being established between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in a number of fields. In addition to cooperation in all fields, a number of cooperation programs in scientific areas have also started their work process. As in the literature of the Uzbek people, Korean literature has a lot of works that reflect its literary style and national character. They have a number of genres that are combined with the Chinese genre, create their own independent genre, reflect religious views in the poetic genre, and by studying them, certain concepts about the literary genres of those times are formed. Studying the origin of these genres, the processes of their formation, and the reasons is considered one of the necessary tasks. The development stages of the history of Korean literature include three periods, and the Choson (Lee) period of literature (1392-1910) is recognized as the third stage, which itself includes three periods. The first period is the XV-XVI centuries, the second period is the XVII-XVIII centuries, the third period is the XIX century. On this period of Korean literature, research was conducted not only in Korea itself, but European, Russian and Uzbek orientalists did a number of studies. In particular, L.A. Andropova on Korean history and culture 1, M.I. Nikitina, who conducted research on Korean literature 2, A.L. Jovtis, P.A. 1 Andronova L.A. Culture of Korea. Part 1. Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk Polytechnic University. 2014 2 Nikitina M.I. Ancient Korean poetry in connection with ritual and myth // M: Science Publishing House - 1982. - 328s; Korean poetry of the 16th-19th centuries. in the sijo genre : (The semantic structure of the genre. Image. Space. Time). - St. Petersburg : Center "Petersburg Oriental Studies", 1994. 312 p. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 157 www.americanjournal.org Pak Ir 3, M.V. Soldatova 4, V.D. Barannikov 5, I.V.Korneeva on the literature of the Lee (Choson) period 6, S.O.Kurbanov 7and V.M.Tikhonov 8, who covered the history of Korea from the early to modern times, V.N.Kim, U.T.Saydazimova, I.L. from the Uzbek orientalists. A number of Paklar books 9are also featured. Also, poems written in the genres of "hyanga" and "sicjo" in Korean literature were translated into Russian by A. Akhmatova, A. L. Jovtis, L. N. Menshikov, N. Timofeeva. There are many books that are the product of research on this period of Korean literature, but there are still many studies that need to be studied, and their study is considered relevant today. DISCUSSION At the end of the 14th century, the Li Dynasty (1392-1910) was established in the country as a result of the Palace coup. The founder of the Lee Song Dynasty named his country "Choson" in memory of Ancient Choson and made Seoul the capital. Lee and his successors took steps to rebuild the devastated areas in the region and restore a centralized state in Korea. In the history of Korea, the 15th century is the period of the highest flowering of national culture. In this period, sciences such as astronomy, geography and natural science can be said to be the most developed period. Early Choson (XV-XVI centuries) was a period of great inventions and discoveries in various fields of knowledge. In 1403, the world's first metal type for printing was invented, and in 1443, the Korean national script was invented. Two discoveries made in this 15th century were of particular importance. The newly created script was used by the ruling class to translate classical Confucian and Buddhist religious literature into Korean. However, not long after this alphabet was created, it was used by those who were against the existing system. Also, one of the achievements of this century is the spread of non-Confucian ideology - "Zhusi" trend. In the 15th and 16th centuries, new genres of Korean poetry - "sicjo", "kasa", "chan-sicjo" - appeared. Of course, this was made possible by the formation of Korean writing 10. Sichjo consists of two hieroglyphs, the first is " shі si ”- “time”, the second is “ diào jo ” means place, that is, three-line songs for place and time. In this regard, Uzbek orientalists give the following definition about "Sichjo": " Sichjo reminds of the ten-line "huang": it repeats its three-part structure, and pays special attention to the third - concluding part, i.e., the tone of the poem. The poem "Sichjo" was not recited, but performed to the accompaniment of a musical instrument 11. In terms of origin, the first "Sicjo" type was called "short sicjo" or "classic sicjo". Sichjo were usually arranged according to the type of tune. Therefore, "short sichjo" is even called "tonal sichjo" 3 Zhovtis A.L., Pak Ir P.A. Korean six-line poems (collection of poems by Korean poets of the 13th-19th centuries). - Alma-Ata, 1956. p. 148 4Soldatova M.V. The formation of national poetry in Korea in the first quarters of the twentieth century. Vladivostok: FEGU, 2004.-188 p. 5 Barannikov V.D. Reader in Literature. M. 1996, p.250 6 Korneeva I . B . Concepts of Education and Scholarship in Korean Literature of the Joseon Period : 1392-1910 . Abstract dis. ...can. Phil. Sciences. - M., 2009 7Kurbanov S.O. History of Korea from Antiquity to the beginning of the XXI century. [Electronic resource]. 8 Tikhonov V.M. History or Korea. T. 1. From the earliest times to 1876. – M: Muravey, 2003, p. 373. 9V. N. Kim, U. T. Saidazimova, I. L. Pak. Literature of the studied country. - T.: ToshDSHI publishing house, 2010. - 192 p., Kim VN, Pak IL, Saidazimova UT. Literature of the country of study language (Korea): textbook. - Tashkent, 2009. 10V. N. Kim, U. T. Saidazimova, I. L. Pak. Literature of the studied country. - T.: ToshDSHI publishing house, 2010. - B. 82 11V.N.Kim, U.T.Saidazimova, I.L.Pak.Organilayotgan mamlakat adabiyoti. - T .: ToshDSHI nashriyoti, 2010. - B. 82 American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 158 www.americanjournal.org (pyongsichjo-pyeongsijo). The poem of this genre consists of three lines, each of which is divided into two and a half lines (this is the basis for translating the poem into six lines). The half line consists of two columns . A column in sijo is a semantic unit containing a number of syllables that varies within certain limits. 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 5 4 3 As the number of syllables in the columns changes from one to three (provided that the initial column of the third line remains unmeasured with three syllables), and accordingly the number of syllables in the poem in half-stanzas and stanzas all approach 45 12. Analyzing the development of the sichjo genre, one can see how the poetic theme of the sichjo has spread over the years. It should be noted that the identity of the author who creates in the "Sichjo" genre depends on his social position in the society. If from the end of the 14th century to the beginning of the 16th century, mainly Confucian officials and scholars created in this genre, in later periods, representatives of other layers of Korean society can be seen. According to L.A. Andronova, sichjo in the poetry of the native language, as in the poetry of the Chinese language, refers to the inner experiences of humanity. In the 16th century of the Joseon period, female poets such as Hwang Chi and Lee Keran began to be mentioned in Korean literature 13. the tyranny of the Mongol invaders and the Japanese pirates coincided with the period of the Li dynasty's consolidation of its position. That is why the poems encouraging the representatives of the new dynasty, denouncing the old era, and urging them to achieve peace while protecting the homeland became the main theme of the poetry of the 15th-16th centuries. Also, this genre developed until the 19th century, in which the expansion of the country's northern borders and the victories of the Korean army were praised. During this period , Kim Chon So (1390-1453), Nam I (1441-1468) was one of the great statesmen and generals . A number of sichjo poems about the victory over the Japanese in the Imjin War (1592-1598) and the national hero Li Sun Sin (1545-1598) became popular. Also, Lee Chi Wan, Park Chung Nyong, Chon Chhol, etc. have expressed themselves in poetry. By this time, Korean poetry was characterized by a variety of themes. The dramatic events taking place in the country belong to the Sichjo genre. The political events of that time, the exchange of dynasties, certainly led to the separation of the nobles into two groups. For those loyal to the last king of the Koryo dynasty, cultural values served as a "spiritual refuge." These political processes are exaggerated in the works created in the early period. 16th century, Chon Chhol (1537-1594), was known by the nickname "Songyan" (Pine and River), eighty-two of his poems have come down to us. Chon Chhol's sichjo: sample byeong-ideuni Jeongjalado swil-i in eobs want seoss-eulttaeneun take-igal-i daswideon 12Nikitina M.I. Korean poetry of the 16th-19th centuries. in the sijo genre : (The semantic structure of the genre. Image. Space. Time). - St. Petersburg : Center "Petersburg Oriental Studies", 1994. - S. 3-4. 13 Andronova L.A. Culture of Korea. Part 1. Tomsk: Publishing House of the Tomsk Polytechnic University . 2014. - P.126. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 159 www.americanjournal.org leave branch 연은후는 new no sit down14 When the tree is sick, No one rests on the roadside under it. And always healthy under the tree The passenger is looking for shade and shelter. But here it is without horns and leaves, and now the bird does not sit on it. In this image, the tree is compared to a human figure. Life: "A tree is the same body. Its bark is like skin, and its branches are like hair. It is fragrant with flowers and fruits and has the ability to hear, see, and feel like a human. And how much we feel the cruel law of life ... Because nature is glorified in the mouse. If a person is healthy, his service is useful for everyone, and if he is sick, then he is useless and nobody needs him. As you can see, the translation of the original text did not use much stylistics. It is not enough to assume that the end is a "grand ending". The original of this poem does not have a bright stylistic appearance. It should be taken into account that since the sichjo was performed with the accompaniment of musical instruments, it was able to give expression and charm to the work. In Sichjo's poetry, man and nature, society and nature are two inseparable worlds. "Sicjo" is a lyrical genre with a certain excitement and experience, which combines the Korean folklore traditions and the three religious and philosophical teachings of the Far Eastern peoples (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). It was the spiritual response and cry of the exponents of Confucianism in poetry who were forced to face the turmoil. Emotions appear in poetry as a product of creativity, because a person can no longer remain silent. They had to know the form of expression. And of course, this sentiment is best captured in the sicjo: this body die die one hundred th fix it die white bone vomit Even if it's enough time connect no sir towards single-minded go line isiriah15 Bу танага осмон томонидан ўлим ёзилган. Майли ўлай, юз бор ўлай, Let the bones turn to dust, The dead soul leaves the body. But, a heart devoted to the ruler, will remain forever! The theme of loyalty to the king reveals dramatic pages in the history of Korea: the change of royal dynasties at the end of the 13th and 14th centuries, the persecution of famous representatives of the time, and the struggle for power became the main theme of these songs. In the above poem, the theme of obedience to the king, unconditional fulfillment of his orders, and loyalty is praised. In the cultures of the Eastern peoples, there is no division of the world into the world of nature and society, natural and unnatural. Therefore, for the perception of the Eastern world, it is not usual to divide the world into "one and the other" or "in everything" - this is the main aspect of the worldview of the culture of the Far Eastern countries. Man is a part of nature, man is a part of society. This is the place of the lyrical hero in relation to the surrounding world. The embodiment of this ideological aspect 14 http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9&sort=hit&command=body&no=168&PHPSESSID=4caa e87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62f 15 https://www.joongang.co.kr/amparticle/20016273 http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9&sort=hit&command=body&no=168&PHPSESSID=4caae87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62f http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9&sort=hit&command=body&no=168&PHPSESSID=4caae87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62f https://www.joongang.co.kr/amparticle/20016273 American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 160 www.americanjournal.org is clearly manifested in sija. Such an approach to nature was characteristic only of the philosophers of Russian cosmology and Russian "cosmic poets". The poets of the "Lake School" reject power, wealth and position, call for the pursuit of simplicity, the description of nature, the happy life of a person removed from worldly concerns is their favorite subject, a child in the river, the moon in the sky, a pine tree in the mountain, his hobby - fishing or a piece near his hut. tillage - became their friends 16. It is evident that the poets prefer to be in the bosom of simple nature than the royal life of the palace and they promoted everyone to this simple life. The "Sichjo" genre began to appear in the 15th century, and it developed and flourished in the 16th-18th centuries. CONCLUSIONS It is appropriate to note the following in the form of a conclusion to the issue: If we look at the history of Korea, the 15th century is considered to be the period of the highest flowering of national culture, and during this period astronomy, geography, and natural science were highly developed. Sichjo consists of two hieroglyphs, the first is " shі si ”- “time”, the second is “ diào jo ” means place and is a genre of poetry similar to a song consisting of three lines for place and time. Since Sichjo was performed to the accompaniment of musical instruments, he was able to give expression and charm to the work. In Sichjo's poetry, man and nature, society and nature became two inseparable worlds. During this period, in addition to ordinary poets, great state officials and generals also created in the "Sichjo" genre. Among them are Kim Chon So, Nam I, Lee Sun Sin. Sijo genre is considered a lyrical genre with the image of experience, it combines Korean folklore traditions and three religious and philosophical teachings of Far Eastern peoples (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). REFERENCES USED 1. Andronova L.A. Culture of Korea. Part 1. Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk Polytechnic University. 2014 2. Barannikov V.D. Reader in Literature. M. 1996, p.250 3. Zhovtis A.L., Pak Ir P.A. Korean six-line poems (collection of poems by Korean poets of the 13th-19th centuries). - Alma-Ata, 1956. p. 148 4. Nikitina M.I. Ancient Korean poetry in connection with ritual and myth // M: Science Publishing House - 1982. - 328s; Korean poetry of the 16th-19th centuries. in the sijo genre: (The semantic structure of the genre. Image. Space. Time). - St. Petersburg: Center "Petersburg Oriental Studies", 1994. 312 p. 5. Korneeva I. V. Ideas about education and scholarship in Korean literature of the Joseon period: 1392-1910. Abstract dis. ...can. Phil. Sciences. - M., 2009 6. Kurbanov S.O. History of Korea from Antiquity to the beginning of the XXI century. [Electronic resource]. 16 V. N. Kim, U. T. Saidazimova, I. L. Pak. Literature of the studied country. - T.: ToshDSHI publishing house, 2010. - B. 84-85. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 161 www.americanjournal.org 7. V.N.Kim, U.T.Saidazimova, I.L.Pak. Literature of the studied country. - T.: ToshDSHI publishing house, 2010. - 192 p., Kim VN, Pak IL, Saidazimova UT. Literature of the country of study language (Korea): textbook. - Tashkent, 2009. 8. Soldatova M.V. Formation of national poetry in Korea in the first quarter of the 20th century. Vladivostok: DVGU, 2004.-188 p. 9. Tikhonov V.M. History of Korea. T. 1. From the earliest times to 1876. - M: Muravey, 2003, p. 373. 10. http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9 &sort=hit&command=body&no= 168&PHPSESSID=4caae87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62feleven.https://www.joongang.co.kr/amparti cle/20016273 http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9%20&sort=hit&command=body&no=%20168&PHPSESSID=4caae87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62f http://www.sjhik.com/technote/board.php?board=S02&page=9%20&sort=hit&command=body&no=%20168&PHPSESSID=4caae87e8e7784c17c7a9ce17c56d62f