American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 6, | Nov., 2022 P a g e | 1 www.americanjournal.org AGRICULTURE OF KARAKALPAKSTAN (1960-1990- Years) Mnajatdinova K.A. Karakalpak State University Department “Archeology”. Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article talks about the agriculture of Karakalpakstan in the 1960s-1990s. From the middle of the 20th century, political and economic changes in the agrarian sector, business plans in the rural household sector and their implementation have been reported. The introduction of new technologies in the field of population economy, the advancements in the agricultural sector, and the livelihoods of rural workers are included. Agriculture, agrarian sector, agriculture, land reclamation, rural workers, cotton growing, farming. Central Asia and Aral coasts, therefore, Karakalpakstan rural household workers have a rich experience in the history of irrigation and irrigation construction. Karakalpakstan is an agrarian- industrial people. It is located on the lower side of Ámiwdáryanın. Since our republic is located between the Ustirt and Kyzylkum deserts, its climate is sharply continental, with cold winters, hot summers, and little rain. Therefore, the irrigation system plays a major role in the development of agriculture. Its main water source is Ámiwdárya. The territory of Karakalpakstan is distinguished by its natural and climatic conditions and its own characteristics related to its historical formation. In 1965, the total cultivated area of Karakalpakstan was 168,8 thousand hectares, and in 1980 it was 303,4 thousand hectares. Agricultural crops increased 4 times, fodder crops increased 2, 5 times. For example, in 1965, there were 19,000 hectares of grain crops, and in 1984, it was 80,100 hectares. In 1965, the fodder area was 29.5 hectares, and in 1980 it was 86.8 thousand hectares. The area of cotton cultivation increased from 127,500 hectares to 133,700 hectares in 1980. In Karakalpakstan, the Council of Ministers, regional party committee, especially its departments such as agriculture, organization and party work, district party organizations, Ministry of Water Management, "Irsov" autonomous republic "hozstroy" management was engaged, they were busy every day with issues of fixing cultural and technical bases, planning and development of cotton production, farming, cattle breeding and other fields related to agriculture. The development of agriculture in Karakalpakstan and the agrarian-farming issues have been adapted to the conditions of the republic itself. The main mass of the people were peasants, and in terms of American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 2 www.americanjournal.org socio-economic and, at the same time, cultural life, it lagged behind the central districts of the USSR, even Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The administrative-territorial division of the republic plays a very important role in the structure of agricultural management. This issue requires taking into account many factors, creating a creative, scientifically rooted participation, the life of such a complex socio-political and household-economic organization that surrounds the district is related to these factors. In 20 years (1965-1985), the total network of rural telephone exchanges increased by hundreds of ranks. Until 1985, all collective farms and state farms were connected by telephone. Having established the agricultural management system, the government paid great attention to increasing the role of the mass of workers in all spheres of national and public productive life. In our autonomous republic, workers were widely involved in the management of the population economy. In 1975, 19.7% (1046 people) of the representatives of unemployed workers were included in the election commissions for district council elections, and 20.1% of the representatives of the workers in the election commissions for village and village councils. 22, 4 of the deputies elected to the village soviets (1407 people) were collective farmers. The growth of the total agricultural products of our country can be seen from the following reports: The average annual volume of the total product increased from 66.3 billion manats (1961-1965) to 80.5 billion (1966-1979) manats. , or increased by 21%. In 1981-1985, the average annual volume of the total agricultural product increased by 13% compared to the previous five years, regardless of unfavorable weather conditions. In 1960-1990, the total production of agriculture increased by 2.1 times and reached 1955.6 million manats. Millions of people live in the headwaters of Amiwdarya and Syrdarya flowing into the Aral Sea, in particular, in Mirzoshold, Qorchi, Surkhan-Sherabad fields, in Central Fergana and in the lower reaches of the Amiwdarya, on the reclaimed land and newly opened arable lands, new irrigation oases due to their heroic work, cities, settlements, hundreds of collective farms and state farms appeared. It is known from ancient historical sources that water is the main source of economic development, as well as old legends from our ancestors. Along with the development of agriculture and its relation to the land, it is related to the correct and efficient use of various tools, such as mechanization, mineral fertilizers, and other means. The drying up of the island led to a complete failure of the ecological situation. However, regardless of the shortcomings, history cannot cancel the fact that in the 1960s and 1990s, a lot of effort was devoted to the development of agriculture, strengthening of its material and technical base, mechanization, and provision of specialized personnel. Due to the hard work of our farmers, considerable progress was made in the development of agriculture in our republic during those years. However, during the founding years, the party, Soviet and household authorities made serious mistakes and defects in the use of water and land resources. For a long time, water management works were carried out in a low quality, especially new lands that did not have appropriate irrigation and melioration communications were put into use. Land rotation and water harvesting, collector-drainage and their repair works were not of high quality. Since 1976, large-scale collective research on the problem of the island and the island region has been started, with the participation of the largest scientific research institutes of our nation and hundreds of highly qualified scientists. At the end of this research, there are one line of recommendations. These recommendations were elaborated in a special mobile meeting of the Uzbeksdan Academy of Sciences in Nukus in 1980-1986 and submitted to relevant ministries and departments. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 3 www.americanjournal.org The Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "About options for accelerating economic and social development in the Karakalpakstan ASSR" (March 17, 1986, No. 340) and in this context "The original ecological and sanitary situation in the Aral Sea region - adopted decisions on measures to improve, primarily, increase the efficiency of the use of land and water resources and, at the same time, to strengthen the protection of these resources" (September 19, 1988, No. 1110). A lot of work has been done to implement these decisions. Departments for the distribution and control of Ámiwdarya and Syrdarya waters were established. The largest unions such as "Aralvodostroy" and "Aralselkhozvodoprovodstroy" were established in the autonomous republic, in addition to these, 9 large unions and trestles were established. In 1987, 11 cube kilometers of water entered the Aral Sea, and in 1988, more than 23 cube kilometers of water entered the Aral Sea. Of course, these are only the beginning of sentences to save the Island. The Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Soviet of Ministers of the Karakalpakstan ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "About the possibilities to fundamentally improve the ecological and sanitary conditions in the Aral Sea region, to increase the efficiency of the use of water and land resources in its basin, and to strengthen the protection of these resources" In accordance with the decision No. 1110 of September 19, 1988 and the decision No. 39 of January 26, 1989, the decision "On the tasks of the Council of Ministers of the Karakalpakstan ASSR, the Soviet and thus the household bodies of the autonomous republic" was adopted. This issue was approved by the office of the regional party committee of Karakalpakstan, and concrete measures for the implementation of decision No. 1110 on the island problem were determined. In these decisions, it is mentioned that the Communist Party and the Soviet Government are one manifestation of the fatherly concern for the socio-political and economic development of our country and, in this context, the improvement of the ecological situation, the population and the living conditions of the people in the Aral region. It was shown and specific options for their implementation were determined. In particular, as explained in the decision No. 1110 of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, since 1990, 8.7 cubic kilometers of collector-drainage water has been flowing into the Aral Sea from the Amuwdarya and Syrdarya. In 1988-1989, the construction of water basins commissioned by the USSR Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Management in Moynaq and Aralsk districts were also carried out to regulate the level of shallow water areas on the shores of rivers, seas and islands. Technical and economic calculations were made and it was explained that the construction of these objects should be proposed to the USSR Governmental plan. Among other things, the decision mentions the need to strengthen work on exploration of new deposits of fresh underground water in the Aral region, to provide wells with taps and other equipment. Including, a large-scale map of the dried-up territory of the Aral Sea will be developed and printed. In the island region, a different importance is given to the comprehensive scientific research work on the ecological aspects of the use of people close to a person. In this study, in 1989, the Institute of Ecology and Water Problems in the Aral Sea Basin of the USSR Academy of Sciences was opened in the city of Nukus. This institute serves the Central Asian republics and the Kazakh SSR to connect all scientific and research work on these problems. In 1989, Borlıtaw Hydrometrological Station was established in Amudarya valley, which accurately measures the water of Amudarya and controls the flow of water to the Aral Sea. Including this year, Tuyemoyin, Kipchak, Samanbay, and Termiz, Kyziljar, Borlitaw waterworks were built this year, and they were equipped with water flow measuring and measuring devices. Since 1989, I have asked American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 4 www.americanjournal.org people close to me to study the changes in the natural environment and climate in the Aral Sea region and take them into account during the development of economic and social development plans of the Khorezm region and Karakalpakstan. Recommendations on mitigation measures were prepared. Since 1989, solving the issues of design and installation of facilities for the discharge of collector- drainage water from the territories of Tortkul, Beruniy and Mardumlikkala districts from the surface of irrigated lands to the Aral Sea, and measures to prevent these waters from falling into the Amudarya have been being discussed. According to the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 340 of March 17, 1986, it is necessary to ensure timely discharge of drainage water from the Amudarya basin to the surface of irrigated lands and to prevent mineralized drainage water from falling into the river. The implementation of the plan is of decisive importance in improving the ecological and sanitary situation in the Aral Sea region. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the constructions of the collector and drainage system on the slopes from the top of Amudarta to the Aral Sea. It is known from ancient historical sources and from the old stories of our ancestors that water is the main source of economic development. In addition to the fact that agriculture is related to water and land, it is also related to the correct and efficient use of human resources, mechanization, mechanization, mineral fertilizers, etc. In 1966-1970, in the five-year plan for the development of the production of the population of the USSR, "in order to better meet the growing needs of the people for food and drink, industrial, agricultural and household raw materials, the production of agricultural and livestock products was to be greatly increased. It is explained that it is the main position in the field of zaligi. In 1966-1970, according to the plan for the development of rural household production of the autonomous republic, the average annual increase of the total income was required to be 25.7%, which greatly exceeds the level of previous years. It was necessary to develop cotton farming in the same line as cotton farming. In 1971-1975, the adoption of new equipment and technology was very high only in the rural household production of Karakalpakstan. During these years, about 1,200 multi-purpose machines were introduced to the agricultural production of the republic. The drying up of the soil has led to a complete failure of the ecological situation. However, regardless of the shortcomings, history cannot cancel the fact that in the years 1960-1985, a lot of work was devoted to the development of agriculture, strengthening of its material and technical base, mechanization, and provision of specialized personnel. In our republic, the agricultural lands from the reservoir of Tuyamoin to the former shores of the Aral Sea are divided into fifteen districts (Tortkul, Mardumlikkala, Beruniy, Amudarya, Khojeli, Kanlikul, Shumanay, Kungrad, Nukus , Kegeyli, Chimbay, Karauzek, Takhtakupir, Bozataw, Muynak regions) and divided into a few areas according to land use, in these areas there are cotton growing, rice- growing, vegetable-growing, gardening and viticulture, fodder, cattle breeding. , it is cultivated in fields such as grain and other fields. The government of our autonomous republic is committed to productive management of a wide range of workers, creation of a creative atmosphere in households, wide spread of competition, direct involvement of rural workers in the social-political and cultural-enlightenment work of labor collectives through the implementation of various forms of moral and cultural interest in labor. care came to light. Due to the hard work of our farmers, considerable progress was made in the development of agriculture in our republic during those years. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 5 www.americanjournal.org References 1. B. Shamambetov "Agriculture of Karakalpakstan (1965-1986 years)" Nukus 1992. 2. K. Saribaev "From the history of public irrigation constructions in Karakalpakstan" Nukus 1989. 3. Department of the Republic of Karakalpakstan of the center of agricultural scientific production in Uzbekistan. 4. "Science-based system of agricultural development in the Republic of Karakalpakstan" Nukus 2003.