American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 6, | Nov., 2022 P a g e | 31 www.americanjournal.org REFLECTION OF NATIONAL HERITAGE IN THE CINEMA ART OF KARAKALPAKSTAN Karamanova G. Uzbekistan, Karakalpak State University, Nukus Mining Institute Dauletnazarova G. Uzbekistan, Karakalpak State University, Nukus Mining Institute Utemuratova X. Uzbekistan, Karakalpak State University, Nukus Mining Institute A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The aim of the article is to bring to life our historical and national heritage on the screens through cinematography, and to reveal its educational character. Cinema, "Karakalpakfilm", spectator, cinematography, national heritage, history, film festival, documentary, feature film. The history of film art of Karakalpakstan is an integral part of the history of Karakalpakstan. In the 1930s, an independent film trust was organized in Karakalpakstan. The newspaper of that time says: “Cinema installations were organized in Chimbay, Shabbaz, Khodjeyly and Nukus. There is a sound theatre. The film distribution fund is replenished with the best new films. In order to better serve the audience, the Film Trust introduces the practice of exchanging films with other regional republican distribution offices” [1]. In June 1938, under the Council of People's Commissars of Karakalpakstan, the Department of Cinematography of the Republic was formed, and the old institution "Kinotrest" was liquidated [2]. About 38 cinemas operated in Karakalpakstan in the 70-80s of the twentieth century. By the end of the 80s, the first feature films in the history of Karakalpak cinematography (“Gum-gum”, “Rebellious”, from the environmental films “Aralkum”, “Year of the Snake” and others) were released [3]. In 1970, the opening of the Nukus department of the Uzbek film studio marks the birth of the national film art of Karakalpakstan. The first director of the department was the well-known writer Zholmurza Aymurzaev, director Satbay Allanazarov, cinematographer Nagmet Dawkarayev. In recent years, G. Izimbetov, K. Mambetov, N. Dawqaraev, O. Abdirakhmanov, T. Qalimbetov, K. Jandullaev have worked as directors, and since 2003, M. Nizanov has been the head of the film studio. In 1990, the department was reorganized into the film studio "Karakalpakfilm". With the honor of independence, the value of our national historical values was restored, the spiritual strength of our people was strengthened. The services of the film studio "Karakalpakfilm" are of great importance in embodying the high potential of our people. In the first years of our independence, a documentary film "Elim American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 32 www.americanjournal.org degan er edilar ..." was created on the script of A. Sultanov about the hero of the Karakalpak people Allayar Dosnazarov. In 2007, a two-part documentary called "Alakoz" was created, depicting the times of Yernazar biy, one of the heroes of the Karakalpak people, who was a great biy from his birth. Script writer and director D. Abdimuratov, cameraman B. Dilmuratov. The film "Mizdakhkan" about the ancient historical and architectural monuments of the city of Khodzhely, created in the first half of the 90s of the 20th century (director L. Yushchenko), especially the two-part film "Golden Heritage", filmed in 2006 (screenwriter and director T. Kalimbetov ) tells about the history of historical archaeological cities located on the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Historical information is given about the cities through which the Great Silk Road passed. The people of Karakalpak have a very rich history, especially their customs, traditions, and professions that have been formed over the centuries. Film art of Karakalpakstan has a significant contribution in educating to be faithful to the sacred traditions of our ancestors. The film "Ulg'ayiw" of the film studio "Korakalpakfilm" representing folk traditions about marriage was presented to the international film festival "Firuza Bahori-94" in Ashgabat. It participated in the "Silver Crescent" international film festival. Director T. Kalimbetov's films "Jirov" and "Atseyis" took part in the film festival in Germany in 1998. In 2001, at the festival of Uzbek national films in Bukhara, the film "Kopkari" (directed by T. Qalimbetov) won the "Winged Camel" award for the best director nomination. The documentary called "Atbegi" took part in the 12th international film festival held in Innsburg (Australia) on July 18-28, 2003. "Yar-yar", "Betashar", "Nama alyspaq" (screenplay author and director D. Abdimuratov), "Ot jaghar", "Cho'girme" (directed by B.Baymurzaev screenplay author M.Nizanov) reflecting the customs and traditions of the Karakalpak people, "Tulimshaq", "Ko’k ko’ylek" (screenplay author and director L.Akhimbatova) films were created and shown on national television. In the films "Yar-Yar" and "Betashar", filmed in 2004, the girl is married according to our traditions, she says goodbye to the place where she grew up by singing yar-yar, the educational value is shown in wedding performances, which is reflected by the bride's betashar. The film "Kelinchak" (written and directed by D. Abdimuratov), released in 2005, tells about the wonderful qualities of Karakalpak women, such as national customs, clothes, modest makeup. If the "kók kóylek" of Karakalpak girls is an example of a unique craft created with tolerance, the "shógirme"s of Karakalpak boys show our national values. The two-part video film "Geshtek" (screenplay by D.Abdimuratov, director B.Baymurzaev) shot in 2006 is about one of the national ceremonies of the Karakalpak people, Geshtek. The "Geshtek" was organized by the young men and women of the village, they sang national songs, and it was said that many problems were solved during the "Geshtek". The national dances of Karakalpak children were filmed in the full-length documentary film "National Dances" (script written by G. Tajetdinova, directed by D. Abdimuratov, 2006). In particular, national games such as qasharman, teppek, shullik, mańlay shertpek, aq terekpe kók terek are explained in an educational and methodological way. The Karakalpak people have long been known as "Sahra bulbulleri" and are eloquent singers. The documentary film “The Magic of the Word” (script by G. Tazhetdinov, director D. Abdimuratov, cameraman A. Askarov, 2007) speaks of musical instruments as the Karakalpak folk kobyz, gizzhak, dutor, sibizga, balaman, flute, trumpet, shynkobyz for girls. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 33 www.americanjournal.org In the video film "Kyz Bakhshi" (scriptwriter and director L. Akhimbetova, 2006), Kanigul, who continued the profession of Khurliman, the daughter of the poet Berdakh, popularly known as "Kyz Bakhshi", subsequently became the main document of the activities of Kyz Bakhshi Gulnara Allamuratova, Ziyada Sharipova. Storytelling is one of the oldest types of Karakalpak folk art. It can be called the beginning of our national music. Storytellers recited epics or folk songs with their wonderful voices at wedding ceremonies or when moving from village to village. In the documentary video film “Storytellers”, filmed in 2007 (script by M. Nizanov, director L. Akhimbetova, cameraman B. Dilmuratov), story fairs are held annually in our republic to preserve and develop stories as an integral part of art and provide information about the ongoing annual competition. The people of Karakalpak are rich in epics. The epics of Karakalpak sang the heroism aimed at protecting the honor of the people from external enemies, bringing the people to freedom, and living in a prosperous life. In the two-part documentary video film "Karakalpak dastanlari" (screenplay author and director B.Baymurzaev, cameraman B.Dilmuratov, 2007) the epic "Forty Girls" and the bravery of Gulayim are depicted. Craftsmanship is one of the ancient professions of our people. In the film "Craftsman" (scriptwriter and director L.Akhimbetova, 2005) it is told that master Abdulla, a spoon maker living in the city of Mańǵit, made wonderful things from ordinary wood. In the one-part video film "Kiyizga gul bosadigan ayol" (screenwriter and director T. Qálimbetov, 2006), Biybigúl Kamalova, who lives on the Dawqara farm in Karaozek district, continues the craft of putting flowers on felt. [4] . On April 28, 2008, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted decision PC No. 845 "On the establishment of the Nukus branch of the State Art Institute of Uzbekistan" in order to further improve the original art and culture of our people, train high-class artists and specialists in the field of theater, cinema, television and folk art, culture and art. In accordance with the decision, the Nukus branch of the State Art Institute of Uzbekistan was established. Later, on the basis of the decision PQ-1771 dated June 4, 2012 "On the establishment of the State Institute of Art and Culture of Uzbekistan", the Nukus branch of the State Institute of Art and Culture of Uzbekistan was reorganized. In the first year of the opening of the branch, 25 students were admitted to the educational areas "Dramaturgy of Stage and Screen Art", "Drama Theater and Film Acting", and now more than 700 students are studying in 9 educational areas. Today, 54 professor-teachers at 1 faculty and 5 branch departments provide education and training for students to become mature cadres. In full-time education, such areas as Art history (stage and screen dramaturgy), Acting art (acting skills of musical theater), Technogenic art (film, television and radio directing), Film and television cameramen are distinguished [5]. In order to systematically continue reforms aimed at the development of national film art, improve the system of state support for the industry, introduce an efficient mechanism of film production in our country based on world experience, create the infrastructure of the modern film industry and develop the film distribution system, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan On April 7, 2021, adopted the Decree No. PF-6202 "On bringing the cinematographic art and industry to a new level, further improving the state support system of the industry". Establishing the Tashkent International Film Festival "Masterpiece of the Silk Road" in the decree and holding it regularly from 2021; establishing a state scholarship named after Khudoibergan Devonov to support students of higher education institutions studying cinematography; To traditionally hold the presentation of the "Golden Humo" national film award every year; in order to encourage creators and specialists who are effectively American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 34 www.americanjournal.org working in the field of national cinematography, it was emphasized in connection with issues such as the establishment of the badge "Cinematography Devotional". The international film festival of Asia, Africa and Latin America, held in 1968-1997, was revived under the name "Masterpiece of the Silk Road" Tashkent International Film Festival at the initiative of the head of our country. Creation of today's suitable conditions in the field of cinematography is the current view of the reforms implemented in the development of cinematographic art. References 1. Кинофикация Каракалпакии // «Советская Каракалпакия». Январь, 1935 г. - № 6 (536). 2. Абдреймов Д. Из истории кинофикации Каракалпакстана. https://slib.uz/uz/article/view?id=4490 3. https://t.me/QRARXIV 4. Караманова Г., Даўлетназарова Г. Қарақалпакстан кино көркем өнеринде тарийхый ҳәм миллий мийрасларымыздың сәўлелениўи // Муғаллим ҳәм үзликсиз билимлендириў. – Нөкис, 2009. - №1. – Б. 13. 5. https://uzdsmi-nf.uz/uz/filial-tarixi-2. https://slib.uz/uz/article/view?id=4490