American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 12, | May, 2023 P a g e | 1 www.americanjournal.org SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF POLITICAL LEXICON: ARCHAISMS, NEOLOGISMS, HISTORICISMS Ismatova Shakhnoza Akhror's daughter Graduate Student of Karshi State University A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In this article, opinions were expressed about the semantic classification of political lexicon. strategy, political, meaning, semantics, archaisms, neologisms, historicisms Introduction Political discourse can be defined as a communicative act that attempts to convey a specific meaning with the aim of influencing or persuading others. In other words, political speech can be defined as a linguistic strategy - manipulation - that serves ideological goals. Political discourse can include formal discussions or informal discourse discussions about politics among listeners and family members (Liebes and Ribak, 1991). Political speech is essentially an expression of the whole complex of relations between an individual and society, and therefore this phenomenon is essentially functionally aimed at forming a certain part of the worldview or world image among the receivers. Using political discourse as a cornerstone, it is possible to understand how cultural values are modeled in different language communities, how social order is promoted, and which elements of the linguistic picture of the world remain outside the speakers' conscious discourse strategies. Each language forms a conceptual image of the world that is unique to its society. A political text contains extralinguistic information (a world image) and symbolic information (a world image represented by a symbol, a denomination). Political speech not only has a meaning related to reality, but also has an important "connection" subjectively associated with a certain group or groups of people. Different subjects of communication appear in speech in different ways: communicative forms create their content [1,50]. The analysis of important data of political speech is a communicative-minative analysis: who communicates and how he communicates. Political discourse is presented in faces. The face merges with the text, but at the same time it is the text itself. Mixing this "layer" or content creates new content. As a result, the author concludes that the same text spoken by different people "separates" into different texts: they are decoded, structured, classified and ordered differently by the audience. They provide a different picture of social interaction [1, 51]. According to I.F. Ukhvanova-Shmygova, semantic-basic research of political speech can provide important material about modern speech in general, and about political speech in particular. At this stage of society's development, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of political speech, as well as to determine the historical and national- specific features of political speech, the continuity or discontinuity of certain styles, types, forms. [1, 51]A political text is a product of the conflict of different interests and strategies, resulting ideas, American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 2 www.americanjournal.org voluntary actions and discourses of political subjects. [1.70]. A political text is verbalized political activity in all its forms: both signified/symbolic (normative and accumulative activities) and unsigned (performative texts). This concept covers the subject scope and style features of political activity carried out in language and through language. Political discourse is a set of political discourses of society: power discourse, counter-discourse, public rhetoric that strengthens or destabilizes the existing system of social relations [2,35]. The modern study of the speeches of political leaders is expressed in two ways: 1. Speech analysis 2. Semiotic analysis Discourse analysis (the broadest research paradigm) and semiotic analysis (a narrower approach, because it does not take into account the socio-historical conditions that are the object of analysis. performs tasks, but focuses only on the symbolic nature of speech) [2,164]. According to Sheygal E.I., the most characteristic of all types of communicative actions for "political" speech is the deliberate action of "persuasion" manifested in various ethno-specific methods. These ethno-cultural styles are created as a result of a complex interaction of two types of stereotypes: linguistic related to the semantic advantages of the language and related to behavioral norms and value criteria established in society. Persuasion is effective if it is implemented on the basis of principles that reflect established behaviors and attitudes in the community [2, 33]. Therefore, when interpreting political speech as a whole, one should not be limited to purely linguistic moments, otherwise the essence and purpose of political speech will be overlooked. Understanding political discourse involves knowing the background, the expectations of the author and the audience, the hidden intentions, the plot patterns, and the favorite logical transitions that exist in a given period. Political speech forms an important part of our communication and involves high-level arguments to defend an opinion, justify or refute an opinion, or gain the approval of an audience. Political speech often uses lexical and stylistic tools, which is explained by their great argumentative potential, great imagery, because these texts are intended for public speech and immediately attract the attention of the listener, affect his emotions. intended for. We classified the political lexicon semantically into archaisms, neologisms, historicisms, resurrected words. First, we will consider archaisms in political speech. There are many obsolete words in the vocabulary of the language. What the word expresses, the development of concepts in life or the emergence of new words to express them ensures that the content of the vocabulary is updated. Therefore, the phenomenon of words leaving the daily speech process is a natural phenomenon for living languages. Words that have fallen out of use or are falling out of use are divided into historical words and archaisms in linguistics. These words are different from each other: historical words are used in historical texts to mean things, events, concepts specific to the past, history. In the modern language, there is no need for synonyms for them. For example: executioner, monster, etc. Archaisms usually have their synonyms in the modern language. Therefore, the meaning of archaisms does not leave the language and life like historical words, but the things and events they mean are preserved in life, and the original name is replaced by a new name: lip (lip). , yavuq (near) and others are among them. Below is an excerpt from the speech of Smail Ospanov (Orinbosar of the governor of Navoi region during the leadership of Islam Karimov): American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 3 www.americanjournal.org Here, the first mistake made in relation to the problem is that we said that we will get rid of the problem if we collectivize state farms and take them out of state control. In general, the collective farm was no different from the state economy. The chairman was sitting there, the secretary of the regional committee was sitting above him, the minister was sitting on one side, etc. There, the collective farmer had nothing to do with the collective farm property. This system originated in the 1930s from the property of those who came with a cart, someone with a donkey, and another with an ox. Therefore, what they did in the first place, he said, they will turn the state farms into collective farms and they will not be state property. But the process inside is the same. Remuneration for labor, attitude to property has not changed. We considered this a reform. But there were controversies. There were opinions that if we don't make private property, if we don't increase people's interest, [the industry] will not grow. But these were not taken into account. The laws did not come out on time. Only in 1995, laws on farmers and farms were issued. Those were the times, and for some reason things were done backwards. In the speech above, the words "kolkhoz", "secretary of the district council", "collective property", "sovkhoz" are archaisms. Although these words are out of use today, they are used to remember, compare and give examples of our history and past. Neologisms. Just as it is natural for words to become obsolete and fall out of use in languages, it is also natural for new words to enter the language. Otherwise, the language will not be able to function as the main means of communication in the human society, and the developing society will not be able to meet the requirements of the development of science and technology. Since the language is inextricably linked with the society, it is always in sync with it and develops together with the society. Neologisms are new words created as a result of the development of science and technology to express new relations, new things, events, and define concepts related to the acceleration of production. Neologisms are divided into lexical and semantic neologisms. Semantic neologisms are the use of a word existing in the language in a new meaning, while lexical neologism is the expression of a new concept based on the addition of existing words and morphemes in the language, the acquisition of words from other languages, and finally, it appears through the lexical- grammatical tools of different languages. will be For example, the words community and organization have existed in the Uzbek language for a long time. Public organizations that emerged from their merger concept is now widely used. Lexicon is the most powerful mobile layer of language. The lexicon of any language is constantly expanded, updated and enriched. Nowadays, the Uzbek language, like other languages, is facing the influx of new words. The emergence of new words is closely related to the growth of the people's consciousness, the development of the cultural, political and economic life of the people. New words quickly and directly accept the changes in the life of the people and enter the local language without any difficulties, therefore the vocabulary of the language is constantly changing. Below is an excerpt from President Shavkat Mirziyoyev's speech at the plenary session of the Council of Foreign Investors under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this regard, we started to establish a copper cluster. In its territory, we started to implement projects for the production of copper foil, electric motors, solar panels, cable-conducting products and other high-value-added goods. In addition, we intend to establish a network of production of electric cars. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 4 www.americanjournal.org We invite you, respected investors, to practical cooperation in these directions. Fifth, special attention is paid to attracting investments in the field of digitalization in Uzbekistan. We adopted the Digital Uzbekistan 2030 strategy. This document envisages digitization of all important sectors. We are organizing IT parks in the regions of our country. Residents of such parks are exempt from all taxes and fees. We understand well that the development of this industry is impossible without the active participation of foreign investors and technologies In the speech above, the words copper foil, electric motors, solar panels, cable conductor, IT parks, residents of parks are neologisms. Let's pay attention to the semantics of some of these words: Resident - [lat. residens, residentis sitting, staying in place] - 1 Diplomatic representative with a position lower than the ambassador. 2 A citizen of a country permanently residing in another foreign country. 3 A representative of a state intelligence agency working in the territory of another state. 4 Foreign bank, company, firm, etc. permanent employee in another country, performing this or that work (fully complies with the legislation of the country where he works). The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan has established the procedure for allowing individuals to take out foreign currency in cash to residents. From the newspaper. IT-Park is a complex of objects, buildings and structures designed to ensure the launch and marketing of promising start-up projects for IT companies, foreign economic zone, including integration with scientific and educational organizations. A place where active and talented people in the field of IT will have a real opportunity to turn their ideas into real business projects through accounting, legal, marketing and education. An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. An electric car is a vehicle powered by one or more electric motors with a battery pack. So, it can be seen that neologisms are often found in political speech, because many neologisms are introduced as a result of technological development and first of all they are widely spread in politics and then they become popular. References: 1. Baranov A. N. Political discourse: proshchanie s ritualom // Chelovek. — 1997. — No. 6. — S. 108-118. 2. M. B. «Political linguistics»: vexi razvitiya // Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii. — 2014. — No. 1. — S. 45-48. 3. Pimenova M. V. Political conceptual system // Political linguistics. — 2010. — No. 2 (32). — S. 47-57. 4. Sinelnikova L. N. 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