American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 193 www.americanjournal.org SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNİTS IN MODERN ENGLISH Rakhmatullayeva Makhbuba Zafar kizi Master’s Degree in English Philology, Karshi State University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The aim of the work is to cover the issues of researching the semantics and structure of phraseological units. An analysis of the characteristics of phraseological semantics is one of the problems causing numerous scientific disputes. phraseological units, aphorisms, cosmic technique, forming interjections, idioms Introduction Phraseology is one of the branches of the science of language that studies the etymology, semantics, structure and functioning of phraseological units. In scientific linguistic literature, the term "phraseological unit" is considered in a broad and narrow sense. Some researchers attribute aphorisms ,idioms and catchphrases to phraseological units. In the lexical composition of the language, phraseological units occupy a significant place, since they figuratively and accurately convey thought, reflect various aspects of reality. Main part. A.V. Koonin classified phraseological units according to the way they are formed. He pointed out primary and secondary ways of forming phraseological units. Primary ways of forming phraseological units are those when a unit is formed on the basis of a free wordgroup : a) Most productive in Modern English is the formation of phraseological units by means of transferring the meaning of terminological word-groups, For example. in cosmic technique we can point out the following phrases: «launching pad» in its terminological meaning is «uchish maydoni», in its transferred meaning – “yuborish manzili”, «to link up» -«aloqa o’rnatmoq» in its tranformed meaning it means – «tanishmoq»; b) A large group of phraseological units was formed from free word groups by transforming their meaning, For example. «granny farm» -«qarilar pansionati» «Troyan horse» - «kompyuter uchun dastur» c) Phraseological units can be formed by means of alliteration ,For example. «a sad sack» - «baxtsiz voqea» «culture vulture» - «san’atga ishqiboz odam»; d) They can be formed by means of expressiveness; especially it is characteristic for forming interjections, For example. «My aunt!», « Hear, hear !» etc; e) They can be formed by means of distorting a word group, For example, «odds and ends» was formed from «odd ends»; f) They can be formed by using archaisms, For example. «in brown study» means «in gloomy meditation» where both components preserve their archaic meanings; American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 194 www.americanjournal.org g) They can be formed by using a sentence in a different sphere of life, For example. «that cock won't fight» can be used as a free wordgroup when it is used in sports (cock fighting ), it becomes a phraseological unit when it is used in everyday life, because it is used metaphorically, h) They can be formed when we use some unreal image, For example. «to have butterflies in the stomach» -«xavotir olmoq», «to have green fingers» -«bog’bonlik qo’lidan kelmoq» etc. i) They can be formed by using expressions of writers or polititions in everyday life, For example. «corridors of power» (Snow), «American dream» (Alby) «locust years» (Churchil), «the winds of change» (M. Millan). Prof N. Amasova gives two categories of phraseological units depending on whether just one component or both are used in phraseologically bound meaning. If all the components have idiomatic meaning such phraseological units are called «idioms», For example: to toe the line (to do exactly as one is told), a free lance (a person who acts independently). If one of the components has bound specialized meaning dependent on the second component she called «phrasemes».For example. dutch courage (courage given by drink), to bring to book (to bring to justice), small years (in the childhood), small beers (weak beer). Prof. A.I. Smirnitsky worked out structural classification of phraseological units, comparing them with words. He points out one-top units which he compares with derived words because derived words have only one root morpheme. He points out two-top units which he compares with compound words because in compound words we usually have two root morphemes. It is also possible to identify different features of phraseological expressions by classifying them according to their external form. This classification focuses more on the number of words in a phrase. The results of the classification can be used to determine the number of words in a phrase. Many linguists argue that a phrase is more than two words long. However, observations show that phraseological expressions consist of two, three or more words. But some linguists say that there are also one-word phrases. In particular, according to Professor A. Jafarov, one- word phrases are formed at the highest stage of development of the idiomatic compound. This type of expression can be expressed as a compound word or as a single word. They differ from compound words in that they do not express a direct idea. True, it means idiomatic in one word. But it's hard to say. Because a phrase has to be a combination of words. The opinions of V.V. Vinogradov, A. Abakumov, A. Askhakhmatov are valuable [12-23]. Idiomatic words are made up of single words and have an idiomatic meaning. But the phrase cannot reflect the features it reflects. According to Academician V.V. Vinogradov, the development of phraseological combinations should begin with phraseological integrity and turn into phraseological double loops, from phraseological integrity to phraseological confusions, and then to phraseological compounds. Based on this opinion, Sh. Rakhmatullayev's opinion that "Idiomatic words are formed based on phraseological compounds" is well-founded. Conclusion Explains the relationship of form and meaning of phraseological units in English and Uzbek, as well as the lingua-cultural specificity of phraseology. Phraseological units differ in form and meaning, etymology, and modernity. The polysemy in them shows that they have many meanings. Most of the phraseology, which includes place names, is formed in the national - cultural context and enriches the phraseological layer. Phraseologisms representing place names American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 11, April, 2023 P a g e | 195 www.americanjournal.org are based on the expression of people's daily life, values, nationality, dreams of today and tomorrow. In conclusion, it should be noted that most of the national and cultural idioms are related to the daily life, customs and traditions of the people. The analysis of phraseological units based on the interaction of cultures shows that the phrases are similar. References 1. Yo’ldoshev B. (1992). Frazeologizmlarning adabiy til normasi munosabatiga doir. T.: O’TA, (3). 37-42. 2. Yo’ldoshev B., Xalilov Q. (2007). Shoir Erkin Vohidovning frazeologizm qo’llash mahorati haqida, Samarqand.(monografiya). 3. Doniyorov X., Yo’ldoshev B. (1988). Adabiy til va badiiy stil’. T:. “Fan”. 4. 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