American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 21, February, 2024 P a g e | 30 www.americanjournal.org COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENDER SEMANTICS AND TRANSLATION PROBLEMS Mukimjon Akhunov Mukhammadaminovyich (PhD) Doctor of Philosophy in Philology E-mail: muqumjon.axunov@bk.ru Telefon: +998979977443 Mukhiddinova Marjona Student of Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages E-mail : marjonamuxiddinova03@gmail.com Telefon: +998914923282 A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In this article, the author tried to present his thoughts on the comparative analysis and translation problems of the means of expressing gender semantics in modern English and Uzbek languages. In this, the author's focus is on the comparative analysis of means of gender semantics written in English and Uzbek as the main research material. In the process of preparing the article, the author critically approached the views of English and Uzbek linguists and boldly expressed his opinions. The article may be useful for those who study English and Uzbek translation studies and its lexicology. Translation, translation studies, gender, suffixes, morphological method, syntactic method, lexical- semantic method. Introduction Rod does not exist as an independent grammatical category in modern English. In this respect, the English language is similar to the Uzbek language. There are three different methods of determining biological gender in English and Uzbek: 1) lexical-semantic method, 2) morphological method, 3) syntactic method. 1. Expressing the meaning of gender using root words without suffixes is called lexical-semantic method. Such words mainly include personal names indicating masculinity - femininity, masculinity - femininity, names of famous horses, animals, birds. a) names of people or persons: father mother husband wife son daughter son daughter boy girl boy girl child uncle aunt brother sister American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 31 www.americanjournal.org brother-law sister-in-law father-in-law mother-in-law mother-in-law nephew niece son niece daughter niece gentleman lady Mr. Mrs 2. Formation of a typological rod category using special suffixes is called a morphological method. These suffixes are very few in modern English, and some are typical of Germanic languages. These suffixes are preserved as remnants of Old English, and some have entered from other languages. Such suffixes are not unique to the Uzbek language. The words used in the Uzbek language came from other languages. In English: Actor-actress director-director Baron - baroness conductor - conductress Giant - giantess negro - Negress God – goddess tiger – tigress Heir - heiress abbot - abbess Jew - jewess mr - mrs Prince - princess duke - duchess Beau - belle Czar - czarina Hero - heroine Signor - signora, signorina The Uzbek language does not have a special affixal morpheme used to make the morphological method of the typological stem. The suffixes - im, (bek - begim) - ghay (gudagay), which were historically used in some words, have lost their effectiveness today. But despite this, there are words belonging to a certain group in the Uzbek language, which are formed with the participation of the suffixes - a, - (i) ya, - ka taken from the Arabic and Russian languages. A dancer is a dancer A poet is a poetess A coach is a coach Komsomol - Komsomolka Artist - artist 3) Indicating gender by syntactically attaching a marker representing a certain gender before the name of the subject is called a syntactic method. Syntactic gender markers are mainly used in front of gender-neutral words. The gender marker in the syntactic method is mainly represented by a lexical marker. In English and Uzbek, this method is very similar: man doctor, woman doctor, male doctor, female doctor, man servant, woman servant, maid, maid, boy friend, girl friend, boy friend, girl comrade, man cashier, woman cashier man cashier man, woman cashier jack – ass shoass hangi, fashion (ass). Male cat female cat Tom cat male cat pussy cat cat He cat tabby cat He goat is a male goat and she goat is a female goat Billy goat taka nanny goat Father wolf mother (female) wolf American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 32 www.americanjournal.org In determining the typological genus category, animal and bird personification issues (personalization or use of people instead of animal and bird names) play a big role. The pronouns he (him, his), she (her) can be used instead of the names of animals in men, proverbs and scientific works. For example: Presently the horse came to him on Monday morning, with a saddle on his back and a bit in his mouth, and said, Camel, O Camel, come out and trot like the rest of us (R. Kipling) and bit by bit the Giraffe started it, because his legs were the longest they went away from the High Veldt (Ibid). Personification is characteristic even for nouns belonging to different semantic groups, denoting concrete and abstract concepts. For example, boat, ship, steamer, vessel, car, train, earth, moon, church, nature, river, etc. the pronoun ht can be used. But personification in these nouns can be used as a special style only in poetry, fairy tales and parables, as shown above. Personification occurs mostly in the following cases: 1) words such as mountain, ocean, storm, thunder, sun, winter, anger, war, death, sleep with the word he in muzhkoy rod exchange; 2) words such as abundance, loyalty, nature, homeland, country, generosity, hope, fortune are used with the pronoun she. One of the main differences between English and Uzbek languages is that when the English language is expressed with a possessive personal pronoun, with a determining possessive pronoun, with a complementary personal pronoun, it is possible to determine by which gender the work - action or process was performed. For example: "He knew I'd blow his head off", - Al said from the kitchen. She was looking at him holding the glass and biting her lips. (E. Hemingway), Why did he kill himself, Daddy? (Ibid). he goes to see her every day" (Ibid) Her husband had died when she was still a comparatively young woman and for whirl she had devoted herself to her two just - grown children, who did not need her and were embarrassed at having her about to her stable of horses, to books, and to bottles (Ibid). If the possessive and possessive pronouns are used in the plural, the concept of real rod is not expressed. For example: herself – themselves. It is very difficult to distinguish the category of gender in modern Uzbek language. Because there is no gender differentiation in personal, possessive and possessive pronouns in the Uzbek language. In the Uzbek language, the gender category can be partially distinguished only when personal names are used. For example: Anwar is reading a book. Salima is reading a book. The category of gender in the Uzbek language can be determined by means of some suffixes. For example: Tursunoy came Kunduzkhan is a graduate student. But the suffix - khan does not always represent a woman. For example: In the speech of the chief agronomist of our Oppakhon collective farm, Oppakhon can be both a man and a woman. From the point of view of the gender category, the issue of distinguishing men's and women's speech in languages where there is no grammatical gender category is a general typological issue. We give an example of the problem of the gender category in V. Shakespeare's sonnets. When forty winters shall besiege thy brow, And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field, Thy youth’s round livery, so gaz’d on now, Will be a tatter’d where all thy beauty lies: Then being ask’d where all thy beauty lies, American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 33 www.americanjournal.org Where all the treasure of they lusty days; To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes, Were on all – eating shame and thriftless praise. How much more praise deserv’d thy beauty’s use. If thou couldst answer – This fair child of mine, Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse, Proving his beauty by succession thine! This were to be new made when thou art old, And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it cold. (Sharespeare) In addition to the above-mentioned signs of expressing masculinity and femininity in the speech process, we will show a number of non-specific signals in the speech of women and men. For example, there are certain words and expressions in the speech of women, which are used very little or not at all in the speech of men. For example, saying alla, yor-yor, some expressions about caressing and laying are mostly related to women's speech. REFERENCES 1. Jalolov J. Chet til o’qitish metodikasi. Toshkent 1996 2. Bauer L. Introducing linguistic morphology. Edinburgh, UK Edinburgh University Press. 2003 3. Nausica M. M. Denison University, Granville, USA. 2017 4. Hamroyev M. Mother tongue. Toshkent. 2012 5. Ingo P. Word-formation in English. Cambridge University Press. 2002 6. Bauer L. Introducing Linguistic Morphology. Geogetown University Press and Edinburgh. 2003.