American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 12, | May, 2023 P a g e | 140 www.americanjournal.org ELECTRIFICATION HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURES Gulzora Nematjonovna Saidboboeva, PhD, Docent of the Department of Historical Sources and Archival Studies of the National University of Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S Necessary conditions have been created for strengthening the economic relations between the electric energy system, industry and social spheres, increasing their technical potential. Today, it is impossible to imagine any sphere of society's life without electricity. In the 21st century, the steady increase in demand for mineral resources for the purpose of energy production is the reason for the intensification of geopolitical rivalries. electricity, electrification, history, historical literature, Uzbekistan, former Soviet Union, historiography, industry. INTRODUCTION The steady increase in the demand for electricity in all sectors of the economy of economically developed countries requires the widespread introduction of new technologies into production. In the scientific research conducted in the field of science and technology in many higher educational institutions and scientific centers of the world, attention is being paid to the establishment of the production of electricity and the use of its renewable sources. The fact that almost half of the irrigated land in Uzbekistan is connected with the energy-consuming machine water lifting system, the constant increase in the electricity tariff remains one of the current issues. In this process, providing the national economy with hydropower, which is a cheap energy source, is one of the main solutions to the problem. Economic analyzes of foreign scientists show that hydroelectric power stations are likely to be the main source of electricity production in the long term. Because the price of fuel products is increasing, and the construction and operation of thermal and nuclear power plants is becoming more expensive. The development of the hydropower sector in Uzbekistan has a rich history. MAIN PART In the monograph devoted to the processes of the victory of the Soviet power in Central Asia and Kazakhstan, extensive information is given about the state of industry, the foundations of the economic policy of the Soviet state, the socio-economic situation in the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate[1]. M. Polatova’s article describes the state of the industry of the Turkestan ASSR during the transition to the NEP, H. Azamkulov, in his monograph on ending the technical and economic backwardness of the peoples of the Soviet East, writes that the Russian Empire was 50-100 years behind the advanced American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 141 www.americanjournal.org capitalist countries of the West in terms of industrial development, while Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan were 300-400 years behind[2]. G.R. Rakhimov’s brochure “Development of Electricity Energy in Uzbekistan” (“Razvitie electroenergetiki Uzbekistana”) gives information about hydroelectric power station of merchant Yusuf Davidov and Pavlov’s power station (Tashkent)[3]. In Kh. Joraev’s monograph, it is stated that the energy sector in the industry of Uzbekistan existed before the revolution, and the capacity of small power stations here did not exceed 10-15 horsepower[4]. R.H. Karimov’s book reflects the history of reconstruction of the national economy, implementation of NEP, and partial electrification in the regions that became part of the Turkestan and later Uzbekistan SSR[5]. Training of technical specialists in the Turkestan region, work carried out in this regard at People (later Central Asian State) University was observed in works published in different years by G.N. Cherdantsev, G.I. Zheltova, Yu.V. Steklov[6]. In the work published under the general editorship of P.S. Neporojniy, the measures taken regarding electrification in the former Soviet Union republics were analyzed[7]. Economic processes are partly reflected in the work devoted to the national policy of the Soviets in Central Asia, and information is also given about the Bozsuv hydroelectric power station[8]. Construction work is organized by manual labor. It is interesting to say that the entire mechanized equipment consisted only of railway wagons, pumping equipment, and a diesel-powered concrete mixer. Despite this, Bozsuv hydroelectric power station will be completed in a short time. The dam was built in 94 days, and the hydroelectric power station building and the main part of the hydrostructure were built in 9 months. In M. Nekrasova’s article, the main focus is on the issue of electrification in the country in Soviet historiography of the 20th century. The author thoroughly analyzes the main scientific works published in connection with the completion of the GOERO plan in 1931–1935 until the beginning of the 70s, in which the problem of electrification by historians, energy and economists emphasizes that joint work on it is the guarantee of its successful learning[9]. In the monograph dedicated to the working class in Uzbekistan, the authors approached the labor and political activities of the workers from the perspective of the ideology of their time, and covered the issue using the example of the field of electrification[10]. In M. Matniyazov’s work on the issues of the development and location of the republic's industry, the development of electrification in Uzbekistan during 1924–1974 was considered from the perspective of the ideology of the time and “socialist industrialization”, while in another work, electrification and its social consequences were studied on the basis of materials related to Central Asian republics[11]. In S.I. Babakhanova’s work on the industry of Samarkand, it is shown that the city's need for electricity can be fully satisfied by heat and, especially, hydropower plants built on the Zarafshan River[12]. A monograph written by a group of scientists glorifies the “greatness” of the Soviet system and sharply criticizes the researches of bourgeois “Sovietologists” who try to falsify it[13]. In monograph by M. Babakhanov, the industry of Turkestan and the conditions of its workers are analyzed on the basis of rich factual materials, and it is noted that the share of industry in the national economy is insignificant, technical progress has stopped, despite the presence of rich hydropower reserves of the country, there is not a single such power plant[14]. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 142 www.americanjournal.org F.P. Nesterenko’s scientific article is devoted to the issues of the electrification plan and its coverage in the press, the author mainly based on materials published in central newspapers and magazines (“Pravda”, “Krasnaya gazeta”, “Elektrichestvo”, “Ekonomicheskaya jizn”, “Komsomolskaya Pravda”) GOELRO tried to show the importance of the plan, to reveal that the press was a propagator of the industrial reforms of the Soviet state[15]. V.A. Nielsen notes in his research that the lighting works of Tashkent city began in 1887, when 100 lamps were installed, which is very few for a large city, and by 1909, 24 kerosene-calil lamps were installed along Shaykhontohur Street and 33 on Chigatoy and Kokcha Streets[16]. In several dissertation studies created in the Soviet era, issues of the history of electrification were considered. In particular, scientist M. Matniyazov, who was engaged in the history of electrification of the republic in the 60s-80s of the 20th century. candidate's thesis researched the activity of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan in the electrification of the republic during the war period of 1941– 1945, and the implementation of electrification in the republics of Central Asia and its social necessity was studied in his doctoral thesis. He also emphasized that at the beginning of the 20th century, electrification was at a low level not only in the territory of Turkestan, but also in the territory of the entire empire[17]. Sustainable development of agriculture and the related light and food industry in Uzbekistan is largely related to the processes of rational use of available natural resources, in particular, water and land resources. The geographic location of our republic (location inside the continent) and the extreme continentally of the climate (many sunny days), low rainfall, high evaporation requires effective use of available water resources. It is known that for this reason, the agricultural sector of the republic's agriculture is organized on the basis of the construction of hydro technical structures based on irrigated agriculture and the effective use of their technical and economic potential. The construction of hydro technical structures and their use in land irrigation in our republic dates back to ancient times. According to historical data, small reservoirs - ponds were built in the territory of the Central Asian countries at the end of the old era and the beginning of the new era. The purpose of their construction was to collect water from small streams and then use it for irrigation. CONCLUSION Most of the works that made up the historiography of the research work, which began in the 20s of the 20th century and continued until the 90s, did not take into account the general changes in electrification, historical and socio-economic laws, the sources of foreign countries that were considered advanced in electrification, and the statistics of the empire and the Soviet era with huge differences. compared on the basis of indicators, the process was mainly evaluated as an integral part of socialist construction. Currently, Uzbekistan’s hydroelectric power stations produce an average of 6-8 billion kW of energy per year. According to this indicator, our country ranks 50th out of 215 countries in the world. REFERENCES 1. Pobeda Sovetskoy vlasti v Sredney Azii i Kazakhstan. - Tashkent: "Science", 1967. - 771 p. 2. Pulatova M. Promyshlennost TASSR v gody perekhoda k NEPu // "Obshchestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane". - Tashkent, 1968. - #4. - S. 20-25; Azamkulov Kh. Liquidation of the technical and economic otstalosti narodov Sovetskogo Vostoka. - Dushanbe: Irfon, 1969. - 179 p. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 12, May, 2023 P a g e | 143 www.americanjournal.org 3. Rakhimov G.R. Development of electric power Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 1971. - 26 p. 4. Djuraev Kh. Promyshlennost Uzbekistana, tempy, struktur, effektivnost. - Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1974. - S. 152. 5. Karimov R.Kh. Uzbekistan v period vosstanovleniya narodnogo khozyaystva USSR (1921-1925) - Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", 1974. - 200 p. 6. Cherdantsev G.N. Istorii pervyx let Turkestanskogo universiteta (1918–1922) // "Nauka i prosveshchenie". - Moscow, 1922. - #2. - S. 94-95; Zheltova G.I. Nachalo cultural revolution in Turkestan // Iz istorii sotsialisticheskogo stroitelstva v Uzbekistane. - Tashkent: "Fan", 1969. - S. 3- 27; Steklov Yu.V. V.I. Lenin and electrification. - M.: "Nauka", 1970. - 344 p.; Loseva T.N. Nekotorye voprosy formation v Uzbekistane engineering-technical personnel // Nauchnye trudy TashGU. - Tashkent, 1970. Vyp. 335. - S. 109-116. 7. Razvitie elenergoeriki soyuznykh respublik. Pod obshchey redaktsiey P.S. Neprojnego. - M.: "Energy", 1972. - S. 361. 8. Rakhmanov N. Osushchestvlenie Leninskoy natsionalnoy politiki v Sredney Asiai. - Tashkent: "Fan", 1973. - S. 135. 9. Nekrasova M. Osnovnye aspekti elektrifikatsii SSSR v sovetskoi istoriographii // Istoriya i i istoriki. Istoriografichesky ejegodnik. 1972. - M.: "Nauka", 1973. - S. 5-19. 10. Istoriya rabochego klassa Sovetskogo Uzbekistana / Pod ed. Acad. I.M. Muminova. - Tashkent: "Fan", 1974. - 360 p. 11. Matniyazov M. Development of electrification in Uzbekistan for 50 years. - Tashkent: "Fan", 1974. - 144 p.; Ego eat. Electrification and eyo sotsialnye posledstviya (Na materialakh respublik Sredney Azii). - Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", 1984. - 167 p. 12. Babakhanova S.I. 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