American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-1766 Volume 31, December - 2024 P a g e | 4 www.americanjournal.org INTERNATIONAL TOURISM IN NEW UZBEKISTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LABOR MARKET Mirolimov son of Mirislam Mirshokir TDIU Department of Economic Statistics, etc. Associate Professor e-mail: mirislom.mirolimov3138@gmail.com +998903343138 A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In the context of the rapidly growing market economy, opportunities and opportunities for the development of types are emerging in the country, further integration of the kinds into the public economy is of great importance in the country's economy. It is known from the history of the world economy that the tourism sector serves to provide currency exchange necessary for the country's treasury, to create new jobs and to raise the standard of living of the population. Tourism, ecotourism, logistics, population welfare, smart tourism, infrastructure, tourists, tourism goals, population welfare, regional economy, gross regional product. Introduction The Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to implement national goals and objectives in the field of sustainable development until 2030" (20.10.2018) and "On additional measures to accelerate the implementation of national goals and objectives in the field of sustainable development until 2030" (21.02.2022) decisions were adopted. As a result of serious interest and efforts to adapt the "Sustainable Development Goals" to the national interests and needs of the country, the results of the Action Strategy of Uzbekistan for 2017–2021 and the currently implemented "New "Development Strategy of Uzbekistan" can be shown. The main principle of the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "Towards Human Dignity and Value," envisages further increasing the well-being of the people, transforming the economy, accelerating the development of entrepreneurship, ensuring human rights and interests, and forming an active civil society. Thus, by 2030, it sets itself the goal of entering the upper group of middle-income countries by ensuring an increase in per capita income to 4,000 US dollars. Uzbekistan is committed to improving the well-being of the population, developing entrepreneurship, ensuring employment and reducing poverty, and addressing issues of targeted social protection directly in the lives of the population. A national model of neighbourhoods, considered in localities (mahallas), is being implemented, which is different from other foreign countries. Based on this principle, several institutional reforms are being carried out, the governance system is being reformed, and democracy is being developed through the broad participation of the population and civil society in all areas of economic and social policy. Is being provided. Our republic is American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 5 www.americanjournal.org fundamentally different from neighbouring countries in terms of its enormous potential in the field of international tourism. The geographical location of Uzbekistan, which is extremely favourable, has natural climatic conditions, which also play a significant role in the cultural development of mankind. Uzbekistan is home to unique, magnificent historical and architectural monuments, delicious fruits, and a variety of It has hospitable people with national cuisine, wonderful national traditions, and customs. All of this attracts the attention of foreign tourists and leaves people speechless. The political stability in Uzbekistan also plays an important role in the development of international tourism. In recent years, modern construction projects, pilgrimage sites, and cultural and spiritual recreation centres have been built in our country. In recent years, our country has become a world leader in Uzbek national wrestling, tennis, and other sports. Championships were held. These events attracted tourists from many foreign countries. In Uzbekistan, in the conditions of market relations, measures for the development of international tourism have been established by the state, and various agreements and agreements have been and are being concluded for the further development of economic relations. The International Tourism Statistical Database is a collection of information It uses a variety of shapes. Statistical observations are carried out through reports or directly by conducting special inspections. Statistical observations through reports. In this case, statistical data are obtained from enterprises, institutions, organizations and others in the established form and within the established time limits. They prepare reports based on accounting and operational data and submit them to statistical bodies. These reports also reflect all the tourism information. Specially organized observations in tourism. The exact calculation of tourist flows and expenses increases when the main methods of tourism statistics - registration of arrivals at the border and accommodation facilities, as well as banking methods are combined with the organization of special observations. Reports submitted by the immigration service, reports of tourist reception enterprises, banks and currency exchange offices serve as the main source of statistical information. However, like complex mass economic phenomena, they are not able to cover all aspects of tourism. Literature review At the end of the 19th century, statistical observations were first conducted in the field of tourism in Austria, and earlier in Switzerland in 1852, the issue of compiling official tourism statistics was raised. In the 19th and 20th centuries, scientific research on about 21 topics related to tourism was first conducted in foreign countries, including the famous Austrian scientist R. Engelman's scientific research is a vivid example of this[1]. In his textbook, Kuzhel Yu. Revealed the role of the tourism sector in the socio-economic development of the country. In this regard, he cites the need to pay special attention to tourism as the fastest-growing sector of the country[2]. According to Russian scientists N. Morozova and M. Morozov, the modern tourism industry has undergone major changes with the introduction of new computer technologies. It is practically impossible for any organization to successfully operate in the tourism business market without the use of modern information technologies [3]. According to N. Khaidarov, the country should sharply increase the number of foreign students admitted to the educational sector. They will live like tourists for at least 4 years of their studies. During their studies, they have a great opportunity to visit their parents and close friends[4]. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 6 www.americanjournal.org It should be noted that countries such as Austria, Switzerland, France, Canada, Spain, Sweden, Great Britain, and the United States have been the leaders in developing reports on the share of tourism in the national economy and conducting economic research in the field of tourism. Over the past 50 years, research in the field of tourism has been developing rapidly, but it can be observed that the study of problems related to the economics of tourism by scientists is much less than the study of other areas of economic activity[5]. One of the most important scientific studies on the study of tourism was the publication of the books “The Economics of Leisure in the Wild” by M. Clawson and J. Kletsch in the mid-1960s, and “International Tourism and Tourism” by H.P. Gray in 1970. This, in turn, aroused interest among economists in studying tourism as a separate type of economic activity. In 1995, the first scientific journal, Tourism Economics, began to be published, reflecting the economic and financial problems of tourism on a global scale.[6] Research Methodology During the research, the advanced experiences of foreign countries in the development of tourism were studied. Official statistical data on tourism were used. The need for scientific research on the development of the service sector in increasing employment levels, especially the development of the tourism sector, was substantiated. The main task of ensuring the development of the labour market infrastructure is to solve the problem of both the unemployed and those who are employed but want to change their main place of work. Currently, the role of information in the labour market is growing significantly. The high need for information for management purposes and the rapid development of information processes lead to the creation of its infrastructure components. Information infrastructure includes computing equipment, communication tools, methodological and software support, and auxiliary types of activity. Analysis and results In the statistical reports of tourism organizations, tourist departure figures are also not taken into account and are often omitted. However, most national tourism administrations do not keep statistics on outbound tourism at all and do not have any information about it. The size of international tourism expenditures is determined by calculating the average travel expenses per capita for the population of the respective country groups. Then, the number of departures is calculated according to a certain formula. Here: D – revenues from world transport. T – revenues from international tourism. E – transportation costs in international transport. R – costs of international tourism. The calculations show that statistical observations provide 80% of information about transport. The remaining 20% is filled in by estimation. After obtaining information on arrivals, tourism and transport revenues and expenses for each country, the second stage of the estimation begins - a comparison of revenues and expenses. In our republic, tourism is mainly developed in a centralized management system. In developing countries, a market model of the tourism economy is used, and many indicators are controlled by the state (through taxes regulatory documents and norms). In a market economy, the monetary American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 7 www.americanjournal.org management model of the tourism sector is based on financial management. Such management leads to the growth of the tourism product. Such a system of international tourism is currently being implemented in countries with developed tourism, such as Japan, France, and Italy. Figure 1. Main indicators of inbound, outbound and domestic tourism to the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2023 (thousand people) Based on the data in the table above, it can be noted that in 2023, 6626.3 thousand people visited the Republic of Uzbekistan for tourist purposes, which is a decrease of 1.8% compared to the same period in 2019. However, the number of trips abroad from our Republic for various purposes also decreased slightly, and the domestic tourism indicator increased by almost 2 times, which makes a significant contribution to the development of domestic tourism. During 2023, 2524.3 thousand people were accommodated in hotels and similar accommodation facilities, of which 53.5% were citizens of Uzbekistan, 19.9% were citizens of CIS member states, and 26.7% were citizens of foreign countries. In 2023, 984.4 thousand people from among those accommodated in hotels and similar accommodation facilities came for vacation, leisure and recreation, 962.6 thousand people for business and professional purposes, 100.0 thousand people for visiting friends and relatives, 73.0 thousand people for visiting, 49.2 thousand for medical and health-improving treatments, and 44.9 thousand for education and professional training. Of those accommodated in specialized accommodation facilities, 583.8 thousand people came for medical and health-improving treatments, 235.4 thousand people for vacation, leisure and recreation, 20.9 thousand people for business and professional purposes, 19.2 thousand people for visiting, 7.6 thousand people for transit, and 0.9 thousand people for education and professional training. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 8 www.americanjournal.org Figure 2.Foreign citizens arriving in the Republic of Uzbekistan from foreign countries (2023, thousand people) The largest influx of foreign citizens to our republic was recorded from the following countries: Kazakhstan - 1,551.1 thousand people, Tajikistan - 1,448.0 thousand people, the Kyrgyz Republic - 1,356.9 thousand people, Russia - 567.6 thousand people, Turkey - 75.5 thousand people, South Korea - 20.0 thousand people, Germany - 17.7 thousand people, India - 16.8 thousand people, the Republic of Belarus - 13.7 thousand people, the USA - 13.2 thousand people, Israel - 11.3 thousand people, Ukraine - 11.1 thousand people, France - 10.9 thousand people and Great Britain - 10.4 thousand people. The remaining 108.6 thousand people came to Uzbekistan from other foreign countries. Figure 3. American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 9 www.americanjournal.org Distribution of the number of foreign citizens arriving in the Republic of Uzbekistan from foreign countries by travel purposes (January-October 2023, thousand people) In 2023, foreign citizens came to Uzbekistan on business trips mainly from Russia (14.6 thousand people), Tajikistan (12.5 thousand people) and Turkey (11.7 thousand people). They came mainly from India (3.8 thousand people), Pakistan (1.2 thousand people) and Tajikistan (0.6 thousand people) for study. The main part of foreigners who came to our country for leisure and recreation are from Russia (157.4 thousand people), Kazakhstan (37.9 thousand people) and Turkey (23.3 thousand people). The main part of trips made for business purposes is from citizens of Tajikistan (10.8 thousand people), Turkmenistan (2.4 thousand people) and Afghanistan (1.7 thousand people). Figure 4. International tourist arrivals, world and regions UNWTO Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili said: “The new year brings more reasons to be optimistic about global tourism. UNWTO expects a strong year for the sector, despite various challenges, including the economic situation and ongoing geopolitical uncertainty. Economic factors are likely to influence people’s travel in 2024, and UNWTO expects domestic and regional travel demand to remain strong, supporting a broader recovery in the sector. All regions of the world recorded significant growth in January 2022 compared to the lows of 2021. Europe (+199%) and the Americas (+97%) continued to post the strongest results, although international arrivals are still close to half of the previous period, due to the pandemic (-53% and -52% respectively). The Middle East (+89%) and Africa (+51%) also recorded growth in January 2023 compared to 2022, but these regions recorded a decline of 63% and 69%, respectively, compared to 2020. Asia and the Pacific recorded a decline of 44%. By subregion, the best results were recorded in Western Europe, which was four times higher in January 2023 than in 2022, but 58% lower than in 2020. In addition, the Caribbean (-38%) and Southern and Mediterranean Europe (-41%) showed the fastest recovery rates compared to 2019 levels (Figure 4). American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 10 www.americanjournal.org Figure 5. Inbound and outbound tourism spending in the Republic of Uzbekistan Of the persons accommodated in specialized accommodation facilities, 583.8 thousand people came for medical and health-improving treatment, 235.4 thousand for vacation, leisure and recreation, 20.9 thousand for business and professional purposes, 19.2 thousand for pilgrimage, 7.6 thousand for transit, and 0.9 thousand for education and professional training. In 2023, 2,601 individual accommodation facilities operated in Uzbekistan, of which 84.2% were guest houses, 8.1% were summer cottages, 1.5% were summer camps, and 6.2% were other residential facilities. Of the persons accommodated in individual residential premises, 366.8 thousand people arrived for vacation, leisure and recreation, 12.7 thousand for business and professional purposes, 6.8 thousand for educational and professional training purposes, 5.5 thousand for transit, 5.0 thousand for medical and health-improving procedures, and 2.3 thousand for pilgrimage. Figure 6. Foreign citizens who arrived in the Republic of Uzbekistan for tourism purposes (for January-December of the corresponding year, thousand people) American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 11 www.americanjournal.org In January-December 2022, the number of foreign citizens who arrived in Uzbekistan for study purposes was 8.8 thousand people (0.2% of total arrivals), for business purposes - 20.4 thousand people (0.4%), for medical treatment - 70.0 thousand people (1.3%), for business trips - 83.8 thousand people (1.6%), for leisure and recreation - 392.2 thousand people (7.5%). The most frequent purpose of trips was to visit relatives - 4,657.6 thousand people (89.0%). Compared to the corresponding period in 2021, trips for study purposes increased by 37.5%, business trips by 38.1%, and business trips by 48.9%. Trips for medical treatment increased by 2.2 times, for leisure and recreation by 2.5 times, and for visiting relatives by 2.9 times. From the graphs below, it can be concluded that in 2022, foreign citizens from foreign countries (excluding the CIS countries) visited our country mainly for leisure and recreation - 140.5 thousand people (53.08% of the total number of visitors from foreign countries (excluding the CIS countries), for visiting relatives - 73.4 thousand people (27.73%) and for business trips - 37.6 thousand people (14.2%). Conclusions and Results In conclusion, it should be noted that despite the ongoing global financial and economic crisis, the international tourism industry is currently developing, especially in countries with a high role and potential in their economies, and is showing its impact on international tourism exports with a steady increase in tourism flows worldwide. To diversify tourism products and services aimed at various segments of the tourism market, it is advisable to implement the following: − within the framework of the development of extreme and mountain tourism, launch additional infrastructure facilities in the Tashkent region based on the most advanced and innovative technologies; − to develop film tourism, simplify the procedure for reimbursing part of the costs of foreign film companies for audiovisual products received in the republic; − Expand the establishment of “Tourism Mahalla”, “Tourism Village” and “Tourism Aul" to increase the tourist attractiveness and ensure the flow of tourists, based on the nature and customs of the neighbourhoods and villages; − To create conditions for the development of tourism types, it is necessary to accelerate the establishment of the "Uzbekistan Tourism Highway" tourism transport corridor along highways. Tourism has become one of the sectors of services with high gross added value while requiring low costs. This, in turn, has created the need for a deep analysis of aggregate indicators characterizing tourism in the economy, including the gross added value created in tourism sectors or the share of tourism in the economy, i.e. gross domestic product, tourism expenditures and consumption. References 1. N. Khaidarov. Experience of foreign countries in the development of tourism. Open economy: healthy competition, business environment attractiveness of investment environment / International practical conference / TDIU 2. Kabirov I.S. Statistichesky uchet v tourisme. Aktualnye problemy ekonomiki i prava., 2009., - No. 3. – p. 45. 3. http://arm.sies.uz/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/12-y-Halkara-turizm.-Darslik-H.M.Mamatkulov- A.B.Bektemirov-va-bosh.-S-2007-.pdf American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences 31, December- 2024 P a g e | 12 www.americanjournal.org 4. https://www.unwto.org/news/tourism-set-to-return-to-pre-pandemic-levels-in-some-regions-in- 2023 5. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-statistics/key-tourism-statistics 6. It was prepared based on the information from the Stat.uz website.