id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
arjefm-1223	1	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	1	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	11	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	13	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	15	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	17	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	18	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	19	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	1	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	27	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	1	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	32	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	34	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	35	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	1	36	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	1	38	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	39	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	40	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	41	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	42	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	43	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	1	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	1	45	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	47	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	48	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	1	49	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	50	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	52	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	1	53	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	1	54	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	2	1	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	3	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	3	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	3	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	3	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	6	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	3	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	8	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	3	10	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	11	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	3	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	3	16	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	17	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	18	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	3	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	21	pajo	pajo	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	22	adi	adi	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	23	stephen	stephen	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	3	25	ikilidih	ikilidih	ADJ
arjefm-1223	3	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	3	27	joy	joy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	28	n.	n.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	29	department	department	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	3	31	accountancy	accountancy	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	32	paul	paul	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	33	university	university	PROPN
arjefm-1223	3	34	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	3	35	awka	awka	ADV
arjefm-1223	3	36	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	37	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	38	mail	mail	NOUN
arjefm-1223	3	39	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	4	1	pajoadi@gmail.com	pajoadi@gmail.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	4	3	joyikilidih@yahoo.com	joyikilidih@yahoo.com	X
arjefm-1223	4	4	doi	doi	PROPN
arjefm-1223	4	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	4	6	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15829650	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15829650	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	7	abstract	abstract	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	4	9	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	4	10	ascertained	ascertain	VERB
arjefm-1223	4	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	4	12	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	4	14	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	4	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	16	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	4	18	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	19	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	20	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	4	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	22	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	4	24	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	25	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	26	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	4	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	4	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	4	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	5	1	ex	ex	PRON
arjefm-1223	5	2	post	post	X
arjefm-1223	5	3	facto	facto	X
arjefm-1223	5	4	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	5	5	design	design	NOUN
arjefm-1223	5	6	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	5	7	adopted	adopt	VERB
arjefm-1223	5	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	6	1	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	6	2	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	6	3	extracted	extract	VERB
arjefm-1223	6	4	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	6	5	audited	audit	VERB
arjefm-1223	6	6	annual	annual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	6	7	reports	report	NOUN
arjefm-1223	6	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	6	9	accounts	account	NOUN
arjefm-1223	6	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	6	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	6	12	sampled	sample	VERB
arjefm-1223	6	13	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	6	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	6	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	6	16	spanning	span	VERB
arjefm-1223	6	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	6	18	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	6	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	6	20	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	6	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	1	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	7	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	7	3	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	7	6	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	7	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	7	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	7	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	7	10	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	7	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	7	13	slope	slope	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	14	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	15	indicate	indicate	VERB
arjefm-1223	7	16	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	7	17	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	18	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	7	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	20	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	21	=	=	NOUN
arjefm-1223	7	22	0.4724	0.4724	NUM
arjefm-1223	7	23	>	>	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	24	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	7	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	7	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	8	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	8	2	co	co	ADJ
arjefm-1223	8	3	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	8	4	efficient	efficient	ADJ
arjefm-1223	8	5	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	8	7	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	8	8	β1=	β1=	X
arjefm-1223	8	9	1536.19	1536.19	NUM
arjefm-1223	8	10	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	8	11	t	t	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	12	=	=	NUM
arjefm-1223	8	13	0.792	0.792	NUM
arjefm-1223	8	14	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	8	15	tac	tac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	8	16	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	8	17	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	8	18	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	19	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	20	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	8	21	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-1223	8	22	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	8	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	8	26	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	8	27	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	8	28	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	8	29	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	8	30	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	8	31	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	8	32	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	8	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	9	1	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	9	2	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	9	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	9	4	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	9	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	9	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	9	7	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	9	8	recommended	recommend	VERB
arjefm-1223	9	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	9	10	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	9	11	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	9	12	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	9	13	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	9	14	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	9	15	lower	lower	VERB
arjefm-1223	9	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	9	17	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	9	18	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	9	19	obligations	obligation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	9	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	10	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	10	2	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	3	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	10	4	qualify	qualify	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	10	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	10	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	8	authority	authority	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	9	should	should	AUX
arjefm-1223	10	10	ensure	ensure	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	10	12	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	13	use	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	14	itemized	itemize	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	15	deductions	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	16	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	10	17	his	his	PRON
arjefm-1223	10	18	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	19	return	return	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	10	21	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	10	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	10	23	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	24	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	10	25	qualify	qualify	ADJ
arjefm-1223	10	26	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	10	27	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	10	28	must	must	AUX
arjefm-1223	10	29	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	10	30	given	give	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	10	32	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	10	33	approved	approve	VERB
arjefm-1223	10	34	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	10	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	11	1	key	key	ADJ
arjefm-1223	11	2	word	word	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	11	4	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	11	5	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	6	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	11	8	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	11	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	11	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	11	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	12	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	2	one	one	NUM
arjefm-1223	12	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	12	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	12	5	motivations	motivation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	12	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	8	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	9	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	12	10	taxation	taxation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	12	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	12	13	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	12	15	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	12	16	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	17	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	18	increases	increase	VERB
arjefm-1223	12	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	12	20	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	12	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	23	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	12	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	12	26	quality	quality	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	27	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	12	28	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	12	29	profits	profit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	12	30	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	12	31	martani	martani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	12	32	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	12	33	persada	persada	PROPN
arjefm-1223	12	34	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	12	35	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	12	36	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	12	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	1	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	2	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	13	3	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	13	4	desai	desai	PROPN
arjefm-1223	13	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	13	6	dharmaphala	dharmaphala	PROPN
arjefm-1223	13	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	8	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-1223	13	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	10	2019b	2019b	NUM
arjefm-1223	13	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	12	have	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	13	13	investigated	investigate	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	13	15	book	book	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	17	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	18	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	13	20	off	off	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	21	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	13	22	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	23	must	must	AUX
arjefm-1223	13	24	balance	balance	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	13	26	incentive	incentive	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	27	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	13	28	minimize	minimize	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	29	taxes	taxis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	30	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	13	31	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	13	32	maximize	maximize	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	33	book	book	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	34	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	35	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	13	36	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	37	linking	link	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	38	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	39	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	40	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	13	41	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	13	42	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	43	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	44	have	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	13	45	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	46	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	13	47	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	48	relying	rely	VERB
arjefm-1223	13	49	heavily	heavily	ADV
arjefm-1223	13	50	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	13	51	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	13	52	agency	agency	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	53	theory	theory	NOUN
arjefm-1223	13	54	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	14	1	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	14	2	argued	argue	VERB
arjefm-1223	14	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	14	4	due	due	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	5	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	14	7	conflict	conflict	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	9	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	10	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	11	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	14	13	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	14	15	opportunistic	opportunistic	ADJ
arjefm-1223	14	16	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	14	18	seeking	seek	VERB
arjefm-1223	14	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	14	20	maximize	maximize	VERB
arjefm-1223	14	21	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	14	22	self	self	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	14	24	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	14	26	resort	resort	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	27	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	28	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	29	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	30	practices	practice	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	31	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	14	32	divert	divert	VERB
arjefm-1223	14	33	wealth	wealth	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	34	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	35	them	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	14	36	through	through	ADP
arjefm-1223	14	37	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	38	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	14	39	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	1	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	15	2	opportunistically	opportunistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	15	3	adjust	adjust	VERB
arjefm-1223	15	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	15	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	15	6	expropriate	expropriate	VERB
arjefm-1223	15	7	wealth	wealth	NOUN
arjefm-1223	15	8	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	15	9	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	15	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	15	11	themselves	themselves	PRON
arjefm-1223	15	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	13	hunt	hunt	PROPN
arjefm-1223	15	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	15	moyer	moyer	PROPN
arjefm-1223	15	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	17	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	15	18	shevlin	shevlin	PROPN
arjefm-1223	15	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	20	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-1223	15	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	15	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	16	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
arjefm-1223	16	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	16	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	16	4	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-1223	16	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
arjefm-1223	16	6	one	one	NUM
arjefm-1223	16	7	incentive	incentive	NOUN
arjefm-1223	16	8	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	16	9	managing	manage	VERB
arjefm-1223	16	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	16	11	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	16	12	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	16	13	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	16	14	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	16	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	17	1	christensen	christensen	PROPN
arjefm-1223	17	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	17	3	murphy	murphy	PROPN
arjefm-1223	17	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	17	5	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	17	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	17	7	argued	argue	VERB
arjefm-1223	17	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	17	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	17	10	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	17	11	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	12	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	13	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	17	14	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	15	accruing	accrue	VERB
arjefm-1223	17	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	17	17	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	18	hence	hence	ADV
arjefm-1223	17	19	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	20	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	17	21	encouraged	encourage	VERB
arjefm-1223	17	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	17	23	employ	employ	VERB
arjefm-1223	17	24	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	17	25	best	good	ADJ
arjefm-1223	17	26	effort	effort	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	27	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	17	28	minimize	minimize	VERB
arjefm-1223	17	29	taxes	taxis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	17	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	1	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	18	2	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	18	3	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	4	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	18	6	favoured	favour	VERB
arjefm-1223	18	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	18	8	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	10	graham	graham	PROPN
arjefm-1223	18	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	12	hanlon	hanlon	PROPN
arjefm-1223	18	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	14	shelvin	shelvin	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	18	16	shroff	shroff	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	18	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-1223	18	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	20	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	18	21	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	18	22	has	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	18	23	been	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	18	24	described	describe	VERB
arjefm-1223	18	25	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	18	26	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	18	27	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	NOUN
arjefm-1223	18	28	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	19	1	pajoadi@gmail.com	pajoadi@gmail.com	X
arjefm-1223	20	1	joyikilidih@yahoo.com	joyikilidih@yahoo.com	X
arjefm-1223	21	1	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	VERB
arjefm-1223	21	2	american	american	ADJ
arjefm-1223	21	3	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	4	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	21	6	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	8	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	21	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	11	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	12	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	13	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	14	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	16	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	18	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	19	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	20	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	21	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	22	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	23	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	21	24	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	25	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	26	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	27	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	28	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	21	29	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	30	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	32	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	36	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	21	37	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	21	39	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	21	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	21	46	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	21	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	21	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	21	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	22	1	14	14	NUM
arjefm-1223	23	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	23	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	23	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	23	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	6	transfer	transfer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	23	8	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	9	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	23	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	23	11	government	government	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	12	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	23	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	23	14	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	23	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-1223	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	3	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	4	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	5	techniques	technique	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	6	like	like	VERB
arjefm-1223	24	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	8	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	9	payment	payment	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	11	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	12	payment	payment	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	24	14	differed	differed	ADJ
arjefm-1223	24	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	16	liability	liability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	17	give	give	VERB
arjefm-1223	24	18	room	room	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	19	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	24	20	opportunistic	opportunistic	ADJ
arjefm-1223	24	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	24	23	manage	manage	VERB
arjefm-1223	24	24	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	25	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	24	26	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	24	27	way	way	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	28	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	24	29	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	24	30	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	24	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	24	32	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	33	instead	instead	ADV
arjefm-1223	24	34	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	24	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	24	36	owners	owner	NOUN
arjefm-1223	24	37	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	38	desai	desai	PROPN
arjefm-1223	24	39	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	24	40	dharmapala	dharmapala	PROPN
arjefm-1223	24	41	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	42	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-1223	24	43	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	24	44	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	25	1	hence	hence	ADV
arjefm-1223	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	25	3	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	25	5	managing	manage	VERB
arjefm-1223	25	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	7	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	25	8	more	more	ADV
arjefm-1223	25	9	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-1223	25	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	25	11	insulate	insulate	VERB
arjefm-1223	25	12	themselves	themselves	PRON
arjefm-1223	25	13	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	25	14	avoiding	avoid	VERB
arjefm-1223	25	15	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-1223	25	16	taxes	taxis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	25	18	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	25	19	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	20	offers	offer	VERB
arjefm-1223	25	21	them	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	25	22	shield	shield	VERB
arjefm-1223	25	23	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	25	24	shareholder	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	25	scrutiny	scrutiny	NOUN
arjefm-1223	25	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	26	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	26	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	26	3	possible	possible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	26	4	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	26	5	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	26	6	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	7	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	8	techniques	technique	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	9	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	26	10	require	require	VERB
arjefm-1223	26	11	obfuscation	obfuscation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	26	13	transactions	transaction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	26	15	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
arjefm-1223	26	16	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	17	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	18	whilst	whilst	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	26	19	shielding	shield	VERB
arjefm-1223	26	20	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	26	21	actions	action	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	22	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	26	23	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	24	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-1223	26	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	26	26	goncharov	goncharov	PROPN
arjefm-1223	26	27	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	26	28	zimmermann	zimmermann	PROPN
arjefm-1223	26	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	26	30	2016a	2016a	NUM
arjefm-1223	26	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	26	32	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	27	1	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	27	2	mystification	mystification	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	27	4	transactions	transaction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	27	6	its	its	PRON
arjefm-1223	27	7	consequent	consequent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	27	8	shielding	shielding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	9	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	27	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	27	11	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	12	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-1223	27	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	27	15	ability	ability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	27	17	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	18	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	27	19	monitor	monitor	VERB
arjefm-1223	27	20	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	21	’	’	PART
arjefm-1223	27	22	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
arjefm-1223	27	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	28	1	governments	government	NOUN
arjefm-1223	28	2	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
arjefm-1223	28	3	need	need	VERB
arjefm-1223	28	4	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	28	5	revenues	revenue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	28	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	28	7	provide	provide	VERB
arjefm-1223	28	8	socially	socially	ADV
arjefm-1223	28	9	mandated	mandate	VERB
arjefm-1223	28	10	services	service	NOUN
arjefm-1223	28	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	28	12	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
arjefm-1223	28	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	29	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-1223	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	29	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	29	4	drive	drive	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	29	6	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-1223	29	7	government	government	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	8	revenue	revenue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	9	through	through	ADP
arjefm-1223	29	10	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	29	11	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	29	12	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	13	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	14	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	29	15	often	often	ADV
arjefm-1223	29	16	jeopardized	jeopardize	VERB
arjefm-1223	29	17	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	29	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	29	19	competitive	competitive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	29	20	strategy	strategy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	29	22	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	23	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	24	adopted	adopt	VERB
arjefm-1223	29	25	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	29	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	29	27	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	29	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	30	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-1223	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	30	3	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	4	generally	generally	ADV
arjefm-1223	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	30	6	under	under	ADP
arjefm-1223	30	7	competitive	competitive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	30	8	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	9	environment	environment	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	30	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	30	12	more	more	ADV
arjefm-1223	30	13	motivated	motivated	ADJ
arjefm-1223	30	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	30	15	avoid	avoid	VERB
arjefm-1223	30	16	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	17	so	so	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	30	18	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	30	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	30	20	boost	boost	VERB
arjefm-1223	30	21	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	30	22	profit	profit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	23	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	30	25	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	30	26	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-1223	30	27	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	28	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	30	29	compete	compete	VERB
arjefm-1223	30	30	well	well	ADV
arjefm-1223	30	31	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	30	32	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	30	33	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	30	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	31	1	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	31	2	may	may	AUX
arjefm-1223	31	3	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	31	4	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	31	6	charges	charge	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	31	8	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	31	9	services	service	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	10	so	so	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	31	11	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	31	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	31	13	retain	retain	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	14	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	31	15	customers	customer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	31	17	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	31	18	prefer	prefer	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	31	20	engage	engage	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	21	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	31	22	activities	activity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	23	leading	lead	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	24	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	31	25	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	26	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	31	28	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	29	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	31	30	remain	remain	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	31	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	31	32	competition	competition	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	33	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	31	34	declare	declare	VERB
arjefm-1223	31	35	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	31	36	profit	profit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	31	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	32	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	32	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-1223	32	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	32	5	sought	seek	VERB
arjefm-1223	32	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	32	7	assess	assess	VERB
arjefm-1223	32	8	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	32	9	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	10	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	11	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	12	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	32	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	15	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	32	17	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	18	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	19	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	32	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	32	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	32	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	33	1	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	33	2	review	review	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	33	4	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	5	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	6	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	7	has	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	33	8	stimulated	stimulate	VERB
arjefm-1223	33	9	decades	decade	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	33	11	debate	debate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	12	regarding	regard	VERB
arjefm-1223	33	13	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	33	14	valuation	valuation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	33	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	33	17	cost	cost	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	33	19	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-1223	33	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	34	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	34	2	1963	1963	NUM
arjefm-1223	34	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	34	4	modigliani	modigliani	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	34	6	miller	miller	PROPN
arjefm-1223	34	7	~hereafter	~hereafter	X
arjefm-1223	34	8	mm	mm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	34	9	first	first	ADV
arjefm-1223	34	10	hypothesized	hypothesize	VERB
arjefm-1223	34	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	34	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	34	13	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	14	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	34	16	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	17	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	18	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	34	19	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	34	21	decrease	decrease	VERB
arjefm-1223	34	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	34	23	cost	cost	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	34	25	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	34	26	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	27	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-1223	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	35	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	2	1977	1977	NUM
arjefm-1223	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	35	4	miller	miller	PROPN
arjefm-1223	35	5	countered	counter	VERB
arjefm-1223	35	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	35	7	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	8	pass	pass	VERB
arjefm-1223	35	9	out	out	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	35	11	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	12	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	14	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	16	creditors	creditor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	17	through	through	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	18	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-1223	35	19	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	20	rates	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	21	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	35	22	compensate	compensate	VERB
arjefm-1223	35	23	them	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	35	24	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	35	26	personal	personal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	35	27	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	28	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	29	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	35	30	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	35	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	36	1	graham	graham	PROPN
arjefm-1223	36	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	36	3	2000	2000	NUM
arjefm-1223	36	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	36	5	uses	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	36	6	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	7	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	36	8	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	9	financial	financial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	10	statement	statement	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	11	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	36	13	calculate	calculate	VERB
arjefm-1223	36	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	36	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	16	benefit	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	36	18	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	36	20	estimates	estimate	VERB
arjefm-1223	36	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	36	22	mean	mean	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	23	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	24	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	25	benefit	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	36	27	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	28	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	36	29	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	36	30	large	large	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	31	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	36	33	compustat	compustat	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	34	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	35	equals	equal	VERB
arjefm-1223	36	36	approximately	approximately	ADV
arjefm-1223	36	37	10	10	NUM
arjefm-1223	36	38	percent	percent	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	39	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	36	40	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	41	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	36	42	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	36	43	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	37	1	although	although	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	37	2	he	he	PRON
arjefm-1223	37	3	does	do	AUX
arjefm-1223	37	4	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	37	5	provide	provide	VERB
arjefm-1223	37	6	direct	direct	ADJ
arjefm-1223	37	7	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	37	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	37	11	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	12	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	13	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	37	15	graham	graham	PROPN
arjefm-1223	37	16	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
arjefm-1223	37	17	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	37	18	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	19	derive	derive	VERB
arjefm-1223	37	20	substantial	substantial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	37	21	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	22	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	23	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	37	24	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	37	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	38	1	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-1223	38	2	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	3	seek	seek	VERB
arjefm-1223	38	4	direct	direct	ADJ
arjefm-1223	38	5	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	38	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	38	9	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	10	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	11	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	38	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	39	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	4	engel	engel	PROPN
arjefm-1223	39	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	6	erickson	erickson	PROPN
arjefm-1223	39	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	39	9	maydew	maydew	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	11	1999	1999	NUM
arjefm-1223	39	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	13	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	39	14	out	out	ADP
arjefm-1223	39	15	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	39	16	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	17	derive	derive	VERB
arjefm-1223	39	18	substantial	substantial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	19	net	net	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	20	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	22	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	39	23	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	39	24	swap	swap	VERB
arjefm-1223	39	25	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	26	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	39	27	deductible	deductible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	28	trust	trust	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	29	preferred	prefer	VERB
arjefm-1223	39	30	stock	stock	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	31	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	39	32	nondeductible	nondeductible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	33	regular	regular	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	34	preferred	preferred	ADJ
arjefm-1223	39	35	stock	stock	NOUN
arjefm-1223	39	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	40	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	40	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	40	3	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-1223	40	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	40	6	fama	fama	PROPN
arjefm-1223	40	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	40	8	french	french	ADJ
arjefm-1223	40	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	40	10	1998	1998	NUM
arjefm-1223	40	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	40	12	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	40	13	cross	cross	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	14	sections	section	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	40	16	regress	regress	ADJ
arjefm-1223	40	17	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	40	18	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	19	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	40	20	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	21	expense	expense	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	40	23	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	40	24	proxied	proxie	VERB
arjefm-1223	40	25	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	40	26	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	40	28	various	various	ADJ
arjefm-1223	40	29	controls	control	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	30	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	40	31	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	40	32	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	41	1	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	41	2	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	41	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	41	4	strong	strong	ADJ
arjefm-1223	41	5	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-1223	41	6	relation	relation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	7	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	8	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	41	10	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	41	11	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	41	13	concluding	conclude	VERB
arjefm-1223	41	14	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	41	15	“	"	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	41	16	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
arjefm-1223	41	17	controls	control	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	19	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	20	probably	probably	ADV
arjefm-1223	41	21	drive	drive	VERB
arjefm-1223	41	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	41	23	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-1223	41	24	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	25	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	26	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	41	28	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	41	30	prevent	prevent	VERB
arjefm-1223	41	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	41	32	regressions	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	33	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	34	saying	say	VERB
arjefm-1223	41	35	anything	anything	PRON
arjefm-1223	41	36	about	about	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	37	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	41	38	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	39	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	40	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	41	41	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	41	42	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	42	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	42	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	43	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	43	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	11	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	13	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	15	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	17	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	18	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	19	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	43	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	27	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	43	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	32	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	34	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	35	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	43	36	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	43	38	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	39	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	40	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	41	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	42	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	43	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	43	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	43	45	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	47	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	48	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	43	49	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	50	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	43	52	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	43	53	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	44	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	44	2	15	15	NUM
arjefm-1223	45	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	45	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	45	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	45	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	6	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	7	shields	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	8	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-1223	45	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	45	10	murray	murray	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	45	12	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	45	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	45	14	involved	involve	VERB
arjefm-1223	45	15	investments	investment	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	45	17	purchases	purchase	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	18	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	45	19	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	45	20	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	45	21	deductible	deductible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	46	1	some	some	DET
arjefm-1223	46	2	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-1223	46	3	examples	example	NOUN
arjefm-1223	46	4	include	include	VERB
arjefm-1223	46	5	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	46	6	deductions	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	46	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	46	8	individuals	individual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	46	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	46	10	businesses	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	46	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	47	1	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	47	2	giving	giving	NOUN
arjefm-1223	47	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	47	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	47	5	deductible	deductible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	47	6	expense	expense	NOUN
arjefm-1223	47	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	47	8	both	both	DET
arjefm-1223	47	9	individuals	individual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	47	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	47	11	businesses	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	47	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	48	1	for	for	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	48	2	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	48	3	individual	individual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	48	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	48	5	take	take	VERB
arjefm-1223	48	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	48	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	48	8	deduction	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	48	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	48	10	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	48	11	giving	giving	NOUN
arjefm-1223	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	48	13	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	48	14	must	must	AUX
arjefm-1223	48	15	itemize	itemize	VERB
arjefm-1223	48	16	deduction	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	48	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	49	1	corporations	corporation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	49	2	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	49	3	include	include	VERB
arjefm-1223	49	4	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	49	5	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	49	6	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	49	7	some	some	DET
arjefm-1223	49	8	limits	limit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	49	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	49	10	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	49	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	50	1	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	50	2	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	3	similar	similar	ADJ
arjefm-1223	50	4	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	50	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	50	6	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	7	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	8	offered	offer	VERB
arjefm-1223	50	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	50	10	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	11	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	50	12	medical	medical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	50	13	expenses	expense	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	50	15	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	50	16	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	17	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	50	18	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	50	19	lower	lower	VERB
arjefm-1223	50	20	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	50	21	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	22	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	50	23	obligations	obligation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	50	24	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	50	25	drummond	drummond	PROPN
arjefm-1223	50	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	50	27	2000	2000	NUM
arjefm-1223	50	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	50	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	51	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	51	2	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	3	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	51	4	qualify	qualify	VERB
arjefm-1223	51	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	51	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	51	7	deductible	deductible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	51	8	amount	amount	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	9	may	may	AUX
arjefm-1223	51	10	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	51	11	as	as	ADV
arjefm-1223	51	12	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-1223	51	13	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	51	14	60	60	NUM
arjefm-1223	51	15	percent	percent	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	51	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	51	18	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	19	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	51	20	adjusted	adjust	VERB
arjefm-1223	51	21	gross	gross	ADJ
arjefm-1223	51	22	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	51	24	depending	depend	VERB
arjefm-1223	51	25	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	51	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	51	27	specific	specific	ADJ
arjefm-1223	51	28	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	51	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	52	1	for	for	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	52	2	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	52	3	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	52	4	qualify	qualify	VERB
arjefm-1223	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	52	6	they	they	PRON
arjefm-1223	52	7	must	must	AUX
arjefm-1223	52	8	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	52	9	given	give	VERB
arjefm-1223	52	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	52	11	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	52	12	approved	approve	VERB
arjefm-1223	52	13	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	52	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	52	15	purnama	purnama	PROPN
arjefm-1223	52	16	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	52	17	nurdiniah	nurdiniah	PROPN
arjefm-1223	52	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	52	19	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	52	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	52	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	53	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	53	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	53	3	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	53	4	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	53	5	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	53	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	53	7	there	there	PRON
arjefm-1223	53	8	's	be	VERB
arjefm-1223	53	9	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	53	10	twist	twist	NOUN
arjefm-1223	53	11	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	53	12	you	you	PRON
arjefm-1223	53	13	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	53	14	deduct	deduct	VERB
arjefm-1223	53	15	up	up	ADP
arjefm-1223	53	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	53	17	₦	₦	SYM
arjefm-1223	53	18	300	300	NUM
arjefm-1223	53	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	53	20	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	53	21	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	53	22	without	without	ADP
arjefm-1223	53	23	having	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	53	24	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	53	25	itemize	itemize	VERB
arjefm-1223	53	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	54	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	54	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	54	3	called	call	VERB
arjefm-1223	54	4	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	54	5	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	54	6	above	above	ADP
arjefm-1223	54	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	54	8	line	line	NOUN
arjefm-1223	54	9	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	54	10	deduction	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	54	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	55	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	2	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	55	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	55	5	deduction	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	6	rises	rise	VERB
arjefm-1223	55	7	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	8	₦	₦	SYM
arjefm-1223	55	9	300	300	NUM
arjefm-1223	55	10	per	per	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	11	person	person	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	12	rather	rather	ADV
arjefm-1223	55	13	than	than	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	14	per	per	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	16	return	return	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	55	18	meaning	mean	VERB
arjefm-1223	55	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	55	20	married	married	ADJ
arjefm-1223	55	21	couple	couple	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	22	filing	filing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	23	jointly	jointly	ADV
arjefm-1223	55	24	could	could	AUX
arjefm-1223	55	25	deduct	deduct	VERB
arjefm-1223	55	26	up	up	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	27	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	28	₦	₦	SYM
arjefm-1223	55	29	600	600	NUM
arjefm-1223	55	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	31	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	55	32	without	without	ADP
arjefm-1223	55	33	having	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	55	34	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	55	35	itemize	itemize	VERB
arjefm-1223	55	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	56	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	56	4	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-1223	56	5	step	step	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	56	7	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-1223	56	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	56	9	proxy	proxy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	10	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	56	11	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	12	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	56	13	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	56	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	15	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	16	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	56	17	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	56	18	calculate	calculate	VERB
arjefm-1223	56	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	56	20	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	56	21	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	56	23	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	56	24	firm	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	56	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	57	1	these	these	DET
arjefm-1223	57	2	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	57	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	57	4	assumed	assume	VERB
arjefm-1223	57	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	57	6	include	include	VERB
arjefm-1223	57	7	both	both	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	57	8	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	57	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	57	10	nondiscretionary	nondiscretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	57	11	components	component	NOUN
arjefm-1223	57	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	58	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	58	2	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	3	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	4	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	58	5	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	58	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	58	8	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	9	has	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	58	10	control	control	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	11	over	over	ADP
arjefm-1223	58	12	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	58	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	58	14	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	15	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	16	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	17	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	18	constitute	constitute	VERB
arjefm-1223	58	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	58	20	expected	expect	VERB
arjefm-1223	58	21	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	58	23	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	24	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	58	25	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	26	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	58	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	58	28	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	29	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	58	30	no	no	DET
arjefm-1223	58	31	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	58	32	little	little	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	33	control	control	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	34	over	over	ADP
arjefm-1223	58	35	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	58	36	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	37	mandated	mandate	VERB
arjefm-1223	58	38	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	58	39	different	different	ADJ
arjefm-1223	58	40	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	41	rules	rule	NOUN
arjefm-1223	58	42	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	58	43	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	59	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	59	2	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	3	step	step	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	59	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	59	6	apply	apply	VERB
arjefm-1223	59	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	59	8	linear	linear	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	9	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	10	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	11	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	59	12	separate	separate	VERB
arjefm-1223	59	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	59	14	two	two	NUM
arjefm-1223	59	15	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	16	forms	form	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	18	each	each	DET
arjefm-1223	59	19	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	20	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	21	modelling	model	VERB
arjefm-1223	59	22	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	23	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	24	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	25	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	26	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	27	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	59	28	function	function	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	29	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	30	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	31	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	32	sales	sale	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	59	34	tangible	tangible	ADJ
arjefm-1223	59	35	assets	asset	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	36	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	59	37	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	38	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	59	39	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-1223	59	40	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	60	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	60	2	residuals	residual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	60	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	60	5	regressions	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	6	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	60	7	then	then	ADV
arjefm-1223	60	8	considered	consider	VERB
arjefm-1223	60	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	60	10	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	60	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	60	12	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	60	13	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	60	15	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	60	16	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	60	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	60	18	proxy	proxy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	19	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	60	20	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	60	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	61	1	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-1223	61	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	61	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	61	5	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	6	incorporate	incorporate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	7	studying	study	VERB
arjefm-1223	61	8	specific	specific	ADJ
arjefm-1223	61	9	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	10	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	61	11	distributions	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	61	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	61	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	62	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	62	2	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	62	3	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	62	4	calculation	calculation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	62	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	62	6	done	do	VERB
arjefm-1223	62	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	62	8	applying	apply	VERB
arjefm-1223	62	9	jones	jones	PROPN
arjefm-1223	62	10	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	62	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	62	12	1991	1991	NUM
arjefm-1223	62	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	62	14	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	62	15	has	have	AUX
arjefm-1223	62	16	been	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	62	17	modified	modify	VERB
arjefm-1223	62	18	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	62	19	guenther	guenther	PROPN
arjefm-1223	62	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	62	21	1994	1994	NUM
arjefm-1223	62	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	62	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	63	1	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	2	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	63	3	uses	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	63	4	current	current	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	5	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	6	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	63	7	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	8	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	63	10	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-1223	63	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	63	12	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	63	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	63	14	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	15	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	63	17	nondiscretionary	nondiscretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	18	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	19	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	63	20	current	current	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	21	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	22	influences	influence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	63	23	taxable	taxable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	63	24	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-1223	63	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	63	26	wijaya	wijaya	PROPN
arjefm-1223	63	27	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	63	28	martani	martani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	63	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	63	30	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	63	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	63	32	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	64	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	64	2	reviews	review	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	3	oranefo	oranefo	X
arjefm-1223	64	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	64	5	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-1223	64	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	64	7	examined	examine	VERB
arjefm-1223	64	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	64	9	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	11	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	64	12	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	13	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	15	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	16	flow	flow	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	18	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	19	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	64	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	64	23	ghana	ghana	PROPN
arjefm-1223	64	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	64	25	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	64	26	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	64	27	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	29	consumer	consumer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	30	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	31	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	64	33	both	both	DET
arjefm-1223	64	34	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	35	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	64	36	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	64	37	least	least	ADJ
arjefm-1223	64	38	square	square	ADJ
arjefm-1223	64	39	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	64	40	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	65	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	65	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	3	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-1223	65	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	65	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	65	6	sampled	sample	VERB
arjefm-1223	65	7	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	65	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	65	10	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	65	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	65	12	favourable	favourable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	65	13	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	65	15	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	16	flow	flow	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	17	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	65	18	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	65	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	65	20	ghanaian	ghanaian	PROPN
arjefm-1223	65	21	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	65	22	no	no	DET
arjefm-1223	65	23	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	65	24	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	65	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	66	1	ndum	ndum	PROPN
arjefm-1223	66	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	66	3	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-1223	66	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	66	5	ascertained	ascertain	VERB
arjefm-1223	66	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	66	7	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	9	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	10	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	11	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	13	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	15	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	66	16	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	17	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	18	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	19	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	20	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-1223	66	21	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	22	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	66	23	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	66	24	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	66	25	nine	nine	NUM
arjefm-1223	66	26	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	27	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	28	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	29	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	30	international	international	ADJ
arjefm-1223	66	31	authorization	authorization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	32	constitute	constitute	VERB
arjefm-1223	66	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	66	34	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	35	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	36	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	66	37	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	66	38	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	66	39	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	67	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	68	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	1	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tax-deductions-for-charitable-donations-2501942	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tax-deductions-for-charitable-donations-2501942	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	2	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tax-deductions-for-charitable-donations-2501942	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tax-deductions-for-charitable-donations-2501942	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	3	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/can-my-business-deduct-charitable-contributions-397602	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/can-my-business-deduct-charitable-contributions-397602	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	4	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/can-my-business-deduct-charitable-contributions-397602	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/can-my-business-deduct-charitable-contributions-397602	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	5	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	6	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	7	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	8	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	69	10	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	12	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	69	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	15	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	16	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	17	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	18	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	20	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	21	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	22	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	23	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	24	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	25	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	26	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	27	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	69	28	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	29	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	30	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	32	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	69	33	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	34	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	35	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	36	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	37	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	38	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	39	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	40	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	69	41	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	42	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	69	43	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	44	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	45	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	46	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	47	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	48	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	69	49	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	69	50	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	52	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	53	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	69	54	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	55	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	56	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	57	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	69	58	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	69	59	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	70	1	16	16	NUM
arjefm-1223	71	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	71	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	71	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	71	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	6	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	71	7	least	least	ADV
arjefm-1223	71	8	square	square	ADJ
arjefm-1223	71	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	71	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	71	11	aid	aid	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	71	13	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	14	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	15	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	16	9.0	9.0	NUM
arjefm-1223	71	17	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	71	18	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	71	19	arrive	arrive	VERB
arjefm-1223	71	20	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	71	21	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	71	22	logical	logical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	71	23	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
arjefm-1223	71	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	72	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	72	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	3	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-1223	72	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	72	5	amortization	amortization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	6	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	72	7	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	72	8	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	72	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	11	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	72	13	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	14	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	15	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	72	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	72	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	72	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	1	ofurum	ofurum	PROPN
arjefm-1223	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	3	okoye	okoye	PROPN
arjefm-1223	73	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	73	6	ezejiofor	ezejiofor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	8	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	73	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	10	determined	determine	VERB
arjefm-1223	73	11	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	73	12	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	13	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	73	15	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	73	18	commercial	commercial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	73	19	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	73	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	73	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	73	23	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	73	24	thirteen	thirteen	NUM
arjefm-1223	73	25	commercial	commercial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	73	26	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	27	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	73	28	international	international	ADJ
arjefm-1223	73	29	authorization	authorization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	30	constituted	constitute	VERB
arjefm-1223	73	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	73	32	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	33	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	34	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	73	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	73	36	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	73	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	74	1	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	74	2	least	least	ADJ
arjefm-1223	74	3	square	square	NOUN
arjefm-1223	74	4	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	74	5	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	74	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	74	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	74	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	74	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	75	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	75	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	3	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	75	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	75	5	medical	medical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	75	6	expenses	expense	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	75	8	amortization	amortization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	9	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	75	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	75	11	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	75	12	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	75	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	75	15	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	75	16	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	17	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	75	18	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	19	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	75	21	commercial	commercial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	75	22	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	75	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	75	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	75	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	1	elena	elena	PROPN
arjefm-1223	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	3	lubos	lubos	PROPN
arjefm-1223	76	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	5	lucia	lucia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	76	8	lucia	lucia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	76	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	10	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	76	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	12	assessed	assess	VERB
arjefm-1223	76	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	76	14	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	76	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	76	17	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	18	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	76	20	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	22	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	76	23	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	76	24	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	76	25	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	26	structure	structure	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	76	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	76	29	14	14	NUM
arjefm-1223	76	30	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-1223	76	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	77	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	77	2	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	3	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	4	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	5	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	77	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	77	7	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	77	8	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	77	9	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	77	10	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	77	11	deciding	decide	VERB
arjefm-1223	77	12	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	77	13	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	77	15	equity	equity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	77	17	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	77	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	77	19	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-1223	77	20	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	77	21	debt	debt	ADJ
arjefm-1223	77	22	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	23	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	24	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	77	25	negatively	negatively	ADV
arjefm-1223	77	26	correlated	correlate	VERB
arjefm-1223	77	27	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	77	28	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	77	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	78	1	prabowo	prabowo	PROPN
arjefm-1223	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	78	3	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-1223	78	4	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-1223	78	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	78	6	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	78	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	78	8	assessed	assess	VERB
arjefm-1223	78	9	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	78	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	78	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	78	12	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	78	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	78	14	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	78	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	79	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	2	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	79	3	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	79	4	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	79	6	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	7	set	set	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	8	consisting	consist	VERB
arjefm-1223	79	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	10	497	497	NUM
arjefm-1223	79	11	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	12	engaging	engage	VERB
arjefm-1223	79	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	15	operations	operation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	16	listed	list	VERB
arjefm-1223	79	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	18	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	79	19	stock	stock	PROPN
arjefm-1223	79	20	exchange	exchange	PROPN
arjefm-1223	79	21	during	during	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	79	23	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	79	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	25	2009	2009	NUM
arjefm-1223	79	26	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	79	27	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	79	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	80	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	80	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	80	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	80	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	80	5	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	80	6	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	80	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	80	8	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	80	9	important	important	ADJ
arjefm-1223	80	10	determinant	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-1223	80	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	80	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	80	13	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	80	14	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	80	15	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	80	16	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	80	17	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	80	18	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	80	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	1	purnama	purnama	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	81	3	nurdiniah	nurdiniah	PROPN
arjefm-1223	81	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	5	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	81	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	7	examined	examine	VERB
arjefm-1223	81	8	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	10	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	81	11	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	81	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	15	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	16	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	81	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	81	18	moderating	moderate	VERB
arjefm-1223	81	19	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	81	21	managerial	managerial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	81	22	ownership	ownership	NOUN
arjefm-1223	81	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	82	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	82	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	3	sought	seek	VERB
arjefm-1223	82	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	82	5	know	know	VERB
arjefm-1223	82	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	82	7	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	82	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	82	9	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	10	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	11	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	12	profit	profit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	13	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	82	14	whether	whether	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	82	15	managerial	managerial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	82	16	ownership	ownership	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	17	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	82	18	afford	afford	VERB
arjefm-1223	82	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	82	20	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
arjefm-1223	82	21	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	82	22	weaken	weaken	VERB
arjefm-1223	82	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	82	24	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	82	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	82	27	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	82	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	82	30	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	31	towards	towards	ADP
arjefm-1223	82	32	profit	profit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	82	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	83	1	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	2	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	83	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	83	4	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	5	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	83	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	83	7	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	83	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	83	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	83	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	12	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	13	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	83	14	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	83	15	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	16	negatively	negatively	ADV
arjefm-1223	83	17	affected	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	83	18	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	19	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	83	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	84	1	managerial	managerial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	84	2	ownership	ownership	NOUN
arjefm-1223	84	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	84	4	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	84	5	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	84	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	84	7	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	84	8	moderating	moderate	VERB
arjefm-1223	84	9	variable	variable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	84	10	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	84	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	84	12	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	84	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	84	14	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	84	15	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	84	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	84	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	84	18	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	84	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	85	1	inua	inua	PROPN
arjefm-1223	85	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	85	3	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-1223	85	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	85	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	85	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	85	7	similar	similar	ADJ
arjefm-1223	85	8	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	9	undertook	undertake	VERB
arjefm-1223	85	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	85	11	examine	examine	VERB
arjefm-1223	85	12	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	85	14	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	85	15	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	85	16	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	17	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	18	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	85	19	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	85	20	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	21	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	85	22	listed	list	VERB
arjefm-1223	85	23	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	24	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-1223	85	25	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	85	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	85	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	86	2	objective	objective	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	86	5	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	6	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	86	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	86	8	identify	identify	VERB
arjefm-1223	86	9	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	86	10	some	some	DET
arjefm-1223	86	11	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	12	governance	governance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	13	attributes	attribute	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	14	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	15	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	17	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	18	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	86	20	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	21	independence	independence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	23	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	24	as	as	ADV
arjefm-1223	86	25	well	well	ADV
arjefm-1223	86	26	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	27	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	28	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	29	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	30	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	31	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	32	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	33	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	86	34	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	35	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	36	determine	determine	VERB
arjefm-1223	86	37	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	86	38	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	86	39	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	40	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	41	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	42	etr	etr	PROPN
arjefm-1223	86	43	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	86	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	45	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	46	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	86	47	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	86	48	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	86	49	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	87	1	out	out	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	87	4	170	170	NUM
arjefm-1223	87	5	listed	list	VERB
arjefm-1223	87	6	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	87	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	87	10	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	87	11	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	12	31st	31st	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	13	dec	dec	PROPN
arjefm-1223	87	14	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	87	15	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-1223	87	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	87	17	30	30	NUM
arjefm-1223	87	18	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	19	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	20	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	21	complete	complete	ADJ
arjefm-1223	87	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	87	23	consistent	consistent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	87	24	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	25	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	87	26	selected	select	VERB
arjefm-1223	87	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	87	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	87	29	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	30	under	under	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	31	consideration	consideration	NOUN
arjefm-1223	87	32	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	87	33	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	87	34	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	87	35	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	87	36	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-1223	87	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	88	1	linear	linear	ADJ
arjefm-1223	88	2	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	88	3	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	88	4	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	88	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	88	6	analyze	analyze	VERB
arjefm-1223	88	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	88	8	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	88	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	89	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	89	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	89	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	89	5	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	89	6	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	89	8	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	9	independence	independence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	89	11	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	12	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	13	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	89	14	negatively	negatively	ADV
arjefm-1223	89	15	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-1223	89	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	89	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	89	18	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-1223	89	19	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	89	20	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	89	21	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	22	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	23	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	89	24	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	89	25	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	89	26	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	89	27	negatively	negatively	ADV
arjefm-1223	89	28	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-1223	89	29	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	89	30	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	89	31	insignificantly	insignificantly	ADV
arjefm-1223	89	32	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	89	33	etr	etr	PROPN
arjefm-1223	89	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	90	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	90	2	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	90	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	90	4	the	the	PRON
arjefm-1223	90	5	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-1223	90	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	90	7	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	90	8	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	90	10	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	11	independence	independence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	90	13	board	board	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	14	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	90	16	the	the	PRON
arjefm-1223	90	17	lower	low	ADJ
arjefm-1223	90	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	90	19	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	90	20	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	21	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	22	paid	pay	VERB
arjefm-1223	90	23	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	90	24	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
arjefm-1223	90	25	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	90	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	90	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	90	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	1	zhu	zhu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	3	lu	lu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	5	shan	shan	ADJ
arjefm-1223	91	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	91	8	zhang	zhang	PROPN
arjefm-1223	91	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	10	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-1223	91	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	91	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
arjefm-1223	91	13	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	91	14	chinese	chinese	ADJ
arjefm-1223	91	15	reverse	reverse	ADJ
arjefm-1223	91	16	merger	merger	NOUN
arjefm-1223	91	17	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	91	18	trade	trade	VERB
arjefm-1223	91	19	off	off	ADP
arjefm-1223	91	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	91	21	conduct	conduct	VERB
arjefm-1223	91	22	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-1223	91	23	increasing	increase	VERB
arjefm-1223	91	24	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	91	25	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	91	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	92	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	92	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	92	4	both	both	DET
arjefm-1223	92	5	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	6	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	92	7	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	92	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	92	9	real	real	ADJ
arjefm-1223	92	10	activities	activity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	11	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	92	12	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	92	13	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	14	over	over	ADP
arjefm-1223	92	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	92	16	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	17	1990	1990	NUM
arjefm-1223	92	18	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	92	19	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	92	20	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	92	21	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	92	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	92	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	93	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	93	2	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	93	3	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	93	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	93	5	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	93	6	substitute	substitute	VERB
arjefm-1223	93	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	93	8	two	two	NUM
arjefm-1223	93	9	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-1223	93	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	1	norhayat	norhayat	PROPN
arjefm-1223	94	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	3	rahayu	rahayu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	94	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	94	6	noor	noor	PROPN
arjefm-1223	94	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	8	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	94	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	10	examined	examine	VERB
arjefm-1223	94	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	94	12	association	association	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	13	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	94	14	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	94	16	real	real	ADJ
arjefm-1223	94	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	18	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	19	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	20	rem	rem	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	94	22	activities	activity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	94	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	95	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	95	4	abnormal	abnormal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	95	5	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	6	flow	flow	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	7	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	95	8	operation	operation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	10	abnormal	abnormal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	95	11	production	production	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	12	cost	cost	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	95	14	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	15	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	16	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	17	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	18	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	95	20	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	22	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	95	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	25	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	26	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	27	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	28	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	30	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	31	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	32	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	33	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	34	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	35	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	36	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	37	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	95	38	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	39	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	40	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	41	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	42	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	95	43	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	44	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	45	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	46	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	47	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	48	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	49	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	50	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	95	51	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	52	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	95	53	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	54	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	55	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	56	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	57	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	58	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	95	59	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	95	60	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	61	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	62	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	63	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	95	64	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	65	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	66	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	67	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	95	68	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	95	69	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	96	1	17	17	NUM
arjefm-1223	97	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	97	2	p	p	AUX
arjefm-1223	97	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	97	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	6	abnormal	abnormal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	97	7	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	97	8	expenses	expense	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	9	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	10	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	11	roychowdhury	roychowdhury	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	97	13	2006	2006	NUM
arjefm-1223	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	97	15	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	97	17	proxy	proxy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	19	rem	rem	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	97	21	using	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	97	22	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	97	23	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	25	3,745	3,745	NUM
arjefm-1223	97	26	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	97	27	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	97	28	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	29	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	30	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	97	32	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	34	2006	2006	NUM
arjefm-1223	97	35	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	97	36	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	97	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	97	38	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	97	39	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	40	found	find	VERB
arjefm-1223	97	41	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	97	42	there	there	PRON
arjefm-1223	97	43	is	be	VERB
arjefm-1223	97	44	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	97	45	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	97	46	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-1223	97	47	association	association	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	48	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	97	49	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	50	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	97	51	rem	rem	NOUN
arjefm-1223	97	52	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	98	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	98	2	finding	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	98	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	98	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	98	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	98	6	leveraged	leveraged	ADJ
arjefm-1223	98	7	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	98	8	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	98	9	lower	low	ADJ
arjefm-1223	98	10	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	98	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	98	12	rem	rem	PROPN
arjefm-1223	98	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	99	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	99	2	supports	support	VERB
arjefm-1223	99	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	99	4	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	99	6	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	7	limits	limit	VERB
arjefm-1223	99	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	99	9	rem	rem	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	10	activities	activity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	99	12	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	99	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	99	14	turn	turn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	99	16	could	could	AUX
arjefm-1223	99	17	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	99	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	99	19	quality	quality	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	99	21	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	99	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	100	1	llukani	llukani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	100	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	100	3	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	100	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	100	5	carried	carry	VERB
arjefm-1223	100	6	out	out	ADP
arjefm-1223	100	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	100	8	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	100	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	11	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	100	13	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	100	14	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	15	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	100	16	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	100	17	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	100	18	analyze	analyze	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	100	20	albanian	albanian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	100	21	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	100	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	101	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	101	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	3	aimed	aim	VERB
arjefm-1223	101	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	101	5	bring	bring	VERB
arjefm-1223	101	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	101	8	analyze	analyze	VERB
arjefm-1223	101	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	11	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	101	13	albanian	albanian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	101	14	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	101	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	101	17	identify	identify	VERB
arjefm-1223	101	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	101	19	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	20	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	101	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	22	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	101	24	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	101	25	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	101	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	102	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	102	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	102	3	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	102	4	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	102	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	102	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	102	7	valid	valid	ADJ
arjefm-1223	102	8	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	102	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	102	10	75	75	NUM
arjefm-1223	102	11	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	102	12	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	102	13	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	102	14	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	102	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	103	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	103	2	considers	consider	VERB
arjefm-1223	103	3	historical	historical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	103	4	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	103	5	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	103	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	103	7	three	three	NUM
arjefm-1223	103	8	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	103	9	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	103	10	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	103	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	103	12	2009	2009	NUM
arjefm-1223	103	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	103	14	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	103	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	103	16	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	103	17	entities	entity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	103	18	selected	select	VERB
arjefm-1223	103	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	103	20	mainly	mainly	ADV
arjefm-1223	103	21	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	103	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	103	23	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-1223	103	24	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-1223	103	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	104	1	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	104	3	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	104	4	assets	asset	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	104	6	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	104	7	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	104	8	proxy	proxy	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	9	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	104	10	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	104	11	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	104	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	104	14	absolute	absolute	ADJ
arjefm-1223	104	15	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	104	17	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	104	18	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	19	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	104	20	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	104	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	105	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	105	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	3	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-1223	105	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	105	5	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	105	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	105	8	albanian	albanian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	105	9	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	10	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	105	11	engaged	engage	VERB
arjefm-1223	105	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	105	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	15	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	105	17	there	there	PRON
arjefm-1223	105	18	are	be	VERB
arjefm-1223	105	19	no	no	DET
arjefm-1223	105	20	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	105	21	differences	difference	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	22	concerning	concern	VERB
arjefm-1223	105	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	25	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	26	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	105	27	practices	practice	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	105	29	comparing	compare	VERB
arjefm-1223	105	30	large	large	ADJ
arjefm-1223	105	31	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	105	32	small	small	ADJ
arjefm-1223	105	33	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	34	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-1223	105	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	106	1	methodology	methodology	X
arjefm-1223	106	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	106	3	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	106	4	adopted	adopt	VERB
arjefm-1223	106	5	ex	ex	ADJ
arjefm-1223	106	6	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	106	7	post	post	ADJ
arjefm-1223	106	8	facto	facto	X
arjefm-1223	106	9	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	106	10	design	design	NOUN
arjefm-1223	106	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	107	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	107	2	design	design	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	107	4	considered	consider	VERB
arjefm-1223	107	5	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	107	6	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	107	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	107	8	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	9	aims	aim	VERB
arjefm-1223	107	10	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	107	11	measuring	measure	VERB
arjefm-1223	107	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	107	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	14	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	107	15	one	one	NUM
arjefm-1223	107	16	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	107	18	another	another	PRON
arjefm-1223	107	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	107	20	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	107	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	107	22	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	23	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	107	24	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	107	25	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	107	26	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
arjefm-1223	107	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	107	28	hence	hence	ADV
arjefm-1223	107	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	107	30	adoption	adoption	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	31	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	107	32	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	107	33	design	design	NOUN
arjefm-1223	107	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	108	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	108	2	researchers	researcher	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	108	4	purposive	purposive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	108	5	sampling	sampling	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	6	technique	technique	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	108	8	select	select	VERB
arjefm-1223	108	9	thirteen	thirteen	NUM
arjefm-1223	108	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	108	11	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	108	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	108	13	quoted	quote	VERB
arjefm-1223	108	14	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	15	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	16	bank	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	17	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	108	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	108	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	108	20	exchange	exchange	PROPN
arjefm-1223	108	21	group	group	PROPN
arjefm-1223	108	22	out	out	ADP
arjefm-1223	108	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	108	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	108	25	twenty	twenty	NUM
arjefm-1223	108	26	one	one	NUM
arjefm-1223	108	27	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	28	stated	state	VERB
arjefm-1223	108	29	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	108	30	population	population	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	31	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	108	32	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	108	33	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	108	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	109	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	109	2	choice	choice	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	109	4	these	these	DET
arjefm-1223	109	5	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	6	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	109	7	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	109	8	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	109	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	109	10	availability	availability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	109	12	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	13	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	109	14	covered	cover	VERB
arjefm-1223	109	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	109	16	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	17	under	under	ADP
arjefm-1223	109	18	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	109	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	110	1	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	110	2	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	110	3	collected	collect	VERB
arjefm-1223	110	4	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	110	5	only	only	ADJ
arjefm-1223	110	6	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	110	7	sources	source	NOUN
arjefm-1223	110	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	111	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	111	2	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	111	3	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	111	4	extracted	extract	VERB
arjefm-1223	111	5	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	111	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	111	7	annual	annual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	111	8	reports	report	NOUN
arjefm-1223	111	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	111	10	audited	audit	VERB
arjefm-1223	111	11	accounts	account	NOUN
arjefm-1223	111	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	111	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	111	14	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	111	15	under	under	ADP
arjefm-1223	111	16	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	111	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	111	18	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	111	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	111	20	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	111	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	112	1	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	2	specification	specification	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	112	4	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	5	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	112	6	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	112	7	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	8	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	112	9	adapted	adapt	VERB
arjefm-1223	112	10	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	112	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	112	12	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	112	14	ofurum	ofurum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	112	16	okoye	okoye	PROPN
arjefm-1223	112	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	112	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	112	19	ezejiofor	ezejiofor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	112	21	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	112	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	112	23	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	112	24	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	112	25	modified	modify	VERB
arjefm-1223	112	26	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	112	27	suit	suit	VERB
arjefm-1223	112	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	112	29	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	30	under	under	ADP
arjefm-1223	112	31	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	112	32	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	113	2	adapted	adapted	ADJ
arjefm-1223	113	3	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	113	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	113	5	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-1223	113	6	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	113	7	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-1223	113	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	9	eamgt	eamgt	PROPN
arjefm-1223	113	10	=	=	SYM
arjefm-1223	113	11	f(mde	f(mde	PROPN
arjefm-1223	113	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	13	chd	chd	PROPN
arjefm-1223	113	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	15	amt	amt	PROPN
arjefm-1223	113	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	17	dep	dep	NOUN
arjefm-1223	113	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	113	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	114	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	114	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	114	3	course	course	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	114	5	modifying	modify	VERB
arjefm-1223	114	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	114	7	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	114	9	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	10	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-1223	114	11	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	114	12	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	114	13	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	14	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	114	16	etr	etr	PROPN
arjefm-1223	114	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	114	18	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	114	19	added	add	VERB
arjefm-1223	114	20	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	114	21	make	make	VERB
arjefm-1223	114	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	114	23	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	24	conformed	conform	VERB
arjefm-1223	114	25	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	114	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	114	27	earlier	early	ADV
arjefm-1223	114	28	stated	state	VERB
arjefm-1223	114	29	specific	specific	ADJ
arjefm-1223	114	30	objectives	objective	NOUN
arjefm-1223	114	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	115	1	thereafter	thereafter	ADV
arjefm-1223	115	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	115	3	newly	newly	ADV
arjefm-1223	115	4	modified	modify	VERB
arjefm-1223	115	5	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	115	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	115	7	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	115	8	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	115	9	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	115	10	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-1223	115	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	115	12	functional	functional	ADJ
arjefm-1223	115	13	form	form	NOUN
arjefm-1223	115	14	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	115	15	stated	state	VERB
arjefm-1223	115	16	below	below	ADV
arjefm-1223	115	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	1	eamgt	eamgt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	116	2	=	=	SYM
arjefm-1223	116	3	f(etr	f(etr	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	5	mde	mde	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	7	chd	chd	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	9	amt	amt	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	11	dep)	dep)	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	12	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	13	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	14	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	15	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	16	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	17	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	18	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	19	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	20	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	21	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	22	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	23	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	24	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	25	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	116	26	.model1	.model1	PROPN
arjefm-1223	116	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	116	28	econometric	econometric	ADJ
arjefm-1223	116	29	form	form	NOUN
arjefm-1223	116	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	116	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	116	32	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	116	33	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	116	34	stated	state	VERB
arjefm-1223	116	35	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	116	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	116	37	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	116	38	below	below	ADV
arjefm-1223	116	39	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	117	1	eamgtit	eamgtit	X
arjefm-1223	118	1	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	118	2	β1etrit	β1etrit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	119	1	+	+	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	119	2	β2mdeit	β2mdeit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	119	3	+	+	ADJ
arjefm-1223	119	4	β3chdit	β3chdit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	120	1	+	+	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	120	2	β4amtit	β4amtit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	120	3	+	+	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	120	4	β5depit	β5depit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	120	5	+	+	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	120	6	∑it	∑it	X
arjefm-1223	120	7	…	…	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	120	8	…	…	SYM
arjefm-1223	120	9	……	……	NOUN
arjefm-1223	120	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	1	eqn	eqn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	2	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	3	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	121	4	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	5	emt	emt	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	6	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	8	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	9	chd	chd	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	10	=	=	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	11	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	12	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	13	β1	β1	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	14	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	15	constant	constant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	121	16	/	/	SYM
arjefm-1223	121	17	intercepts	intercept	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	18	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	19	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	20	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	21	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	22	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	121	24	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	26	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	121	28	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	29	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	30	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	31	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	32	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	34	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	35	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	36	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	37	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	38	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	39	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	40	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	41	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	121	42	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	43	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	44	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	45	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	46	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	121	47	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	48	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	49	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	50	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	51	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	52	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	53	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	54	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	121	55	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	56	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	121	57	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	58	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	59	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	60	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	61	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	62	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	121	63	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	121	64	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	65	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	66	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	67	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	121	68	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	69	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	70	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	71	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	121	72	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	121	73	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	121	74	18	18	NUM
arjefm-1223	122	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	122	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	122	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	122	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	5	e	e	X
arjefm-1223	122	6	β1	β1	PROPN
arjefm-1223	122	7	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	8	β5	β5	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	9	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	10	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	11	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	12	∑	∑	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	13	=	=	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	14	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	15	term	term	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	16	i	i	PRON
arjefm-1223	122	17	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	18	cross	cross	PROPN
arjefm-1223	122	19	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	20	t	t	PROPN
arjefm-1223	122	21	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	22	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	23	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	24	measuring	measure	VERB
arjefm-1223	122	25	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	122	26	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	27	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	122	28	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	29	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	122	30	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	123	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	123	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	123	5	modified	modified	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	6	jones	jones	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	7	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	123	8	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	10	dechow	dechow	X
arjefm-1223	123	11	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	12	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	13	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	15	1995	1995	NUM
arjefm-1223	123	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	17	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	123	18	measure	measure	VERB
arjefm-1223	123	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	123	20	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	123	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	23	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	24	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	123	25	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	123	26	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	123	27	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	28	dtac	dtac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	123	29	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	123	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	124	2	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	124	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	124	4	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	5	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	124	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	7	tac	tac	NOUN
arjefm-1223	124	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	9	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	124	10	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	124	11	classified	classify	VERB
arjefm-1223	124	12	as	as	ADP
arjefm-1223	124	13	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	14	components	component	NOUN
arjefm-1223	124	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	16	dtac	dtac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	124	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	124	19	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	20	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	21	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	22	components	component	NOUN
arjefm-1223	124	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	24	ndtac	ndtac	ADJ
arjefm-1223	124	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	124	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	1	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-1223	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	3	defined	define	VERB
arjefm-1223	125	4	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	125	5	follows	follow	VERB
arjefm-1223	125	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	7	tac	tac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	125	8	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	9	ndtac	ndtac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	125	10	+	+	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	125	11	dtac	dtac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	125	12	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	125	13	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	14	tac	tac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	125	15	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	16	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	17	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	18	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	19	t	t	PROPN
arjefm-1223	125	20	ndtac	ndtac	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	21	=	=	SYM
arjefm-1223	125	22	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	125	24	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	25	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	26	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	27	accruals	accrual	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	28	dtac	dtac	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	29	=	=	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	30	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	31	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	32	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	125	34	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	35	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	36	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	125	37	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	38	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	125	39	investigate	investigate	VERB
arjefm-1223	125	40	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	41	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	42	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	43	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	125	44	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	45	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	47	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	125	48	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	49	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	125	50	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	51	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	125	53	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	54	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	125	55	simple	simple	ADJ
arjefm-1223	125	56	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	57	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	125	58	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	126	1	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	2	rule	rule	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	126	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	126	5	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	6	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	126	7	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	8	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	126	9	tested	test	VERB
arjefm-1223	126	10	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	126	11	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	126	12	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	13	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	126	15	significance	significance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	126	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	127	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	127	2	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-1223	127	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	127	4	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	127	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	127	6	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	127	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	127	8	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-1223	127	9	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	127	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	127	11	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	127	12	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-1223	127	13	than	than	ADP
arjefm-1223	127	14	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	127	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	127	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	127	17	null	null	ADJ
arjefm-1223	127	18	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	127	19	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	127	20	rejected	reject	VERB
arjefm-1223	127	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	127	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	127	23	alternate	alternate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	127	24	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	127	25	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	127	26	accepted	accept	VERB
arjefm-1223	127	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	128	1	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	128	2	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	128	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	128	4	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-1223	128	5	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	128	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	128	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	128	8	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-1223	128	9	than	than	ADP
arjefm-1223	128	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	128	11	critical	critical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	128	12	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	128	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	128	14	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	128	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	128	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	128	17	null	null	ADJ
arjefm-1223	128	18	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	128	19	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	128	20	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	128	21	rejected	reject	VERB
arjefm-1223	128	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	129	1	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	129	4	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	5	gathered	gather	VERB
arjefm-1223	129	6	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	129	7	analyzed	analyze	VERB
arjefm-1223	129	8	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	129	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	129	10	help	help	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	129	12	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	13	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-1223	129	14	view	view	VERB
arjefm-1223	129	15	9.0	9.0	NUM
arjefm-1223	129	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	130	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	130	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	130	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	130	4	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-1223	130	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	130	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	130	7	relevant	relevant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	130	8	tables	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	130	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	131	1	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	131	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	6	provides	provide	VERB
arjefm-1223	131	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	8	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	131	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	131	10	mean	mean	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	11	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	131	13	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	131	15	minimum	minimum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	131	17	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-1223	131	18	deviation	deviation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	131	20	median	median	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	131	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	131	23	count	count	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	131	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	131	26	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	131	27	collected	collect	VERB
arjefm-1223	131	28	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	131	29	span	span	VERB
arjefm-1223	131	30	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	131	31	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	131	32	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	131	33	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	131	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	132	1	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	132	2	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	132	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	132	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	132	5	statistics	statistics	PROPN
arjefm-1223	132	6	tacc	tacc	PROPN
arjefm-1223	132	7	chd	chd	PROPN
arjefm-1223	132	8	mean	mean	VERB
arjefm-1223	133	1	1.56e+04	1.56e+04	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	2	950809.5	950809.5	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	3	median	median	NOUN
arjefm-1223	133	4	3286e+04	3286e+04	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	5	382792.5	382792.5	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	6	maximum	maximum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	133	7	4.25e+09	4.25e+09	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	8	4059824	4059824	NUM
arjefm-1223	133	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	134	1	minimum	minimum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	134	2	-3.41e+09	-3.41e+09	PROPN
arjefm-1223	134	3	211568.0	211568.0	NUM
arjefm-1223	134	4	std	std	NOUN
arjefm-1223	134	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	134	6	dev	dev	PROPN
arjefm-1223	134	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	135	1	3.09e+09	3.09e+09	NUM
arjefm-1223	135	2	1302819	1302819	NUM
arjefm-1223	135	3	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	136	1	skewness	skewness	NOUN
arjefm-1223	136	2	-0.145120	-0.145120	VERB
arjefm-1223	136	3	1.737266	1.737266	NUM
arjefm-1223	136	4	kurtosis	kurtosis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	137	1	2.204286	2.204286	NUM
arjefm-1223	137	2	4.370779	4.370779	NUM
arjefm-1223	137	3	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	NOUN
arjefm-1223	137	4	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	138	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	138	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	11	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	13	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	15	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	17	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	18	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	19	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	138	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	27	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	138	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	32	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	34	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	35	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	138	36	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	138	38	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	39	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	40	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	41	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	42	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	43	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	138	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	138	45	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	47	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	48	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	138	49	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	50	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	52	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	138	53	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	138	54	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	139	1	19	19	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	140	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	140	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	140	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	6	jarque	jarque	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	7	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	140	8	bera	bera	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	9	1.458353	1.458353	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	10	5.813085	5.813085	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	11	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	12	0.381188	0.381188	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	13	0.054664	0.054664	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	14	sum	sum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	140	15	2.53e+05	2.53e+05	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	16	9508095	9508095	NUM
arjefm-1223	140	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	141	1	sum	sum	PROPN
arjefm-1223	141	2	sq	sq	PROPN
arjefm-1223	141	3	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	141	4	dev	dev	PROPN
arjefm-1223	141	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	1	7.64e+28	7.64e+28	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	2	1.53e+13	1.53e+13	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	3	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	4	20	20	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	5	20	20	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	6	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	7	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	8	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	9	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	10	view	view	ADJ
arjefm-1223	142	11	9	9	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	12	output	output	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	13	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	14	above	above	ADV
arjefm-1223	142	15	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	142	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	142	17	mean	mean	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	19	each	each	PRON
arjefm-1223	142	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	142	22	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	24	their	their	PRON
arjefm-1223	142	25	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	142	26	values	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	28	minimum	minimum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	142	29	values	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	30	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	31	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-1223	142	32	deviation	deviation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	33	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	142	34	jarque	jarque	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	35	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	36	bera	bera	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	37	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	38	jb	jb	PROPN
arjefm-1223	142	39	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	40	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	41	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	142	42	normality	normality	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	43	test).the	test).the	DET
arjefm-1223	142	44	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	45	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	46	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	47	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	142	48	provided	provide	VERB
arjefm-1223	142	49	some	some	DET
arjefm-1223	142	50	perception	perception	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	51	into	into	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	52	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	142	53	nature	nature	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	54	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	55	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	142	56	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	57	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	58	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	59	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	60	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	142	61	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	142	62	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	142	63	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	142	64	this	this	DET
arjefm-1223	142	65	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	142	66	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	143	2	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	143	3	observed	observe	VERB
arjefm-1223	143	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	143	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	143	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	143	7	average	average	NOUN
arjefm-1223	143	8	over	over	ADP
arjefm-1223	143	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	143	10	ten	ten	NUM
arjefm-1223	143	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	12	10	10	NUM
arjefm-1223	143	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	14	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	143	15	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-1223	143	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	17	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	143	18	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	143	19	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	143	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	143	23	sampled	sample	VERB
arjefm-1223	143	24	quoted	quote	VERB
arjefm-1223	143	25	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	143	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	143	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	143	28	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	143	29	characterized	characterize	VERB
arjefm-1223	143	30	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	143	31	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-1223	143	32	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-1223	143	33	tacc	tacc	NOUN
arjefm-1223	143	34	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	35	2.560	2.560	NUM
arjefm-1223	143	36	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	143	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	144	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	144	2	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	144	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	144	4	observed	observe	VERB
arjefm-1223	144	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	144	6	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	144	7	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	144	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	144	9	chd	chd	NOUN
arjefm-1223	144	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	144	11	mean	mean	VERB
arjefm-1223	144	12	stood	stand	VERB
arjefm-1223	144	13	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	144	14	950809.5	950809.5	NUM
arjefm-1223	144	15	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	144	16	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	144	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	144	18	minimum	minimum	ADJ
arjefm-1223	144	19	values	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	144	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	144	21	4059824.0	4059824.0	NUM
arjefm-1223	144	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	144	23	211568.0	211568.0	NUM
arjefm-1223	144	24	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-1223	144	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	145	1	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	145	2	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	3	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	145	4	above	above	ADV
arjefm-1223	145	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	145	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	145	7	jarque	jarque	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	8	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	145	9	bera	bera	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	145	11	jb	jb	PROPN
arjefm-1223	145	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	145	13	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	145	14	test	test	VERB
arjefm-1223	145	15	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	145	16	normality	normality	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	17	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	145	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	145	19	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	145	21	outlier	outlier	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	22	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	145	23	extreme	extreme	ADJ
arjefm-1223	145	24	values	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	25	among	among	ADP
arjefm-1223	145	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	145	27	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	28	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-1223	145	29	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	145	30	all	all	DET
arjefm-1223	145	31	our	our	PRON
arjefm-1223	145	32	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	33	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	145	34	normally	normally	ADV
arjefm-1223	145	35	distributed	distribute	VERB
arjefm-1223	145	36	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	145	37	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	145	38	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	145	39	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	145	40	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	41	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	42	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	145	43	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	145	44	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	145	45	could	could	AUX
arjefm-1223	145	46	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	145	47	generalized	generalize	VERB
arjefm-1223	145	48	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	146	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	146	2	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	146	3	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	146	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	146	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	146	6	least	least	ADJ
arjefm-1223	146	7	square	square	ADJ
arjefm-1223	146	8	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	146	9	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	146	10	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	146	11	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	146	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	146	13	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-1223	146	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	146	15	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	146	16	models	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	146	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	1	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	147	4	examining	examine	VERB
arjefm-1223	147	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	147	6	association	association	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	7	among	among	ADP
arjefm-1223	147	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	147	9	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	11	we	we	PRON
arjefm-1223	147	12	employed	employ	VERB
arjefm-1223	147	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	147	14	pearson	pearson	PROPN
arjefm-1223	147	15	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	16	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	19	matix	matix	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	147	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	147	23	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	24	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	147	25	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-1223	147	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	147	27	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	28	2	2	NUM
arjefm-1223	147	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	30	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	31	2	2	NUM
arjefm-1223	147	32	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	147	33	pearson	pearson	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	34	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	35	matrix	matrix	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	36	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	37	tacc	tacc	PROPN
arjefm-1223	147	38	chd	chd	PROPN
arjefm-1223	147	39	tacc	tacc	PROPN
arjefm-1223	147	40	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	147	41	chd	chd	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	42	0.66368	0.66368	NUM
arjefm-1223	147	43	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	147	44	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-1223	147	45	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	148	1	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	2	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	3	view	view	ADJ
arjefm-1223	148	4	9	9	NUM
arjefm-1223	148	5	output	output	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	148	7	use	use	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	148	9	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	10	matrix	matrix	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	148	12	most	most	ADJ
arjefm-1223	148	13	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	15	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	148	16	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	148	17	check	check	VERB
arjefm-1223	148	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	148	19	multicolinearity	multicolinearity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	20	strength	strength	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	148	22	direction	direction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	148	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	148	25	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	26	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	148	27	two	two	NUM
arjefm-1223	148	28	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	148	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	149	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	149	2	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
arjefm-1223	149	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	149	4	extent	extent	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	5	variations	variation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	149	7	one	one	NUM
arjefm-1223	149	8	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	9	correspond	correspond	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	149	11	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	149	13	another	another	DET
arjefm-1223	149	14	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	149	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	150	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	150	2	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	3	2	2	NUM
arjefm-1223	150	4	focused	focus	VERB
arjefm-1223	150	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	150	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	150	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	8	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	150	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	11	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	150	12	variable	variable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	150	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	150	14	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
arjefm-1223	150	15	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	16	which	which	PRON
arjefm-1223	150	17	consists	consist	VERB
arjefm-1223	150	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	150	19	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	20	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	21	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	150	22	chd	chd	NOUN
arjefm-1223	150	23	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	150	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	151	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	151	2	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	151	3	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	151	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	151	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	151	6	matrix	matrix	NOUN
arjefm-1223	151	7	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	151	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	151	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	151	10	independent	independent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	151	11	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	151	12	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	151	13	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-1223	151	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	151	15	strongly	strongly	ADV
arjefm-1223	151	16	correlated	correlate	VERB
arjefm-1223	151	17	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	151	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	151	19	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	151	20	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	151	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	152	1	test	test	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	152	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	4	ho1	ho1	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	152	6	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	7	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	8	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	152	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-1223	152	10	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	152	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	12	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	152	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	152	16	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	17	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	18	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	152	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	152	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	152	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	153	1	testing	testing	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	153	3	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	4	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	5	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	153	6	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	8	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	153	9	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	153	10	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	154	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	154	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	11	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	13	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	15	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	17	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	18	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	19	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	154	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	27	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	154	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	32	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	34	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	35	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	154	36	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	154	38	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	39	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	40	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	41	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	42	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	43	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	154	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	154	45	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	47	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	48	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	154	49	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	50	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	154	52	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	154	53	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	155	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	155	2	20	20	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	156	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	156	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	156	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	5	e	e	ADP
arjefm-1223	156	6	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	156	7	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	9	tacc	tacc	ADJ
arjefm-1223	156	10	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	11	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	12	least	least	ADJ
arjefm-1223	156	13	squares	square	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	14	date	date	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	15	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	16	12/12/24	12/12/24	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	17	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	18	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	19	17:04	17:04	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	20	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	21	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	22	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	23	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	24	included	include	VERB
arjefm-1223	156	25	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	27	20	20	NUM
arjefm-1223	156	28	variable	variable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	156	29	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	30	std	std	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	31	.	.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	32	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	33	t	t	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	34	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	156	35	statistic	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	36	prob	prob	NOUN
arjefm-1223	156	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	157	1	c	c	PROPN
arjefm-1223	157	2	-9.67e+09	-9.67e+09	PROPN
arjefm-1223	158	1	2.50e+09	2.50e+09	PROPN
arjefm-1223	158	2	-3.865690	-3.865690	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	3	0.0181	0.0181	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	4	chd	chd	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	5	1536.193	1536.193	PROPN
arjefm-1223	158	6	1938.448	1938.448	PROPN
arjefm-1223	158	7	0.792486	0.792486	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	8	0.4724	0.4724	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	9	r	r	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	10	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	158	11	squared	square	VERB
arjefm-1223	158	12	0.841769	0.841769	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	13	mean	mean	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	14	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	158	15	var	var	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	16	-2.70e+08	-2.70e+08	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	17	adjusted	adjust	VERB
arjefm-1223	158	18	r	r	NOUN
arjefm-1223	158	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	158	20	squared	square	VERB
arjefm-1223	158	21	0.764731	0.764731	NUM
arjefm-1223	158	22	s.d	s.d	PROPN
arjefm-1223	158	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	159	1	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	159	2	var	var	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	1	3.09e+09	3.09e+09	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	2	s.e	s.e	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	3	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	160	5	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	6	1.14e+08	1.14e+08	NUM
arjefm-1223	160	7	akaike	akaike	ADP
arjefm-1223	160	8	info	info	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	9	criterion	criterion	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	10	34.80861	34.80861	NUM
arjefm-1223	160	11	sum	sum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	12	squared	square	VERB
arjefm-1223	160	13	resid	resid	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	14	4.08e+17	4.08e+17	NUM
arjefm-1223	160	15	schwarz	schwarz	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	16	criterion	criterion	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	17	34.99016	34.99016	NUM
arjefm-1223	160	18	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	19	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	20	-216.0431	-216.0431	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	21	hannan	hannan	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	22	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	160	23	quinn	quinn	PROPN
arjefm-1223	160	24	criter	criter	NOUN
arjefm-1223	160	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	1	44.60945	44.60945	NUM
arjefm-1223	161	2	f	f	X
arjefm-1223	161	3	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	4	statistic	statistic	ADJ
arjefm-1223	161	5	11.50642	11.50642	NUM
arjefm-1223	161	6	durbin	durbin	ADJ
arjefm-1223	161	7	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	8	watson	watson	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	9	stat	stat	PROPN
arjefm-1223	161	10	1.657087	1.657087	NUM
arjefm-1223	161	11	prob(f	prob(f	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	12	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	13	statistic	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	15	0.056451	0.056451	NUM
arjefm-1223	161	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	161	17	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	18	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	161	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	161	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	161	21	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	23	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	161	24	conducted	conduct	VERB
arjefm-1223	161	25	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	161	26	test	test	VERB
arjefm-1223	161	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	161	28	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	29	between	between	ADP
arjefm-1223	161	30	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	31	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	32	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	161	33	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	34	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	161	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	162	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	162	2	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	162	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	162	5	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	6	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	7	have	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	162	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	162	9	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	162	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	162	11	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	162	12	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	162	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	15	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	162	17	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	18	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	19	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	162	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	162	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	162	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	163	1	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	163	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	163	3	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	163	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	163	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	163	6	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-1223	163	7	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	163	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	163	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	163	10	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	163	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	163	12	adjusted	adjust	VERB
arjefm-1223	163	13	r	r	NOUN
arjefm-1223	163	14	squared	square	VERB
arjefm-1223	163	15	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	163	16	0.80	0.80	NUM
arjefm-1223	163	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	164	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	164	2	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	164	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	164	4	only	only	ADV
arjefm-1223	164	5	80	80	NUM
arjefm-1223	164	6	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	7	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	12	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	13	could	could	AUX
arjefm-1223	164	14	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	164	15	accounted	account	VERB
arjefm-1223	164	16	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	17	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	18	independent	independent	ADJ
arjefm-1223	164	19	variable	variable	PROPN
arjefm-1223	164	20	chd	chd	PROPN
arjefm-1223	164	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	164	22	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	164	23	20	20	NUM
arjefm-1223	164	24	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	25	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	164	26	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-1223	164	27	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	28	unknown	unknown	ADJ
arjefm-1223	164	29	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	30	that	that	PRON
arjefm-1223	164	31	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	164	32	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	164	33	included	include	VERB
arjefm-1223	164	34	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	164	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	164	36	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	164	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	165	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	165	2	durbin	durbin	PROPN
arjefm-1223	165	3	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	165	4	watson	watson	NOUN
arjefm-1223	165	5	statistic	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	165	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	165	7	1.657087	1.657087	NUM
arjefm-1223	165	8	suggests	suggest	VERB
arjefm-1223	165	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	165	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	165	11	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-1223	165	12	does	do	AUX
arjefm-1223	165	13	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	165	14	contain	contain	VERB
arjefm-1223	165	15	serial	serial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	165	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	165	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	166	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	166	2	f	f	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	3	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	166	4	statistic	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	166	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	166	7	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	166	9	equal	equal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	166	11	11.50642	11.50642	NUM
arjefm-1223	166	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	166	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	166	14	associated	associated	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	15	f	f	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	166	17	statistical	statistical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	18	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	19	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	166	20	equal	equal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	21	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	166	22	0.056	0.056	NUM
arjefm-1223	166	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	166	24	so	so	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	166	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	166	26	alternative	alternative	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	27	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	28	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	166	29	accepted	accept	VERB
arjefm-1223	166	30	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	166	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	166	32	null	null	ADJ
arjefm-1223	166	33	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	166	34	was	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	166	35	rejected	reject	VERB
arjefm-1223	166	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	167	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	167	2	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	167	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	167	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	167	5	slope	slope	NOUN
arjefm-1223	167	6	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	167	7	indicate	indicate	VERB
arjefm-1223	167	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	167	9	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	167	10	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	167	11	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	167	12	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	167	13	=	=	NOUN
arjefm-1223	167	14	0.4724	0.4724	NUM
arjefm-1223	167	15	>	>	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	167	16	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	167	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	167	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	168	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	168	2	co	co	ADJ
arjefm-1223	168	3	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	168	4	efficient	efficient	ADJ
arjefm-1223	168	5	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	168	7	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	168	8	β1=	β1=	X
arjefm-1223	168	9	1536.19	1536.19	NUM
arjefm-1223	168	10	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	168	11	t	t	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	12	=	=	NUM
arjefm-1223	168	13	0.792	0.792	NUM
arjefm-1223	168	14	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	168	15	tac	tac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	168	16	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	168	17	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	168	18	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	19	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	20	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	168	21	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-1223	168	22	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-1223	168	23	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	168	24	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	25	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	168	27	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	168	28	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	168	29	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	168	30	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	168	31	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	168	32	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	168	33	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	168	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	1	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	169	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	169	3	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	4	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	5	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	7	0.4724	0.4724	NUM
arjefm-1223	169	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	169	9	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-1223	169	10	than	than	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	169	12	critical	critical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	169	13	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	15	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	169	16	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	18	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	169	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	21	then	then	ADV
arjefm-1223	169	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	23	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	169	24	would	would	AUX
arjefm-1223	169	25	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	169	26	upheld	uphold	VERB
arjefm-1223	169	27	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	169	28	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	169	30	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	31	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	169	32	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	169	33	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-1223	169	34	insignificantly	insignificantly	ADV
arjefm-1223	169	35	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	36	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	37	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	38	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	39	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	40	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	41	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	42	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	43	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	44	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	169	45	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	46	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	169	47	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	48	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	49	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	169	50	significance	significance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	169	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	52	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-1223	169	53	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	169	54	ho	ho	PROPN
arjefm-1223	169	55	is	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	169	56	preferred	prefer	VERB
arjefm-1223	169	57	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	169	58	h1	h1	VERB
arjefm-1223	169	59	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	170	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	170	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	4	this	this	PRON
arjefm-1223	170	5	ascertained	ascertain	VERB
arjefm-1223	170	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	170	7	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	170	9	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	170	10	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	11	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	170	13	charity/	charity/	NUM
arjefm-1223	170	14	donation	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	15	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	170	16	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	17	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	170	19	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	20	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	21	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	170	22	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	170	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	170	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	1	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	2	were	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	171	3	extracted	extract	VERB
arjefm-1223	171	4	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	171	5	audited	audit	VERB
arjefm-1223	171	6	annual	annual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	171	7	reports	report	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	171	9	accounts	account	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	171	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	171	12	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	13	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	14	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	15	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	16	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	171	18	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	20	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	171	22	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	23	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	24	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	25	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	26	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	28	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	29	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	30	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	31	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	32	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	34	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	35	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	171	36	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	37	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	38	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	39	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	40	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	171	41	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	42	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	43	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	44	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	45	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	46	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	47	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	48	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	171	49	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	50	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	171	51	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	52	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	53	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	54	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	55	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	56	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	171	57	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	171	58	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	59	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	60	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	61	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	171	62	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	63	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	64	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	171	65	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	171	66	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	172	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	172	2	21	21	NUM
arjefm-1223	173	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	173	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	173	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	173	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	173	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-1223	173	6	sampled	sample	VERB
arjefm-1223	173	7	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	173	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	173	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	173	10	spanning	span	VERB
arjefm-1223	173	11	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	173	12	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	173	13	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	173	14	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-1223	173	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	1	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	174	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	174	3	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	174	6	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	7	revealed	reveal	VERB
arjefm-1223	174	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	174	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	174	10	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	174	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	174	13	slope	slope	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	14	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	15	indicate	indicate	VERB
arjefm-1223	174	16	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	174	17	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	18	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	174	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	20	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	21	=	=	NOUN
arjefm-1223	174	22	0.4724	0.4724	NUM
arjefm-1223	174	23	>	>	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	24	0.05	0.05	NUM
arjefm-1223	174	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	174	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	175	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	175	2	co	co	ADJ
arjefm-1223	175	3	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-1223	175	4	efficient	efficient	ADJ
arjefm-1223	175	5	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	175	7	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	175	8	β1=	β1=	X
arjefm-1223	175	9	1536.19	1536.19	NUM
arjefm-1223	175	10	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	175	11	t	t	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	12	=	=	NUM
arjefm-1223	175	13	0.792	0.792	NUM
arjefm-1223	175	14	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	175	15	tac	tac	PROPN
arjefm-1223	175	16	implies	imply	VERB
arjefm-1223	175	17	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	175	18	charity	charity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	19	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	20	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	175	21	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-1223	175	22	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-1223	175	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	175	26	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	175	27	not	not	PART
arjefm-1223	175	28	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-1223	175	29	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	175	30	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	175	31	5	5	NUM
arjefm-1223	175	32	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-1223	175	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	176	2	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	3	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	176	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	176	5	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	6	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	176	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	176	8	congruence	congruence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	176	10	falikhatun	falikhatun	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	176	12	gantyowati	gantyowati	X
arjefm-1223	176	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	14	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	176	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	16	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	17	tjondro	tjondro	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	176	19	pemeta	pemeta	PROPN
arjefm-1223	176	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	21	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	176	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	23	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	24	ayunku	ayunku	NOUN
arjefm-1223	176	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	176	26	uzochukwu	uzochukwu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	176	27	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	28	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	176	29	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	176	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	177	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-1223	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	177	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	177	4	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	177	5	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-1223	177	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	177	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	177	8	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	177	9	has	have	VERB
arjefm-1223	177	10	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	177	11	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	177	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	177	13	earning	earn	VERB
arjefm-1223	177	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	177	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	177	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	177	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	178	1	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	178	2	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	178	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	178	4	findings	finding	NOUN
arjefm-1223	178	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	178	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	178	7	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	178	8	recommended	recommend	VERB
arjefm-1223	178	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	178	10	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	178	11	charitable	charitable	ADJ
arjefm-1223	178	12	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	178	13	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	178	14	also	also	ADV
arjefm-1223	178	15	lower	lower	VERB
arjefm-1223	178	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	178	17	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN
arjefm-1223	178	18	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-1223	178	19	obligations	obligation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	178	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	179	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	179	2	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	3	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	179	4	qualify	qualify	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	179	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	179	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	8	authority	authority	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	9	should	should	AUX
arjefm-1223	179	10	ensure	ensure	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	179	12	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	13	use	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	14	itemized	itemize	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	15	deductions	deduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	16	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	179	17	his	his	PRON
arjefm-1223	179	18	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	19	return	return	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	179	21	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	179	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	179	23	donations	donation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	24	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	179	25	qualify	qualify	ADJ
arjefm-1223	179	26	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	179	27	it	it	PRON
arjefm-1223	179	28	must	must	AUX
arjefm-1223	179	29	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	179	30	given	give	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	179	32	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	179	33	approved	approve	VERB
arjefm-1223	179	34	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-1223	179	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	1	references	reference	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	2	ayunku	ayunku	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	4	p.	p.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	5	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	6	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	180	7	uzochukwu	uzochukwu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	9	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	11	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	180	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	13	credit	credit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	14	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	180	16	issues	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	180	18	bad	bad	ADJ
arjefm-1223	180	19	debts	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	180	21	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	180	22	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	180	23	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	180	25	listed	list	VERB
arjefm-1223	180	26	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	27	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	180	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	180	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	180	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	1	asian	asian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	181	2	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	181	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	181	4	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	181	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	6	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	181	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	181	8	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	181	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	10	14(3	14(3	NUM
arjefm-1223	181	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	13	32	32	NUM
arjefm-1223	181	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	181	15	49	49	NUM
arjefm-1223	181	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	17	christensen	christensen	PROPN
arjefm-1223	181	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	19	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	181	20	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	181	21	murphy	murphy	PROPN
arjefm-1223	181	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	23	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	181	24	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	25	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	181	26	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	181	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	182	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	182	2	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-1223	182	3	irresponsibility	irresponsibility	NOUN
arjefm-1223	182	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	182	5	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	182	6	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	182	7	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	182	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	183	1	development	development	NOUN
arjefm-1223	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	183	3	7(3	7(3	NUM
arjefm-1223	183	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	183	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	183	6	37–44	37–44	NUM
arjefm-1223	183	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	184	1	desai	desai	PROPN
arjefm-1223	184	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	184	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	184	4	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	184	5	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	184	6	dharmapala	dharmapala	PROPN
arjefm-1223	184	7	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	184	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	184	9	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	184	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	184	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	185	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	185	4	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	185	5	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	6	shelters	shelter	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	185	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	185	9	book	book	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	10	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	185	11	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	12	alignment	alignment	NOUN
arjefm-1223	185	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	186	1	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-1223	186	2	tax	tax	PROPN
arjefm-1223	186	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	186	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	186	5	lxil	lxil	PROPN
arjefm-1223	186	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	186	7	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	186	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	186	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	187	1	desai	desai	PROPN
arjefm-1223	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	187	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	187	4	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	187	5	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	187	6	dharmapala	dharmapala	PROPN
arjefm-1223	187	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	187	8	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	187	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	187	10	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-1223	187	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	187	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	188	1	taxation	taxation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	188	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	188	3	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	188	4	governance	governance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	188	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	188	6	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	188	7	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-1223	188	8	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-1223	188	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	188	10	doi	doi	NOUN
arjefm-1223	188	11	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	188	12	10.2139	10.2139	NUM
arjefm-1223	188	13	/	/	SYM
arjefm-1223	188	14	ssrn	ssrn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	188	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	189	1	983563	983563	NUM
arjefm-1223	189	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	1	elena	elena	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	3	g.	g.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	5	lubos	lubos	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	6	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	8	lucia	lucia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	10	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	190	12	lucia	lucia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	14	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	190	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	16	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	190	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	190	18	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	190	20	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	190	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	25	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	190	26	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	27	structures	structure	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	28	across	across	ADP
arjefm-1223	190	29	v4	v4	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	30	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-1223	190	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	191	1	acta	acta	PROPN
arjefm-1223	191	2	polytechnica	polytechnica	PROPN
arjefm-1223	191	3	hungarica	hungarica	PROPN
arjefm-1223	191	4	18(3	18(3	PROPN
arjefm-1223	191	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	191	6	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	1	221	221	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	2	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	192	3	244	244	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	4	engel	engel	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	6	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	8	erickson	erickson	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	10	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	11	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	192	12	maydew	maydew	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	14	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	16	1999	1999	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	18	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	20	equity	equity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	21	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
arjefm-1223	192	22	securities	security	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	24	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	192	26	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	27	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	29	37(2	37(2	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	30	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	31	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	32	249	249	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	33	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	192	34	274	274	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	36	faulkender	faulkender	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	38	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	192	39	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	192	40	smith	smith	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	41	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	42	j.m	j.m	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	43	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	192	44	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	45	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-1223	192	46	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	192	47	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	1	taxes	taxis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	193	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	193	3	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	193	4	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	193	5	multinational	multinational	ADJ
arjefm-1223	193	6	corporations	corporation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	193	7	’	'	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	9	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	193	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	193	11	financial	financial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	193	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	193	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	14	122(1	122(1	NUM
arjefm-1223	193	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	193	17	1–20	1–20	PROPN
arjefm-1223	193	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	194	1	goncharov	goncharov	PROPN
arjefm-1223	194	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	194	3	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	194	4	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	194	5	zimmermann	zimmermann	PROPN
arjefm-1223	194	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	194	7	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	194	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	194	9	2016a	2016a	NUM
arjefm-1223	194	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	194	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	3	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	195	4	incentives	incentive	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	5	compete	compete	VERB
arjefm-1223	195	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	195	8	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	195	10	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	11	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	195	13	russia	russia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	195	14	’	'	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	16	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	195	18	international	international	ADJ
arjefm-1223	195	19	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	20	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	195	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	22	5(1	5(1	NUM
arjefm-1223	195	23	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	195	25	41–65	41–65	NUM
arjefm-1223	195	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	196	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	196	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	197	1	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxliability.asp	VERB
arjefm-1223	197	2	https://econpapers.repec.org/article/blajoares/	https://econpapers.repec.org/article/blajoares/	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	3	https://econpapers.repec.org/article/blajoares/	https://econpapers.repec.org/article/blajoares/	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	4	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	5	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	6	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	197	8	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	10	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	197	12	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	13	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	14	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	15	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	16	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	18	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	20	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	21	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	22	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	23	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	24	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	25	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	197	26	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	27	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	28	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	29	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	30	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	197	31	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	32	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	33	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	34	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	35	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	36	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	37	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	38	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	197	39	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	40	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	197	41	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	42	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	43	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	44	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	45	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	46	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	197	47	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	197	48	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	49	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	50	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	51	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	197	52	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	53	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	54	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	197	55	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	197	56	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	198	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	198	2	22	22	NUM
arjefm-1223	199	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	199	2	p	p	X
arjefm-1223	199	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	199	4	g	g	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	5	e	e	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	6	goncharov	goncharov	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	199	8	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	199	10	zimmermann	zimmermann	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	199	12	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	199	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	199	14	2016b	2016b	NUM
arjefm-1223	199	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	199	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	200	1	do	do	AUX
arjefm-1223	200	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	200	3	standards	standard	NOUN
arjefm-1223	200	4	influence	influence	VERB
arjefm-1223	200	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	200	6	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	200	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	200	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	200	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	200	10	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	201	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	201	2	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	201	3	germany	germany	PROPN
arjefm-1223	201	4	’	'	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	201	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	201	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	201	7	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	201	8	germany	germany	PROPN
arjefm-1223	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	201	10	doi	doi	PROPN
arjefm-1223	201	11	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	201	12	10.2139	10.2139	NUM
arjefm-1223	201	13	/	/	SYM
arjefm-1223	201	14	ssrn	ssrn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	201	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	202	1	386521	386521	NUM
arjefm-1223	202	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	203	1	graham	graham	PROPN
arjefm-1223	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	203	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	203	4	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	203	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	203	6	2000	2000	NUM
arjefm-1223	203	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	203	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	1	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	204	2	big	big	ADJ
arjefm-1223	204	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	204	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	204	5	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	204	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	204	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	204	8	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	204	9	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	10	’	'	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	204	13	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	204	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	204	15	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	204	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	17	55(5	55(5	NUM
arjefm-1223	204	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	20	1901	1901	NUM
arjefm-1223	204	21	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	204	22	1941	1941	NUM
arjefm-1223	204	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	1	graham	graham	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	4	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	6	hanlon	hanlon	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	8	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	10	shevlin	shevlin	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	12	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	14	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	205	15	shroff	shroff	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	17	n.	n.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	205	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	19	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	205	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	22	incentives	incentive	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	23	for	for	ADP
arjefm-1223	205	24	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	25	planning	planning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	26	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	205	27	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	28	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	205	29	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	30	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	205	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	205	32	field	field	NOUN
arjefm-1223	205	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	206	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	206	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	206	3	review	review	NOUN
arjefm-1223	206	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	206	5	89:991	89:991	NUM
arjefm-1223	206	6	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	206	7	1023	1023	NUM
arjefm-1223	206	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	207	1	guenther	guenther	PROPN
arjefm-1223	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	207	3	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	207	4	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	207	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	207	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	207	7	1994	1994	NUM
arjefm-1223	207	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	207	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	208	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	208	4	response	response	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	5	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	208	6	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	208	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	8	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	9	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	10	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	208	11	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	12	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	208	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	208	14	1986	1986	NUM
arjefm-1223	208	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	16	reform	reform	NOUN
arjefm-1223	208	17	act	act	PROPN
arjefm-1223	208	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	209	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	209	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	209	3	review	review	NOUN
arjefm-1223	209	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	209	5	69	69	NUM
arjefm-1223	209	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	209	7	230–243	230–243	NUM
arjefm-1223	209	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	210	1	guenther	guenther	PROPN
arjefm-1223	210	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	210	3	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	210	4	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	210	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	210	6	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	210	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	210	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	211	1	measuring	measure	VERB
arjefm-1223	211	2	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	211	3	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	4	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	211	6	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-1223	211	7	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	8	rates	rate	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	211	10	book	book	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	11	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	211	12	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	13	differences	difference	NOUN
arjefm-1223	211	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	212	1	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	212	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	212	3	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-1223	212	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	212	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	212	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	212	7	48(2	48(2	NUM
arjefm-1223	212	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	212	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	212	10	407	407	NUM
arjefm-1223	212	11	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	212	12	442	442	NUM
arjefm-1223	212	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	213	1	jones	jones	PROPN
arjefm-1223	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	213	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	213	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	213	5	1991	1991	NUM
arjefm-1223	213	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	213	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	214	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	214	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	214	3	during	during	ADP
arjefm-1223	214	4	import	import	NOUN
arjefm-1223	214	5	relief	relief	NOUN
arjefm-1223	214	6	investigations	investigation	NOUN
arjefm-1223	214	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	215	1	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	215	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	215	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	215	4	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	215	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	215	6	29(2	29(2	NUM
arjefm-1223	215	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	215	8	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	1	93–228	93–228	NUM
arjefm-1223	216	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	3	llukani	llukani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	216	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	5	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	216	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	7	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	216	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	216	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	216	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	216	12	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	216	13	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	216	14	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	216	15	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	216	16	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-1223	216	17	analyze	analyze	NOUN
arjefm-1223	216	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	216	19	albanian	albanian	ADJ
arjefm-1223	216	20	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-1223	216	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	1	european	european	ADJ
arjefm-1223	217	2	scientific	scientific	ADJ
arjefm-1223	217	3	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	217	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	5	9(16	9(16	NUM
arjefm-1223	217	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	7	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	8	135	135	NUM
arjefm-1223	217	9	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	217	10	143	143	NUM
arjefm-1223	217	11	martani	martani	NOUN
arjefm-1223	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	13	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	217	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	15	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	217	16	persada	persada	PROPN
arjefm-1223	217	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	18	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	217	19	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	217	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	21	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	217	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	217	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	218	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	218	2	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	218	4	book	book	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	5	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	6	gap	gap	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	7	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	218	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	9	persistence	persistence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	218	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	219	1	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	219	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	219	3	accounting	accounting	PROPN
arjefm-1223	219	4	university	university	PROPN
arjefm-1223	219	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	219	6	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	219	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	220	1	murray	murray	PROPN
arjefm-1223	220	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	220	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	220	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	220	5	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	220	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	220	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	221	1	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-1223	221	2	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	221	3	shields	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	221	4	can	can	AUX
arjefm-1223	221	5	be	be	AUX
arjefm-1223	221	6	used	use	VERB
arjefm-1223	221	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-1223	221	8	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-1223	221	9	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-1223	221	10	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	221	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	222	1	available	available	ADJ
arjefm-1223	222	2	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	222	3	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-tax-shields-can-reduce-income-tax-4155788	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-tax-shields-can-reduce-income-tax-4155788	PROPN
arjefm-1223	222	4	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	223	1	nacasius	nacasius	PROPN
arjefm-1223	223	2	u.	u.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	223	3	u.	u.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	223	4	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	223	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	223	6	jorge	jorge	PROPN
arjefm-1223	223	7	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	223	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	223	9	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-1223	223	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	223	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	224	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	2	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	224	4	financial	financial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	224	5	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	224	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	224	8	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	9	flow	flow	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	10	volatility	volatility	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	11	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	224	12	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	224	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	14	by	by	ADP
arjefm-1223	224	15	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-1223	224	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	1	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	225	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	225	3	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	225	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	225	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	225	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	7	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-1223	225	8	2155	2155	NUM
arjefm-1223	225	9	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	225	10	7950	7950	NUM
arjefm-1223	225	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	12	usa	usa	PROPN
arjefm-1223	225	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	14	5(2	5(2	NUM
arjefm-1223	225	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	225	17	338	338	NUM
arjefm-1223	225	18	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	225	19	348	348	NUM
arjefm-1223	225	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	226	1	ndum	ndum	PROPN
arjefm-1223	226	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	226	3	n.	n.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	226	4	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	226	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	226	6	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-1223	226	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	226	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	227	1	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	227	3	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	4	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	227	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	7	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	227	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	227	10	deposit	deposit	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	11	money	money	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	12	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	227	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	228	1	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	228	2	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	228	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	228	4	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	228	5	practice	practice	NOUN
arjefm-1223	228	6	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	229	1	2(4	2(4	NUM
arjefm-1223	229	2	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	229	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	229	4	65	65	NUM
arjefm-1223	229	5	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	229	6	87	87	NUM
arjefm-1223	229	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	1	norhayati	norhayati	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	3	z.	z.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	5	rahayu	rahayu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	7	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	8	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	10	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	230	11	noor	noor	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	13	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	14	m.	m.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	15	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	230	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	17	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	230	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	230	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	231	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	231	2	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	231	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	231	4	leverage	leverage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	231	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	231	6	real	real	ADJ
arjefm-1223	231	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	231	8	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	231	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	232	1	international	international	ADJ
arjefm-1223	232	2	conference	conference	NOUN
arjefm-1223	232	3	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	232	4	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	232	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	232	6	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	232	7	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	232	8	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	232	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	232	10	icebr	icebr	PROPN
arjefm-1223	232	11	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-1223	232	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	232	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	233	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	234	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	2	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-tax-shields-can-reduce-income-taxamerican	https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-tax-shields-can-reduce-income-taxamerican	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	3	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	4	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	234	6	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	8	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	234	10	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	11	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	12	13	13	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	13	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	14	3	3	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	16	july	july	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	18	september	september	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	19	2025	2025	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	20	issn	issn	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	21	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	22	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	23	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	234	24	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	25	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	26	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	27	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	28	6.41	6.41	NUM
arjefm-1223	234	29	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	30	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	32	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	36	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-1223	234	37	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	234	39	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	234	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	234	46	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	234	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-1223	234	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	234	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	235	1	23	23	NUM
arjefm-1223	236	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-1223	236	2	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-1223	236	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-1223	236	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-1223	236	5	e	e	X
arjefm-1223	236	6	ofurum	ofurum	NOUN
arjefm-1223	236	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	236	8	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	9	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	236	11	okoye	okoye	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	12	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	13	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	14	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	236	15	ezejiofor	ezejiofor	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	16	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	17	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	236	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	236	19	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-1223	236	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	236	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	237	1	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	237	3	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	237	4	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	5	shield	shield	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	237	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	8	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	237	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
arjefm-1223	237	11	commercial	commercial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	237	12	banks	bank	NOUN
arjefm-1223	237	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	238	1	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-1223	238	2	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-1223	238	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	238	4	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	238	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	238	6	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-1223	238	7	development	development	NOUN
arjefm-1223	238	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	239	1	1(12	1(12	NUM
arjefm-1223	239	2	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	239	3	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	1	1	1	NUM
arjefm-1223	240	2	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	240	3	12	12	NUM
arjefm-1223	240	4	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	5	prabowo	prabowo	NOUN
arjefm-1223	240	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	7	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	240	8	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	10	winarna	winarna	NOUN
arjefm-1223	240	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	12	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	14	aryani	aryani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	16	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	17	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	19	falikhatun	falikhatun	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	21	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	240	22	gantyowati	gantyowati	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	24	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	240	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	26	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-1223	240	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	240	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	241	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	241	2	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	241	4	debt	debt	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	241	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	7	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	241	9	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
arjefm-1223	241	10	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	241	11	an	an	DET
arjefm-1223	241	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	13	offree	offree	ADJ
arjefm-1223	241	14	cash	cash	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	15	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	241	16	flow	flow	NOUN
arjefm-1223	241	17	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	241	18	covenant	covenant	ADJ
arjefm-1223	241	19	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	242	1	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
arjefm-1223	242	2	keuangan	keuangan	PROPN
arjefm-1223	242	3	dan	dan	PROPN
arjefm-1223	242	4	perbankan	perbankan	PROPN
arjefm-1223	242	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	242	6	24(2	24(2	NUM
arjefm-1223	242	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	242	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	242	9	142	142	NUM
arjefm-1223	242	10	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	242	11	55	55	NUM
arjefm-1223	242	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	1	purnama	purnama	PROPN
arjefm-1223	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	3	i.	i.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	243	4	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	243	5	nurdiniah	nurdiniah	PROPN
arjefm-1223	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	7	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	243	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	9	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	243	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	11	profitability	profitability	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	13	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-1223	243	14	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	243	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	18	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	19	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	243	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	243	21	moderating	moderate	VERB
arjefm-1223	243	22	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-1223	243	24	managerial	managerial	ADJ
arjefm-1223	243	25	ownership	ownership	NOUN
arjefm-1223	243	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	244	1	advances	advance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	244	2	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	244	3	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	244	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	244	5	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	244	7	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	244	8	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	244	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	244	10	73	73	NUM
arjefm-1223	244	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	244	12	41	41	NUM
arjefm-1223	244	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	244	14	46	46	NUM
arjefm-1223	244	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	245	1	tjondro	tjondro	PROPN
arjefm-1223	245	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	245	3	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	245	4	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	245	5	pemeta	pemeta	PROPN
arjefm-1223	245	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	245	7	a.	a.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	245	8	a.	a.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	245	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	245	10	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-1223	245	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	245	12	earning	earn	VERB
arjefm-1223	245	13	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	245	14	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	245	15	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	245	16	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	245	17	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	246	1	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	2	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	3	on	on	ADP
arjefm-1223	246	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	246	6	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	7	reporting	reporting	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	8	cost	cost	NOUN
arjefm-1223	246	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	247	1	advances	advance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	247	2	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	247	3	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-1223	247	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	247	5	business	business	NOUN
arjefm-1223	247	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	247	7	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	247	8	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-1223	247	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	247	10	103	103	NUM
arjefm-1223	247	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	247	12	23	23	NUM
arjefm-1223	247	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	247	14	30	30	NUM
arjefm-1223	247	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	1	wijaya	wijaya	PROPN
arjefm-1223	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	248	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	5	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	248	6	martani	martani	PROPN
arjefm-1223	248	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	8	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	248	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	10	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-1223	248	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	248	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	249	1	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-1223	249	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	3	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	4	practices	practice	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	249	6	responding	respond	VERB
arjefm-1223	249	7	to	to	ADP
arjefm-1223	249	8	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	9	tariff	tariff	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	10	reduction	reduction	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-1223	249	12	accordance	accordance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-1223	249	14	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	15	no	no	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	16	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	249	17	36	36	NUM
arjefm-1223	249	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	249	19	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-1223	249	20	2008	2008	NUM
arjefm-1223	249	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	1	zhu	zhu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	3	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	5	lu	lu	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	7	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	9	shan	shan	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	11	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	13	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	250	14	zhang	zhang	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	16	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-1223	250	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	19	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-1223	250	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	22	accrual	accrual	ADJ
arjefm-1223	250	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	24	based	base	VERB
arjefm-1223	250	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-1223	250	26	real	real	ADJ
arjefm-1223	250	27	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	28	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	29	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	30	at	at	ADP
arjefm-1223	250	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-1223	250	32	back	back	ADJ
arjefm-1223	250	33	door	door	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	250	35	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	36	from	from	ADP
arjefm-1223	250	37	chinese	chinese	ADJ
arjefm-1223	250	38	reverse	reverse	ADJ
arjefm-1223	250	39	mergers	merger	NOUN
arjefm-1223	250	40	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	251	1	pacific	pacific	ADJ
arjefm-1223	251	2	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	251	3	basin	basin	NOUN
arjefm-1223	251	4	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-1223	251	5	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-1223	251	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	251	7	35	35	NUM
arjefm-1223	251	8	:	:	SYM
arjefm-1223	251	9	317	317	NUM
arjefm-1223	251	10	-	-	SYM
arjefm-1223	251	11	339	339	NUM
arjefm-1223	251	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-1223	252	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-1223	252	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X