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American Journal of  Smart 
Technology and Solutions (AJSTS)

Simulation and Performance Enhancement of  Thermal Combustion in a Liquid Fuel 
Swirl Burner Through Blades Parametric Variation 

Ademola Samuel Akinwonmi1*, Folajinmi Onikepo Onadeko1

Volume 4 Issue 1, Year 2025
ISSN: 2837-0295 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajsts.v4i1.4614
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajsts

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: February 22, 2025

Accepted: March 28, 2025

Published: June 20, 2025

Research has explored the need for an increase in the performance of  a Liquid Fuel Swirl 
Burner (LFSB). An experimental study carried out in LFSB having a varied number of  
blades and angles of  blades yielded the desired improvement. To further improve on the 
experimental work, extended study is required. This was carried out through Computational 
Fluid Dynamics Simulation methods, which is cost-effective and have been established to 
be reliable. This study therefore explores the comparison between experimental results and 
simulation means to validate the simulation methods and results obtained. The work aimed 
to enhance thermal combustion in the swirl burner through variations in the blade angles 
(10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60°, 70°) and the number of  blades in the burner (4, 6, 8, 10 
and 12). Computational methods were employed when designing and simulating the burner’s 
parameters using SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent. The result showed that the burner with 10 
blades at 70° yielded the highest temperature of  1024.547°C and the burner with 12 blades 
at 10° degrees produced the lowest pressure drop of  11973219.93Pa. Thereby improved 
combustion was achieved by obtaining the highest temperature at the burner outlet and 
lowest pressure drop which yielded effective combustion.

Keywords
Combustion, Pressure Drop, 
Simulation, Swirl Burner, 
Temperature

1 Department of  Mechanical Engineering, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: as.akinwonmi@acu.edu.ng

INTRODUCTION 
The process of  combustion describes the transformation 
of  chemical energy (from the fuel substance utilized) 
to other types of  energy including, thermal, electrical, 
gravitational, kinetic, nuclear and electromagnetic. The 
well-known definition of  energy is that it is the ability 
to do work, in this article by Clark & Yusoff  (2014), 
combustion is regarded as a variation of  work where 
the atomic bonds of  a substance (fuel) are liberated 
through oxidation reaction and as a result, the products 
are the generation of  heat and the creation of  new 
chemical bonds. The world accounts for 80% of  its 
energy generation through the use of  fossil fuels (crude 
oil, natural gas and coal) (Aliyu et al., 2015) The primary 
mode of  utilizing fossil fuels for the generation of  
electricity is through combustion (Martins & Brito, 2020). 
Alternative energy, sustainable energy and clean energy 
are arguably interchangeable terms used to describe 
Renewable energy. Renewable Energy is energy that is 
derived from replenish able means. It is used to produce 
continuous energy (Panwar et al., 2011). Nations that are 
still undergoing development are at risk to climate change 
more so than already developed nations (Ikein, 2017). 
This is as a result of  their economies prevalence on 
agriculture, the lack of  capital to properly adjust to these 
changes in their climate and their increased exposure to 
the effects. Unlike developed nations such as the United 
States of  America, Russia, Germany etc, that have the 
capabilities in producing and manufacturing needed to 
successfully switch to Renewable Energy Technologies, 
such as wind turbines, hydrogen fuel cells and photovoltaic 
cells (Ogbonnaya et al., 2019). Examples of  combustion 
fuels are carbon dioxide (CO2), perfluorocarbons, 

sulphur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, nitrous oxide, 
hydrofluorocarbons, and methane (European Parliament, 
2023). Over the years, researchers have found many ways 
to improve combustion. Among these technologies is the 
introduction of  swirling flows to the design of  a burner. 
According to (Sengupta et al., 2021), the smooth and 
undisturbed operation of  a burner is subject to stringent 
conditions during its design. According to Mansouri and 
Boushaki (2018) in recent times, the design of  burners 
includes vanes which are used in aerodynamically 
stabilizing the flames. These vanes are referred to as 
swirlers. With the introduction of  these swirlers to the 
design of  a burner, the burner is known as a swirl burner. 
A swirl burner is a burner of  helical configuration that 
produces swirling flows during combustion (Boushaki, 
2019). The Swirl Burner utilizes guiding vanes whose 
purpose is to supply the swirl flow to air for combustion 
(Xiao et al., 2018). Utilization of  non-premixed swirl in 
the process of  combustion has a number of  advantages 
including the ability to control the flow coupled with 
the abatement of  harmful pollution emission primarily 
in the form of  NOx (nitrogen oxides) (Schmittel et al., 
2000). In a study by Sreenivasan et al. (2012), it is noted 
that premixed flames generate less of  hazardous gases 
such as carbon monoxide and soot. The advantages of  
using swirl burners are numerous. In Day et al. (2003), the 
classification of  swirl burners was noted as follows: Swirl 
burners are classified into axial vane burners, tangential 
vane burners, and volute burners. The major types of  
swirlers were also noted namely: volute swirler, tangential 
vane swirler, axial vane swirler. In the research by Yang 
et al. (2019), premixed and non-premixed combustion 
modes were both explored in a swirling micro-combustor 



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that can be fuelled by hydrogen or air. Their effects on 
the efficiency of  combustion, thermal performance and 
flame stability were explored.
In their research, Oyewola, et al. (2022) explored the 
thermal profile of  combustion in experimental means in 
a Liquid Fuel Swirl Burner and this approach was done 
through alternatively changing the configuration of  the 
blades at angles 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°. The blades were 
also assembled in the order of  6, 8, 10 and 12. The primary 
purpose of  their research was to increase the temperature 
of  the burner thereby enhancing combustion dynamics. 
For the straight-edge blades, the highest thermal 
efficiency recorded was achieved using 6 blades inclined 
at an angle of  50° (Oyewola et al. 2022). Jaafar et al. (2012) 
examined in their research that the determination of  the 
swirl number is an important characteristic in the design 
of  a swirl burner as it assists in ensuring the correct order 
of  the swirl blades. It was also noted in their research 
that the decrease of  the depth of  the swirl blade without 
a modification to the swirl blade angle will lead to an 
improvement in the swirl strength. To further emphasize 
the importance of  swirl blades in the optimization of  
combustion in a burner, (Surjosatyo & Priambodho, 2011) 
reported that to enhance the quality of  the flame or the 
strength of  the flame in a low-swirl burner, swirl vanes of  
6, 8 and 10 in number, inclined at an angle of  30 from the 
horizontal axis are needed to decrease the diameter of  the 
fuel entering at the inlet side of  the burner. In research 
by (Dhyani & Phade, 2024), Computer-Aided Design 
(CAD) techniques using SolidWorks 2022 was utilized 
in designing a burner and its vanes. Benim et al., (2022) 
performed research utilizing a mixture of  pulverized 
coal with biomass in an oxy-combustion process in a 
swirl burner using computational means. Not enough 
research extensively focuses on the modification of  the 
blades of  the swirl. This modification could be achieved 
through several ways, perforations in the blades could 
be a means and as done by (Akinwonmi et al., 2023) in 
the research, six swirl blades were presented with the 
modification of  the angles and blade type (straight and 
curved edge blades) and also the variation of  the angles 
of  the blades ultimately yielding a positive result. Most 
engineering systems usually require a combustion system.  
Configuration of  the burner itself  will have an impact on 
the combustion efficiency and emission of  the burner. 
High cost of  experimentation limits the optimization of  
burner parameters for efficient performance of  burners 
and other combustion systems. These are several studies 
on the use of  simulation packages such as Ansys, Abacus, 
and MATLAB to optimize process parameters thereby 
reducing production cost and time. However, there are 
limited studies on the use of  computational software 
in optimising process parameters and performance of  
Liquefied Fuel Swirl Burner (LFSB) therefore, the aim 
of  this study is to evaluate the performance of  an LFSB 
using computational fluid dynamics module in Ansys. The 
problem statement of  this research paper aims to tackle, 
analyse and proffer a means of  optimizing combustion 

in a swirl burner through the modification and redesign 
of  its blades. This research is limited to the enhancement 
of  combustion through the redesign of  the blades. The 
main parameters considered in the blades include the 
shape and the angle in which they are configured on the 
swirl burners.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental study  
The detailed results on the experimental set-up and the 
results gotten were obtained from Oyewola et al. (2022). 
Fuel supply (diesel) enters the atomizer at a pressure above 
10 bar. While air proceeds through the output centrifugal 
blower with a 2” gate valve utilized for changing the air 
flow rate. The material used in the construction of  the 
combustion chamber is stainless pipe steel 304 that has 
a thickness = 4mm, with dimension108 x 420mm per 
modular section. There are five modules in total. Each 
module has a flange machined with a projection that 
exactly fits the recess on the adjacent module, preventing 
leakage. The module at the base is fastened to the burner 
body by a 1 M10-6H bolt and nut. There are ports provided 
for measurement probes in each module. Observing and 
evaluating the flame length, velocity and pressure drop is 
done via the modular combustion chamber. The material 
used in making the blades and vanes is mild steel that 
is welded to the centre core on a rode whose base has 
been threaded to the burner for fastening/tightening 
utilizing the M10-GH nut. From the above data analysed 
from research carried out by Oyewola et al. (2022), it is 
important to note that the efficiency of  the combustion 
was measured based on these four parameters: Flame 
length, Combustion Temperature, Velocity and Pressure 
Drop. 

CFD Simulation 
The physical geometry/model is drawn with SolidWorks 
software before being imported into Ansys Fluent for 
CFD simulation. CFD software (Ansys Fluent) is utilised 
to simulate combustion. The combustion performance 
parameters for this study are: the maximum temperature 
and the pressure drop. Meshing and grid sensitivity was 
done on the physical model, while governing equation 
such as the continuity equation, momentum and energy 
conversion equation were implemented to solve the 
thermal problems of  combustion and airflow.
The flow type was determined using Reynolds number: 
Re = (ρvd)/μ
Where: ρ = ambient air density, v = velocity = 12m/s, d 
= diameter of  the inlet of  the combustion chamber, μ = 
viscosity (Taking the ambient air density as ρ = 1.2 kg/m 
and velocity v = 12m/s
The estimated value of  Re is more than 3500, suggesting 
that the flow is turbulent. A turbulent model was selected. 
Assigning premixed flow, boundary conditions at the 
inlet, the wall and the outlet will be assigned as:
Inlet: Mass flow rate and initial temperature.
Outlet: Pressure Outlet



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Wall: Adiabatic and non-slip conditions
The CFD analysis was validated by comparing the result 
with the experimental study. Once the temperature and 
pressure drop characteristics have been established, the 
geometry was varied to obtain an optimized design. The 

Assembled drawings were designed in the format of  the 
table below making a total of  25 different drawings. The 
schematic of  the burner geometry and the blades are 
shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively, while the 
configurations of  the blades are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: No of  Blades and Angles modelled.
Angles

No of  Blades 10° 20° 30° 40° 45° 50° 60° 70°
4 blades √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
6 blades √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
8 blades √ - - - √ - - √
10 blades √ - - - √ - - √
12 blades √ - - - √ - - √

Figure 1: The burner geometry. (a) Isometric View (b) 
sectional view.

Figure 2: Blades design. (a) The Isometric View (b) front 
view 

Figure 3: 3D geometry of  swirl burner. (a) Unmeshed 
(b) meshe

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Results of  the Simulation done with ANSYS 
Fluent are discussed in this chapter. As mentioned in 
the methodology, the number of  blades and angle type 
were varied to obtain the temperature at the outlet of  the 
burner (combustion chamber) and the pressure drop at 
the outlet.

Temperature from Outlet of  the Burners 
Table 2 shows the varying temperatures obtained when 
the simulation was carried out through ANSYS Fluent and 
results were obtained. For the LFSB configuration with 
4 and 6 blades, temperature results obtained cut across 
angles (10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60°and 70°) whilst 
for 8-blade, 10-blade and 12-blade LFSB configurations, 
the temperature results obtained were for (10°, 45°and 
70°) only.



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Table 2: Outlet temperature (°C) at different blade angles
Blade Angles (°) 4 Blades 6 Blades 8 Blades 10 Blades 12 Blades 

1. 10 697.167 656.202 687.11177 657.24116 666.6095
2. 20 700.329 709.767 - - -
3. 30 669.301 713.179 - - -
4. 40 672.824 660.198 - - -
5. 45 670.306 654.376 664.9423 654.02811 654.48336
6. 50 674.064 666.579 - - -
7. 60 666.677 657.335 - - -
8. 70 679.202 687.454 668.31346 1024.5465 667.36365

Table 3: Variation of  simulation result with experimental results for 6 number of  blades
Blade Angle (°) Experimental Results Simulation Results Percentage Difference (%)
20 812 709.76 12.59
30 857 713.18 16.78
40 885 660.20 25.40
50 941 666.58 29.16
60 918 657.34 28.39

Validation of  Simulation Result with Experimental 
Result
The Liquid Fuel Swirl Burner used in this comparison has 
6 blades. The comparison study observes the variation 
in temperatures across angles 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°. 
The detailed study is expressed in Table 3 and Figure 4. 
There is a similarity in the trend of  the graph of  both the 
experimental and simulation results. There is an increase 
in the trend of  the angles 30°to 40° and from 40° to 50° 

of  the Experimental results and an increase in the trend 
of  the 20°to 30° and from 40° to 50° of  the simulation 
results. The experimental result has higher temperatures, 
and the contribution to this is that it is an exothermic 
reaction, and there is the influence of  environmental 
factors on the result. The exemption of  environmental 
factors and simulation procedure has contributed to the 
simulation results obtained.  

Figure 4: Comparison of  experimental and simulation results for 6 number of  blades

Effect of  Blade Angle on Temperature Performance 
Figure 5(a) shows the variation of  the trends on the graph. 
According to the graph, the swirl burner with 6 blades 
produced the highest temperature at 30°. The LFSB with 
6 blades at 45° produced the lowest temperature. Figure 
2(b) shows the variation of  the trends on the graph. 
According to the graph, the swirl burner with 6 blades 

produced the highest temperature at 70°. The LFSB with 
6 blades at 45° produced the lowest temperature. Figure 
2(c) a bar chat was used to show the in-depth variation of  
the different trends on the graph. From the graph above, 
it is obtained that the variation of  blades with the highest 
temperature is 10 blades at 70°. The variation of  blades 
that produce the lowest temperature is 10 blades at 45°.



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Figure 5: Effect of  blade angles on output temperature 
(a) 4 and 6 blades (b) 6 and 8 blades (c) Effect of  blade 
angles (10, 45 and 70 degrees) on output temperature.

Effect of  Number of  Blades on Temperature 
Performance 
Figure 6(a) A line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest temperature 
produced for 4 blades is 20° and the lowest temperature is 
60°. Figure 6(b) A line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest temperature 
produced for 6 blades is 30° and the lowest temperature is 
45°. Figure 6(c) A line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest temperature 
produced for 8 blades is 10° and the lowest temperature is 
45°. Figure 6(d) a line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest temperature 

produced for 10 blades is 70° and the lowest temperature 
is 45°. Figure 6(e) a line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest temperature 
produced for 12 blades is 70° and the lowest temperature 
is 45°.

(c)

(d)



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Figure 6: Effects of  number of  blades on temperature 
performance (a) 4 Blades (b) 6 Blades (c) 8 Blades (d) 10 
Blades (e) 12 Blades

Figure 7: Effect of  blade angle on pressure drop (a) 4 
and 6 blades. (b) 6 and 8 blades. (c) 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 
blades.

Pressure Drop from Outlet of  The Burner
The pressure drops at different blade angles are presented 

in Table 4. The configuration with the least pressure 
drop is the most efficient. It can be observed that the 
pressure drop varied from 13.4 MPa to 17.4 MPa when 4 
blades were used. The least pressure drop was recorded 
at an inclination of  20o while the most pressure drop 
was recorded at 10o. Increasing the number of  blades 
to 6 showed that a maximum pressure drop of  22.4 
MPa was recorded at 60o while a minimum of  14.5 MPa 
was recorded at 50o. For 8, 10, and 12 blades, only three 
angles were investigated. The angles are 10o, 45o, and 70o. 
In all, 45o recorded the least pressure drop. The pressure 
drop at 45o was similar regardless of  the number of  
blades ranging between 14 – 15 MPa. This shows that 
45o inclination would be a suitable configuration to 
obtain a reasonable pressure drop in the swirl burner. 
However, the best performing configuration is 4 blades 
at 20o.

Table 4: Pressure Drop (Pa) at different blade angles
Blade Angles (°) 4 Blades 6 Blades 8 Blades 10 Blades 12 Blades 
10 17447983 16935336.8 19300927.7 18758026.2 11973219.9
20 13444413.6 16819360.7 - - -
30 15030043 16926780.5 - - -
40 16559992.4 19377894 - - -
45 14972311.8 15088128 15889589.4 13929679.1 14793106.5
50 15140152.7 14479914.8 - - -
60 16987400.4 22395036.1 - - -
70 16018733.3 15776540.5 18045876.7 20098840.9 18382667.4

Effect of  Blade Angle on Pressure Drop Performance 
of  Swirl Burners
Figure 7 (a) A line chart was used to show the variation of  
the trends on the graph. According to the graph, the swirl 
burner with 6 blades produced the highest temperature at 
60°. The LFSB with 4 blades at 20° produced the lowest 
temperature. Figure 7 (b) A line chart was used to show 
the variation of  the trends on the graph. According to 
the graph, the swirl burner with 8 blades at 10° produced 
the highest temperature. The LFSB with 6 blades at 45° 
produced the lowest temperature. Figure 7 (c) A line chart 
was used to show the in-depth variation of  the different 
trends on the graph. From the graph above, it is obtained 
that the variation of  blades with the highest temperature 
is 10 blades at 70°. The variation of  blades that produce 
the lowest temperature is 12 blades at 10°.

(b)

(c)



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Effect of  Number of  Blades on Pressure Drop 
Performance of  the LFSB
Figure 8 (a) A line chart is used to show the in-depth 
variation of  the different trends on the graph. From the 
graph above, it is obtained that the highest pressure drop 
produced for 4 blades is 10° and the lowest pressure 
drop is 20°. Figure 8 (b) A line chart is used to show the 
in-depth variation of  the different trends on the graph. 
From the graph above, it is obtained that the highest 
pressure drop produced for 6 blades is 60° and the lowest 
pressure drop is 50°. Figure 8 (c) A line chart is used to 
show the in-depth variation of  the different trends on 
the graph. From the graph above, it is obtained that the 
highest pressure drop produced for 8 blades is 10° and 
the lowest pressure drop is 45°. Figure 8 (d) A line chart 
is used to show the in-depth variation of  the different 
trends on the graph. From the graph above, it is obtained 
that the highest pressure drop produced for 10 blades is 
70° and the lowest pressure drop is 45°. Figure 8 (e) A 
line chart is used to show the in-depth variation of  the 
different trends on the graph. From the graph above, it is 
obtained that the highest pressure drop produced for 12 
blades is 70° and the lowest pressure drop is 10°.

Figure 8: Effect of  number of  blades on pressure drop. 
(a) 4 Blades (b) 6 Blades (c) 8 Blades (d) 10 Blades (e) 12 
Blades

Discussion 
Comparison of  Simulation results with Experimental 
results
According to this comparison, the 6-blade LFSB inclined 
at an angle of  50° produced the highest combustion 
temperature (941°C) for the experimental results. Factors 
considered include the environmental temperature that 
had an impact on the combustion temperature. Other 
environmental factors include the endothermic reaction 
(energy being absorbed from the surroundings in the 
form of  heat) and exothermic reaction (energy being 
transferred or released into the system surrounding also 
in the form of  heat). Design techniques and fabrication 
considerations also had an overall impact on the results 
obtained. The LFSB used in the experiment had probes 
for measuring the temperature along the burner length. 
The temperature from the experimental results used in this 
comparison is the minimum temperature along the length 
of  the fabricated burner for each of  the different blade 
angle configurations as this had the most similarity to the 
simulation result. In the case of  the simulation results, 
the 6-blade LFSB inclined at an angle of  30° produced 
the highest combustion temperature (713.1789°C). 
The methodology of  the simulation on ANSYS Fluent 
(Non-Premixed Combustion) and the design parameters 
assumption contributed to the deviation in the results 
when compared with the experimental results. Unlike the 
experimental, the lack of  endothermic and exothermic 
environmental factors is a defining factor in the variation 
of  the results.



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Comparison of  the Number of  Blades of  the LFSB 
on the highest temperature and pressure drop
In line with the parametric study, the number of  blades 
on the LFSB was used as a comparison means to obtain 
the best configuration with the highest temperature 
and the lowest pressure. In the case of  the comparison 
between the burner with 4 blades and 6 blades at angles 
(10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° and 70°), the highest 
temperature obtained was the 6 blades inclined at angle 
30° with the temperature 713.1789°C. In the case of  
the comparison between the burner with 6 blades 
and 8 blades at angles (10°, 45°, and 70°), the highest 
temperature obtained was the 6 blades inclined at an 
angle of  70° with the temperature of  687.4539°C. In 
the case of  the comparison between the burner with 4, 
6, 8, 10 and 12 blades at angles (10°, 45°, and 70°), the 
highest temperature obtained was the 10 blades inclined 
at angle 70° with the temperature 1024.547°C. The lowest 
pressure drop obtained between the burner with 4 blades 
and 6 blades at angles (10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° 
and 70°) is 4 blades at 20° (13444413.5927 Pa). In the 
case of  the comparison between 6 blades and 8 blades, 
the lowest pressure drop obtained at angles (10°, 45° and 
70°) is 6 blades at 45° (15088127.99 Pa). In the case of  
the comparison between the burner with 4, 6, 8, 10 and 
12 blades at angles (10°, 45°, and 70°), the lowest pressure 
drop obtained was the 12 blades inclined at an angle of  
10° with the temperature (11973219.92634 Pa).

Comparison of  Effect of  the Blade Angle of  the 
LFSB on the highest temperature and pressure drop
The highest temperature obtained when the blade angles 
(10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° and 70°) in a 4-blade 
burner were varied is 4 blades at 20° with a temperature 
(700.3287°C). In the case of  a 6-blade LFSB inclined at 
angles (10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° and 70°), the highest 
temperature obtained is 713.1789 for a 6 blades burner at 
30°. In the case of  an 8-blade LFSB inclined at angles 
(10°, 45°, and 70°), the highest temperature obtained is 
687.112 for a 8 blade burner inclined at 10°. The highest 
temperature obtained when the blade angles (10°, 45°, and 
70°) in a 10-blade burner were varied is 10 blades at 70° 
with a temperature of  (1024.547°C). Lastly, in the case of  
a 12-blade LFSB inclined at angles (10°, 45°, and 70°), the 
highest temperature obtained is 667.3637 for a 12-blade 
burner at 70°. The lowest pressure drop obtained in the 
4 blades LFSB at angles (10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° 
and 70°) is 4 blades at 20° (13444413.5927 Pa). In the 6 
blades LFSB, the lowest pressure drop obtained at angles 
(10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60° and 70°) is 6 blades at 50° 
(14479915Pa). In the 8 blades LFSB, the lowest pressure 
drop obtained at angles (10°, 45°and 70°) is 8 blades at 
45° (15889589.43Pa). In the10 blades LFSB, the lowest 
pressure drop obtained at angles (10°, 45°and 70°) is 10 
blades at 45° (13929679.13Pa). In the12 blades LFSB, the 
lowest pressure drop obtained at angles (10°, 45°and 70°) 
is 12 blades at 10° (11973219.93Pa).

CONCLUSION
In this study, the variation of  the blade angles and number 
of  blades in the Liquid Fuel Swirl Burner were used in the 
parametric study to determine the optimum configuration 
to obtain the highest temperature at the burner outlet and 
lowest pressure drop that yields effective combustion. 
The burner was designed with SolidWorks and simulated 
using the ANSYS Fluent package as noted above. A 
comparison of  the simulation results of  the burner with 
6 blades and the experimental results of  the burner with 
the same number of  blades, both at angles 20°, 30°, 40°, 
50°, 60° and 70° was performed to obtain the best results 
in terms of  highest temperature. Likewise, a comparison 
study of  the varying number of  blades (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) 
at various angles (10°, 45°, 70°) was done to obtain the 
best results according to the parametric study.  In terms 
of  maximum temperature, the best result obtained is a 
10-blade LFSB at 70° with a temperature of  (1024.547°C) 
whilst when optimum pressure drop is preferred the most 
suitable burner configuration is a 12-blade LFSB at 10 
with a pressure drop of  (11973219.93Pa).

REFERENCES 
Akinwonmi, A. S., Adeaga, O. A., & Orhadahwe, T. A. 

(2023). Investigation of  Diesel Blends with Edible 
Vegetable Oils for Combustion in Swirl Burners. 
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and Business for Sustainable Development Goals, SEB-
SDG 2023, 1, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEB-
SDG57117.2023.10124515

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