American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 18, | November, 2023 P a g e | 71 www.americanjournal.org ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE D. M. Rakhmanov Assistant, Department of Architecture, Fergana Polytechnics Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan G. D. Khodjaeva Senior Teacher, Department of Uzbek Language and Language Teaching, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan S. Mamaruziev Student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article discusses the high level of development of industry and architecture in BC architecture in BC. architecture, residential construction, surroundings, galleries, loggias, Acropolis, order, ihram, temple. Introduction Ancient Greek architecture developed from the 7th century BC. During this period, society was in a democratic direction, so art and architecture developed at a high level. Various public buildings began to be built in the central squares of cities [1-4]. The religious and political center of the city was the Acropolis. The Acropolis is located in the hilly part of the city and is surrounded by strong walls. Inside the Acropolis, there are statues of Greek gods who have a great social and ideological place. According to Greek legends, the life of the gods was similar to the daily life of the Greeks, but people still believed in the power of these gods and built temples for them. Such religious buildings embody the highest achievements of architecture [5-9]. Figure 1. Acropolis complex American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 18, November 2023 P a g e | 72 www.americanjournal.org In the planning solutions of residential buildings, public buildings, and religious buildings in ancient Greece; open galleries, logging, and porticos were used. These roof solutions in buildings served to protect people from sunlight and rain. In such buildings, which were built using column and beam structures made of solid stones, these elements played a key role in revealing the artistic solution of the building [10-14]. The period of development of ancient Greek architecture is divided into four periods: • Homer era XIII-XII centuries BC; • Hellenistic period - 9th century BC; • Archaic period VIII century BC; • Classical period - V-IV centuries BC; By the Archaic period, the use of stones instead of raw bricks developed the type of Greek temples. Columns were placed around the perimeter of the Рriepter temple, and temples of this type were common in Greek architecture, and the building looked straight and beautiful from all sides. The monumental Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders are named after ancient Greek tribes and locations. Architectural orders consist of columns, capitals and bases. The beam part consists of an architrave, a frieze and a cornice, forming an entablature together [15-19]. The Dorian Order can be seen on the famous Parthenon and Propylene Temples on the Acropolis of Athens. Ancient copies of this warrant were preserved in the ruins of the Temple of Poseidon in Pestum. The upper body of the medicinal order tapers upwards. Without a base, the capital is simple, consisting of an abacus and a rounded exina that supports it. An architrave is placed over the abacus. The slightly protruding part of the frieze (triglyph) and the square board (metane) between it are divided into right angles [18-20]. Classic examples of the Ionic order were used in the Erechtheion Niki Apteros exhromes on the Athenian Acropolis and in the Propylene. The base of the order has a complex top in the form of a funnel, the capital is composed of volutes turned to both sides like a ram's horn, and egg-shaped ionics between them. The frieze of the architraves is flat, sometimes with reliefs. There are rows of teeth in the cornice part. Figure 2. Naming parts of warrants Fig. 3. Architectural warrants The Corinthian warrant was first used in Bassa, the temple of Apollo in Greece. This order was formed long after the Ionic and Doric orders, and it embodies all their subtle qualities. It is distinguished by a American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 18, November 2023 P a g e | 73 www.americanjournal.org deep basket-shaped capital and medallions under the cornice. Among the architectural orders, the Corinthian order is considered the most elegant and beautiful. The Temple of Zeus in Olympia is considered the most famous of the exemplary architectural monuments of the Classicism period. Due to the right proportions of this building, it looks compact in the form of a large building. Inside the building is a statue of Zeus, the main god of the Greeks, in a sitting position. It is made of ivory. The "Golden Age" of Greek architecture coincided with the time of Pericles, the hero of Athenian democracy. Athens became the center of Greek culture. The central architectural ensemble of Athens, the Acropolis, has risen to the level of a masterpiece in terms of its artistic opening and the relationship of the buildings to each other. Its length is 300 m, located at the top of the Acropolis Priuz Hill. 150 m wide. Figure 4. Temple of Zeus at Olympia On the Acropolis, the main temple of the Greeks is the Parthenon (architects Ictinus and Callicrates) and on the western slope of the hill is the main entrance gate, the Propylaea, in front of which stands the statue of Athena, made by the sculptor Phidias, in the form of a huge warrior. Temples of Niki Apteros and Erechtheion were built for Athena and Poseidon. Temple of Athena in 432 BC, the Parthenon was built of marble stones, the dimensions of the stilaba at the base are 30.89 x 69.54 m. it is peripter type, the front facade consists of 8 columns. The height of the columns is 10.4 m. The temple was built on a medical warrant. The Parthenon Temple, combined with its artistic solution, proportions, constructions, decorations, was transformed into a mature architectural work of the classicism period. Built in the Ionic style, the Temple of Erechtheion was built on the site of the legendary dispute between Athena and Poseidon, and was named after these gods. The temple is built in a symmetrical style that is rare in Greek architecture. On the southern facade of the Erechtheion, instead of columns, statues of caryatids were installed. By the 4th century BC, structures in the form of a circle began to be built, and the construction of open theaters became widespread. Such a theater consists of a building part (stage), a lower semicircular stage (orchestra) and an amphitheater of seats (theatron) as a stage around this area. Large theaters can accommodate 50,000 people and the diameter of the theater is 140 m. up to The leading architects of this period were Philo, Scopas, Pythias, Polycletus the Younger and Satyrs. By the 4th century BC, the scattered Greek cities were conquered by the Macedonian king Philip, in 332 BC, the son of Philip the Great, Alexander, conquered and colonized other countries and built new cities of the type of Greek cities. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 18, November 2023 P a g e | 74 www.americanjournal.org Figure 5. Temple of Erechtheion References 1. Sardar, M. (2023). Reconstruction of 5-storey large panel buildings, use of atmospheric precipitation water for technical purposes in the building. The American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(12), 86-89. 2. Sardar, M. (2023). Ancient greek and ancient rome architecture and urban planning. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(06), 82-87. 3. Mamaruziyev, S. (2023). 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