



































International Journal of Biological Engineering and Agriculture


American Journal of Science and  

Learning for Development 
 

Volume 1 | No 2 | Dec-2022 

 

 

 
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Structure and Functions of Intelligent Transport Systems 

 
 

Iroda Berdiyorova 
 

 
Teacher, Jizzakh polytechnic institute 
  
  
 

Abstract: In this article given functions and structure of intellegent trsnport systems. Nowadays ITS 

plays an important role in the management of urban transport systems and safety of people and 

transport movement. 
 
Keywords: structure, functions, ITS, transport, social, road, sustainaility, infrastructure. 

 
  
INTRODUCTION 

In the field of transportation, the need to meet the demand for cargo and passenger transportation 

services is a concern of the whole world. Intellegent transportation systems (ITS) created using 

intelligent information and communication technologies provide economically, environmentally and 

socially sustainable solutions that provide efficient and rapid access to information. These solutions 

mainly enable the integration of road transport with other transport modes in a way that each mode 

complements the other, creating a more efficient global transport system. 

Many different applications related to ITS, which are of great importance in solving the problems of 

road transport, which are the most used in cargo and passenger transportation in Uzbekistan, have 

been implemented in developed countries, and developing countries are also increasingly using these 

technologies. is using more. It is intended to present the ITS architecture used by analyzing 

applications in Uzbekistan and some developed countries. After reviewing how internationally 

accepted architecture and standards were created and existing applications in Uzbekistan, the 

components of this architecture were identified. 

RESAERCH AND METHODS 

Global economic downturn of recent years has led to a severe reduction in demand, which has led to 

a significant reduction in production, trade and transport worldwide , and has had an immediate 

impact on the entire world. In 2021-2022, the decrease in the volume of cargo transportation was 

greater than the decrease in the volume of trade, and the decrease in the volume of trade was greater 

than the decrease in production . These declines have led to losses in the employment sector, 

especially in advanced economies. Another consequence of the crisis was the acceleration of the 

transfer of economic assets from developed economies to developing economies, and this change 

was also evident in the transport sector. 

Most important factor in the formation of this situation is the fact that the activity in the field of 

transport is closely related to economic development and fluctuations in the business world. 

Economic growth, continuous population growth and increasing urbanization have become more 

decisive for the future of the sector in the transport sector, which is significantly influenced by 

macroeconomic indicators. Higher per capita income and population growth will increase the need 

for both passenger and freight mobility. Developing countries such as China and India have also seen 

post- crisis growth in passenger and freight traffic. In addition to these, the world 's foremost 

demands for safe, timely, shorter and more convenient transportation have accelerated the 



 

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development of transportation in recent years. Taking into account the integrated operation of 

transport modes supported by logistics services, the creation of an efficient and effective transport 

infrastructure within the framework of this development, there was a need to implement a policy that 

gives priority to the human factor and minimizes the damage to the environment . In this context, the 

concept of sustainability, which emphasizes efficiency and effectiveness, is directly related to safety 

elements, energy consumption reduction and efficient use of land. 

Given the critical role that transport plays in poverty prevention, employment and education 

opportunities, access to markets and utilization of underutilized land, the need for sustainable 

solutions to address the growing challenges, especially for developing countries, is likely to increase 

in the future . The Industrial Revolution, which began about 200 years ago, the Manufacturing 

Revolution, which has a 100 -year history and emphasizes the use of information and efficiency in 

production, and the Management Revolution, which occurred during this period by adding 

information to information. The 2000s encompassed the rapid development and change of 

information and communication technologies. 

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are designed and created using information and 
1
communication technologies to meet the growing demand for passenger and cargo services in the 

transportation sector in a more efficient, safer and environmentally friendly way. Fast and efficient 

access to information offers environmentally and socially sustainable solutions. Such solutions 

essentially ensure the integration of road transport with other modes of transport, each mode 

complementing the other and creating a more efficient global transport system. In addition, for a 

transition economy that is building high -tech infrastructures that help to eliminate gaps and 

obstacles in road networks, in terms of ensuring fast and safe mobility, which is one of the main 

priorities of the formation of society. The added value of such solutions is based on social justice and 

cannot be denied. 

This thesis aims to reveal the possible ITS architecture in Uzbekistan by studying the applications in 

some developed countries and the existing applications in Uzbekistan. In this direction, how 

internationally accepted architectures and standards are created is discussed and an ITS architecture 

proposal is presented by evaluating current practices in different countries and Uzbekistan. 

Due to the increasing trend in road transport in Uzbekistan in recent years, along with some 

problems such as air pollution, traffic safety and traffic congestion, the general framework of ITS is 

drawn, and the standards are defined, history, architecture and ma information is provided. 

In emergencies, it is difficult to create transportation systems that move people together from one 

point to another, minimize fuel consumption and vehicle emissions , deliver goods, and provide the 

most beneficial trips in terms of time and cost. Indeed, creating a transportation system that 

minimizes accidents and maximizes the system's capabilities by alerting drivers to all kinds of 

situations such as weather conditions around vehicles, traffic jams, and other potential hazards can 

be seen as a truly challenging goal. However, the use of technologies produced by today's scientific 

developments in various fields for a safe, efficient and sustainable transport system is generally 

described as Intelligent Transport Systems (AUS) applications. 

various sources it is said that the definition of ITS applies to information and communication 

technologies developed for other types of transport, ITS is a concept that appeared in road transport 

accepted in international standards . AUS is a systems engineering program that uses information 

and communication technologies to operate and manage infrastructure and superstructures in the 

highway network, which consists of intercity and urban roads. AUS is an engineering discipline that 

involves the research, planning, design, integration and operation of various systems and applications 

to improve the efficiency of road transport systems, ensure their safety, increase their environmental 

benefits, and manage transport and infrastructures. This discipline includes strategic planning, 

system architecture, technology interoperability, data and communication in multiple modes and 

across jurisdictions, real-time data monitoring, timely and accurate user data. 

                                                                 
2.1  



 

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ITS stakeholders consist of technical experts and, broadly speaking, many different users in a 

multidisciplinary structure within the industry. Each stakeholder must bring their knowledge and 

perspectives to the subject to plan, develop, manage and implement multimodal ITS. 

Civil engineers, electrical and electronics engineers, systems engineers, urban and regional planners, 

logistics, policy, finance and business professionals, public safety and emergency personnel, and 

many people from various fields related to transportation infrastructure are AUS stakeholders. Sea 

and air transport are widely used in intercontinental transport, which is one of the integral elements 

of economy and trade, while intercontinental trade is mainly carried out by road and rail transport. 

Passenger mobility has increased due to the convenience provided by private vehicles. However, the 

impact of the crisis and the coronavirus on production and distribution channels around the world has 

reduced traffic, especially heavy vehicles. However, after the coronavirus and the crisis, it can be 

said that previous calculations in road transport have been fulfilled, which is very important for the 

recovery of the economy. 

Uzbekistan, the transport sector is a very important part of the economy and in Uzbekistan 4.75 

percent of gross output and total employment belongs to the transport sector. The number of people 

directly employed in the transport sector in Uzbekistan is around 643 thousand, and employment in 

road transport makes up 95% of employment in the entire transport sector. 

Despite the changes taking place in passenger transport, especially in the air and rail sectors, it is 

observed that road transport still has the highest performance in the entire transport system. 

There are many types of public transport, and those operating in Uzbekistan include buses, taxis, 

subways, trolleybuses, railways and air. Private cars, company cars, military and ambulance 

vehicles, factory and supermarket service buses are not part of public transport. 

Table 1. Volume of passenger transportation in road transport, railways, air transport and 

electric transport (million roads) 

Direction 2019 year in % compared 

to 2017 

2020 year in % compared 

to 2017 

Car 5915.2 105.8 5192.9 92.9 

Railway 22.9 108.7 6.2 29.4 

Metropolitan 79.2 128.6 38.8 63 

Avia 3.24 147.5 0.9 40.9 

Tram and trolleybus 4.53 159.8 1.6 56.4 

Total 6.03 billion 106.1 5.24 billion 92.3 
 

In Table 1, the volume of passenger transportation by existing means of transport in Uzbekistan is 

analyzed in relation to 2017. According to it, the volume of passenger transportation in road 

transport, railways, airlines and electric transport at the end of 2019 will be 6.03 billion. passenger, 

and by the end of 2020, 5.24 billion. formed a passenger. 

Including: 

 Passenger transportation in road transport - 5 billion 915.2 million in 2019. passenger, 5 billion 

192.9 million in 2020. passenger (92.9 percent); 

Passenger transportation in railway transport - 22.9 million in 2019. passenger, 6.2 million in 2020. 

passenger; 

Passenger transportation - 79.2 million in 2019. passenger, 38.8 million in 2020. passenger; 

Passenger transportation by air transport - 3.24 million in 2019. passenger, 0.9 million in 2020. 

passenger; 

 Passenger transportation on trams and trolleybuses - 4.53 million in 2019. passenger, 1.60 

million in 2020. passenger. 



 

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The fact that public passenger transport is considered one of the important elements of the socio-

economic environment in the country's transport system indicates that it is of high not only 

economic, but also social importance. Passenger transport is a tool that shows the social and 

economic potential of the country and regulates the system of social protection of the population. 

Based on this, in order to further improve the public transport service organization system, to create 

a competitive environment and favorable conditions for carriers of all forms of ownership, as well as 

to increase the transport and transit potential of the republic, the President of the Republic of 

Uzbekistan dated March 6, 2019 "Cargo and Passenger Transportation System" Decision No. PQ-

4230 "On radical improvement measures" was adopted and a number of benefits were granted to 

branch enterprises. 

If we pay attention to the policy of developed countries, the issue of transport is in the main place. 

There are a number of advantages of public transport, including: 

prevents traffic jams . Much of the heavy traffic on our roads in various cities around the world is 

due to the use of private vehicles and the perception of everyone wanting to use their own cars for 

their privacy and convenience. Recent studies have shown that a full transit bus in a public transit 

system is equivalent to about 55 cars on the road with one passenger; 

it harms the environment less. This, in turn, is beneficial for our cities, whose air is highly 

polluted; 

money is saved. Using public transport allows you to save up to four times more money than you 

would spend on a private car. Regular use of a private vehicle incurs maintenance costs and other 

additional charges, such as parking fees and speeding fines. By using public transport, you can save 

all the money that would otherwise be spent on using a private vehicle; 

physical activity . Walking has been proven to relax the mind and improve mental health. 

Consequently, walking between public transport routines can improve mental health and physical 

well-being; 

prevents depletion of natural and fuel resources . Trains, buses, ferries and trams significantly 

reduce dependence on fossil fuel reserves and materials that continue to destroy the natural 

environment. 

will stimulate the development of tourism . Tourists can be much safer and more relaxed than 

using public transport systems such as trains and buses, as it gives them the opportunity to meet new 

and interesting people from different cultures. 

buses and trains are much safer than private vehicles . Personal vehicle accidents contribute to 

higher fatality rates than accidents involving buses or trains. Every year, more than 40,000 deaths 

and many more injuries are caused by car accidents worldwide. 

improves the safety of places with public transport . Research based on evidence from 

criminology reports shows that places with public transportation have improved overall safety and 

reduced crime. Public transportation areas are actually better lit and patrolled, as well as police 

officers, reducing crime and increasing safety by more than 80 percent. 

If we pay attention to the statistics of Uzbekistan, road traffic accidents on public transport (buses) 

have decreased by four times in the last ten years . During the last 10 years (2011-2020), the 

following were committed by the drivers of the bus depots within the "Toshshahartranskhizmat" 

Joint Stock Company: 

 the number of traffic accidents increased by 76 percent; 

 57 percent of those who died; 

 the number of injured people decreased by 76%. 

For comparison, in 2011: road traffic accidents - 74; deceased - 7; injured - 83. 

In 2020: road traffic accidents - 18; deceased - 3; injured - 20. 



 

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For information, in 2020, the number of road traffic accidents decreased by 26% compared to 2019, 

and the number of deaths decreased by 60%. 

In January-April 2021, a total of 2,242 traffic accidents were recorded in Uzbekistan. As a result, 

557 people died, 1684 people were injured in various degrees. This, in turn, is a sign of the safety of 

public transport. 

There are also a number of disadvantages of public transport, which are as follows: 

 struggle for place; 

 crush and satiety are companions of public transport; 

 the speed of public transport is lower than that of private transport; 

 public transport aggression nest; 

 absence of public transport to the destination or transport exchanges; 

 obsolete vehicles; 

 it is necessary to speak in a low voice; 

 unpleasant smell and not clean; 

 and the main thing is that it does not meet hygienic requirements. 

Based on the above, determining strategic directions for improving service culture and efficiency 

based on the use of modern marketing research in the market of passenger transport services is an 

urgent task. 

In particular, it is necessary to pay special attention to the implementation of research in such areas 

as further improving the quality of passenger transport infrastructure and the organization of 

customer-oriented services, the organization of effective marketing activities aimed at the harmony 

of the relationship between the customer and transport enterprises. 

The reduction of energy resources is one of the important problems facing the world in terms of road 

transport. Fossil fuels are the main source of energy used by motor vehicles on the highway, and the 

use of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels has been on the agenda recently. According to the 

International Energy Agency (IEA), consumption in the transport sector accounts for 19% of energy 

consumption worldwide. 

Due to changes in oil prices and dwindling oil resources , it is estimated that road transport may face 

serious challenges in terms of energy efficiency with increasing demand in Uzbekistan, a major 

importer. 

of fossil fuels in road transport causes air pollution, and the increased use of motor vehicles also 

causes noise. Environmental impact, which is one of the main problems of road transport, is seen as 

another area where bigger problems may arise in the future if no measures are taken. According to 

the IEA, 23% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fuel consumption come from transport. 

According to projections in Figure 1.1, this figure is expected to increase to 50% by 2030 and 80 % 

by 2050 . 



 

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Figure 1.1. Information on the impact of harmful substances on the environment 

(www.dataworldbank.org ) 

Road safety is one of the most important problems in road transport. The concept of safety in the 

transportation system is the ability to transport one or more vehicles or goods from one place to 

another without causing any damage, with the least possible risk. Of course, negligible or zero risk is 

the goal in the long run, but experience shows that no human activity can be completely risk-free. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Caused by the movement of vehicles, drivers, infrastructure and vehicles have increased , especially 

in developing countries due to population growth, urbanization and vehicles. Although traffic 

accidents resulting in death, injury or material damage cause losses in terms of the national economy 

of countries, human deaths and injuries also cause social damage. At the same time, the high cost of 

investments in highways caused difficulties in financing the central budgets of countries. Due to 

market fluctuations and crises in the recent period, market conditions and credit volumes have 

deteriorated, particularly in North America and the European Union, making it difficult or costly to 

obtain the necessary financing. Therefore, the planned road and transport projects need real and 

current technical and economic foundations, and the implementation period of such projects is also 

important. Furthermore, it should not be overlooked that infrastructure investments aimed at 

increasing the length and width of highways provide temporary solutions rather than ensuring the 

efficient use of existing highway capacity, and that the available financial resources are not long-

term and should be evaluated for sustainable solutions. In addition, with the increase in urban 

population, the more efficient use of urban roads and the planned integration of different modes of 

transport can have a positive effect on the financing of investments in different modes of transport. 

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