American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 186 www.americanjournal.org THE ROLE OF DUTOR IN THE PERFORMANCE OF UZBEK FOLK INSTRUMENTS Berdiyeva Dilobar Davronovna, Master Degree, Karshi State University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The melody of the national instrument awakens national pride and pride in people’s hearts. We know that among the national musical instruments of the Uzbek people, the dutor instrument is of great importance in terms of performance capabilities. This article discusses the role of the dutor instrument in the performance of national instruments. Music, pedagogue, skill, qualification, methods, professional skills, qualified specialist. Introduction It is known that musical instruments are the material and spiritual wealth of the nation. There are many musical instruments in the performance of the Uzbek national musical instrument, but each of them has its own place in terms of its tone and performance. In the performance of Uzbek national classical music, there is such a sound that has its own melody, and it is called dutor. Dutor instrument is a musical instrument that glorifies the traditions that have arisen over time through national melodies and corresponds to them through examples of practical art created specific to the national spirituality of the people. The Uzbek dutori differs from other musical instruments with its gentle, elegant, juicy and sweet tone. It is mainly made of mulberry and apricot wood. The bowl (resonator) of the instrument is made of 8-12 thin boards (ribs) glued together. A thin cover is closed over the upper, open part of the pelvis and the pelvis is connected to the shaft through the throat. 17-18 veils are tied to the long and thin handle of the dutot. Decorative patterns made of mother-of-pearl are carved and glued to the bowl and handle. Strings are woven from silk threads. They are tuned to Tanavor sozi (fourth), Munojot sozi (fifth), Koshtor sozi (unison). In Uyghurs, the dutor is larger, in Turkmenistan, only the carved (dig) type is found, in Khorezm and Karakalpakstan, along with the rib-shaped dutor, there are also small, carved dutor. Dutor is a soloist and chornavoz musical instrument, which requires great performance skills from the musician. Dutor is a very ancient musical instrument that dates back to centuries BC. Dutor (the meaning of the word) is a Tajik word that means two narrow. Dutor is a soloist and chornavoz musical instrument, which requires great performance skills from the musician. Dutor’s performance includes single percussion, double percussion, wrist percussion, bidartma, and reverse percussion. The first written information about dutor can be found in the treatise «Scientific and practical rules of music» (chapter 16) by Nawai’s contemporary, Zainulobiddin al-Husaini. Dutor is one of the most popular musical instruments among women and girls in Uzbekistan. Currently, the unique styles of national dutor performance are manifested through 4 main (Andijan, Tashkent, Samarkand and American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 187 www.americanjournal.org Khorezm) schools. In the 20th century, Dorip Dutorchi, M. Najmiddinov, O. Rustamov, K. Jabbarov, Ferghonada Kozhikhan Madrahimov performed «Nolish», «Shepherd», «Andijan Kurdi», «Andijan Saykali», «Tuya bozlok», «Koshtar» from the representatives of the Andijan school in the 20th century. «; «Sharob 1, 2», «Shafoat 1, 2, 3», Tashkent Saykali» in the interpretation of major representatives of the Tashkent school, Salikhan Haji, A. Vahobov, F. Sodikov, M. Yunusov, T. Alimatov, Z. Obidov, S. Yoldoshev. , «Tashkent Kurdi», «Rajabi 1, 2», «Kurash», «Dutor Bayoti», «Dutor Navosi»; «Guluzorim», «Beboqcha», «Bozurgoni» performed by Haji Abdulaziz, Qori Siroj Yusupov from Samarkand school. «Valley of Flowers»; performed by N. Boltayev, Yu. Jabbarov from the Khorezm school, expressed in such classical tunes as «Koradali», «Alikambar», «Saqili Navo». Since the 1970s, Shashmaqom instrumental and singing songs have also been performed in solo dutor. Among the composers, N. Hasanov «Cherry», F. Sodikov «Dutorim», S. Yoldoshev «Dil Kuylasin», Z. Obidov «Mountain Beauty», O. Kasimov «Yangra Sozim» created works for dutor performance. loves to play tunes on the instrument. It is considered one of the instruments that can skillfully play Uzbek folk tunes. After the improvement (reconstruction) of instruments under the leadership of masters Usman Zufarov and A.I. Petrosyans, the dutor family was formed and several types of dutor (dutor prima, dutor second, dutor alto, dutor tenor, dutor bass and dutor contrabass) instruments were created. Dutor prima range sozi bandwidth used Dutor seconds range sound bandwidth used Dutor alt range bandwidth used After the improvement of the dutor instrument, the number of curtains in the dutor increased to 24. Among dutor instruments, dutor prima, dutor alto, dutor bass and dutor double bass instruments are widely used. Dutor prima and dutor alto are solo instruments, while dutor bass and dutor kontabas instruments play the role of the foundation in the orchestra. The range of the dutor family, used in the orchestra, has a pitch range from the major octave mi to the third octave lya. The dutor alto and dutor contra bass sound an octave lower than they are written as transportable instruments. The dutor alto is a transposable instrument that sounds an octave lower than it is written. He can play large pieces (solo) accompanied by an orchestra on the dutor alto and dutor prima instruments. Dutor American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 188 www.americanjournal.org alto is distinguished from other instruments by its mellow, soft and pleasant sound. In terms of sound, it is much lower, and its technical capabilities are not as wide as other instruments, but in recent years, experienced and skilled performers have revealed all aspects of this instrument’s capabilities. Dutor prima instrument made it possible to skillfully perform musical works of Russian, foreign and other national composers and composers. Dutor alto and dutor prima definitely have their place in the orchestra. Dutor alto can be played in a variety of different bars (terma zarab, click zarab, reverse zarab, wrist zarab, pissicato). Due to the richness and variety of methods in dutor playing, its place in the orchestra is important. Dutor is an accompanist for a solo instrument and is distinguished by its pleasant and soft sound. Among the Uzbek folk instruments, the dutor instrument has become a favorite instrument of the Uzbek people due to its soft voice and attractive tone. Currently, the dutor instrument is being taught to young dutor players by qualified teachers in all music schools and other music education centers of our republic. There are differences between traditional dutor performance and academic dutor performance. Abdisoat Vahobov, Yusuf Aliyev Davlatokhun Kadirov, among the dutor musicians who have earned the respect of the public with their performance styles and beautiful melodies, when they play the dutor, people feel homesick and plunge into the ocean of emotions. In addition to this, among the masters of dutor, Shakir Sartarosh, Arif Kasimov, Tokhtamurod, who won the respect of many dutor shinavandas with their skillful performances, brilliant creations, melodious, attractive, and melodious sounds. Rasulov, Mahmud Yunusov, Sadiqjon Kasimov, Zakirjon Abidov, Olimbek Sayfiddinov, who made a great contribution to the development of masters and teachers, and these artists will never be forgotten. Ghulam Ko‘ is one of the leading dutor artists, who now have their place and voice in the solo instrument and multi-voice orchestra of the improved dutor and dutor family. Chkhorov, Abdirahim Hamidov, Mirsodiq Ergashev, Akram Toychiyev, Ismatilla Rakhmatillayev, Roziboy Hojiyeva, Malika Ziyayeva, Obidjon Odilov, Sultan Kasimov, Gulchehra Muhamedova, and other dutor musicians and masters performed the dutor instrument in the performance of folk instruments. The use of styles, strokes, and the improvement of the dutor instrument show that it has its own sound and its place in being played by the people. Literature 1. A.A. Semenov. Central Asian treatise on music by Darvish Ali (XVII century), Tashkent, 1946. 2. A. Liviyev. History of Uzbek national musical instruments. Tashkent 2005 y 3. Karomatov F. Uzbek instrumental music (heritage). T.: Ed. lit. and claims to them. Gafur Gulyama, 1972. 360 p. 4. Вызго Т.С. Музыкальные инструменты Средней Азии. Исторические очерки. «Музыка». М., 1980 5. Petrosyants A.I. Instrumentation. - Tashkent: Ukituvchi, 1980. - 127 p. 6. G.M. Muhamedova “Dutor” - Tashkent, 2003 7. Akbarov, Dictionary of Music. Tashkent G. Ghulam Literary and Art Publishing House - 1987. 8. Khudoyev G. Traditions of playing the zhizhak instrument. T.: «Editor», 2014. 163 p. 9. Sh. Rakhimov. Instrumentation and score reading. T.: Music, 2009 p. 55.