American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 21, February, 2024 P a g e | 49 www.americanjournal.org CONSTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATE COLUMNS Askarov Xasanjon Abduqaxorovich Andijan Institute of Economics and Construction, "QM" Department, Senior Lecturer Elektron pochta: asqar.xasanboy7413@gmail.com Karimov Ikromali.Tojimatovich Fergana Polytechnic Institute "TMJ" Department tfd(DSc) Professor Iminjonov Islomiddin 115-22- Group student Andijan Institute of Economics and Construction, IslomiddinIminjonov@gmail.com A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In the article fractionation in a rectification column in a laboratory device separation methods are studied. Separator rectification using steam the construction of the column, the principle of operation is given. Rectification column allowing separation of acetic acid without losses in continuous operation.plate constructions are studied. Rectification, column, plate, heat exchange, ethyl acetate, steam, contact surface, grid. Introduction The rectification column of the chemical and oil refining industry uses a plate rectification column with a different structural structure. Several horizontal barriers, i.e. plates, are installed in the inner part of the column with plates at the same intervals along its height, Fig. 1. Depending on the flow of liquid from one plate to another, plate columns have a pouring device and no pouring device. In the pouring device, the liquid is fed to the plate in the upper part of the column, and this liquid passes from the plate to the plates through a special device and leaves the lower part of the column. The contact surface of gas and liquid in these plates is small. Figure 1. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 50 www.americanjournal.org Schemes of liquid flow on plates with a pouring device: a-single flow; b-two-flow; v-three-stream; g- four stream; d-ring movement; one-way movement on adjacent plates; j,z-step-like movement; Movement through a sickle-shaped flow barrier. Plates are selected according to the physico-chemical and hydraulic flow process, depending on the field of application of rectification column devices in chemical and oil refining industries. Ball-shaped, Sieve-like, Capped, Plated, Rolled. The structure of the turntable is simple, it is difficult to assemble, repair and monitor. The holes of the sieve plates get dirty and quickly become clogged with sediment. If the gas velocity or pressure is suddenly reduced or stopped, all the liquid in the plates will flow to the lower plates and the column will be refilled to continue the process. Compared to sieve plate columns, hooded plate columns operate more stably in the long term even when gas mixtures are dirty. Capped plates have a complex structure, high hydraulic resistance, difficult to clean, expensive, and work poorly when the amount of supplied gas is low. In plate plates, the phases have the principle of moving in one direction only. Because each stage works in the right direction, it can increase the consumption of gas and liquid. Figure 2. Schemes of flipping plates: plate with a grid; b-wave sieve plate; plate with curved edges of v-slots; tubular grid plate equipped with g-fold folded tape; 1st column shell; 2nd base ring; Plate 3 section. If the speed of the gas in the plates of the tipping type is increased further, due to the increase in the friction between the gas and the liquid, the accumulation of the liquid in the plate increases suddenly, the hydraulic resistance also increases suddenly, as a result, the liquid gets stuck in the plate and the plates can break and spill. These are gridded, wave-shaped sieves, the edges of the slits are curved, tubular-grids provided with multi-fold tape. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the hydraulic resistance of the turntable and the gas flow rate in the column. When the gas velocity is low, the liquid is not trapped in the plates, because the friction force between the phases is small. In this range of gas speed, the plate works normally. At this time, gas and liquid alternately pass through one hole. Structural analysis showed that in chemical enterprises, tilting plate columns are widely used. This tilting plate column apparatus can be used to increase the strength of the surfaces of the plate section and reduce the hydraulic resistance. Figure 1, American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 51 www.americanjournal.org which can be applied to a tumbling plate casting device, shows a-single-flow, d-ring motion, e- unidirectional motion in continuous plates, i-sickle-shaped casting network. It corresponds to the principle and constructive aspect of action, methods through power. References 1. Askarov X.A., Isomiddinov A. Анализ мест ректификационной калонны в ОА «Farg’onaazot». “Эканомика и социум” за публикацию в международном научно- практическом журнале Рассия 24 январь ISSN 2225-1545 № 1(80)-2021 г. 2. Askarov X.A., Muxamadsodiqov K.J. Improving The Design Of Internal Plates In Columnar Apparatus. The Amerika Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 03 ISSUE 05-2021 (ISSN-2689-0984) AQSH May 2021 Pages:1-8 IMPACT FACTOR 5.705. 3. Askarov X.A., Muxamadsodiqov K.J. Improving The Design Of Internal Plates In Columnar Apparatus. Researchjet Journal of Analysis and Inventions Volume 02 ISSUE 05-2021 (ISSN- 2776-0960) Indaneziya May 2021 Pages:1-8 DOI 10.17605 / OSF.IO / WPJY9. 4. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O. Drying and burning of nickel hydrocarbonate. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering,Research and Technology Volume 8 ISSUE 6 (ISSN-2394-3696) Indiya iyun 2021 y IMPACT FACTOR 5.525. 5. Askarov X.A., Asqarova S. Issiqlik almashtirgichlarda jarayonlarni jadallashtirish usullari. GOLDEN BRAIN Scientifik Jurnal ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 2 | 2023 OAK kitobi 3-betida tavsiya etilgan Scientific Journal Impact Factor xalqaro bazasida 2023-yil uchun 3.587 ball bilan e’tirof etilgan (http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22571). 6. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O., Tuychieva Sh.Tarelkali kolonnalarning konsturiktiv taxlili. O’zbekiston Respublikasida “2018 yil-faol tadbirkorlik, innovasion g’oyalar va texnologiyalarni qo’llab-quvvatlash yili”ga bag’ishlangan Ilmiy-amaliy anjumani 7-8 nayabr Farg’ona 2018 yil 1- sho’ba 3-5 betlar. 7. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O. Issiqlik almashtirgichlarda jarayonlarni jadallashtirish usullari. “Iste’mol bozorini sifatli oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bilan ta’minlash – farovonlik va taraqqiyotning muhim omili” Respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari Farg‘ona 2018 yil 4-5 may 218-219 betlar. 8. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O. Issiqlik almashtirgichlarning ekspluatatsion rejimlari taxlili. “Iqtidorli talabalar, magistrantlar, doktorantlar va mustaqil izlanuvchilar”ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari Farg‘ona 2018 yil 11-12 may 10-11 betlar. 9. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O. Issiqlik almashtirgichlarning yemirilish sabablarining taxlili. “Iqtidorli talabalar, magistrantlar, doktorantlar va mustaqil izlanuvchilar”ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari Farg‘ona 2018 yil 11-12 may 11-12 betlar. 10. Askarov X.A.Sirka kislotasini sanoat ishlab chiqarishdagi ahamiyati O‘zbekistonda ilmiy-amaliy tadqiqotlar mavzusidagi respublika 15-ko‘p tarmoqli ilmiy masofaviy onlayn konfrensiya materiallari Toshkent 2020 30 aprel 9-qism DOI kod 10.26739 107-109 betlar. 11. Askarov X.A., Xalilov I.L. Rektifikatsion kolonna apparatining laboratoriya qurilmasi modelini tadqiq qilish. O‘zbekistonda ilmiy-amaliy tadqiqotlar mavzusidagi respublika 16-ko‘p tarmoqli ilmiy masofaviy onlayn konfrensiya materiallari Toshkent 2020 yil 2-iyun 10-qism DOI kod 10.26739 273-274 betlar. http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22571 American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 21, February 2024 P a g e | 52 www.americanjournal.org 12. Askarov X.A.““Farg‘onaazot” ajda rektifikatsion kolonnani tadqiq qilish”. GLOBEEDIT Maldova Respublika ISBN 978-620-6-79420-2, GlobeEdit ( 2023-11-21 ) Monografiya Xorijiy nashr. 13. Askarov X.A.““Farg‘onaazot” ajda rektifikatsion kolonnani tadqiq qilish”.“Devorbop materiallari” nashryoyi ISBN 978-9910-9607-6-5. (2023-12-23) Respublika nashri. 14. Askarov X.A., Pulatov K. Sirka kislotasi regeneratsiyasi qilish kolonna apparatini tarelkalarini madernizatsiyasi. GOLDEN BRAIN Scientifik Jurnal ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 8 | 2023 OAK kitobi 3-betida tavsiya etilgan Scientific Journal Impact Factor xalqaro bazasida 2023- yil uchun 3.587 ball bilan e’tirof etilgan (http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22571), 15. Askarov X.A., Karimov I. T, Qodirova G. Y. The Experimental Determination of the Dependence of Column Performance on Plate Structures. 16. Askarov X.A., Karimov I.T.Rektifikatsion jarayonlarining kolonnalarda moddiy va issiqlik balansilarini tadqiq qilish. Ilim-fan fidokori xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy ko’rik tanlovi 29-dekabr 2022- yil T Farg’ona sh. www.wsrjournal.com. 17. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O. “Farg’onaazot” AJ da sirka kislotasini regeneratsiya qilish kalonnasini takomillashtirish. “Iste’mol bozorini sifatli oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bilan ta’minlash – farovonlik va taraqqiyotning muhim omili” Respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari Farg‘ona 2018 yil 4-5 may 242-244 betlar. 18. Askarov X.A., Axunboev O., Voxidova N. “Farg’onaazot” AJ sirka kislotasini rektifikatsiya kalonnasini optimallashtirish. “Zamonaviy ishlab chiqarishning ish samaradorligi va energo- resurs tejamkorligini oshirish muammolari” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman 3-4 oktabr 2018 yil, Andijon 1-sho‘ba 822-824 betlar. 19. Askarov X.A., Muxamadsodiqov K.J.,Abdullaeva D. Sirka kislotasini regeneratsiya qilish kalonna apparati tarelkalarini modernizatsiyasi. “Muhandislik kommunikatsiyalarini loyixalash, Qurilish va foydalanishda innovatsion texnologiyalar” mavzusidagi respublika ilmiy va ilmiy- texnik anjumani 29-30 mart Farg‘ona 2019 yil 171-173 betlar. 20. Askarov X.A., Qaxxorov I. “Farg’onaazot” AJ da rektifikatsion kalonna apparati tarelkalari modernizatsiyasi. “O‘zbekistonning umidli yoshlari”mavzusidagi respublika talabalar va magistrlar masofaviy ilmiy-amaliy konfrensiyasi 1-may Toshkent 2020 yil 5-qism 88-91betlar. http://www.wsrjournal.com/