American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766| Volume 6, | Nov., 2022 P a g e | 41 www.americanjournal.org METHODS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS BY CHANGING THEIR STRUCTURE L. O. Olimov Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, proff. Andijan Machine Building Institute, U.A. Axmadaliyev Doctoral Student of the Andijan Machine Building Institute A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article analyzes the improvement of the optical properties of solar cells and the new type of pyramidal solar cell and its construction solutions. The fact that the rays of the sun falling on the surface of the element depend on the geometric dimensions and recommendations for improving the refractive index by changing them are given. pyramidal solar cell, refractive index, photoenergy, light absorption, construction. In the future, the use of renewable energy sources is undoubtedly necessary to ensure energy, environmental, and economic security, as well as for the sustainable development of the energy sector. A prerequisite for preserving natural resources and protecting the environment for future generations is the adoption of renewable and alternative energy sources. The use of solar energy is environmentally friendly compared to conventional fuels, so recently, solar energy has been converted into electricity. the need for devices has increased significantly. Examples of such devices are photovoltaic cells. Various types of photovoltaic devices have already been developed, but their efficiency still needs to be improved, and therefore, creating methods to improve their efficiency is a priority for many researchers. Today, silicon-based, perovskite, organic and other types of solar cells are being produced. Among them, the most common one is silicon-based. Because it is the most common element on earth after oxygen, and the production technology is also cheap. However, the useful work coefficient is close to 20% in production, and theoretically close to 30% in laboratory conditions. It is also very expensive in terms of cost. The useful efficiency of solar cells depends on the nature and structure of the semiconductor material used for it, the quality of the ohmic contact, the resistance of the materials, how much of the incident light flux returns from the surface and how much of it passes through the semiconductor without being absorbed, the formed electron-holes depends on how much is allocated to the p-n junction region. The incidence, refraction and return of light rays on the surface of two media can be analyzed by the nature of the polarization of the electromagnetic wave after falling on the surface, the refraction and return of the polarized light. Taking into account the above points, we have proposed a new American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences Volume 6, Nov., 2022 P a g e | 42 www.americanjournal.org pyramidal solar element. The pyramid-shaped textures formed on the surface of this structure by various technological methods are analyzed based on two or more times of refraction of the light falling on the surface of two media. Due to the increase in the number of refractions, the flow of refracted rays into the semiconductor medium increases. We will consider which absorption has the greatest contribution in the process of absorption and in which cases it can be fully demonstrated. The absorption of light depends on the types of absorption, phonon absorption, excition absorption through the input atoms of the main absorption mechanism, assuming that photoenergy is used to change the energy states of electrons and atoms: Solar elements with this design are very different from other designs in terms of their appearance and structure. Because we can determine how many times the incident light is refracted depending on the angle at the base of the resulting pyramids. Through this, you can find out exactly what pyramids should cover the solar element. Figure 1. general view of the pyramidal solar element. In these pyramidal solar elements, the height of their shape and the angle of their base are the most important parameters. So, if it is considered that the angle at the base of the pyramids should be in the range of 64.3