id	sid	eid	entity	type
ajsts-4488	1	1	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	1	2	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	1	3	american	NORP
ajsts-4488	1	4	khan1	PERSON
ajsts-4488	1	5	md zahirul islam2	PERSON
ajsts-4488	1	6	hossain3	GPE
ajsts-4488	1	7	4	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	1	8	1, year 2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	1	9	2837-0295	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	1	10	https://doi.org/10.54536/ajsts.v4i1.4488	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	1	11	february 02, 2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	1	12	march 06, 2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	1	13	april 11, 2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	11	1	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	11	2	nantong university	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	3	nantong	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	4	jiangsu	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	5	china 2 school of electrical	ORG
ajsts-4488	11	6	china university of mining and technology	ORG
ajsts-4488	11	7	xuzhou	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	8	jiangsu	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	9	china 3 school of business	ORG
ajsts-4488	11	10	nanjing university of information science & technology	ORG
ajsts-4488	11	11	nanjing	GPE
ajsts-4488	11	12	china	GPE
ajsts-4488	13	1	sharma et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	13	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	14	1	ibm	ORG
ajsts-4488	14	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	14	3	$4.45 million	MONEY
ajsts-4488	14	4	15%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	14	5	the previous three years	DATE
ajsts-4488	15	1	more than $10.5 trillion	MONEY
ajsts-4488	15	2	yearly	DATE
ajsts-4488	15	3	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	15	4	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	16	1	66%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	16	2	$1.54 million	MONEY
ajsts-4488	16	3	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	17	1	more than 85%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	17	2	96%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	17	3	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	18	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	18	2	34 percent	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	20	1	gdpr	ORG
ajsts-4488	21	1	cisco	ORG
ajsts-4488	21	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	21	3	91%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	21	4	56%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	21	5	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	22	1	hossain & nur	ORG
ajsts-4488	22	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	24	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	24	2	38	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	25	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	26	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	26	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	26	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	26	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	26	5	90%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	26	6	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	28	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	29	1	zero	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	31	1	abdullahi et al	ORG
ajsts-4488	31	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	32	1	truong et al.	GPE
ajsts-4488	32	2	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	33	1	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	34	1	islam	NORP
ajsts-4488	34	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	35	1	zhang et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	35	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	36	1	zhang et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	37	1	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	37	2	98%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	37	3	40%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	39	1	hossain et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	39	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	39	3	present-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	45	1	one	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	50	1	nist	ORG
ajsts-4488	56	1	2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	56	2	39	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	57	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	58	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	58	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	58	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	58	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	60	1	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	64	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	66	1	first	ORDINAL
ajsts-4488	66	2	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	66	3	ibm	ORG
ajsts-4488	66	4	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	67	1	cisco	ORG
ajsts-4488	67	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	68	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	69	1	first	ORDINAL
ajsts-4488	69	2	abdullahi et al.	ORG
ajsts-4488	69	3	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	76	1	truong et al.	GPE
ajsts-4488	76	2	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	77	1	zhang et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	77	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	78	1	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	79	1	islam	NORP
ajsts-4488	79	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	80	1	adil et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	80	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	83	1	first	ORDINAL
ajsts-4488	85	1	40	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	86	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	87	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	87	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	87	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	87	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	87	5	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	87	6	apts	ORG
ajsts-4488	90	1	truong et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	90	2	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	90	3	drl	ORG
ajsts-4488	90	4	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	91	1	abdullahi et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	92	1	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	93	1	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	94	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	98	1	zhang et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	98	2	demonsturates	GPE
ajsts-4488	98	3	zhang et al.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	98	4	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	100	1	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	101	1	93 to 98 percent	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	101	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	103	1	nakib et al	LOC
ajsts-4488	103	2	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	104	1	zero	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	104	2	apts	ORG
ajsts-4488	106	1	islam et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	107	1	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	108	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	108	2	islam	NORP
ajsts-4488	108	3	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	109	1	adil et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	109	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	109	3	nakib et al	LOC
ajsts-4488	109	4	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	111	1	adil et al.	ORG
ajsts-4488	111	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	113	1	truong et al	GPE
ajsts-4488	113	2	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	113	3	41	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	114	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	115	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	115	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	115	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	115	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	115	5	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	116	1	abdullahi et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	117	1	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	118	1	zhang et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	118	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	120	1	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	120	2	98%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	121	1	islam et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	122	1	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	124	1	adil et al	PERSON
ajsts-4488	125	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	127	1	the present day	DATE
ajsts-4488	131	1	blackbox	ORG
ajsts-4488	132	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	133	1	one	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	134	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	137	1	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	137	2	42	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	138	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	139	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	139	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	139	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	139	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	141	1	01	DATE
ajsts-4488	146	1	first	ORDINAL
ajsts-4488	150	1	80 percent	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	150	2	20 percent	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	153	1	ips	ORG
ajsts-4488	158	1	i.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	168	1	zeroday	DATE
ajsts-4488	172	1	ge	ORG
ajsts-4488	172	2	43	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	173	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	174	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	174	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	174	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	174	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	179	1	0 to 100	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	180	1	sop	ORG
ajsts-4488	186	1	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	187	1	seaborn	ORG
ajsts-4488	195	1	un	ORG
ajsts-4488	195	2	roc	GPE
ajsts-4488	198	1	eight	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	201	1	44	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	202	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	203	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	203	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	203	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	203	4	2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	203	5	9,537	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	203	6	11	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	206	1	0	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	206	2	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	208	1	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	208	2	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	208	3	2	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	213	1	aes	ORG
ajsts-4488	214	1	0-1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	214	2	0-1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	217	1	0/1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	218	1	0/1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	218	2	0	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	218	3	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	219	1	three	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	220	1	four	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	220	2	89.67%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	221	1	82.39%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	222	1	73.84%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	224	1	3	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	224	2	f1	PERSON
ajsts-4488	224	3	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	224	4	0.896750524 0.912056089	MONEY
ajsts-4488	224	5	0.738469602 0.739909799	MONEY
ajsts-4488	225	1	0.824209373	MONEY
ajsts-4488	226	1	04	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	226	2	89.51%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	227	1	45	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	228	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	229	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	229	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	229	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	229	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	229	5	91.2%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	229	6	03	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	230	1	89.51%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	231	1	f1	PERSON
ajsts-4488	231	2	89.29	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	233	1	2	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	233	2	4	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	233	3	f1	PERSON
ajsts-4488	233	4	1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	233	5	0.896750524 0.912056089	MONEY
ajsts-4488	234	1	0.824209373	MONEY
ajsts-4488	234	2	0.82400988 4	DATE
ajsts-4488	234	3	0.89292544	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	234	4	3	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	234	5	04	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	238	1	ddos) pa	ORG
ajsts-4488	238	2	46	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	239	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	240	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	240	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	240	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	240	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	243	1	4	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	244	1	05	DATE
ajsts-4488	245	1	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	249	1	5	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	249	2	zero-day	DATE
ajsts-4488	250	1	89.51%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	250	2	05	DATE
ajsts-4488	256	1	one	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	257	1	47	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	258	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	259	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	259	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	259	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	259	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	260	1	first	ORDINAL
ajsts-4488	266	1	today	DATE
ajsts-4488	269	1	89.51%	PERCENT
ajsts-4488	270	1	ips	ORG
ajsts-4488	273	1	abdullahi	GPE
ajsts-4488	273	2	m.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	3	alhussian, h.	ORG
ajsts-4488	273	4	alwadain	GPE
ajsts-4488	273	5	a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	6	aziz	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	7	n.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	8	l. f., & abdulkadir	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	9	s. j.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	273	10	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	275	1	11(2	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	275	2	198	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	275	3	abdullahi	GPE
ajsts-4488	275	4	m.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	5	alhussian, h.	ORG
ajsts-4488	275	6	alwadain	GPE
ajsts-4488	275	7	a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	8	aziz	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	9	n.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	10	l. f., & abdulkadir	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	11	s. j.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	275	12	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	277	1	11(2	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	277	2	198	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	278	1	adil	GPE
ajsts-4488	278	2	m., song, h.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	278	3	mastorakis	GPE
ajsts-4488	278	4	s.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	278	5	farouk	PERSON
ajsts-4488	278	6	z.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	278	7	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	279	1	uav	ORG
ajsts-4488	280	1	9(4	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	280	2	4583	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	281	1	cisco	ORG
ajsts-4488	281	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	282	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	283	1	cybersecurity ventures	ORG
ajsts-4488	283	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	284	1	$10.5 trillion	MONEY
ajsts-4488	284	2	annually	DATE
ajsts-4488	284	3	2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	285	1	a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	285	2	morales-rocha	PERSON
ajsts-4488	285	3	j. p.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	285	4	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	286	1	5	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	286	2	48	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	287	1	j. smart	PERSON
ajsts-4488	288	1	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	288	2	4(1	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	288	3	37	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	288	4	2025	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	290	1	181-219	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	292	1	hossain	PERSON
ajsts-4488	292	2	s., & nur	ORG
ajsts-4488	292	3	t. i.	ORG
ajsts-4488	292	4	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	292	5	china	GPE
ajsts-4488	293	1	finance & accounting research journal	ORG
ajsts-4488	293	2	6(5	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	293	3	731	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	294	1	hossain	PERSON
ajsts-4488	294	2	s.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	294	3	akon	GPE
ajsts-4488	294	4	t., & hena	ORG
ajsts-4488	294	5	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	296	1	bangladesh	GPE
ajsts-4488	297	1	finance & accounting research journal	ORG
ajsts-4488	297	2	6(10	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	297	3	1724-1745	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	298	1	ibm	ORG
ajsts-4488	298	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	299	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	300	1	islam	ORG
ajsts-4488	300	2	m. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	3	islam	NORP
ajsts-4488	300	4	r.	NORP
ajsts-4488	300	5	chowdhury	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	6	s. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	7	nur, a. h.	ORG
ajsts-4488	300	8	sufian	ORG
ajsts-4488	300	9	m. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	10	hasan	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	11	m.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	300	12	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	303	1	1-14	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	304	1	switzerland	GPE
ajsts-4488	305	1	islam	ORG
ajsts-4488	305	2	m. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	3	islam	NORP
ajsts-4488	305	4	r.	NORP
ajsts-4488	305	5	chowdhury	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	6	s. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	7	nur, a. h.	ORG
ajsts-4488	305	8	sufian	ORG
ajsts-4488	305	9	m. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	10	hasan	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	11	m.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	305	12	2024	DATE
ajsts-4488	308	1	1-14	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	309	1	switzerland	GPE
ajsts-4488	310	1	kasri	GPE
ajsts-4488	310	2	w.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	3	himeur	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	4	h. a.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	5	tarapiah	GPE
ajsts-4488	310	6	s.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	7	atalla	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	8	mansoor	PERSON
ajsts-4488	310	9	w., & al-ahmad	ORG
ajsts-4488	310	10	2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	312	1	13(2	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	312	2	30	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	312	3	mit	ORG
ajsts-4488	312	4	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	314	1	s.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	314	2	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	315	1	$10.5 trillion	MONEY
ajsts-4488	315	2	annually	DATE
ajsts-4488	315	3	2025	DATE
ajsts-4488	316	1	nakib, a. m., khan	ORG
ajsts-4488	316	2	ullah	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	3	m. m.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	4	kawser	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	5	m. l.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	6	jayed,	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	7	a. k. m., & zim	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	8	s. k.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	316	9	2024	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	318	1	eng	PERSON
ajsts-4488	318	2	technol	PERSON
ajsts-4488	318	3	4(4	PRODUCT
ajsts-4488	318	4	98	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	319	1	nakib, a. m., li	ORG
ajsts-4488	319	2	2024, september	DATE
ajsts-4488	320	1	oct	DATE
ajsts-4488	321	1	2024 9th	DATE
ajsts-4488	321	2	170	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	323	1	proofpoint	GPE
ajsts-4488	323	2	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	324	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	325	1	r.	NORP
ajsts-4488	325	2	gupta	GPE
ajsts-4488	325	3	a., & kumar	ORG
ajsts-4488	325	4	s.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	325	5	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	327	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	328	1	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	329	1	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	330	1	annual	DATE
ajsts-4488	331	1	truong	GPE
ajsts-4488	331	2	t. c.	GPE
ajsts-4488	331	3	diep	ORG
ajsts-4488	331	4	q. b.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	331	5	i.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	331	6	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	333	1	410	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	334	1	truong	GPE
ajsts-4488	334	2	t. c.	GPE
ajsts-4488	334	3	diep	ORG
ajsts-4488	334	4	q. b.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	334	5	i.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	334	6	2020	DATE
ajsts-4488	336	1	410	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	336	2	verizon	ORG
ajsts-4488	336	3	2023	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	338	1	zhang, z.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	2	h.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	3	f.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	4	farha	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	5	f.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	6	xu	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	7	xu	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	8	j.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	9	k. k. r.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	338	10	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	340	1	1-25	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	341	1	z.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	2	h.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	3	f.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	4	farha	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	5	f.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	6	xu	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	7	xu	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	8	j.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	9	k. k. r.	PERSON
ajsts-4488	341	10	2022	CARDINAL
ajsts-4488	343	1	1-25	CARDINAL