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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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                                                                                                                                                         79 | P a g e  

EFFECT OF BOARD CHARACTERISTICS ON CARBON EMISSION 

DISCLOSURE: A STUDY OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA  
 

1Ezekwere Uzochukwu (PhD) and 2Bennee Emmanuel (PhD)  
1Department of Accounting, Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ideato, Imo State 

2Department of Accounting, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, River State 

E-mail: uzochukwu.ezekwere@komu.edu.ng;  emmanuelbennee@gmail.com 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737742 

 

Abstract: This study determined the effect of board characteristics on carbon emission disclosure 

of oil and gas firms in Nigeria from 2013-2023, using gender diversity, and board independent as 

the independent variables, while carbon emission disclosure was the dependent variable of the 

study. Data were extracted from the annual reports and account of the sampled firms.  Descriptive 

Statistics of this study was applied, while Panel Least Square regression analysis was employed to 

test the hypotheses. The study indicates that gender diversity has significant and positive effect on 

carbon emission disclosure while board independence has a significant but negative effect on carbon 

emission disclosure. In conclusion, board characteristics have a significant effect on Carbon 

emission disclosure of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Based on the study findings, the study 

recommended that since there is a positive relationship between gender diversity and 

environmental disclosure, the management of firms should sustain a gender mix that is likely to 

have improved financial performance. 

Keywords: Gender diversity, Board independent and Carbon emission disclosure 

 

Introduction 

A board of directors is a set of those who jointly supervise the activities of a corporation, which can be 

both a for-profit enterprise, nonprofit enterprise, and a central authority employer. The sort of 

board's powers, duties, and responsibilities are decided with the aid of government policies (along 

with the jurisdiction's organization’s law) and the employer's own constitution and bylaws. These 

authorities may specify the number of participants of the board, how they're to be chosen, and the 

way often they are to fulfill (li, Qizi, Shahab, Wu, & Ntim, 2023). As a feature, Board members must 

be committed and devoted to their roles. They need to attend conferences often, put together earlier, 

and be willing to invest effort and time in their obligations. A secondary function is responsibility. An 

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American Research Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 

Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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                                                                                                                                                         80 | P a g e  

excessive-appearing board holds itself responsible for its selections and actions. Different 

characteristics of a Board consist of board length, board independence, and having a lady director. 

The boards of directors are agents to the corporation. They may be made from people who oversee the 

sports of a corporation. The primary purpose of the board is to display and advise the top 

management within the discharge in their obligations to the owners (Louziri, & Oubal, 2025).  

Climate alternate is one of the maximum complicated environmental issues posing threats and 

providing opportunities for companies in all sectors. From a business point of view, corporate 

attitudes in the direction of weather alternate have modified considerably nowadays. In the early 

1990s, agencies are frequently observed to cover up or ignore climate exchange issues. Over time, the 

aim of business has modified from an emphasis on shareholder satisfaction alone closer to mutual 

benefits for business and societies. Companies, as part of society, at the moment are faced with the 

task of a way to reduce emissions to mitigate weather trade. In addition, they may be worried with 

how weather trade will impact upon their operations, because the growth in atmospheric temperature 

has given rise to an accumulation of greenhouse fuel (GHG) emissions, especially of carbon dioxide. 

The political context wherein specific international locations have exceptional positions concerning 

the destiny of international climate policies exposes groups to a totally excessive stage of regulatory 

uncertainty (Nie & Wang, 2019; Okafor, 2018). In the absence of a global regulatory framework for 

weather exchange, many firms now take into account a climate approach, a crucial enterprise exercise 

for competitive reasons. furthermore, even within the absence of presidency law, several companies 

have determined to constrain their impact on the worldwide weather and publicly adhere to a specific 

carbon norm, inclusive of carbon neutrality or carbon labels, to show their dedication to weather 

exchange mitigation on a voluntary foundation or in response to stakeholder stress from buyers, 

providers, or customers (Naciti & Centorrino, 2022). As a consequence, an increasing number of 

firms around the sector cautiously don't forget create and enforce carbon control method to mitigate 

carbon emissions. 

The inconsistencies of findings from the reviewed literatures showed that there may be a gap in 

literature which this study sought to fill. In an attempt to ultimate the variable gap, this gift look at 

targeted on carbon emission disclosure as towards prior research that predominantly targeted on 

financial performance. The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of board 

characteristics on carbon emission disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The specific 

objectives were to: 

i. Determine the effect of gender diversity on carbon emission disclosure of listed oil and gas 

firms in Nigeria. 

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American Research Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 

Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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                                                                                                                                                         81 | P a g e  

ii. Assess the effect of board independence on carbon emission disclosure of listed oil and gas 

firms in Nigeria. 

 

Conceptual Review 

Board Characteristics 

Board characteristics is the concept derived from the attributes or incentives variable that performs a 

good sized function in monitoring, controlling managers and may be described as a bridge between 

company management and shareholders (Ogbulafor, Alpheaus & Azubuike, 2025; Araoye & Olatunji, 

2019). To understand the role of the board, board’s characteristics encompass a group of people, who 

combine their talents and capabilities that together constitute the pool of social capital for their firm 

that is contributed toward executing the governance function (Bekiaris, 2021). for this reason, the 

board traits means directors and bosses in a vastly more complicated environment, an increasing 

number of accountable to and encouraged by using multiple stakeholders and compelled from all 

sides for better reporting on corporate fitness and behaviors (Emeka-Nwokeji, & Agubata, 2019). The 

capability of an employer so that you can resist financial demanding situations and perform nicely is 

thought to be depending on the particular attributes of its board of directors. The board is the ideally 

suited decision-making unit inside the organization, as the board of directors has the obligation to 

safeguard and maximize shareholder’s wealth, oversee company performance, and investigate 

managerial performance (Awad, Gharios, Abu-Khalaf & Seissian, 2024). 

Board Gender Diversity 

Board gender diversity is the share of female directors to the full number of directors at the board 

(Bekiaris, 2021). Board gender variety is a widespread aspect of corporate governance; it is defined 

because the presence of female administrators at the board of administrators of corporations 

(Amahalu, Okoye, Obi & Iliemena, 2019). Gender diversity specializes in the percentage and number 

of ladies on forums (Zalata, Ntim,Choudhry, Hassanein & Elzahar, 2019). Board gender diversity 

approach equal or balanced representation of people from different genders in the place of work or 

different contexts and/or businesses. The quantity to which someone’s gender identity, role, or 

expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for human beings of a selected intercourse 

(Dinh, Dang & Trinh, 2025; Mofijul & Maksudur, 2019). 

Mnif and Cherif (2021) reported that it is the share of men to females in an enterprise that can affect 

the way in which they have interaction and behave with one another at the work location, and thereby 

affect the social and cultural surroundings. Board gender range consists of an honest and equitable 

representation of people of various genders, generally known as an equitable ratio of males and 

females. Gender diversity on company boards studies and promotes gender diversity in fields 

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American Research Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 

Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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historically ruled by male. It helps firms attracting and keeping gifted female, being especially 

relevant as more women be part of the hard work pressure all around the international (Somathilake, 

2018). In the view of Arioglu (2020), female on board show extra duties, greater philanthropically 

incline and much more likely to alternate monetary overall performance for company social duties. 

Appointments of ladies at the board are expected to bring about variety of reviews and attitude to 

board deliberations; especially when it pertains to sustainability disclosure (Magomaa, Ernest & 

Kasheshi, 2024; Onyali & Okerekeoti, 2018). 

Board independence  

Board of director (BOD) is considered an internal governance mechanism. Many preceding research 

have shown that the independence of BOD has an influence on the overall performance of the 

organization (Shah, et al., 2022; Thuy, 2020). Board independence can be defined as the 

independence between BOD and board of control (Raza, et. al., 2023). 

Corporate boards are the number one and dominant inner corporate governance mechanism and play 

a key position in monitoring control and aligning the interests of shareholders with management (Ali, 

et al., 2021). Boards are responsible for care and diligence, consisting of making sure that economic 

controls are effective. Board may also give management strategic pointers and may even act to study 

and ratify control proposals (Khatib, & Nour, 2021). Boards also spot issues early and can work out a 

whistle-blower characteristic (Bansal, et al., 2023). 

Enterprise boards ought to have an impartial majority. An independent majority at the board is much 

more likely to take into account the quality pursuits of shareowners first. It is also likely to foster 

impartial decision-making and to mitigate conflicts of hobby which can get up (Alqatan, Chbib & 

Hussainey, 2019). Hussain, Rigoni & Orij (2023) showed that board’s independence changed into 

now not associated with earning control even though the percentage of independent directors on the 

board become one-0.33 of the total majority, which means even though the employer had many 

impartial directors at the board, it would now not increase shareholders’ return (Kanakriyah, 2021).  

Carbon Emissions Disclosure 

Global bank report (2019) reported that Carbon pricing is “an instrument that captures the external 

expenses of greenhouse gasoline (GHG) emissions - the fees of emissions that the general public pays 

for, which include damage to vegetation, health care costs from warmth waves and droughts, and loss 

of belongings from flooding and sea degree upward thrust and ties them to their assets thru a fee, 

commonly in the form of a price at the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted. A charge on carbon enables 

shift the burden for the damage from GHG emissions backs to those who are responsible for it and 

who can avoid it. instead of dictating who ought to reduce emissions in which and the way, a carbon 

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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

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rate presents an economic signal to emitters, and permits them to decide to either rework their sports 

and lower their emissions, or continue emitting and paying for their emissions. 

In this way, the overall environmental aim is completed within the maximum bendy and least-price 

manner to society. Putting a good enough price on GHG emissions is of essential relevance to 

internalize the outside value of climate alternate within the broadest viable variety of monetary 

decision making and in setting financial incentives for smooth improvement. it may assist to mobilize 

the monetary investments required to stimulate smooth era and market innovation, fueling new, low-

carbon drivers of financial growth. Governments and agencies have come to agree at the fundamental 

function of carbon pricing in the transition to a decarbonized economy. 

Empirical Studies  

Abiad, Abraham, El-Chaarani and Binsaddig (2025) determined the influence of corporate 

governance characteristics on bank financial performance in Gulf Cooperation Council countries from 

2019 to 2023 using two-stage least squares and generalized method of moment’s econometric 

methods. The study showed that CEO duality increases return on equity, with a non-significant 

impact on return on assets. The study also showed that bank size moderates the impacts of board size, 

board independence, and gender diversity in boards on the financial performance of banks. 

Bunyaminua, Yakubu and Oumarou (2025) ascertained the association between corporate 

governance mechanisms and firm market value using data from listed firms on the Ghana stock 

exchange spanning 2008 to 2018. Generalized method of moments (GMM) regression technique was 

employed. The study indicates significant linkages between specific governance variables and MvA. 

Notably, outside directors, gender diversity, frequency 

of board meetings, and audit committee size are found to significantly reduce firm 

value. Johennesse and Budidarma (2022) ascertained the effect of corporate governance 

characteristics on bank performance. Data were extracted from Data stream database, which included 

bank data from 34 countries of G20. The results showed that board size, gender diversity and board 

independence positively affected ROA but negatively and non-significantly affected price earnings 

ratio (PER). Mititean (2022) examined the effect of board’s characteristics on the financial 

performance of firms operating in the energy industry in Romania from 2018 to 2021. The SPSS 

statistical program was used to run the regression model on the selected sample. This study found 

that CEO duality and board’s meetings were negatively correlated with ROE, but positively correlated 

with ROA.  Islam, Pervej and Lee (2022) analyzed the effect of characteristics of board on the 

financial outcomes of firms IN Bangladesh   from 2016 to 2020. Regression analysis was conducted, 

and found that, except the number of Directors in the executive committee, no other independent 

variables have a significant impact on Return on Asset (ROA). Enofe and Igbinoba (2020) determined 

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American Research Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 

Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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the effect of board characteristics on audit quality in Nigeria from 2014-2018. Descriptive and 

inferential statistics were employed to summarize the data and to draw inference on the population 

studied. Result from the binary probit regression revealed that board independence and diligence had 

positive relationship on audit quality. Jan-Endrikat, Charl de Villiers and Guenther (2020) analyzed 

the association between Board Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Germany 

from 2011-2018, using a meta-analytic path model that accounted for the potential interplay between 

board characteristics in determining CSR and tests whether the presence of a CSR committee played a 

meditating role.  Augustine (2020) investigated the effect of corporate board characteristics on the 

financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms 2011-2016. The study employed the random‐effects 

and fixed‐effects generalized least squares (GLS) regression to test the six hypotheses formulated for 

the study, while controlling for firm size and firm age. The study found that board size, CEO duality 

and gender diversity were negatively linked with return on capital employed (ROCE).  Isa Usman, 

Zakariya'u Gurama and Sirajo-Murtala (2019) examined the effect of board characteristics on firm 

performance of non-financial listed companies in Nigeria from 2014-2015.The statistical instrument 

used was the fixed effect Panel least Square regression. Findings of this study showed that board 

independent has a positive but not significant relationship with Return on Equity (ROE) and Return 

on Asset (ROA). Chukwu and Nwabochi (2019) tested the impact of the board size on the financial 

performance of 136 Nigerian manufacturing firms for data from 2002-2012. Robust estimator 

developed by Beck-Katz (1995) was used for analysis. The results found positive relation between the 

board size and return on asset and Z Altiman score. Che-Ahmad and Chandren (2018) ascertained the 

effect of board structure on the financial performance of 348 firms quoted on Australian stock 

exchange from 2012 to 2017. Multiple regression models was employed and found that there is a 

positive and statistically significant relation between board composition and revenue growth. Al-

Najjar (2018) ascertained the effect between market value added (MVA) and the performance of 

companies measures (earnings per share ratio, company size and investment of the companies listed 

in Tehran Stock Exchange for eight-year period (from the beginning of fiscal year 2005 by the end of 

fiscal year 2018). Correlation multiplier scatter diagrams and multiple regressions were employed and 

the study results indicated a significant relation between company size, earnings per share ratio, 

investment and market value added. 

Methodology 

Ex-post facto research design was employed in this study. This study was treated as ex-post facto 

research since it relied on historical data. The population of the study consists of all the nine (9) Oil 

and Gas firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Data to be used in this study was 

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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

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collected mainly from secondary source. These data were obtained for eleven (11) year’s annual 

reports and account and sustainability report from 2013-2023 of the sample Oil and Gas firms. 

This study employed descriptive statistics and Panel least square (PLS) regression analysis.    

Model Specification 

This study modified the model of Okocha, Okoye, Amahalu, & Obi, (2022): 

ERD  = βo + β1GDVίt + β2BDSZίt + β3ACFE ίt +µίt   - - - - ….i 

Where: 

ERD = Environmental Remediation Disclosure   

GDV = Gender Diversity  

BDSZ = Board Size  

ACFE = Audit Committee Financial Expertise  

Consequent upon the adapted model, the following regression equations were constructed: 

CED = βo + β1BGDίt + β2BIDίt + β3ALEV ίt +µίt   - - - - …ii 

Where: 

βo  = Constant term (intercept) 

βίt=  Coefficients of Board Characteristics for firm ί in period t  

µίt  = Error term/unexplained variable(s) of firm ί in period t 

CEDit  =   Carbon Emission Disclosure of firm ί in period t 

BGDit  =   Board Gender Diversity of firm ί in period t 

BIDit  = Board Independence of firm ί in period t 

LEVit  = Leverage of firm ί in period t 

Decision Rule 

Accept the null hypothesis (Ho) if the p-value of the test is greater than 0.05, otherwise reject and 

accept the alternate hypothesis (H1). 

Data Analysis and Result 

 CED BGD BID LEV 

 Mean  0.818182  7835.636  0.545455  0.127324 

 Median  1.000000  5400.000  1.000000  0.133536 

 Maximum  1.000000  47546.00  1.000000  0.230298 

 Minimum  0.000000  0.000000  0.000000  0.032253 

 Std. Dev.  0.387657  12968.60  0.500464  0.066987 

 Skewness -1.649916  2.573287 -0.182574  0.044830 

 Kurtosis  3.722222  8.199958  1.033333  1.800592 

 Jarque-Bera  47.06829  220.7980  16.50458  5.967301 

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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

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 Probability  0.000000  0.000000  0.000261  0.050608 

 Sum  81.00000  775728.0  54.00000  12.60512 

 Sum Sq. Dev.  14.72727  1.65E+10  24.54545  0.439754 

 Observations  99  99  99  99 

From table 1, it could be observed that the mean values of the carbon emission disclosure (CED) stood 

at 0.818. Furthermore, the mean value of board gender diversity (BGD) value of showed an average 

value of 7835.64. Also, the mean values of board independent disclosure (BID) showed a value of 

0.545. On firm leverage (LEV), the mean values stood at 0.127   

The kurtosis of     3.722222,  8.199958,  1.033333, and 1.800592 for CED, BGD, BID, and LEV 

showing a distribution that is strong, suggesting a concentration of values around the mean with 

potential outliers. The Jarque-Bera probability of    0.000000,  0.000000, 0.000261 and 

0.050608 confirms that the CED, BGD, BIGD, and LEV data is significantly non-normally distributed 

showed that traditional parametric analyses may need to be approached with caution.  

On the Jarque–Bera test of goodness-of-fit, the result suggested that only the data on firms in the 

Nigerian oil and gas firms. Theorem revealed that the violation of the normality assumption posed no 

major problem in panel data analysis, especially with large firm-year observations (Ghasem and 

Zahediasl, 2012). 

Test of Hypotheses 

Table 1: Panel Least Square Regression Analysis testing the effect of BGD,BID, LEV on 

CED 

Dependent Variable: CED   

Method: Panel Least Squares   

Date: 06/24/25   Time: 10:02   

Sample: 2013 2023   

Periods included: 11   

Cross-sections included: 9   

Total panel (balanced) observations: 99  

     
     

Variable 

Coefficien

t Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.   

     
     C 0.357148 0.084789 4.212218 0.0001 

BGD 1.12E-05 2.03E-06 5.504575 0.0000 

BID -0.138831 0.060574 -2.291926 0.0241 

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LEV 3.528034 0.450712 7.827684 0.0000 

     
     

R-squared 0.574266 

    Mean dependent 

var 0.818182 

Adjusted R-

squared 0.560822     S.D. dependent var 

0.38765

7 

S.E. of regression 0.256903 

    Akaike info 

criterion 0.159326 

Sum squared resid 6.269901     Schwarz criterion 0.264179 

Log likelihood 

-

3.886628 

    Hannan-Quinn 

criter. 

0.20175

0 

F-statistic 42.71468     Durbin-Watson stat 2.387128 

Prob(F-statistic) 

0.00000

0    

     
     In table 2, a simple least square regression analysis was conducted to test the effect between board 

gender diversity (BGD), board independent (BID), firm leverage (LEV) and carbon emission 

disclosure (CED). The R-squared is coefficient of determination which tells us the variation in the 

dependent variable due to changes in the independent variable. The value of R squared was 0.57, 

showing that there was variation of 57% on CED due to changes in BGD, BID and LEV. This implies 

that 57% changes in CED could be accounted for by BGD, BID and LEV, while 43% was explained by 

unknown variables that were not included in the model.  

The Durbin-Watson Statistic of 2.387 suggests that the model does not contain serial correlation. The 

F-statistic of the regression is equal to 42.71468. The associated F-statistic probability is 0.000. 

Test of Hypothesis one 

Ho1: Gender diversity has no significant effect on carbon emission disclosure of listed oil and gas 

firms in Nigeria  

H1: Gender diversity has significant effect on carbon emission disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in 

Nigeria  

The table showed that BGD is positively and significantly affect the CED of oil and gas firms in 

Nigeria. The beta coefficient of the variable; β1 = 1.120; the slope coefficient shows that p-value = 

0.000 < 0.05. Thus, a significant and positive effect exists between BGD and CED.  The overall 

regression result with P-value = 0.000 provides a basis for accepting the alternative hypothesis, which 

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states that board gender diversity has a significant and positive effect on carbon emission disclosure 

of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. 

Hypothesis two 

Ho2: Board independence has no significant effect on carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas firms 

in Nigeria 

H2: Board independence has significant effect on carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas firms in 

Nigeria 

The table showed that BID is negatively and significantly affect the CED of oil and gas firms in 

Nigeria. The beta coefficient of the variable; β1 = -0.139; the slope coefficient shows that p-value = 

0.024 < 0.05. Thus, a significant and negative effect exists between BID and CED.  The overall 

regression result with P-value = 0.024 provides a basis for accepting the alternative hypothesis, which 

states that board independent has a significant but negative effect on carbon emission disclosure of oil 

and gas firms in Nigeria. 

Discussion of Findings 

The regression output shows that a significant and positive effect exists between BGD and CED.  The 

regression result with P-value = 0.000 provides a basis for accepting the alternative hypothesis, which 

states that board gender diversity has a significant and positive effect on carbon emission disclosure 

of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. This result agreed with Ogunmodede, Ibukun-Falayi and Alake (2024) 

reports, but disagrees with the result of Okoye, Oranefofor and Agu (2024). 

The regression output shows that a significant and negative effect exists between BID and CED.  The 

overall regression result with P-value = 0.024 provides a basis for accepting the alternative 

hypothesis, which states that board independent has a significant but negative effect on carbon 

emission disclosure of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The result of this study is in line with Pereira, 

Monteiro, Silva and Lima (2023) but negates that of the study of Nguyen, Pham, Truong, Phi, Le and 

Vu (2023). 

Conclusion and Recommendations 

This study determined the effect of board characteristics on carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas 

firms in Nigeria from 20132-2023, using gender diversity, and board independent as the independent 

variables, while carbon emission disclosure was the dependent variable of the study. Data were 

extracted from the annual reports and account of the sampled firms.  Descriptive Statistics of this study 

was applied, while Panel Least Square regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The 

study indicates that gender diversity has significant and positive effect on carbon emission disclosure 

while board independence has a significant but negative effect on carbon emission disclosure. In 

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conclusion, board characteristics have a significant effect on Carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas 

firms in Nigeria. 

On the premise of these study findings, the following recommendations were made: 

i. Since there is a positive relationship between gender diversity and environmental disclosure, 

the management of firms should sustain a gender mix that is likely to have improved financial 

performance 

ii. The positive relationship between board independence and carbon emission disclosure is an 

indication that board independence should be increased through creativity and innovation in order to 

manage the relationship between the boards and stakeholders leading to an improvement in the firm 

financial performance and disclosure activities. 

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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
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Volume 13 Issue 2, April-June 2025 

ISSN: 2836-9416 

Impact Factor: 6.41 

Journal Homepage: https://americaserial.com/Journals/index.php/ARJEFM 
Email: contact@americaserial.com 

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