American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 5, | Oct., 2022 P a g e | 8 www.americanjournal.org SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN THE UZBEK KHANATE STATEHOOD SYSTEM Mulladjanova Rano Abdulladjanovna Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Assistant of Professor Tashkent State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Tashkent A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In this article, the importance of water in the state system of the Uzbek khanates are extremely great, from a historical point of view, what was the water supply of the population of the Uzbek khanates, the state of the Aral Sea from the earliest times to the end of the 17th century, the changes that occurred in its basin at the end of the 19th century and attention was paid to its consequences. ecology, water problem, irrigation system, water bodies, reservoirs, state, politics, information, society, technology, social process, economy, social relations, nation and development. Introduction Today, there is no branch of science that has been left out when it comes to solving environmental problems. Including in the question of the water problem. The water problem in the Movarounnahr area has not been overlooked by scientists since ancient times. Academic Y.G.Ghulomov is also recognized in his major work "the irrigation history of Khorezm"[1], 1957-1959. Also one can also cite V.V.Bartold's research entitled "scientific results of Island expeditions"[2], published in 1902. In this study, we will witness the state of the Aral Sea from the earliest period to the end of the seventeenth century, the changes that occurred in its basin when it came to the end of the nineteenth century, the fact that in ancient times there were plans to flow Amu Darya water into the Caspian Sea in order to make. Bozsuv is a canal released from the Chirchik River in ancient times, its length is 159 km. The sources reflect the fact that the Chirchik flows along the ancient routes on the right bank, from the Northeast to the south-west, passing through the Zangiota and Yangiyul districts of the Tashkent region and the territory of the city of Tashkent, as well as through the lands of South Kazakhstan, into the Syrdarya near Chinoz. Looking at history and observing that the importance of water in the statehood system of Uzbek khanates is extremely great. The water supply of the population of the emirate of Bukhara was in a difficult situation. The bukharians mainly used pool water. In the summer months, the water of the Zarafshan River did not reach Bukhara. In the middle of the 19th century, there were about 100 pools in Bukhara and about 250 in the surrounding areas. Pond Devonbegi, pond Rashid, pond Hoja American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Oct., 2022 P a g e | 9 www.americanjournal.org Zainiddin, Labi pond, and Bolo ponds were popular in Bukhara. In the history of statehood of Bukhara khanate, the attention to water and water structures was so high that the surroundings of the city's pools were treated with marble and paving stones. Cisterns were built over the Eshoni Imlo and Halifa Khudoydod ponds. The devonhouse of the Bukhara emirate, madrasa, caravanserai, markets, teahouses, rich apartments were provided by special specialists with pool water. In the 19th century, the Khiva khanate was divided into 20 principalities and provinces. In addition to the Besharik and Kat - Kungirot viceroyalty and Khan's own specific territories (Khiva) there were also waterworks in the Khiva khanate, a kind of regulated system of meliorasia. The population was engaged in agriculture and livestock. This means that there was a great need for water and water facilities. The lands were irrigated by Shahabad, Yarmanu, Gazovot, Polvonyob, Qilich Niyozboy, Dovdin and other channels. The entire water system was concentrated in the hands of the khan and the nobility. Landless peasants were engaged in fishing. In the Kokand Khanate, the attention to water and water is even more ancient. From the VI-XV centuries to the seventeenth century, that is, before Shahrihonsoy was dug, a part of the Oqbura river flowing from Osh was flowing through the present-day Shahrihonsoy Uzan, passing through Asaka. The entire farming crop was irrigated from ditches built at the foot of Uzan and Aravansoy and developed steadily. The agriculture of the Kokand khanate was mainly organized by irrigation farming. By the 18th century, as a result of grazing, the water of the Oqbura River remains very little to Andijan. This state in the history of the country produces the need to extract water from the Black Sea, digging the Andijonsoy canal. Aravansoy water, which is also an aquifer, is also taken for the above-ground farmland and remains shortly after Asaka. Kokand Khan Amir Umarkhon (1809-1822) who, at the request of his life partner Nodirabegim (1792- 1842), connected the waterless lands in the entire Khanate area with each other, starting from Karadarya, in order to extract water to the waterless areas in the Khanate 102.km.ga the current city, which has been stretched, has drawn the project of the site. The excavation of the creek began in 1814 under the name "Nodirabegim arik". Unfortunately, Umarkhon dies in 1822, unable to complete this fantastic work that he had begun. After his death, the construction of the water structure will be continued by his son Muhammad Ali Khan. The construction of the ditch, which extends from Karadarya to the present-day Altiariq district, will be completed and they will build Shahrikhon (Khan city), located on its two banks in honor of Umarkhon. In the Kokand khanate, the price of the land was determined depending on its fertility and how much water it was supplied. Residents paid good attention to their maintenance to some extent, the further expansion of irrigation facilities, as irrigation networks were a great source of income. The water in the Khanate was so dear that although the peasants were not paid any fees by the Khanate, the peasants themselves regularly watched the irrigation facilities, dug additional new ditches, cleaned and corrected the old ones. The importance of water in the Uzbek khanates' statehood system was so high that external enemies who invaded the khanates sought to achieve their goals by blocking the water to capture the city. For example: on April 27, 1865, general Chernyaev, with an army of about 2,000 people and 12 cannons, again set off towards Tashkent, demolishing the dam from the Chirchik of the Kaikovus arug (Bozsuv canal)next to the Niyozbek fortress near the Chirchik river, leaving the city without water, on the night of June 7 to June 8, 1865, with the help. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Oct., 2022 P a g e | 10 www.americanjournal.org An analysis of the literature on the problem under consideration showed that a person consumes an average of 75 tons of water during his life. A rare book of Zoroastrianism in this matter – "Avesto" admits that there is life on earth, where there is water, air. So what is being done in our country on the issue of the water problem? The law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on protected natural areas" has been adopted. This law was introduced in accordance with the resolution of the Oliy Majlis of December 3, 2020 No. 711-II. In Article 17 of this law: ...Protection of water protection zones, coastal regions and zones of surface and groundwater formation is carried out by the same agricultural and water bodies, legal entities and individuals, in which agricultural and water bodies are organized on land plots of legal entities and individuals. Sanitary protection zones of water bodies are guarded by internal affairs bodies – reflected. Water, attention to water was not left out of the point of view of our ancestors. It is not for nothing that in ancient times our ancestors said: "Do not waste water even if you stand next to the ocean." Water is not an inexhaustible reserve, water, flora and fauna, as well as other natural resources are a nationwide wealth, the absorption of the need for rational use into the consciousness of the growing younger generation is one of the important tasks ahead of us. So let's appreciate the water flowing in front of us. References 1. Исломов Ў.И., Мирсоатова С.Т. Ўзбекистон ибтидоий археологиясини ўрганишда академик Яхё Ғуломнинг роли . Т.: “Фан”.2009.Б48. 2. Хўжамов М., ва бошқалар. Тарихий ўлкашунослик ва туризм. Т.: “Мумтоз сўз”. 2011.220б. 3. Бегматов А. Асака номи қаердан олинган? Андижоннома. 1996. 13 августь. 4. Бобоев Ҳ., Ҳасанов С. “Авесто” – маънавиятимиз сарчашмаси. Т.: “Адолат”, 2014. 137б. 5. Khaldarovna T. M., Numonovna E. G., Abdulladjanovna M. R. Role of Medialiteracy in Higher Education //American Journal of Social and Humanitarian Research. – 2022. – Т. 3. – №. 9. – С. 33-37.