



































International Journal of Biological Engineering and Agriculture


American Journal of Science and  

Learning for Development 
 

Volume 1 | No 2 | Dec-2022 

 

 

 
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Methods and Means of Forming Technological Skills of Primary 

School Students 

 
 

Tilavova Matlab Muhammedovna 
1
, Hojiyeva Nasiba Bahodirovna 

2 

 

 
1 

Bukhara State University 

2 
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute 

  
  
 

Abstract: In the article, the methods and means of forming the technological skills of elementary 

school students, the formation of the student's technological competence, literacy, worldview and 

culture, the set of technological knowledge and skills, the qualities of work, citizenship and 

patriotism are discussed. led by. 
 
Keywords: Technology, skill, primary class, method, tool, competence, outlook, culture, knowledge, 

labor, patriotism, student. 

 
  
The process of renewal and modernization in the field of education in our country is continuous in all 

parts of the education system, including in higher education, the training of mature specialists who 

can meet the requirements of the times, the formation of new knowledge and skills in them, their 

own working on it requires improving the ability to purposefully use the achievements of modern 

technology. Based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5712 dated 

April 29, 2019, a number of plans and projects were developed based on the "Concept of the 

Development of the Public Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030". 

In the world practice of the education system, the introduction of modern information and 

communication technologies based on the individualization of the teaching methodology and the 

competence approach is considered as a leading factor in ensuring the quality of education. In 

particular, the adoption of the Concept "Development of the public education system of the Republic 

of Uzbekistan until 2030" opened the door to major reforms in the field of education in our country. 

Concepts and curricula were edited and modified by Methodists and leaders in the ministries and 

brought to the state of the general complex. This complex is a unified concept of the continuous 

education system in the field of technology, concepts for the preschool education system, the 

curriculum for grades 1-9 of general secondary education, initial professional education, i.e., 2-year 

education for vocational schools. "The National Curriculum of Continuing Education of the Republic 

of Uzbekistan in Technology" is a complex consisting of the curriculum and the curricula of higher 

pedagogical education. 

The end of the 20th century is marked by the beginning of the formation of a new technological 

society, where technological knowledge and skills began to play a special role. This led to the 

emergence of a new technology - "Technology" in the curricula of schools in many developed 

countries of the world. Replacing traditional labor education, technology has become a must-learn 

for future builders and tailors, future bankers, doctors, actors and other professionals. 

Technology is the field of knowledge, methods and tools used for optimal transformation and use of 

matter (materials), energy and information in accordance with the plan and for the benefit of man, 

society and nature. 



 

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The ability to understand, use and manage technology, problem solving skills, creativity, awareness, 

flexibility of thinking and enterprise development constitute technological literacy. 

Technological competence consists of technological competences, the ability to use various methods 

and means of changing materials, energy, and information, to calculate economic efficiency and the 

possible environmental consequences of technological activity, to draw up one's life and professional 

plans. 'implies mastery. 

The active participation of young people in the development of science and technology requires not 

only the content of education, but also the method and organization of the teaching process, their 

interest in teaching, their creative ability, and the ability to apply their knowledge in practice. This 

gives the school the task of instilling the need for creativity in young people, teaching them creative 

skills, the basics of creative approach to any activity, and the ability to independently solve creative 

problems. The correct organization of the science of technology should teach students to overcome 

difficulties, to work hard to achieve the set goal, not to abandon the work started, but to finish it. 

Here, it is very important that students show positive results: joy, pleasure and satisfaction from 

work. 

The importance of teaching technology education is not limited to providing the opportunity to 

acquire labor skills, but it is necessary to recognize that these skills are needed for everyone. People 

participating in many academic councils would not have been so successful if they did not know how 

to do the chores of life: cooking, mending clothes, keeping things tidy, and so on. 

Teaching technology education should be carried out in accordance with the general requirements of 

modern pedagogic work and its methods. Teaching methods are the methods of the teacher and 

students, with the help of which the teacher achieves the acquisition of knowledge, skills and 

competencies by students. A teacher can use different teaching methods in his experience. The 

teacher's aspiration and behavior should be aimed at keeping the students' attention in the lesson, 

concentrating their thoughts, and their closeness. The teacher should value every moment of the 

lesson and teach the students to do the same. Each teacher is given the right to have his own style, 

the uniqueness of his method. However, it can be said that all this can be achieved only when they 

acquire solid knowledge, truths that are obvious to everyone at a glance. 

Teachers who want to devote their lives to teaching work should begin their career by mastering this 

well-known fact. They should learn from the very beginning to check what they have learned, 

explain a new topic, and reinforce what they have learned by using conversation, telling, and 

practical exercises in classes. It is possible to apply a new one only after mastering the truths known 

to everyone and taking into account the capabilities of the class. 

Skills and competence acquired in a blindly approximate way are narrow and cannot be thorough. 

The choice of practical tasks should be subordinated to the tasks of raising the theoretical and 

practical level of labor readiness. Assignments given to students should form their skills in creative 

research, education and working with literature. 

In primary grades, the content, size, and methods of work materials should correspond to the stage of 

preparation of students. It will not be appropriate to simply simplify the delivery of educational 

materials to students. Going in this way cannot ensure the mental development of students. It is 

advisable to study each topic from simple to complex. 

Many teachers are using different methods and methods of teaching, as well as organizing interesting 

extracurricular activities, achieving good learning results and instilling love and interest in 

knowledge. Such teachers, while teaching manual labor, teach students knowledge and skills in the 

field of life, help them develop creative abilities, interest in learning, and independent activity. 

Teaching methods should serve the acquisition of knowledge at such a level that students can draw 

the object according to any size and apply the acquired knowledge in practice, not based on the 

dimensions drawn by the teacher. 

The main system of methods used in teaching manual labor is as follows: 



 

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1. Oral presentation. 

2. Explanation and storytelling. 

3. Conversation. 

4. Exercises. 

5. Practical work. 

6. Independent works. 

7. Excursion. 

8. Work with the book. 

9. Technical means. 

The oral presentation method can take two forms: 

1. Making a monologue. Only the teacher speaks, and the students perceive and understand his 

speech. In manual work classes, it takes the form of explanation and storytelling, instruction. 

2. Method of dialogic narration. This is a mutual conversation between the teacher and the students. 

Explaining and telling stories. In this method, the material is presented vividly and figuratively. In 

this case, the teacher himself gives new knowledge. Sometimes during the conversation it is 

appropriate to ask students questions in order to find out how much they are learning. The story will 

be much more understandable if it is done by showing the completed works, natural pictures, 

photographs and the like. In this case, the rule "show and explain" is followed when explaining. 

When describing new material, it is necessary to assume that students are not the same. Special 

attention should be paid to the assimilators in the explanation. In the process of telling a story, in 

order to activate their understanding, one or two questions can be asked about the material being 

explained. 

The interview method can be used for various educational purposes, i.e., in the process of repetition 

to describe the new program material, to plan and deepen knowledge, to check the knowledge of 

students. In this way, it is useful to arouse curiosity in students and ask questions. A conversation, 

like a story, must meet certain requirements, namely: 

 questions should be formulated in such a way that they activate students' thinking, encourage 

them to search for a clear and convincing answer; 

 in order to be consistent in revealing the topic, the plan of the interview must necessarily include 

pre-planned questions; 

 it is necessary to determine in advance which arguments and conclusions the attention of the 

students will be focused on. 

The conversation should help in deep and conscious mastering of the educational material, serve as a 

tool in the formation of the skills and abilities of conscious planning of the future practical work in 

students, and help inculcate the skills of practical application of the acquired knowledge. 

Exercises are held to strengthen knowledge and skills. In order to strengthen skills and competences, 

the teacher gives the students various exercises, in which he organizes creative works and refers to 

exercises that require more independence. The essence of this method is the conscious repetition of 

increasingly complex methods and actions. Exercises are mass and individual, that is, the same work 

can be done in the whole group and all students can do different things. Since the characteristic 

feature of the exercises is the repetition of the same action, it is required to keep the interest of the 

students in the work being done. Exercises at the end, it is necessary to analyze the cases, based on 

the analysis of the best cases, to show who achieved what results. At the same time, it is necessary to 

dwell on the shortcomings and explain what needs to be done to improve the quality of work or 

increase the speed of execution. 



 

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Practical work. This method helps to teach students how to apply their knowledge in practice. It is of 

great educational importance for students to independently draw up a plan for carrying out practical 

work. 

The performance of visual aids by students can also be included in practical work. It helps to 

consolidate the acquired knowledge. 

Independent work. These are works that are performed without the direct participation of the teacher, 

but at a time specially allocated by his assignment. In this place, students use their aspirations and 

express the results of their mental and physical actions in one form or another and consciously try to 

achieve the goal set in the task. 

Starting from the first lessons, work should be organized in such a way that students feel that there 

should be an organic connection between theoretical knowledge and practical skills in order to 

acquire manual labor. Formation of students' skills should not be separated from conscious activity. 

In the process of performing independent work, along with the formation of skills, students test their 

strength, knowledge and abilities. 

The wide use of independent work helps to develop students' creative approach to work, their interest 

in learning, and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. 

Excursion is one of the main methods of technology education. During the excursion, students get 

acquainted with various production equipment, observe and study labor and production processes. 

Organizing excursions to various labor facilities, familiarizing students with working people, the 

equipment they use, the organization of the labor process and the products produced, samples of new 

equipment and modern production technology, advanced work methods and it can be organized for 

the purpose of studying the methods of scientific organization of work. 

Excursion plays an important role in increasing interest in learning, instilling in students a sense of 

independence and learning about life. It will be more effective if the production representatives also 

participate in conducting the tours. During the excursion, students will get to know the production 

technology. Before conducting the excursion, it is necessary to set specific goals for the students, and 

after the excursion, conduct a question-and-answer session. For example, before organizing an 

excursion to a textile factory, students can be assigned tasks in groups. 

Work with the book. Before introducing the book to the students, the teacher should carefully study 

the book and determine what can be recommended from it. Pupils should be gradually taught to work 

independently with books. 

Technical tools. Today, all areas of education cannot be imagined without technical means. It is used 

in manual labor training to study some departments, to provide information about professions, to 

teach the technology of preparing practical work, to introduce the rules of safety equipment. 

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