id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
arjefm-84	1	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	1	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	1	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	1	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	1	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	1	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	1	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	1	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	1	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	36	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	1	37	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	1	39	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	1	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	1	46	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	1	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	1	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	1	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	2	1	75	75	NUM
arjefm-84	3	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	3	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	3	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	3	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	3	7	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	3	9	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	10	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	11	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	3	13	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	14	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	3	16	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	3	17	1aimee	1aimee	NUM
arjefm-84	3	18	mahougbe	mahougbe	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	3	20	2achille	2achille	NUM
arjefm-84	3	21	assouto	assouto	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	22	1faculty	1faculty	NUM
arjefm-84	3	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	3	24	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	3	26	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	27	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	28	faseg	faseg	PROPN
arjefm-84	3	29	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	31	university	university	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	3	33	abomey	abomey	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	34	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	35	calavi	calavi	ADJ
arjefm-84	3	36	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	37	uac	uac	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	38	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	39	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	40	2orléans	2orléans	NUM
arjefm-84	3	41	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	42	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	43	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	44	leo	leo	PROPN
arjefm-84	3	45	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	47	university	university	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	48	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	3	49	orléans	orléan	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	50	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	51	cnrs	cnrs	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	53	fre	fre	ADJ
arjefm-84	3	54	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	3	55	abstract	abstract	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	56	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	57	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	3	58	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	59	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	60	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	61	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	3	62	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	3	63	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	64	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	3	65	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	66	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	67	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	3	68	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	3	69	garnered	garner	VERB
arjefm-84	3	70	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	3	71	attention	attention	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	72	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	3	73	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	3	74	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	3	75	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	4	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	4	2	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	3	explores	explore	VERB
arjefm-84	4	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	4	5	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	4	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	8	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	4	10	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	11	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	4	13	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	14	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	4	16	drawing	draw	VERB
arjefm-84	4	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	4	18	established	establish	VERB
arjefm-84	4	19	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	4	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	5	1	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	2	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	3	play	play	VERB
arjefm-84	5	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	5	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
arjefm-84	5	6	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	5	8	advocating	advocate	VERB
arjefm-84	5	9	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	5	10	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	5	11	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	5	13	better	well	ADJ
arjefm-84	5	14	working	working	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	15	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	5	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	5	18	increased	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	5	19	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	20	security	security	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	21	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	5	22	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	5	23	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	5	25	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	5	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	5	27	turn	turn	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	28	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	5	29	implications	implication	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	30	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	5	31	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	32	disparities	disparity	NOUN
arjefm-84	5	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	6	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	6	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	3	aims	aim	VERB
arjefm-84	6	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	6	5	shed	shed	VERB
arjefm-84	6	6	light	light	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	7	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	6	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	6	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	10	employed	employ	VERB
arjefm-84	6	11	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	6	12	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	13	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	6	15	improve	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	6	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	6	17	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	6	18	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	6	19	being	being	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	6	21	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	6	22	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	6	24	including	include	VERB
arjefm-84	6	25	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	26	processes	process	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	27	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	6	28	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	6	30	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	6	31	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	6	33	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	6	34	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	6	35	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	6	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	6	37	use	use	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	6	39	strike	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	40	actions	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	6	41	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	7	1	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	7	2	delving	delve	VERB
arjefm-84	7	3	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	7	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	7	5	functioning	functioning	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	7	7	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	8	markets	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	7	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	7	11	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	7	13	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	14	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	7	16	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	7	17	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	18	contributes	contribute	VERB
arjefm-84	7	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	7	20	our	our	PRON
arjefm-84	7	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	7	23	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	24	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	7	26	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	7	28	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	7	29	economies	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	7	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	3	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	4	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	6	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	7	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	9	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	12	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	14	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	16	strike	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	17	actions	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	18	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	8	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	20	introduction	introduction	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	8	22	functioning	functioning	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	8	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	8	25	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	26	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	8	29	particular	particular	ADJ
arjefm-84	8	30	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	8	31	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	8	33	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	34	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	8	35	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	8	36	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	37	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	38	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	39	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	8	40	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	8	41	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	8	42	subject	subject	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	43	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	8	44	much	much	ADJ
arjefm-84	8	45	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	46	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	8	47	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	8	48	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	49	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	8	50	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	8	51	decades	decade	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	52	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	53	schmidt	schmidt	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	54	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	55	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	8	56	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	57	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	8	58	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	8	59	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	8	60	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	8	61	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	62	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	8	63	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	8	64	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	1	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-84	9	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	9	3	seminal	seminal	ADJ
arjefm-84	9	4	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	9	6	dunlop	dunlop	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	8	1944	1944	NUM
arjefm-84	9	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	11	ross	ross	PROPN
arjefm-84	9	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	13	1948	1948	NUM
arjefm-84	9	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	9	16	lewis	lewis	PROPN
arjefm-84	9	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	18	1963	1963	NUM
arjefm-84	9	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	9	21	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	9	22	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	9	23	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	9	24	accepted	accept	VERB
arjefm-84	9	25	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	9	26	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	27	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	28	contribute	contribute	VERB
arjefm-84	9	29	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	9	30	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	9	31	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	32	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	9	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	9	34	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	9	36	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	9	37	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	38	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	9	39	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	9	40	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	9	41	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	9	42	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	9	43	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	9	44	any	any	DET
arjefm-84	9	45	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	46	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	9	47	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	9	48	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	49	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	9	50	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	9	51	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	9	52	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	10	1	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	10	2	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	10	3	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	11	2	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	11	3	objective	objective	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	11	5	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	6	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	11	8	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	11	9	improve	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	11	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	11	11	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	11	12	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	13	being	being	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	11	15	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	16	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	17	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	11	18	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
arjefm-84	11	19	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	11	20	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	22	better	well	ADJ
arjefm-84	11	23	working	working	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	24	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	11	26	increased	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	11	27	tenure	tenure	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	28	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	29	manda	manda	NOUN
arjefm-84	11	30	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	11	31	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	11	32	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	11	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	34	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	11	35	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	11	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	12	1	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	12	2	achieve	achieve	VERB
arjefm-84	12	3	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	12	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	12	5	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	6	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	7	use	use	VERB
arjefm-84	12	8	many	many	ADJ
arjefm-84	12	9	legal	legal	ADJ
arjefm-84	12	10	means	mean	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	11	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	12	12	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	12	13	disposal	disposal	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	12	15	ranging	range	VERB
arjefm-84	12	16	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	12	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	12	19	discussions	discussion	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	20	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	12	21	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	22	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	12	23	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	12	24	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	25	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	12	26	strike	strike	VERB
arjefm-84	12	27	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	12	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	13	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	13	3	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	4	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	13	5	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	6	activities	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	7	limit	limit	VERB
arjefm-84	13	8	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	13	9	ability	ability	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	13	11	use	use	VERB
arjefm-84	13	12	strikes	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	13	14	gain	gain	VERB
arjefm-84	13	15	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	16	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	13	17	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	13	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	14	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	14	3	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	4	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	14	5	influence	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	14	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	14	7	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	14	9	pay	pay	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	14	11	working	working	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	14	14	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	14	15	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	16	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	14	17	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	14	18	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
arjefm-84	14	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	15	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	15	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	15	3	noted	note	VERB
arjefm-84	15	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	15	5	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	15	6	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
arjefm-84	15	8	lack	lack	VERB
arjefm-84	15	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	15	10	resources	resource	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	11	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	15	12	hire	hire	VERB
arjefm-84	15	13	negotiators	negotiator	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	14	whose	whose	DET
arjefm-84	15	15	skills	skill	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	15	17	capabilities	capability	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	18	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	15	19	comparable	comparable	ADJ
arjefm-84	15	20	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	15	21	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	15	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	15	23	full	full	ADJ
arjefm-84	15	24	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	15	25	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	26	employer	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	27	negotiators	negotiator	NOUN
arjefm-84	15	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	16	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
arjefm-84	16	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	16	3	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	16	5	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	7	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	16	8	required	require	VERB
arjefm-84	16	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	16	10	insist	insist	VERB
arjefm-84	16	11	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	16	12	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	13	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	16	14	demands	demand	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	15	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	16	16	substantial	substantial	ADJ
arjefm-84	16	17	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	16	19	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	20	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	16	21	continue	continue	VERB
arjefm-84	16	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	16	23	enjoy	enjoy	VERB
arjefm-84	16	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	16	25	support	support	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	16	27	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	16	28	rank	rank	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	16	30	file	file	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	31	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	16	32	sandbrook	sandbrook	NOUN
arjefm-84	16	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	16	34	1975	1975	NUM
arjefm-84	16	35	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	16	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
arjefm-84	17	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	17	3	ever	ever	ADV
arjefm-84	17	4	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	5	increasing	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	17	6	body	body	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	17	8	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	17	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	17	11	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	17	13	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	17	15	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	17	17	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	18	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	17	20	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	17	21	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	23	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	17	24	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	17	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	17	27	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	17	29	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	30	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	17	31	incomes	income	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	32	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	17	33	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	17	34	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	17	35	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	36	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	17	37	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	17	38	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	39	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	40	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	17	41	still	still	ADV
arjefm-84	17	42	scarce	scarce	ADJ
arjefm-84	17	43	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	44	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	45	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	17	46	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	48	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	17	49	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	50	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	51	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	52	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	17	53	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	54	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	17	55	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	17	56	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	1	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
arjefm-84	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	3	most	most	ADV
arjefm-84	18	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	18	5	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	18	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	18	8	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	18	10	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	11	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	18	13	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	14	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	18	15	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	18	16	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	18	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	18	18	experiences	experience	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	18	20	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	21	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	22	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	23	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	24	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	18	26	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	28	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	18	30	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	31	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	32	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	18	33	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	34	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	18	35	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	36	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	37	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	38	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	39	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	18	40	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	41	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	42	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	18	43	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	18	44	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	18	45	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	46	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	47	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	48	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	18	49	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	50	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	51	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	52	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	53	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	54	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	55	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	56	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	57	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	18	58	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	59	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	18	60	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	61	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	62	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	63	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	64	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	65	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	18	66	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	18	67	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	68	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	69	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	70	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	18	71	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	72	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	73	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	18	74	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	18	75	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	19	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	19	2	76	76	NUM
arjefm-84	20	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	20	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	20	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	20	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	20	5	e	e	X
arjefm-84	20	6	industrialized	industrialize	VERB
arjefm-84	20	7	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	20	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	20	10	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-84	20	11	attempts	attempt	NOUN
arjefm-84	20	12	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	20	13	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	20	14	made	make	VERB
arjefm-84	20	15	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	20	16	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	20	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	20	18	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-84	20	19	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	20	20	less	less	ADV
arjefm-84	20	21	developed	developed	ADJ
arjefm-84	20	22	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	20	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	20	24	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	20	25	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	20	26	sub	sub	ADJ
arjefm-84	20	27	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	20	28	saharan	saharan	ADJ
arjefm-84	20	29	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	20	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	21	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	21	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	21	3	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	21	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	21	5	argues	argue	VERB
arjefm-84	21	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	21	7	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	21	8	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	21	9	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	21	10	relatively	relatively	ADV
arjefm-84	21	11	little	little	ADJ
arjefm-84	21	12	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	21	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	21	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	21	15	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	21	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	21	17	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	21	18	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	21	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	21	20	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	21	21	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	21	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	22	1	better	well	ADV
arjefm-84	22	2	still	still	ADV
arjefm-84	22	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	22	4	he	he	PRON
arjefm-84	22	5	believes	believe	VERB
arjefm-84	22	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	22	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	22	8	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-84	22	9	works	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	22	10	available	available	ADJ
arjefm-84	22	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	22	12	mainly	mainly	ADV
arjefm-84	22	13	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	22	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	22	15	small	small	ADJ
arjefm-84	22	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	22	17	unrepresentative	unrepresentative	ADJ
arjefm-84	22	18	samples	sample	NOUN
arjefm-84	22	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	23	1	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	23	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	23	3	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	23	4	interesting	interesting	ADJ
arjefm-84	23	5	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	23	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	23	7	studying	study	VERB
arjefm-84	23	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	23	9	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	23	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	23	11	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	23	12	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	23	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	23	14	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	23	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	24	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	24	3	several	several	ADJ
arjefm-84	24	4	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	5	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	24	6	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	24	7	made	make	VERB
arjefm-84	24	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	24	9	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	24	10	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	11	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	24	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	24	13	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
arjefm-84	24	14	framework	framework	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	24	16	including	include	VERB
arjefm-84	24	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	24	18	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	19	code	code	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	24	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	24	22	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	23	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	24	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	24	25	exercise	exercise	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	24	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	24	28	right	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	24	29	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	24	30	strike	strike	VERB
arjefm-84	24	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	25	1	périsse	périsse	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	25	3	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	25	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	25	5	notes	note	VERB
arjefm-84	25	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	25	7	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	25	8	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	9	often	often	ADV
arjefm-84	25	10	stem	stem	VERB
arjefm-84	25	11	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	25	12	endemic	endemic	ADJ
arjefm-84	25	13	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	14	disputes	dispute	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	15	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	25	16	stem	stem	VERB
arjefm-84	25	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	25	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	25	19	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	25	21	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	25	22	concentration	concentration	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	25	24	industries	industry	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	25	26	lowor	lowor	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	27	unskilled	unskilled	ADJ
arjefm-84	25	28	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	29	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	25	30	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	25	31	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	25	32	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	25	33	regulated	regulate	VERB
arjefm-84	25	34	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	25	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	25	36	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	37	code	code	PROPN
arjefm-84	25	38	focused	focus	VERB
arjefm-84	25	39	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	25	40	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	25	41	individual	individual	ADJ
arjefm-84	25	42	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	43	contract	contract	NOUN
arjefm-84	25	44	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	26	1	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	26	3	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	26	4	policy	policy	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	5	reforms	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	26	7	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	26	8	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	26	9	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	10	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	26	12	expected	expect	VERB
arjefm-84	26	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	26	14	both	both	PRON
arjefm-84	26	15	promote	promote	VERB
arjefm-84	26	16	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	26	17	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	18	expansion	expansion	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	26	20	ensure	ensure	VERB
arjefm-84	26	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	26	22	continuity	continuity	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	26	24	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	26	25	services	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	26	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	27	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	27	3	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	27	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	27	5	believed	believe	VERB
arjefm-84	27	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	27	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	27	8	new	new	ADJ
arjefm-84	27	9	environment	environment	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	10	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	27	11	defined	define	VERB
arjefm-84	27	12	seems	seem	VERB
arjefm-84	27	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	27	14	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	27	15	caused	cause	VERB
arjefm-84	27	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	27	17	weakening	weakening	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	27	19	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	20	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	21	power	power	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	22	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-84	27	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	27	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	27	25	right	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	26	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	27	27	strike	strike	VERB
arjefm-84	27	28	abolished	abolish	VERB
arjefm-84	27	29	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	27	30	some	some	DET
arjefm-84	27	31	trades	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	32	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	27	33	reframed	reframe	VERB
arjefm-84	27	34	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	27	35	others	other	NOUN
arjefm-84	27	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	28	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	28	2	relevance	relevance	NOUN
arjefm-84	28	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	28	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	28	5	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	28	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	28	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	28	8	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	28	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	28	10	improving	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	28	11	working	work	VERB
arjefm-84	28	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	28	13	must	must	AUX
arjefm-84	28	14	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	28	15	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	28	16	questioned	question	VERB
arjefm-84	28	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	29	1	torm	torm	PROPN
arjefm-84	29	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	29	3	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	29	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	29	5	questions	question	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	29	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	29	9	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	10	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	11	due	due	ADJ
arjefm-84	29	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	29	13	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	14	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	29	15	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	29	16	marginal	marginal	ADJ
arjefm-84	29	17	independence	independence	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	29	19	employer	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	20	dominance	dominance	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	29	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	29	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	29	24	generally	generally	ADV
arjefm-84	29	25	low	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	29	26	incidence	incidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	27	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	29	28	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	29	29	agreements	agreement	NOUN
arjefm-84	29	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	30	1	amendments	amendment	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	2	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	30	3	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	4	regulations	regulation	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	30	6	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	30	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	30	8	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	30	9	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	10	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
arjefm-84	30	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	30	12	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	30	13	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	30	15	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	30	16	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	30	17	becoming	become	VERB
arjefm-84	30	18	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	30	19	relevant	relevant	ADJ
arjefm-84	30	20	case	case	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	21	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	22	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	30	23	analyzing	analyze	VERB
arjefm-84	30	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	30	25	functioning	functioning	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	30	27	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	28	markets	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	30	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	31	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	31	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	31	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	31	5	evolution	evolution	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	31	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	31	8	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
arjefm-84	31	9	interprofessional	interprofessional	ADJ
arjefm-84	31	10	minimum	minimum	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	31	13	smig	smig	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	31	15	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-84	31	16	1994	1994	NUM
arjefm-84	31	17	reflects	reflect	VERB
arjefm-84	31	18	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	31	19	certain	certain	ADJ
arjefm-84	31	20	upward	upward	ADJ
arjefm-84	31	21	rigidity	rigidity	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	22	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	31	23	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	31	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	32	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	32	3	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	32	4	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	32	5	increased	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	32	6	annually	annually	ADV
arjefm-84	32	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	32	8	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	32	9	average	average	NOUN
arjefm-84	32	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	32	11	cfaf	cfaf	NOUN
arjefm-84	32	12	1,150	1,150	NUM
arjefm-84	32	13	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	32	14	1994	1994	NUM
arjefm-84	32	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	32	16	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-84	32	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	33	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	33	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	33	3	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	4	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	33	5	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	33	6	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-84	33	7	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	33	9	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	10	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	33	11	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	12	shocks	shock	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	33	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	33	15	most	most	ADV
arjefm-84	33	16	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	33	18	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	33	19	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	33	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	33	21	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
arjefm-84	33	22	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	33	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	33	25	russian	russian	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	26	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	33	27	ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	28	conflict	conflict	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	33	30	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	33	31	erosion	erosion	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	33	33	purchasing	purchase	VERB
arjefm-84	33	34	power	power	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	35	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	33	36	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	33	37	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	33	38	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
arjefm-84	33	39	tensions	tension	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	40	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	33	41	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	42	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	33	43	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	33	44	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	34	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	34	2	objective	objective	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	34	4	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	34	5	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	34	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	34	8	assess	assess	VERB
arjefm-84	34	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	34	10	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	11	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	34	13	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	34	15	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	34	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	34	17	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	34	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	35	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	35	2	contribution	contribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	35	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	35	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	35	5	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	35	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	35	7	twofold	twofold	ADJ
arjefm-84	35	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	36	1	first	first	ADV
arjefm-84	36	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	36	3	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	36	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	36	5	one	one	NUM
arjefm-84	36	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	36	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	36	8	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-84	36	9	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	10	exploring	explore	VERB
arjefm-84	36	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	36	12	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	36	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	15	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	36	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	17	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	36	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	36	20	west	west	ADJ
arjefm-84	36	21	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	36	22	sub	sub	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	23	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	24	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	36	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	37	1	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-84	37	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	37	3	known	know	VERB
arjefm-84	37	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	37	5	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	37	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	37	7	about	about	ADP
arjefm-84	37	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	37	9	gains	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	37	10	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	37	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	37	12	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	37	13	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	37	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	37	15	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	37	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	37	17	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	37	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	38	2	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	38	3	dealing	deal	VERB
arjefm-84	38	4	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	38	5	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	38	6	theme	theme	NOUN
arjefm-84	38	7	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	38	8	mostly	mostly	ADV
arjefm-84	38	9	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	38	10	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	38	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	12	keune	keune	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	14	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	38	15	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	16	borland	borland	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	18	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	38	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	20	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	38	21	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	38	22	regions	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	38	23	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	38	24	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	38	25	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	27	liu	liu	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	28	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	29	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	31	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	38	32	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	33	torm	torm	PROPN
arjefm-84	38	34	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	35	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	38	36	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	38	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	39	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	39	2	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	39	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	39	4	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	39	5	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	39	6	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	39	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	40	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	40	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	40	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	40	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	40	5	kenya	kenya	NOUN
arjefm-84	40	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	40	7	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	40	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	40	9	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	40	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	40	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	40	12	senegal	senegal	PROPN
arjefm-84	40	13	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	40	14	exceptions	exception	NOUN
arjefm-84	40	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	41	1	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	41	2	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	41	3	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	41	4	differs	differ	VERB
arjefm-84	41	5	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	41	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	41	7	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	41	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	41	9	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	41	10	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	41	11	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	41	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	41	13	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	41	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	41	15	in	in	SCONJ
arjefm-84	41	16	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	41	17	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	41	18	deals	deal	VERB
arjefm-84	41	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	41	20	all	all	DET
arjefm-84	41	21	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	41	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	41	23	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	41	24	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	41	25	primary	primary	ADJ
arjefm-84	41	26	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	41	27	tertiary	tertiary	ADJ
arjefm-84	41	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	42	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
arjefm-84	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	42	3	unlike	unlike	ADP
arjefm-84	42	4	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	42	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	42	6	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	42	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	42	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	42	9	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	42	10	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	11	uses	use	VERB
arjefm-84	42	12	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	42	13	methodology	methodology	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	42	15	correct	correct	VERB
arjefm-84	42	16	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	42	17	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	42	18	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	42	20	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	42	22	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
arjefm-84	42	23	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	24	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	42	25	may	may	AUX
arjefm-84	42	26	occur	occur	VERB
arjefm-84	42	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	42	28	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	42	29	regressions	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	42	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	43	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	43	2	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	3	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	43	4	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	43	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	43	6	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	43	9	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
arjefm-84	43	10	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	43	11	prompted	prompt	VERB
arjefm-84	43	12	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	43	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	43	14	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	43	16	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	17	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	18	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	43	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	43	21	branch	branch	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	43	23	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	43	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	44	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	44	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	44	4	awareness	awareness	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	44	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	44	7	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	8	inherent	inherent	ADJ
arjefm-84	44	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	44	10	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	11	struggle	struggle	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	12	could	could	AUX
arjefm-84	44	13	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	44	14	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	44	15	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	44	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	44	17	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	18	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	44	19	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	44	21	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	44	23	experience	experience	NOUN
arjefm-84	44	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	45	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	45	2	results	result	VERB
arjefm-84	45	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	45	4	self	self	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	5	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	45	6	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	7	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	45	8	generates	generate	VERB
arjefm-84	45	9	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	10	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	45	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	45	13	failure	failure	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	45	15	take	take	VERB
arjefm-84	45	16	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	45	17	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	45	19	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	45	20	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	45	21	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	45	22	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	45	23	biased	biased	ADJ
arjefm-84	45	24	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	45	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	46	1	second	second	ADV
arjefm-84	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	46	3	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	46	4	consider	consider	VERB
arjefm-84	46	5	duality	duality	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	46	7	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	46	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	46	9	characteristic	characteristic	ADJ
arjefm-84	46	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	46	11	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	12	markets	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	46	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	46	15	majority	majority	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	46	17	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	46	18	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	19	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	46	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	46	21	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	46	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	46	23	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	46	24	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	46	25	coexist	coexist	VERB
arjefm-84	46	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	47	1	taking	take	VERB
arjefm-84	47	2	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	47	3	aspect	aspect	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	4	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	47	5	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	47	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	47	8	particular	particular	ADJ
arjefm-84	47	9	importance	importance	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	10	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-84	47	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	47	12	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	47	13	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	14	occupies	occupy	VERB
arjefm-84	47	15	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	47	16	prominent	prominent	ADJ
arjefm-84	47	17	place	place	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	47	19	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	47	20	economies	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	47	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	47	22	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	47	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	47	24	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	47	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	47	26	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	47	27	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	47	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	47	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	48	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	48	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	48	5	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	48	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	7	about	about	ADV
arjefm-84	48	8	80	80	NUM
arjefm-84	48	9	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	48	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	48	11	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	48	12	work	work	VERB
arjefm-84	48	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	48	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	48	15	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	48	16	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	48	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	18	yedomon	yedomon	NOUN
arjefm-84	48	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	20	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-84	48	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	48	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	49	2	methodological	methodological	ADJ
arjefm-84	49	3	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	4	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	49	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	49	6	achieve	achieve	VERB
arjefm-84	49	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	49	8	objective	objective	ADJ
arjefm-84	49	9	relies	relie	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	10	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	49	11	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	12	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	13	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	14	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	15	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	49	17	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	19	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	49	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	22	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	23	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	49	24	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	25	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	49	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	27	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	28	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	29	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	30	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	49	31	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	32	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	33	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	49	34	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	49	35	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	49	36	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	37	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	38	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	39	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	49	40	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	41	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	42	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	43	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	44	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	45	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	46	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	47	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	48	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	49	49	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	50	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	49	51	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	52	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	53	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	54	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	55	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	56	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	49	57	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	49	58	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	59	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	60	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	61	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	49	62	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	63	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	64	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	49	65	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	49	66	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	50	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	50	2	77	77	NUM
arjefm-84	51	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	51	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	51	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	51	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	6	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	7	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	51	8	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	9	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	10	models	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	11	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	51	12	address	address	VERB
arjefm-84	51	13	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	51	14	issues	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	51	16	selectivity	selectivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	51	18	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	19	bias	bias	NOUN
arjefm-84	51	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	52	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	52	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	3	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	52	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	52	5	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	52	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	52	8	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	9	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	10	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	11	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-84	52	12	affects	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	52	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	52	14	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	52	16	pay	pay	NOUN
arjefm-84	52	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	53	1	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	53	2	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	53	3	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	53	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	53	5	33.06	33.06	NUM
arjefm-84	53	6	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	53	7	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	53	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	53	9	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	53	10	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	53	11	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	53	12	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	53	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	53	14	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	53	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	54	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	54	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	54	4	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	54	5	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	54	7	influenced	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	54	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	54	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	54	10	skill	skill	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	11	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	54	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	54	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	15	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	54	16	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	54	17	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	54	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	54	19	length	length	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	54	21	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	22	spent	spend	VERB
arjefm-84	54	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	54	24	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	54	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	55	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	55	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	55	3	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	55	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-84	55	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	55	6	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	55	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	55	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	55	9	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	55	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	55	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	55	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	55	13	most	most	ADV
arjefm-84	55	14	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	55	15	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	55	16	unionize	unionize	VERB
arjefm-84	55	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	56	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	56	2	rest	rest	NOUN
arjefm-84	56	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	56	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	56	5	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	56	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	56	7	organized	organize	VERB
arjefm-84	56	8	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	56	9	follows	follow	VERB
arjefm-84	56	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	57	1	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	2	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	57	3	presents	present	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	4	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	57	5	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	57	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
arjefm-84	57	7	framework	framework	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	57	9	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-84	57	10	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	11	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	57	12	summarizes	summarize	VERB
arjefm-84	57	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	57	14	available	available	ADJ
arjefm-84	57	15	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	16	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	57	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	57	18	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	57	20	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	22	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	57	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	58	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	58	2	fourth	fourth	ADJ
arjefm-84	58	3	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	58	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	58	5	devoted	devote	VERB
arjefm-84	58	6	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	58	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	58	8	description	description	NOUN
arjefm-84	58	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	58	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	58	11	methodological	methodological	ADJ
arjefm-84	58	12	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-84	58	13	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	58	14	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	58	15	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	58	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	58	17	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	58	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	59	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	59	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	59	3	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	59	4	discussions	discussion	NOUN
arjefm-84	59	5	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	59	6	discussed	discuss	VERB
arjefm-84	59	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	59	8	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	59	9	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	59	10	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-84	59	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	59	12	last	last	ADJ
arjefm-84	59	13	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	59	14	concludes	conclude	VERB
arjefm-84	59	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	1	2	2	X
arjefm-84	60	2	.	.	X
arjefm-84	60	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	4	framework	framework	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	60	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	8	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	9	movement	movement	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	60	11	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	13	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	14	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	15	movement	movement	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	60	17	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	18	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	60	19	historically	historically	ADV
arjefm-84	60	20	linked	link	VERB
arjefm-84	60	21	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	60	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	23	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	24	characteristic	characteristic	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	25	phases	phase	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	60	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	28	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	29	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	60	30	political	political	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	31	history	history	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	33	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	60	34	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	35	pre	pre	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	36	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	37	independence	independence	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	38	period	period	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	39	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	60	40	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	41	post	post	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	42	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	43	conference	conference	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	44	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	60	45	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	60	46	nation	nation	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	47	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	60	48	vital	vital	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	49	forces	force	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	50	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	60	51	february	february	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	52	1990	1990	NUM
arjefm-84	60	53	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	54	marked	mark	VERB
arjefm-84	60	55	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	60	56	multiple	multiple	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	57	structural	structural	ADJ
arjefm-84	60	58	reforms	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	60	59	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	60	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	61	ebert	ebert	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	62	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
arjefm-84	60	63	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	64	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-84	60	65	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	60	66	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	61	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	61	2	beninese	beninese	PROPN
arjefm-84	61	3	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	4	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	5	landscape	landscape	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	6	underwent	undergo	VERB
arjefm-84	61	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	61	8	major	major	ADJ
arjefm-84	61	9	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	61	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	61	12	1990s	1990	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	61	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	61	15	emergence	emergence	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	61	17	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	18	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	19	pluralism	pluralism	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	61	21	thanks	thank	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	22	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	61	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	61	24	full	full	ADJ
arjefm-84	61	25	multiparty	multiparty	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	26	system	system	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	27	devoted	devote	VERB
arjefm-84	61	28	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	61	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	61	30	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-84	61	31	conference	conference	NOUN
arjefm-84	61	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	61	33	february	february	PROPN
arjefm-84	61	34	1990	1990	NUM
arjefm-84	61	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	62	1	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	2	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	62	3	pluralism	pluralism	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	62	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	62	6	harmony	harmony	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	7	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	62	8	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	62	9	’s	’s	PART
arjefm-84	62	10	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	11	regulations	regulation	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	62	13	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	62	14	recognize	recognize	VERB
arjefm-84	62	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	62	16	right	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	62	18	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	62	20	form	form	VERB
arjefm-84	62	21	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	62	22	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	62	23	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	24	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	62	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	63	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	63	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	63	3	era	era	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	63	5	democratic	democratic	ADJ
arjefm-84	63	6	renewal	renewal	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	63	8	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	63	9	was	be	VERB
arjefm-84	63	10	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	63	11	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	63	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	63	14	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	63	16	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	17	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	18	organized	organize	VERB
arjefm-84	63	19	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	63	20	federations	federation	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	21	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	63	22	confederations	confederation	NOUN
arjefm-84	63	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	64	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	64	2	danish	danish	PROPN
arjefm-84	64	3	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	64	4	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	64	5	development	development	PROPN
arjefm-84	64	6	agency	agency	PROPN
arjefm-84	64	7	counts	count	VERB
arjefm-84	64	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	64	9	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-84	64	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	64	11	eight	eight	NUM
arjefm-84	64	12	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	64	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	64	14	confederations	confederation	NOUN
arjefm-84	64	15	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	64	16	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	64	17	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	64	18	500	500	NUM
arjefm-84	64	19	affiliated	affiliated	ADJ
arjefm-84	64	20	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	64	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	65	1	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	65	2	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	65	3	operate	operate	VERB
arjefm-84	65	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	65	5	both	both	CCONJ
arjefm-84	65	6	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	65	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	65	8	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	65	9	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	65	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	66	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	66	2	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	66	3	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	66	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	66	5	characterized	characterize	VERB
arjefm-84	66	6	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	66	7	strong	strong	ADJ
arjefm-84	66	8	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	66	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	67	1	environ	environ	PROPN
arjefm-84	67	2	75	75	NUM
arjefm-84	67	3	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	67	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	67	5	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	67	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	67	7	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	67	8	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	67	9	belonged	belong	VERB
arjefm-84	67	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	67	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	67	12	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	67	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	67	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	67	15	early	early	ADJ
arjefm-84	67	16	2010s	2010s	NUM
arjefm-84	67	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	68	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	68	3	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	68	4	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	68	5	accounted	account	VERB
arjefm-84	68	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	68	7	only	only	ADV
arjefm-84	68	8	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	68	9	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	68	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	68	11	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-84	68	12	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	68	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	1	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	69	2	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	69	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	69	4	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	69	5	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	8	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	9	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	10	began	begin	VERB
arjefm-84	69	11	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	69	12	covering	cover	VERB
arjefm-84	69	13	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	69	15	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	69	16	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	17	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	69	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	69	19	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	69	21	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	69	22	confederation	confederation	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	23	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
arjefm-84	69	24	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	69	25	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	69	26	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	28	namely	namely	ADV
arjefm-84	69	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	69	30	“	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	31	centrale	centrale	X
arjefm-84	69	32	des	des	X
arjefm-84	69	33	syndicats	syndicats	X
arjefm-84	69	34	du	du	PROPN
arjefm-84	69	35	privé	privé	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	36	et	et	X
arjefm-84	69	37	de	de	X
arjefm-84	69	38	l’informel	l’informel	PROPN
arjefm-84	69	39	du	du	PROPN
arjefm-84	69	40	bénin	bénin	PROPN
arjefm-84	69	41	”	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	42	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	43	cspib	cspib	ADJ
arjefm-84	69	44	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	69	45	even	even	ADV
arjefm-84	69	46	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	69	47	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	69	48	latter	latter	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	49	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	69	50	seen	see	VERB
arjefm-84	69	51	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	69	52	decline	decline	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	53	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	69	54	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	69	55	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	56	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	69	57	its	its	PRON
arjefm-84	69	58	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	69	59	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	70	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	4	23	23	NUM
arjefm-84	70	5	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	70	7	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	8	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	70	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	70	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	70	11	national	national	PROPN
arjefm-84	70	12	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	70	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	70	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	15	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	70	16	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	70	18	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	70	19	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	20	unstb	unstb	ADJ
arjefm-84	70	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	22	operate	operate	VERB
arjefm-84	70	23	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	70	24	organized	organize	VERB
arjefm-84	70	25	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	26	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	70	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	70	28	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	70	29	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	30	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	31	dtuda	dtuda	NOUN
arjefm-84	70	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	33	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-84	70	34	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	70	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	71	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	71	2	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	71	3	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	4	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	71	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	71	6	strong	strong	ADJ
arjefm-84	71	7	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	8	characterized	characterize	VERB
arjefm-84	71	9	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	71	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	71	11	preponderance	preponderance	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	71	13	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	71	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	71	16	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	17	subsector	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	18	followed	follow	VERB
arjefm-84	71	19	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	71	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	71	21	health	health	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	22	subsector	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	71	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	72	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	72	2	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	3	subsector	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	4	alone	alone	ADV
arjefm-84	72	5	accounts	account	VERB
arjefm-84	72	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	72	7	nearly	nearly	ADV
arjefm-84	72	8	40	40	NUM
arjefm-84	72	9	per	per	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	10	cent	cent	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	72	12	rank	rank	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	13	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	72	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	72	15	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	72	16	file	file	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	17	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	72	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	72	20	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	72	21	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	72	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	73	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	73	2	importance	importance	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	73	4	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	73	6	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	73	8	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-84	73	9	both	both	PRON
arjefm-84	73	10	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	73	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	73	12	large	large	ADJ
arjefm-84	73	13	proportion	proportion	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	73	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	16	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	73	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	73	18	all	all	DET
arjefm-84	73	19	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	73	20	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	21	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	73	23	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	73	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	73	25	visibility	visibility	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	73	27	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	73	28	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	29	actions	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	73	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	4	staff	staff	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	7	ministries	ministry	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	10	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	74	11	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	13	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	15	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	74	16	shown	show	VERB
arjefm-84	74	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	74	18	figure	figure	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	19	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	74	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	21	represented	represent	VERB
arjefm-84	74	22	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	74	23	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	74	24	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	74	25	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	74	26	50	50	NUM
arjefm-84	74	27	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	30	civil	civil	ADJ
arjefm-84	74	31	staff	staff	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	34	state	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	35	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	36	ministry	ministry	PROPN
arjefm-84	74	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	74	38	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	74	39	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	74	40	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	74	41	public	public	PROPN
arjefm-84	74	42	federation	federation	PROPN
arjefm-84	74	43	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	44	mtfp	mtfp	PROPN
arjefm-84	74	45	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	46	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	47	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	74	48	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	74	49	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	75	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	75	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	75	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	75	5	strike	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	6	movements	movement	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	7	usually	usually	ADV
arjefm-84	75	8	called	call	VERB
arjefm-84	75	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	75	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	75	11	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	12	subsector	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	13	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	75	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	75	15	particularity	particularity	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	75	17	affecting	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	75	18	most	most	ADJ
arjefm-84	75	19	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	75	20	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	21	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	75	22	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	75	23	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	75	24	children	child	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	25	enrolled	enrol	VERB
arjefm-84	75	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	75	27	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	75	28	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	75	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	76	2	health	health	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	3	subsector	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	4	comes	come	VERB
arjefm-84	76	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	76	6	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-84	76	7	place	place	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	8	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	76	9	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	76	10	total	total	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	76	12	fortythree	fortythree	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	14	43	43	NUM
arjefm-84	76	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	16	rank	rank	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	76	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	20	file	file	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	21	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	22	divided	divide	VERB
arjefm-84	76	23	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	76	24	corporatist	corporatist	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	25	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	76	27	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-84	76	28	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	29	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	76	30	representative	representative	ADJ
arjefm-84	76	31	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	76	33	departmental	departmental	ADJ
arjefm-84	76	34	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	76	35	university	university	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	36	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
arjefm-84	76	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	77	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	77	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	3	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	77	4	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	77	5	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	77	6	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	77	7	subsectors	subsector	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	77	9	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	77	10	are	be	VERB
arjefm-84	77	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	77	12	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	77	13	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	77	15	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	16	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	77	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	77	19	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	77	20	administration	administration	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	77	22	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	77	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	77	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	77	25	various	various	ADJ
arjefm-84	77	26	ministerial	ministerial	ADJ
arjefm-84	77	27	departments	department	NOUN
arjefm-84	77	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	78	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	78	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	79	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	79	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	79	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	79	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	79	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	79	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	79	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	79	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	79	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	79	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	79	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	80	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	80	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	80	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	80	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	80	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	80	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	80	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	80	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	80	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	80	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	81	1	78	78	NUM
arjefm-84	82	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	82	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	82	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	82	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	6	figure	figure	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	7	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	82	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	82	9	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	82	11	civilian	civilian	ADJ
arjefm-84	82	12	government	government	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	13	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	14	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	82	15	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	82	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	82	17	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	82	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	82	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	82	20	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	82	21	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	82	23	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	24	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	82	25	contrast	contrast	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	26	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	82	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	82	28	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	82	29	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	82	31	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	82	32	is	be	VERB
arjefm-84	82	33	low	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	82	34	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	35	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	82	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	82	37	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	82	38	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	82	39	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	83	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	83	2	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	83	3	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	83	4	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	83	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	83	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	83	7	distinction	distinction	NOUN
arjefm-84	83	8	must	must	AUX
arjefm-84	83	9	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	83	10	made	make	VERB
arjefm-84	83	11	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	83	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	83	13	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	83	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	83	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	83	16	formal	formal	NOUN
arjefm-84	83	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	84	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	84	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	84	3	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	84	4	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	84	5	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	84	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	8	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	9	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	84	10	mainly	mainly	ADV
arjefm-84	84	11	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
arjefm-84	84	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	84	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	84	14	cement	cement	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	15	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	84	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	84	18	banking	banking	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	19	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	84	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	84	22	press	press	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	84	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	84	25	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	26	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	84	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	85	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	85	3	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	85	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-84	85	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	85	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	85	8	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	85	9	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	85	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	85	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	12	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	85	13	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	85	14	made	make	VERB
arjefm-84	85	15	up	up	ADP
arjefm-84	85	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	85	17	actors	actor	NOUN
arjefm-84	85	18	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	85	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	85	20	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
arjefm-84	85	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	85	22	craft	craft	NOUN
arjefm-84	85	23	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	85	24	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	25	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
arjefm-84	85	26	ebert	ebert	PROPN
arjefm-84	85	27	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
arjefm-84	85	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	29	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-84	85	30	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	85	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	86	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	86	2	low	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	86	3	visibility	visibility	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	86	5	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	7	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	86	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	86	10	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	86	11	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	12	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	86	13	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	86	14	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-84	86	15	either	either	CCONJ
arjefm-84	86	16	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	86	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	86	18	relative	relative	ADJ
arjefm-84	86	19	success	success	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	86	21	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	86	22	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	23	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	86	24	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	86	25	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	86	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	86	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	86	30	texts	text	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	31	governing	govern	VERB
arjefm-84	86	32	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	33	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	86	34	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	86	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	87	1	although	although	SCONJ
arjefm-84	87	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	87	3	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	4	state	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	5	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	87	6	adopted	adopt	VERB
arjefm-84	87	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	87	8	political	political	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	87	10	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	11	framework	framework	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	12	favorable	favorable	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	13	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	87	14	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	87	15	development	development	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	87	17	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	18	unionism	unionism	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	87	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	87	21	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	22	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	87	23	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	87	24	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ
arjefm-84	87	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	88	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	88	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	88	3	due	due	ADJ
arjefm-84	88	4	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	88	5	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	88	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	88	8	strong	strong	ADJ
arjefm-84	88	9	presence	presence	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	88	11	women	woman	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	88	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	88	14	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	88	16	awareness	awareness	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	88	18	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	19	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	88	20	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	88	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	89	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	89	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	89	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	89	4	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	89	5	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	89	6	remains	remain	VERB
arjefm-84	89	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	89	8	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	89	9	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	89	10	providing	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	89	11	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	89	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	89	14	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	89	15	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	89	16	80	80	NUM
arjefm-84	89	17	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	89	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	89	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	89	20	workforce	workforce	NOUN
arjefm-84	89	21	employed	employ	VERB
arjefm-84	89	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	90	2	should	should	AUX
arjefm-84	90	3	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	90	4	noted	note	VERB
arjefm-84	90	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	6	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	90	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	90	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	90	10	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	90	11	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	90	12	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	90	13	experiencing	experience	VERB
arjefm-84	90	14	slow	slow	ADJ
arjefm-84	90	15	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	90	16	increasing	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	90	17	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	90	18	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	90	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	90	20	emergence	emergence	NOUN
arjefm-84	90	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	90	22	large	large	ADJ
arjefm-84	90	23	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	90	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	25	even	even	ADV
arjefm-84	90	26	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	90	27	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	90	28	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	90	29	limited	limit	VERB
arjefm-84	90	30	influence	influence	NOUN
arjefm-84	90	31	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	32	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
arjefm-84	90	33	ebert	ebert	PROPN
arjefm-84	90	34	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
arjefm-84	90	35	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	36	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-84	90	37	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	90	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	91	1	all	all	ADV
arjefm-84	91	2	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	91	3	all	all	PRON
arjefm-84	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	91	5	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	91	6	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	91	7	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	8	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	91	9	seen	see	VERB
arjefm-84	91	10	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	91	11	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	91	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	91	14	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	91	16	rank	rank	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	91	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	91	19	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	91	20	file	file	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	21	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	22	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	91	23	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	91	24	decades	decade	NOUN
arjefm-84	91	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	92	1	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	92	2	are	be	VERB
arjefm-84	92	3	eight	eight	NUM
arjefm-84	92	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	92	5	08	08	NUM
arjefm-84	92	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	92	7	confederations	confederation	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	8	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	92	9	took	take	VERB
arjefm-84	92	10	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	92	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	92	13	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	92	14	professional	professional	ADJ
arjefm-84	92	15	elections	election	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	16	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	92	17	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	92	18	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	92	19	674	674	NUM
arjefm-84	92	20	rank	rank	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	21	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	92	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	92	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	92	24	file	file	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	25	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	92	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	93	1	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	93	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	93	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	93	4	eight	eight	NUM
arjefm-84	93	5	confederations	confederation	NOUN
arjefm-84	93	6	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	93	7	elected	elect	VERB
arjefm-84	93	8	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	93	9	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	93	10	interlocutors	interlocutor	NOUN
arjefm-84	93	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	93	12	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	93	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	93	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	93	15	state	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	93	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	94	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	94	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	94	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	94	4	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	5	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	94	7	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	8	fell	fall	VERB
arjefm-84	94	9	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	94	10	four	four	NUM
arjefm-84	94	11	percentage	percentage	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	12	points	point	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	13	during	during	ADP
arjefm-84	94	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	94	15	2010s	2010s	NUM
arjefm-84	94	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	94	17	falling	fall	VERB
arjefm-84	94	18	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	94	19	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	94	20	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	21	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	94	22	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-84	94	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	94	24	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	94	25	relatively	relatively	ADV
arjefm-84	94	26	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	94	27	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	28	compared	compare	VERB
arjefm-84	94	29	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	94	30	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	94	31	west	west	ADJ
arjefm-84	94	32	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	94	33	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	94	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	95	1	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	95	2	is	be	VERB
arjefm-84	95	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	95	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	95	5	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
arjefm-84	95	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	95	7	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	95	8	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	95	9	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
arjefm-84	95	10	operating	operate	VERB
arjefm-84	95	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	95	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	95	13	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	95	14	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	95	15	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	95	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	95	17	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	95	18	objectives	objective	NOUN
arjefm-84	95	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	96	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	96	2	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	96	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	96	5	war	war	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	96	7	leadership	leadership	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	96	9	political	political	ADJ
arjefm-84	96	10	clientelism	clientelism	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	96	12	internal	internal	ADJ
arjefm-84	96	13	governance	governance	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	14	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	15	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	96	16	relegate	relegate	VERB
arjefm-84	96	17	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	96	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	96	19	background	background	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	96	21	mission	mission	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	96	23	defending	defend	VERB
arjefm-84	96	24	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	25	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	96	26	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	96	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	97	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
arjefm-84	97	2	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	97	4	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	97	6	governance	governance	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	97	8	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	9	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	10	struggles	struggle	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	11	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	97	12	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	97	13	decades	decade	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	14	produced	produce	VERB
arjefm-84	97	15	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	97	16	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	97	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	97	18	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	97	19	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	97	21	some	some	DET
arjefm-84	97	22	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	97	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	98	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	98	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	98	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	98	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	98	6	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	98	7	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	98	9	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	10	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	11	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	98	12	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	98	13	granted	grant	VERB
arjefm-84	98	14	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	98	15	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	98	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	98	18	index	index	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	19	point	point	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	20	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	98	21	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	22	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	98	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	98	24	government	government	NOUN
arjefm-84	98	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	99	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	99	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	99	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	99	5	salary	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	6	index	index	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	99	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	99	10	primary	primary	ADJ
arjefm-84	99	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	99	12	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-84	99	13	school	school	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
arjefm-84	99	15	increased	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	99	16	1.25fold	1.25fold	NUM
arjefm-84	99	17	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	99	18	january	january	PROPN
arjefm-84	99	19	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	99	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	1	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-84	100	2	october	october	PROPN
arjefm-84	100	3	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	100	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	5	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	100	6	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	8	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	100	9	benefited	benefit	VERB
arjefm-84	100	10	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	100	11	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	100	12	improvement	improvement	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	100	14	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	100	15	index	index	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	16	point	point	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	18	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	100	19	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	100	20	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	100	21	multiplied	multiply	VERB
arjefm-84	100	22	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-84	100	23	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	100	24	grade	grade	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	25	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	100	26	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	27	ranging	range	VERB
arjefm-84	100	28	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	100	29	1.5	1.5	NUM
arjefm-84	100	30	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	100	31	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	100	32	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	33	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	100	34	directorate	directorate	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	100	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	100	37	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	100	38	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	39	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	100	40	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	100	41	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	101	1	similar	similar	ADJ
arjefm-84	101	2	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	101	3	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	101	4	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	101	5	granted	grant	VERB
arjefm-84	101	6	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	101	7	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	101	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	101	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	101	10	ministry	ministry	PROPN
arjefm-84	101	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	101	12	finance	finance	PROPN
arjefm-84	101	13	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	101	14	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	101	15	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	101	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	101	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	101	18	corporation	corporation	NOUN
arjefm-84	101	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	101	20	magistrates	magistrate	NOUN
arjefm-84	101	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	102	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	102	2	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	102	3	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	102	4	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	102	5	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	102	6	achieved	achieve	VERB
arjefm-84	102	7	following	follow	VERB
arjefm-84	102	8	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	102	9	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	102	10	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	102	12	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	102	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	102	14	mtfp	mtfp	PROPN
arjefm-84	102	15	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	102	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	102	17	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	102	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	102	19	44903	44903	NUM
arjefm-84	102	20	44811	44811	NUM
arjefm-84	102	21	44811	44811	NUM
arjefm-84	102	22	44688	44688	NUM
arjefm-84	102	23	43611	43611	NUM
arjefm-84	102	24	44542	44542	NUM
arjefm-84	102	25	47912	47912	NUM
arjefm-84	102	26	66144	66144	NUM
arjefm-84	102	27	70475	70475	NUM
arjefm-84	102	28	70494	70494	NUM
arjefm-84	102	29	69041	69041	NUM
arjefm-84	102	30	73090	73090	NUM
arjefm-84	102	31	72285	72285	NUM
arjefm-84	102	32	77546	77546	NUM
arjefm-84	102	33	0	0	NUM
arjefm-84	102	34	50000	50000	NUM
arjefm-84	102	35	100000	100000	NUM
arjefm-84	102	36	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	102	37	2012	2012	NUM
arjefm-84	102	38	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	102	39	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	102	40	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-84	102	41	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-84	102	42	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	102	43	trois	trois	PROPN
arjefm-84	102	44	ordres	ordres	PROPN
arjefm-84	102	45	d'enseignement	d'enseignement	PROPN
arjefm-84	102	46	total	total	NOUN
arjefm-84	102	47	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	102	48	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	103	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	103	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	103	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	103	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	103	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	103	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	103	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	103	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	103	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	36	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	103	37	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	103	39	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	103	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	103	46	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	103	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	103	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	103	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	104	1	79	79	NUM
arjefm-84	105	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	105	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	105	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	105	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	105	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	105	6	numerous	numerous	ADJ
arjefm-84	105	7	strikes	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	105	8	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	105	9	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	105	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	105	11	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	105	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	105	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	105	14	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	105	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	106	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	106	2	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	106	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	106	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	106	5	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	106	6	directorate	directorate	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	106	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	106	9	economy	economy	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	10	estimates	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	106	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	106	12	losses	loss	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	13	induced	induce	VERB
arjefm-84	106	14	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	106	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	106	16	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	106	17	strike	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	18	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	106	19	around	around	ADP
arjefm-84	106	20	94,189,680,000	94,189,680,000	NUM
arjefm-84	106	21	fcfa	fcfa	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	106	23	33,747,624,076	33,747,624,076	NUM
arjefm-84	106	24	fcfa	fcfa	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	25	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	106	26	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	106	27	gdp	gdp	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	106	29	tax	tax	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	30	revenues	revenue	NOUN
arjefm-84	106	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	107	1	following	follow	VERB
arjefm-84	107	2	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	107	3	inventory	inventory	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	107	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	107	6	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	8	struggle	struggle	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	107	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	107	11	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	107	12	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	13	undertook	undertake	VERB
arjefm-84	107	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	107	15	reform	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	16	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	107	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	107	18	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	107	20	reorganizing	reorganize	VERB
arjefm-84	107	21	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	22	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	23	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	107	24	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	107	25	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	107	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	108	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	108	2	reform	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	3	consisted	consist	VERB
arjefm-84	108	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	108	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	108	6	adoption	adoption	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	108	8	new	new	ADJ
arjefm-84	108	9	laws	law	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	108	11	regulate	regulate	VERB
arjefm-84	108	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	108	13	right	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	108	15	strike	strike	VERB
arjefm-84	108	16	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	108	17	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	108	18	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	108	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	108	20	scope	scope	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	108	22	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	108	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	108	25	various	various	ADJ
arjefm-84	108	26	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	27	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	28	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	108	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	109	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	109	5	national	national	PROPN
arjefm-84	109	6	council	council	PROPN
arjefm-84	109	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	109	8	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	109	9	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	11	cnds	cnds	PROPN
arjefm-84	109	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	13	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	109	14	created	create	VERB
arjefm-84	109	15	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	109	16	decree	decree	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	109	18	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	109	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	109	20	ensure	ensure	VERB
arjefm-84	109	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	109	22	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	109	24	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	109	26	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	109	27	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	28	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	109	29	socio	socio	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	30	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	31	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	109	32	issues	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	109	34	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-84	109	35	interest	interest	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	36	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	109	37	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	109	38	state	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	39	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	109	40	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	41	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	109	42	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	43	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	109	44	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	110	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	110	2	cnds	cnd	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	3	introduced	introduce	VERB
arjefm-84	110	4	changes	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	110	6	hiring	hiring	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	110	8	placement	placement	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	110	10	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	110	12	termination	termination	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	110	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	110	15	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	16	contract	contract	NOUN
arjefm-84	110	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	111	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	111	2	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	111	3	dissolved	dissolve	VERB
arjefm-84	111	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	111	5	2022	2022	NUM
arjefm-84	111	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	111	7	replaced	replace	VERB
arjefm-84	111	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	111	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	111	10	national	national	PROPN
arjefm-84	111	11	commission	commission	PROPN
arjefm-84	111	12	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	111	13	consultation	consultation	NOUN
arjefm-84	111	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	111	15	consultation	consultation	NOUN
arjefm-84	111	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	111	17	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	111	18	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
arjefm-84	111	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	112	1	another	another	DET
arjefm-84	112	2	reform	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	3	concerns	concern	VERB
arjefm-84	112	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	112	5	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	112	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	112	8	exercise	exercise	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	112	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	112	11	right	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	112	13	strike	strike	VERB
arjefm-84	112	14	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	112	15	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	112	16	amended	amend	VERB
arjefm-84	112	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	112	18	limiting	limit	VERB
arjefm-84	112	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	112	20	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-84	112	21	duration	duration	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	112	23	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	112	24	strike	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	25	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	112	26	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	112	27	days	day	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	28	per	per	ADP
arjefm-84	112	29	year	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	30	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	112	31	all	all	DET
arjefm-84	112	32	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	112	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	1	several	several	ADJ
arjefm-84	113	2	groups	group	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	113	4	banned	ban	VERB
arjefm-84	113	5	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	113	6	strikes	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	8	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	113	9	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	113	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	113	11	military	military	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	13	paramilitaries	paramilitary	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	15	police	police	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	17	customs	custom	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	19	water	water	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	21	forests	forest	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	23	hunting	hunting	NOUN
arjefm-84	113	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	113	25	etc	etc	X
arjefm-84	113	26	.	.	X
arjefm-84	113	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	114	1	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	114	2	health	health	NOUN
arjefm-84	114	3	personnel	personnel	NOUN
arjefm-84	114	4	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	115	1	another	another	DET
arjefm-84	115	2	provision	provision	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	3	provides	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	115	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	115	5	strikes	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	6	motivated	motivate	VERB
arjefm-84	115	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	115	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	115	9	violation	violation	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	115	11	universally	universally	ADV
arjefm-84	115	12	recognized	recognize	VERB
arjefm-84	115	13	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	14	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	15	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	16	may	may	AUX
arjefm-84	115	17	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	115	18	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	115	19	deducted	deduct	VERB
arjefm-84	115	20	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	115	21	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	22	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	115	23	danish	danish	ADJ
arjefm-84	115	24	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	115	25	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	115	26	development	development	PROPN
arjefm-84	115	27	agency	agency	NOUN
arjefm-84	115	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	115	29	202	202	NUM
arjefm-84	115	30	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	115	31	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	115	32	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	115	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	116	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	116	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	116	3	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	116	4	implemented	implement	VERB
arjefm-84	116	5	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	116	6	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	116	7	interpreted	interpret	VERB
arjefm-84	116	8	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	116	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	116	10	consequence	consequence	NOUN
arjefm-84	116	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	116	12	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	116	13	adverse	adverse	ADJ
arjefm-84	116	14	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	116	15	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	116	16	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	116	17	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	116	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	117	1	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	117	2	analyzed	analyze	VERB
arjefm-84	117	3	fromthis	fromthis	DET
arjefm-84	117	4	point	point	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	117	6	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	117	8	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	117	9	would	would	AUX
arjefm-84	117	10	obscure	obscure	VERB
arjefm-84	117	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	117	12	ability	ability	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	117	14	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	15	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	16	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	117	17	improve	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	117	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	117	19	living	living	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	20	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	117	22	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	117	24	who	who	PRON
arjefm-84	117	25	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	117	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	117	27	turn	turn	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	28	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	117	29	encouraged	encourage	VERB
arjefm-84	117	30	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	117	31	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	117	32	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	117	33	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	117	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	118	1	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	118	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	3	then	then	ADV
arjefm-84	118	4	raise	raise	VERB
arjefm-84	118	5	questions	question	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	6	about	about	ADP
arjefm-84	118	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	118	8	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	118	10	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	12	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	118	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	118	15	various	various	ADJ
arjefm-84	118	16	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	118	18	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	118	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	118	20	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	118	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	119	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	119	2	idea	idea	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	119	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	119	5	compare	compare	VERB
arjefm-84	119	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	119	7	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	119	9	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	119	10	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	12	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	13	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	119	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	119	15	lives	life	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	119	17	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	119	18	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	119	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	119	21	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	22	provided	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	119	23	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	119	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	119	25	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	119	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	1	3	3	X
arjefm-84	120	2	.	.	X
arjefm-84	120	3	literature	literature	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	4	review	review	VERB
arjefm-84	120	5	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	120	6	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	7	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	120	8	failed	fail	VERB
arjefm-84	120	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	120	10	identify	identify	VERB
arjefm-84	120	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	120	12	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	120	13	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	120	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	120	16	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	120	18	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	19	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	120	20	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	21	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	22	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	24	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	120	25	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	120	26	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	120	27	led	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	120	28	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	120	29	new	new	ADJ
arjefm-84	120	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	31	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
arjefm-84	120	32	surprising	surprising	ADJ
arjefm-84	120	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	34	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	35	about	about	ADP
arjefm-84	120	36	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-84	120	37	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	38	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	120	39	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	40	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	41	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	42	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	120	43	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	44	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	45	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	120	46	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	47	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	120	48	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	49	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	50	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	52	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	120	53	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	54	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	55	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	56	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	120	57	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	58	liu	liu	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	59	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	60	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	61	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	62	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	63	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	120	64	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	65	yao	yao	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	66	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	120	67	zhong	zhong	PROPN
arjefm-84	120	68	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	69	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	120	70	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	120	71	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	121	1	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	121	2	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	3	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	121	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	5	probably	probably	ADV
arjefm-84	121	6	vary	vary	VERB
arjefm-84	121	7	too	too	ADV
arjefm-84	121	8	much	much	ADV
arjefm-84	121	9	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	121	10	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	11	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	121	12	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	121	14	allow	allow	VERB
arjefm-84	121	15	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	121	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	121	17	single	single	ADJ
arjefm-84	121	18	generalization	generalization	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	121	20	may	may	AUX
arjefm-84	121	21	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	121	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	121	23	reason	reason	NOUN
arjefm-84	121	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	122	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	122	2	absence	absence	NOUN
arjefm-84	122	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	122	4	such	such	DET
arjefm-84	122	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	122	6	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	122	7	law	law	NOUN
arjefm-84	122	8	leads	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	122	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	122	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	122	11	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	122	12	measured	measured	ADJ
arjefm-84	122	13	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-84	122	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	122	15	what	what	PRON
arjefm-84	122	16	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	122	17	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	122	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	123	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	123	2	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
arjefm-84	123	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	123	4	previous	previous	ADJ
arjefm-84	123	5	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	123	6	proposed	propose	VERB
arjefm-84	123	7	here	here	ADV
arjefm-84	123	8	first	first	ADV
arjefm-84	123	9	examines	examine	VERB
arjefm-84	123	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	123	11	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	123	12	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
arjefm-84	123	13	framework	framework	NOUN
arjefm-84	123	14	before	before	ADP
arjefm-84	123	15	highlighting	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	123	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	123	17	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	123	18	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	123	19	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	123	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	123	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	123	22	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	123	23	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	123	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	124	1	economists	economist	NOUN
arjefm-84	124	2	use	use	VERB
arjefm-84	124	3	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	124	4	types	type	NOUN
arjefm-84	124	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	124	6	theories	theory	NOUN
arjefm-84	124	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	124	8	analyze	analyze	VERB
arjefm-84	124	9	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	124	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	124	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	125	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	125	2	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	125	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	125	4	which	which	DET
arjefm-84	125	5	freeman	freeman	NOUN
arjefm-84	125	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	125	7	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	125	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	125	9	calls	call	VERB
arjefm-84	125	10	distortions	distortion	NOUN
arjefm-84	125	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	125	12	suggests	suggest	VERB
arjefm-84	125	13	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	125	14	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	125	15	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
arjefm-84	125	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	125	17	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
arjefm-84	125	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	125	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	125	20	competitive	competitive	ADJ
arjefm-84	125	21	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	125	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	126	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	2	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	126	3	led	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	126	4	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	5	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	6	would	would	AUX
arjefm-84	126	7	result	result	VERB
arjefm-84	126	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	126	9	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	126	10	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	11	costs	cost	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	126	13	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	126	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	126	15	turn	turn	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	16	leads	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	126	17	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	126	18	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	126	20	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	126	21	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	126	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	127	1	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	127	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	127	3	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	127	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	127	5	some	some	DET
arjefm-84	127	6	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	127	7	turn	turn	VERB
arjefm-84	127	8	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	127	9	lower	lower	ADV
arjefm-84	127	10	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	127	11	paying	pay	VERB
arjefm-84	127	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	127	13	less	less	ADV
arjefm-84	127	14	productive	productive	ADJ
arjefm-84	127	15	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	127	16	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	127	17	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	127	18	jobs	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	127	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	127	20	reducing	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	127	21	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	127	22	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
arjefm-84	127	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	128	1	the	the	PRON
arjefm-84	128	2	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	128	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	128	4	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	128	6	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	7	demand	demand	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	128	9	the	the	PRON
arjefm-84	128	10	greater	great	ADJ
arjefm-84	128	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	128	12	distortion	distortion	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	128	14	resource	resource	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	15	allocation	allocation	NOUN
arjefm-84	128	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	129	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	129	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	3	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	129	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	129	5	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	129	6	theory	theory	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	129	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	129	9	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-84	129	10	type	type	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	129	12	theory	theory	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	13	views	view	VERB
arjefm-84	129	14	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	15	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	129	16	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-84	129	17	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	18	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	19	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	129	20	promote	promote	VERB
arjefm-84	129	21	optimal	optimal	ADJ
arjefm-84	129	22	resource	resource	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	23	allocation	allocation	NOUN
arjefm-84	129	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	130	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	130	2	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	130	3	effective	effective	ADJ
arjefm-84	130	4	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	5	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	130	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	130	8	consensus	consensus	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	9	reached	reach	VERB
arjefm-84	130	10	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	11	both	both	DET
arjefm-84	130	12	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	130	14	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	130	16	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	130	17	avoiding	avoid	VERB
arjefm-84	130	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	130	19	waste	waste	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	130	21	resources	resource	NOUN
arjefm-84	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	131	1	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	131	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	131	3	coase	coase	PROPN
arjefm-84	131	4	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	131	5	theorem	theorem	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	6	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	131	7	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	131	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	131	10	world	world	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	131	12	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	131	15	freeman	freeman	NOUN
arjefm-84	131	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	131	17	1993	1993	NUM
arjefm-84	131	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	131	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	1	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	132	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	132	3	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	5	rules	rule	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	6	determined	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	132	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	132	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	132	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	11	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	132	12	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	132	13	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	14	protection	protection	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	15	legislation	legislation	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	17	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	132	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	132	19	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	20	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	21	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	22	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	23	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	132	25	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	27	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	132	29	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	30	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	31	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	132	32	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	33	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	132	34	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	35	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	36	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	37	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	38	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	132	39	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	40	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	41	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	132	42	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	132	43	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	132	44	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	45	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	46	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	47	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	132	48	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	49	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	50	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	56	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	132	57	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	58	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	132	59	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	60	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	61	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	62	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	63	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	64	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	132	65	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	132	66	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	67	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	68	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	69	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	132	70	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	71	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	72	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	73	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	132	74	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	132	75	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	133	1	80	80	NUM
arjefm-84	134	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	134	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	134	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	134	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	134	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	134	6	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	134	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	134	8	resources	resource	NOUN
arjefm-84	134	9	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	134	10	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	134	11	production	production	NOUN
arjefm-84	134	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	135	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	135	2	third	third	ADJ
arjefm-84	135	3	theory	theory	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	4	focuses	focus	VERB
arjefm-84	135	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	135	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	135	7	idea	idea	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	135	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	10	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
arjefm-84	135	11	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	12	asymmetries	asymmetry	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	135	14	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
arjefm-84	135	15	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
arjefm-84	135	16	behavior	behavior	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	135	18	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	135	19	increases	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	135	20	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	135	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	136	1	freeman	freeman	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	136	3	lazear	lazear	ADJ
arjefm-84	136	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	136	5	1995	1995	NUM
arjefm-84	136	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	136	7	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	8	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	9	councils	council	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	10	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	136	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	12	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	136	13	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	136	14	communication	communication	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	15	within	within	ADP
arjefm-84	136	16	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	136	18	enable	enable	VERB
arjefm-84	136	19	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	136	21	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	136	23	make	make	VERB
arjefm-84	136	24	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	136	25	informed	informed	ADJ
arjefm-84	136	26	decisions	decision	NOUN
arjefm-84	136	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	137	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	137	3	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	137	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	6	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	137	7	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	137	8	is	be	VERB
arjefm-84	137	9	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
arjefm-84	137	10	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	11	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	12	due	due	ADP
arjefm-84	137	13	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	137	14	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	137	16	competition	competition	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	18	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	137	19	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	137	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	137	21	case	case	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	22	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	137	23	monopsony	monopsony	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	24	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	25	manning	manning	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	27	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	137	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	29	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	137	30	due	due	ADP
arjefm-84	137	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	137	32	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	33	failures	failure	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	34	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	137	35	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	137	36	factors	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	137	38	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	137	39	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	40	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	137	41	government	government	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	42	regulations	regulation	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	43	may	may	AUX
arjefm-84	137	44	bring	bring	VERB
arjefm-84	137	45	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	46	closer	close	ADV
arjefm-84	137	47	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	137	48	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	137	49	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	50	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	51	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	137	52	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	138	1	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	138	2	are	be	VERB
arjefm-84	138	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
arjefm-84	138	4	arguments	argument	NOUN
arjefm-84	138	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	138	6	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	138	7	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	138	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	138	9	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	138	10	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	138	11	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	138	12	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	138	13	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	138	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	138	15	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	138	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	138	17	being	being	NOUN
arjefm-84	138	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	138	19	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	138	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	139	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	3	1980	1980	NUM
arjefm-84	139	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	139	6	freeman	freeman	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	139	8	medoff	medoff	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	10	1984	1984	NUM
arjefm-84	139	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	12	argued	argue	VERB
arjefm-84	139	13	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	139	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	139	15	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	139	17	increasing	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	139	18	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	139	19	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	20	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	139	21	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	23	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	24	reduced	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	139	25	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	26	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	139	27	had	have	VERB
arjefm-84	139	28	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	29	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	30	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	31	wage	wage	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	32	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	139	34	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	139	35	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	139	36	argued	argue	VERB
arjefm-84	139	37	stemmed	stem	VERB
arjefm-84	139	38	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	139	39	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	139	40	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	41	voice	voice	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	42	/	/	SYM
arjefm-84	139	43	institutional	institutional	ADJ
arjefm-84	139	44	response	response	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	45	aspect	aspect	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	46	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	139	47	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	48	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	139	49	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	140	1	these	these	PRON
arjefm-84	140	2	include	include	VERB
arjefm-84	140	3	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	140	5	impacts	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	140	7	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	8	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	140	10	improving	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	140	11	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	12	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	140	13	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	14	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	140	15	providing	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	140	16	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	140	17	voice	voice	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	140	19	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	20	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	140	21	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
arjefm-84	140	22	communication	communication	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	23	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	140	24	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	140	26	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	140	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	140	29	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	140	30	voice	voice	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	31	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	140	32	broader	broad	ADJ
arjefm-84	140	33	societal	societal	ADJ
arjefm-84	140	34	debates	debate	NOUN
arjefm-84	140	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	141	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	141	2	reduction	reduction	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	141	4	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	5	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	6	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	141	7	achieved	achieve	VERB
arjefm-84	141	8	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	141	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	141	10	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	141	11	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	141	12	rates	rate	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	13	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	141	14	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	141	15	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	16	negotiated	negotiate	VERB
arjefm-84	141	17	both	both	CCONJ
arjefm-84	141	18	within	within	ADP
arjefm-84	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	141	20	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	141	21	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	141	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	142	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	142	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	142	3	1980	1980	NUM
arjefm-84	142	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	142	5	called	call	VERB
arjefm-84	142	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	142	7	reduction	reduction	NOUN
arjefm-84	142	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	142	9	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	142	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	142	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	142	12	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	142	13	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	142	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	142	15	intra	intra	ADJ
arjefm-84	142	16	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	142	17	sectoral	sectoral	ADJ
arjefm-84	142	18	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	142	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	143	1	he	he	PRON
arjefm-84	143	2	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-84	143	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	143	4	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	143	5	intra	intra	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	6	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	7	industry	industry	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	8	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	9	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	143	10	large	large	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	143	12	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	143	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	143	15	united	united	PROPN
arjefm-84	143	16	states	states	PROPN
arjefm-84	143	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	143	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	143	19	1970s	1970	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	143	21	meaning	mean	VERB
arjefm-84	143	22	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	143	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	143	24	overall	overall	ADJ
arjefm-84	143	25	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	143	27	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	28	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	143	29	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	143	30	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	143	31	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	143	33	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	143	34	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	143	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	143	36	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	37	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	143	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	144	2	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	144	4	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	144	5	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	144	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	144	8	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	144	9	logic	logic	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	10	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	144	11	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
arjefm-84	144	12	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	144	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	144	14	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	144	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	17	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	18	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	144	19	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	21	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	22	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	23	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	24	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	26	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	144	27	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	28	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	30	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	144	31	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	32	bryson	bryson	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	34	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	144	35	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	36	laroche	laroche	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	38	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	144	39	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	40	coutrot	coutrot	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	41	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	42	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	144	43	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	44	najem	najem	NOUN
arjefm-84	144	45	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	144	46	paquet	paquet	PROPN
arjefm-84	144	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	48	2007	2007	NUM
arjefm-84	144	49	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	144	50	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	1	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	2	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	145	3	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	145	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	145	5	extent	extent	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	145	7	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	145	8	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	9	raise	raise	VERB
arjefm-84	145	10	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	145	11	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	12	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	145	13	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	14	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	145	15	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	145	16	stimulated	stimulate	VERB
arjefm-84	145	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	145	18	growing	grow	VERB
arjefm-84	145	19	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	20	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	145	21	causal	causal	ADJ
arjefm-84	145	22	inference	inference	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	24	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	145	25	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	26	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	27	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	29	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	145	30	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	31	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	33	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	145	34	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	35	yao	yao	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	36	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	145	37	zhong	zhong	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	38	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	39	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	145	40	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	41	read	read	VERB
arjefm-84	145	42	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	43	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	44	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	145	45	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	46	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	145	47	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	145	48	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	146	1	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	146	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	146	3	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	146	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	146	5	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	146	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	146	7	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	146	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	146	9	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
arjefm-84	146	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	146	11	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	146	12	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	146	13	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	146	14	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	146	15	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	146	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	146	17	dcs	dcs	PROPN
arjefm-84	146	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	146	19	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	146	20	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	146	21	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	146	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	146	23	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	146	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	147	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	147	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	147	4	lu	lu	VERB
arjefm-84	147	5	et	et	NOUN
arjefm-84	147	6	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	147	7	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	147	8	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	148	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	148	2	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	148	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	148	4	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	148	5	firm	firm	ADJ
arjefm-84	148	6	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	148	7	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	8	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	148	10	find	find	VERB
arjefm-84	148	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	148	12	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	13	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	148	14	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	148	15	better	well	ADJ
arjefm-84	148	16	benefits	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	148	18	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	148	19	contract	contract	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	20	signings	signing	NOUN
arjefm-84	148	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	149	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	149	3	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	149	5	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	149	6	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	7	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	149	8	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	149	9	enjoy	enjoy	VERB
arjefm-84	149	10	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	149	11	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	149	13	bonuses	bonus	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	14	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	149	15	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	149	16	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	149	18	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	149	19	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	149	20	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	149	21	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	149	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	150	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
arjefm-84	150	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	150	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	150	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	150	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	150	6	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	150	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	150	8	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	150	9	conclude	conclude	VERB
arjefm-84	150	10	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	150	11	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	12	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	150	14	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	150	15	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	150	16	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	150	17	play	play	VERB
arjefm-84	150	18	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	150	19	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	150	20	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	21	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	150	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	150	23	incidence	incidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	150	25	industrial	industrial	ADJ
arjefm-84	150	26	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	27	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-84	150	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	151	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	151	2	its	its	PRON
arjefm-84	151	3	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	151	5	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	151	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	151	7	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	151	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	151	9	notes	note	VERB
arjefm-84	151	10	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	151	11	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	151	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	151	14	workplace	workplace	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-84	151	16	improve	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	151	17	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	151	19	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	151	20	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	151	21	wage	wage	ADJ
arjefm-84	151	22	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	151	24	as	as	ADV
arjefm-84	151	25	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	151	26	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	151	27	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	28	training	training	NOUN
arjefm-84	151	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	152	1	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	152	2	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	152	3	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	4	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	152	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	152	7	author	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	8	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-84	152	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	152	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	152	11	presence	presence	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	152	13	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	14	within	within	ADP
arjefm-84	152	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	152	16	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	152	17	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	152	19	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	20	generates	generate	VERB
arjefm-84	152	21	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	152	22	spin	spin	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	152	24	offs	off	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	25	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	152	26	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	27	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	152	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	153	1	yao	yao	PROPN
arjefm-84	153	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	153	3	zhong	zhong	PROPN
arjefm-84	153	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	153	5	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	153	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	153	7	found	find	VERB
arjefm-84	153	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	153	9	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	153	10	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-84	153	11	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	153	12	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	153	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	153	14	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-84	153	15	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	153	16	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	153	17	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	153	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	153	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	153	20	larger	large	ADJ
arjefm-84	153	21	fraction	fraction	NOUN
arjefm-84	153	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	153	23	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	153	24	covered	cover	VERB
arjefm-84	153	25	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	153	26	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	153	27	pension	pension	NOUN
arjefm-84	153	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	154	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	154	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
arjefm-84	154	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	154	4	budd	budd	PROPN
arjefm-84	154	5	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	154	6	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	154	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	155	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	155	2	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	155	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	155	4	found	find	VERB
arjefm-84	155	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	155	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	7	density	density	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	8	does	do	AUX
arjefm-84	155	9	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	155	10	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	155	11	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	155	12	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	13	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	155	15	even	even	ADV
arjefm-84	155	16	though	though	SCONJ
arjefm-84	155	17	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	155	18	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	155	19	positively	positively	ADV
arjefm-84	155	20	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	155	21	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	155	22	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	23	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	155	25	overall	overall	ADJ
arjefm-84	155	26	output	output	NOUN
arjefm-84	155	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	1	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-84	156	2	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	156	3	comes	come	VERB
arjefm-84	156	4	to	to	AUX
arjefm-84	156	5	work	work	VERB
arjefm-84	156	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	156	7	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	156	8	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	156	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	156	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	156	12	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	14	very	very	ADV
arjefm-84	156	15	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-84	156	16	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	156	17	interested	interested	ADJ
arjefm-84	156	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	156	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	156	20	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	156	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	156	22	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	156	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	24	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	156	26	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	28	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	156	29	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	30	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	156	31	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	32	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	156	33	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	34	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	35	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	36	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	37	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	156	38	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	39	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	156	40	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	156	41	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	157	1	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	157	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	157	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	157	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	158	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	158	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	158	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	158	4	report	report	VERB
arjefm-84	158	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	158	6	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	158	7	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	158	8	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	158	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	158	10	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	158	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	158	12	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	158	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	158	14	kenya	kenya	PROPN
arjefm-84	158	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	159	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	159	2	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	159	3	words	word	NOUN
arjefm-84	159	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	159	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	159	6	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	159	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	159	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	159	9	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	159	10	generates	generate	VERB
arjefm-84	159	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	159	12	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	159	13	premium	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	159	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	160	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	160	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	160	3	further	far	ADV
arjefm-84	160	4	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-84	160	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	160	6	elite	elite	ADJ
arjefm-84	160	7	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	160	8	tend	tend	VERB
arjefm-84	160	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	160	10	refrain	refrain	VERB
arjefm-84	160	11	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	160	12	unionizing	unionize	VERB
arjefm-84	160	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	161	1	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	161	2	recently	recently	ADV
arjefm-84	161	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	161	4	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	161	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	161	6	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	161	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	161	8	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	161	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	161	10	note	note	VERB
arjefm-84	161	11	extremely	extremely	ADV
arjefm-84	161	12	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	161	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	14	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	15	premiums	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	161	17	south	south	PROPN
arjefm-84	161	18	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	161	19	leading	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	161	20	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	161	21	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	161	22	slight	slight	ADJ
arjefm-84	161	23	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	24	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	161	25	pay	pay	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	26	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	161	28	recent	recent	ADJ
arjefm-84	161	29	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	161	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	162	1	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	162	2	unlike	unlike	ADP
arjefm-84	162	3	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	162	4	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	162	5	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	162	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	163	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	163	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	163	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	163	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	163	5	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	163	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	163	7	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	163	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	163	9	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	163	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	163	11	find	find	VERB
arjefm-84	163	12	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	163	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	163	14	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	163	15	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	163	16	become	become	VERB
arjefm-84	164	1	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
arjefm-84	164	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	164	3	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	165	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	165	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	165	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	165	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	165	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	165	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	165	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	165	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	165	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	165	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	165	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	165	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	166	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	166	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	166	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	166	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	166	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	166	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	166	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	166	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	166	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	166	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	167	1	81	81	NUM
arjefm-84	168	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	168	2	p	p	ADP
arjefm-84	168	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	168	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	6	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
arjefm-84	168	7	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	168	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	168	9	top	top	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	168	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	168	12	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	13	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	168	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	168	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	168	17	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	168	18	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	168	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	169	1	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	169	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	169	3	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	169	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	169	5	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	169	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	169	7	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
arjefm-84	169	8	argue	argue	VERB
arjefm-84	169	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	169	10	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	169	11	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	169	12	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	169	13	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	169	14	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	169	15	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	169	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	169	17	bottom	bottom	NOUN
arjefm-84	169	18	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	169	19	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	169	20	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	169	21	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	169	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	169	23	top	top	NOUN
arjefm-84	169	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	170	1	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	170	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	170	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	170	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	171	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	171	2	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	171	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	171	4	note	note	VERB
arjefm-84	171	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	171	6	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	171	7	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	8	could	could	AUX
arjefm-84	171	9	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	171	10	generated	generate	VERB
arjefm-84	171	11	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	171	12	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	171	13	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	171	15	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	16	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	171	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	171	18	bottom	bottom	ADJ
arjefm-84	171	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	171	20	negative	negative	ADJ
arjefm-84	171	21	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	22	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	171	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	171	24	top	top	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	171	26	so	so	SCONJ
arjefm-84	171	27	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	171	28	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	29	appear	appear	VERB
arjefm-84	171	30	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	171	31	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	171	32	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	171	33	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	171	34	than	than	SCONJ
arjefm-84	171	35	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	171	36	actually	actually	ADV
arjefm-84	171	37	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	171	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	172	1	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	172	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	172	3	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	172	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	172	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	172	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	172	7	his	his	PRON
arjefm-84	172	8	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	172	10	highlights	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	172	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	172	12	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	172	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	172	15	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	16	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	172	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	172	18	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	19	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	172	21	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	22	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	172	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	172	24	senegal	senegal	PROPN
arjefm-84	172	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	173	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	173	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	173	3	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	173	4	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	173	5	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	173	6	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	173	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	173	8	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	173	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	173	10	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	173	11	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	173	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	174	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	174	2	emerges	emerge	VERB
arjefm-84	174	3	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	174	4	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	174	5	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	6	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	174	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	174	8	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	174	10	affiliation	affiliation	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	11	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	174	12	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	174	13	rather	rather	ADV
arjefm-84	174	14	contrasting	contrast	VERB
arjefm-84	174	15	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	174	17	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	174	19	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	20	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	174	21	working	working	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	22	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	174	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	175	1	overall	overall	ADV
arjefm-84	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	175	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	175	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	175	5	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	6	supports	support	VERB
arjefm-84	175	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	175	8	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	175	9	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	175	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	12	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	175	14	although	although	SCONJ
arjefm-84	175	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	175	16	some	some	DET
arjefm-84	175	17	cases	case	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	175	19	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	20	highlight	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	175	21	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	175	22	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	175	24	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-84	175	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	176	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	176	2	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	176	3	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	176	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	176	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	176	6	west	west	ADJ
arjefm-84	176	7	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	176	8	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	176	10	few	few	ADJ
arjefm-84	176	11	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	176	12	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	176	13	focused	focus	VERB
arjefm-84	176	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	176	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	176	16	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	176	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	176	18	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	176	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	177	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	177	2	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	177	3	attempts	attempt	VERB
arjefm-84	177	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	177	5	examine	examine	VERB
arjefm-84	177	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	177	7	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	177	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	177	9	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	177	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	177	11	improving	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	177	12	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	177	13	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	177	14	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	177	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	177	16	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	177	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	178	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	178	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	178	3	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	178	4	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	178	5	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	178	6	adapted	adapt	VERB
arjefm-84	178	7	methodology	methodology	NOUN
arjefm-84	178	8	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	178	9	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	178	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	178	11	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	178	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	178	13	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	178	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	178	15	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	178	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	179	1	4	4	X
arjefm-84	179	2	.	.	X
arjefm-84	179	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	179	5	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	6	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	179	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	179	8	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	179	9	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	179	11	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	179	12	describe	describe	VERB
arjefm-84	179	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	179	14	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	15	strategy	strategy	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	16	adopted	adopt	VERB
arjefm-84	179	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	179	18	then	then	ADV
arjefm-84	179	19	present	present	VERB
arjefm-84	179	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	179	21	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	179	22	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	179	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	180	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
arjefm-84	180	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	180	3	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	4	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	5	since	since	SCONJ
arjefm-84	180	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	180	7	purpose	purpose	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	180	9	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	180	10	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	11	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	180	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	180	13	examine	examine	VERB
arjefm-84	180	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	180	15	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	180	17	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	180	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	180	20	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	22	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	23	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	180	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	180	25	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	180	27	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	28	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	180	30	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	180	31	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	180	32	important	important	ADJ
arjefm-84	180	33	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	180	34	consider	consider	VERB
arjefm-84	180	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	180	36	methodological	methodological	ADJ
arjefm-84	180	37	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	38	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	180	39	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	180	40	such	such	DET
arjefm-84	180	41	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	180	42	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	180	43	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	181	1	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	181	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	181	3	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	181	5	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	181	7	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	8	comes	come	VERB
arjefm-84	181	9	up	up	ADP
arjefm-84	181	10	against	against	ADP
arjefm-84	181	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	181	12	problem	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	181	14	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	15	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	181	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	181	17	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	181	18	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	181	19	taken	take	VERB
arjefm-84	181	20	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	181	21	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	181	23	would	would	AUX
arjefm-84	181	24	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	181	25	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	181	26	biased	biased	ADJ
arjefm-84	181	27	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	181	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	182	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	182	3	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	182	5	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	182	6	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	182	9	either	either	CCONJ
arjefm-84	182	10	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
arjefm-84	182	11	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	182	12	induced	induce	VERB
arjefm-84	182	13	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	182	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	182	15	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	182	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	182	18	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	19	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	182	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	182	22	branch	branch	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	182	24	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	182	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	182	27	awareness	awareness	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	182	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	182	30	advantages	advantage	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	31	inherent	inherent	ADJ
arjefm-84	182	32	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	182	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	182	34	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	35	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	36	struggle	struggle	NOUN
arjefm-84	182	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	183	1	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	183	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	183	4	interests	interest	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	183	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	7	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	8	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	183	9	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	183	10	improved	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	183	11	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	183	12	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	183	14	experience	experience	NOUN
arjefm-84	183	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	184	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	184	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	184	4	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	5	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	184	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	184	7	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	184	8	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	184	10	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	11	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	184	12	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	184	13	deeper	deep	ADJ
arjefm-84	184	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	184	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	184	17	issues	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	18	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	184	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	184	20	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	184	22	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	184	23	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	184	24	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	184	25	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	184	26	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	184	27	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	28	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	184	29	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	184	30	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	184	31	low	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	184	32	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	184	34	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	184	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	185	1	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	185	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	185	3	selfselection	selfselection	NOUN
arjefm-84	185	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	185	5	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	185	6	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	185	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	185	8	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	185	9	important	important	ADJ
arjefm-84	185	10	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	185	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	185	12	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	185	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
arjefm-84	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	186	4	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	5	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	186	6	shown	show	VERB
arjefm-84	186	7	that	that	DET
arjefm-84	186	8	affiliation	affiliation	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	186	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	186	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	12	depends	depend	VERB
arjefm-84	186	13	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	186	14	only	only	ADV
arjefm-84	186	15	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	186	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	186	17	observable	observable	ADJ
arjefm-84	186	18	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	186	20	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	22	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	186	23	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	186	24	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	186	25	certain	certain	ADJ
arjefm-84	186	26	unobservable	unobservable	ADJ
arjefm-84	186	27	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	186	28	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	29	laroche	laroche	PROPN
arjefm-84	186	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	31	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	186	32	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	186	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	187	1	failure	failure	NOUN
arjefm-84	187	2	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	187	3	take	take	VERB
arjefm-84	187	4	these	these	PRON
arjefm-84	187	5	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	187	6	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	187	7	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	187	8	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	187	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	187	10	overestimating	overestimate	VERB
arjefm-84	187	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	187	12	underestimating	underestimate	VERB
arjefm-84	187	13	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	187	14	reporting	report	VERB
arjefm-84	187	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	187	16	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	187	17	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	187	18	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	187	19	does	do	AUX
arjefm-84	187	20	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	187	21	exist	exist	VERB
arjefm-84	187	22	at	at	ADV
arjefm-84	187	23	all	all	ADV
arjefm-84	187	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	188	1	several	several	ADJ
arjefm-84	188	2	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	3	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	188	4	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	188	5	developed	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	188	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	188	7	proposed	propose	VERB
arjefm-84	188	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	188	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	188	10	literature	literature	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	11	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	188	12	address	address	VERB
arjefm-84	188	13	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	188	14	self	self	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	15	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	188	16	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	17	bias	bias	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	188	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	188	20	allow	allow	VERB
arjefm-84	188	21	comparability	comparability	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	188	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	188	24	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	188	25	groups	group	NOUN
arjefm-84	188	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	189	1	these	these	PRON
arjefm-84	189	2	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	189	3	heckman	heckman	PROPN
arjefm-84	189	4	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	5	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	189	7	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
arjefm-84	189	8	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	189	10	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	11	score	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	12	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	189	14	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	15	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	189	16	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	17	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	189	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	190	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	3	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	190	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	190	5	limitations	limitation	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	6	specific	specific	ADJ
arjefm-84	190	7	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	190	8	each	each	DET
arjefm-84	190	9	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	11	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	190	12	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	14	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	190	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	190	16	most	most	ADJ
arjefm-84	190	17	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	19	unable	unable	ADJ
arjefm-84	190	20	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	190	21	correct	correct	VERB
arjefm-84	190	22	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	23	biases	bias	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	24	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	190	25	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	190	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	190	27	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	190	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	190	30	treatment	treatment	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	31	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	32	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	33	heckman	heckman	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	34	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	35	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	36	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	38	1997	1997	NUM
arjefm-84	190	39	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	40	khonje	khonje	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	41	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	42	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	43	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	190	44	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	45	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-84	190	46	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	190	48	resulting	result	VERB
arjefm-84	190	49	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	190	50	biased	biased	ADJ
arjefm-84	190	51	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	190	52	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	1	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	191	2	suitable	suitable	ADJ
arjefm-84	191	3	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	4	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	191	5	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	191	6	situations	situation	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	191	8	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	191	10	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	11	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	13	lokshin	lokshin	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	191	15	sajaia	sajaia	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	17	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	191	18	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	19	maddala	maddala	NOUN
arjefm-84	191	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	21	1983	1983	NUM
arjefm-84	191	22	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	23	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	191	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	25	1978	1978	NUM
arjefm-84	191	26	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	191	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	192	1	nahm	nahm	PROPN
arjefm-84	192	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	192	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	192	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	193	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	193	2	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	193	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	193	4	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	193	5	draw	draw	VERB
arjefm-84	193	6	attention	attention	NOUN
arjefm-84	193	7	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	193	8	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	193	9	methodological	methodological	ADJ
arjefm-84	193	10	issues	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	193	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	193	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	193	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	193	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	193	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	193	16	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	193	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	193	18	unionisation	unionisation	NOUN
arjefm-84	193	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	194	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	194	2	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	194	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	194	5	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	194	6	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	194	8	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	194	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	194	10	gain	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	11	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	194	12	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	13	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	14	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	194	15	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	194	16	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	194	17	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	194	18	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	194	19	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	20	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	21	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	194	22	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	23	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	194	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	1	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	195	2	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	195	3	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	195	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	5	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	195	6	start	start	VERB
arjefm-84	195	7	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	195	8	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	195	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	10	functions	function	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	12	one	one	NUM
arjefm-84	195	13	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	195	14	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	195	15	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	17	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	18	1a	1a	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	195	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	195	22	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	195	23	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	195	24	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	195	25	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	195	26	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	195	27	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	28	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	29	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	195	30	1b	1b	NUM
arjefm-84	195	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	195	32	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	196	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	197	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	198	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	198	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	198	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	198	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	198	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	198	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	198	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	198	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	198	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	198	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	198	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	198	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	199	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	199	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	199	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	199	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	199	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	199	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	199	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	199	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	199	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	199	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	199	22	82	82	NUM
arjefm-84	200	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	200	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	200	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	200	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	6	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	200	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	200	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	200	9	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	10	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	200	13	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	200	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	200	17	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	18	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	19	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	200	21	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	22	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	23	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	200	24	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	200	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	201	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	201	2	vector	vector	NOUN
arjefm-84	201	3	includes	include	VERB
arjefm-84	201	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	201	5	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	201	6	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
arjefm-84	201	7	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	201	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	201	9	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-84	201	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	201	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	201	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	201	13	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	201	14	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	201	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	1	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	2	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	202	3	represents	represent	VERB
arjefm-84	202	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	202	5	choice	choice	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	202	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	8	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	9	si	si	X
arjefm-84	202	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	12	si	si	INTJ
arjefm-84	202	13	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	202	14	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	202	15	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	202	16	latent	latent	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	17	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	18	determining	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	202	19	whether	whether	SCONJ
arjefm-84	202	20	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	21	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	24	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	202	25	observed	observe	VERB
arjefm-84	202	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	202	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	202	28	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	202	29	our	our	PRON
arjefm-84	202	30	estimate	estimate	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	31	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	202	32	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	33	premium	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	34	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	202	35	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	202	36	vector	vector	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	37	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	202	38	instrument	instrument	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	39	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	40	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	202	41	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	202	42	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	202	43	directly	directly	ADV
arjefm-84	202	44	influence	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	202	45	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	202	46	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	47	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	202	48	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	49	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	50	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	202	51	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	202	52	intervene	intervene	VERB
arjefm-84	202	53	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	202	54	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	202	55	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	56	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	202	57	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	58	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	202	59	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	203	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	203	2	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	203	3	study	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	4	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	203	5	use	use	VERB
arjefm-84	203	6	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	203	7	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	203	8	instrument	instrument	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	203	10	availability	availability	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	11	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	203	12	absence	absence	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	203	14	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	15	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	16	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	203	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	203	19	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	203	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	204	1	theavailability	theavailability	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	204	3	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	204	4	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	5	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	6	determines	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	204	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	204	8	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	204	10	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	204	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	204	12	but	but	CCONJ
arjefm-84	204	13	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	204	14	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	204	15	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	16	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	204	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	204	18	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	204	20	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	21	unless	unless	SCONJ
arjefm-84	204	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	204	23	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	204	24	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	204	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	204	26	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	204	27	active	active	ADJ
arjefm-84	204	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	204	29	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	204	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	205	1	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	205	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	205	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	205	4	parameters	parameter	NOUN
arjefm-84	205	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	205	6	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	205	7	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	205	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	206	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	206	2	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	3	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	206	5	both	both	DET
arjefm-84	206	6	regimes	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	206	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	206	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	206	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	206	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	206	12	assumed	assume	VERB
arjefm-84	206	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	206	14	follow	follow	VERB
arjefm-84	206	15	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	206	16	trivariate	trivariate	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	17	normal	normal	ADJ
arjefm-84	206	18	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	206	20	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	206	21	zero	zero	NUM
arjefm-84	206	22	mean	mean	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	206	24	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	206	25	covariance	covariance	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	26	matrix	matrix	NOUN
arjefm-84	206	27	equal	equal	ADJ
arjefm-84	206	28	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	206	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	207	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	207	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	3	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	207	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	207	6	choice	choice	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	7	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	8	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	207	9	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	207	10	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	11	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	12	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	13	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	207	15	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	207	16	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	207	17	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	207	18	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	207	19	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	207	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	207	21	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	207	23	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	24	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	25	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	207	26	its	its	PRON
arjefm-84	207	27	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	207	29	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	207	31	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	32	premiums	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	207	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	208	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	208	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	208	3	highly	highly	ADV
arjefm-84	208	4	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	208	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	208	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	208	7	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	208	8	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	208	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	208	10	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	208	11	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	208	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	208	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	208	14	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	208	15	correlated	correlate	VERB
arjefm-84	208	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	208	17	resulting	result	VERB
arjefm-84	208	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	208	19	selectivity	selectivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	208	20	bias	bias	NOUN
arjefm-84	208	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	209	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
arjefm-84	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	209	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	209	4	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	5	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	209	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	209	7	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	209	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	209	9	represents	represent	VERB
arjefm-84	209	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	209	11	vector	vector	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	209	13	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	14	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	209	15	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	209	16	influence	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	209	17	both	both	DET
arjefm-84	209	18	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	209	20	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	209	21	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	22	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	23	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	209	25	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	26	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	209	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	1	these	these	PRON
arjefm-84	210	2	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	210	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	210	4	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	210	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	210	7	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	8	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	210	9	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	210	10	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	12	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	14	sex	sex	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	16	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	210	18	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	20	length	length	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	210	22	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	210	24	etc	etc	X
arjefm-84	210	25	.	.	X
arjefm-84	210	26	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
arjefm-84	210	27	factors	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	28	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	210	29	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	210	30	skill	skill	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	31	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	210	32	motivation	motivation	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	33	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	210	34	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	210	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	210	36	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	37	system	system	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	38	could	could	AUX
arjefm-84	210	39	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	210	40	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	210	41	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	210	42	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	43	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	210	44	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	210	46	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	210	47	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	211	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	211	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	211	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	211	4	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	211	5	skilled	skilled	ADJ
arjefm-84	211	6	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	211	7	might	might	AUX
arjefm-84	211	8	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	211	9	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	211	10	who	who	PRON
arjefm-84	211	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	211	12	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	211	13	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	211	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	211	15	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	211	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	211	17	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	211	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	211	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	211	20	belief	belief	NOUN
arjefm-84	211	21	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	211	22	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	211	23	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	211	24	asserting	assert	VERB
arjefm-84	211	25	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	211	26	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	211	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	212	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	212	2	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	212	3	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	212	4	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	212	5	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	212	6	who	who	PRON
arjefm-84	212	7	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	212	8	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	212	9	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	212	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	212	11	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	212	12	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	212	13	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	212	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	212	15	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	212	16	high	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	212	17	pay	pay	NOUN
arjefm-84	212	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	1	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	213	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	3	1978	1978	NUM
arjefm-84	213	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	213	6	maddala	maddala	PROPN
arjefm-84	213	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	8	1983	1983	NUM
arjefm-84	213	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	10	note	note	VERB
arjefm-84	213	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	213	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	213	13	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	213	15	errors	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	213	17	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	213	18	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	213	19	correlated	correlate	VERB
arjefm-84	213	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	213	21	render	render	VERB
arjefm-84	213	22	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
arjefm-84	213	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	213	24	estimators	estimator	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	25	resulting	result	VERB
arjefm-84	213	26	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	213	27	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	213	28	application	application	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	29	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	213	30	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
arjefm-84	213	31	least	least	ADJ
arjefm-84	213	32	squares	square	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	33	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	34	olm	olm	NOUN
arjefm-84	213	35	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	213	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	214	1	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	214	2	address	address	VERB
arjefm-84	214	3	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	214	4	problem	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	5	posed	pose	VERB
arjefm-84	214	6	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	214	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	214	8	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	9	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	10	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	11	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	214	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	214	14	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	214	16	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	17	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	18	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	214	19	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	214	20	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
arjefm-84	214	21	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	214	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	214	23	full	full	ADJ
arjefm-84	214	24	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	214	25	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	26	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-84	214	27	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	28	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	214	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	1	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	215	2	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	3	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	215	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	215	5	advantage	advantage	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	215	7	providing	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	215	8	robust	robust	ADJ
arjefm-84	215	9	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	215	10	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	11	estimates	estimate	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	215	13	contrast	contrast	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	14	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	215	15	step	step	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	17	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	215	18	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	19	step	step	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	20	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	21	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	215	22	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	215	23	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	24	separately	separately	ADV
arjefm-84	215	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	26	guirkinger	guirkinger	NOUN
arjefm-84	215	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	215	28	boucher	boucher	PROPN
arjefm-84	215	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	30	2008	2008	NUM
arjefm-84	215	31	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	32	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	215	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	34	1978	1978	NUM
arjefm-84	215	35	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	215	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	1	under	under	ADP
arjefm-84	216	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	216	3	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	4	made	make	VERB
arjefm-84	216	5	about	about	ADP
arjefm-84	216	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	216	7	distributions	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	216	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	216	10	error	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	11	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	216	13	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	14	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	216	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	216	16	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	216	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	216	19	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-84	216	20	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	216	21	lokshin	lokshin	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	216	23	sajara	sajara	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	24	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	25	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	216	26	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	216	29	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	30	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	31	function	function	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	32	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	216	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	216	34	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	35	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	36	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	216	37	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	216	39	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	40	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	216	41	given	give	VERB
arjefm-84	216	42	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	216	43	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	44	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	216	45	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	216	46	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	216	47	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
arjefm-84	216	48	normal	normal	ADJ
arjefm-84	216	49	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	50	function	function	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	216	52	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	216	53	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	216	54	density	density	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	55	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	56	normal	normal	ADJ
arjefm-84	216	57	function	function	NOUN
arjefm-84	216	58	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	217	1	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	217	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	217	3	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	218	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	218	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	218	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	218	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	218	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	218	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	218	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	218	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	218	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	36	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	218	37	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	218	39	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	218	45	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	218	46	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	218	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	218	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	218	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	219	1	83	83	NUM
arjefm-84	220	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	220	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	220	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	220	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	7	avec	avec	X
arjefm-84	220	8	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	220	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	220	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	11	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	12	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	220	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	14	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	220	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	17	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	18	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	220	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	21	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	220	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	23	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	220	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	220	25	covariances	covariance	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	220	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	28	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	31	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	32	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	33	represent	represent	VERB
arjefm-84	220	34	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	220	35	respective	respective	ADJ
arjefm-84	220	36	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	220	37	deviations	deviation	NOUN
arjefm-84	220	38	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	220	39	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	220	40	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	220	41	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	221	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	221	2	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	3	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	221	5	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	6	4	4	NUM
arjefm-84	221	7	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	221	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	221	9	full	full	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	10	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	221	11	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	12	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	13	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	14	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	15	will	will	AUX
arjefm-84	221	16	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	221	17	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	221	18	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	221	19	determine	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	221	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	221	21	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	22	gains	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	23	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	221	24	losses	loss	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	25	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	221	26	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	27	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	28	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	221	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	221	30	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	31	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	221	32	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	33	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	221	34	could	could	AUX
arjefm-84	221	35	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	221	36	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	221	37	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	221	38	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	39	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	40	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	221	41	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	221	42	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	221	43	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	221	44	had	have	AUX
arjefm-84	221	45	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	221	46	unionized	unionize	VERB
arjefm-84	221	47	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	222	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	222	2	procedure	procedure	NOUN
arjefm-84	222	3	will	will	AUX
arjefm-84	222	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
arjefm-84	222	5	consist	consist	VERB
arjefm-84	222	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	222	7	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	222	8	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	222	9	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	222	10	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	222	11	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	222	12	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	222	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	223	1	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-84	223	2	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	223	3	maddala	maddala	NOUN
arjefm-84	223	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	223	5	1983	1983	NUM
arjefm-84	223	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	223	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	223	8	conditional	conditional	ADJ
arjefm-84	223	9	expected	expect	VERB
arjefm-84	223	10	gains	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	223	11	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	223	12	calculated	calculate	VERB
arjefm-84	223	13	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	223	14	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	223	15	6	6	NUM
arjefm-84	223	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	224	1	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	224	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	224	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	224	4	parameters	parameter	NOUN
arjefm-84	224	5	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	224	6	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	224	7	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	224	8	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	224	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	224	10	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	224	11	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	224	12	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	224	13	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	224	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	225	1	the	the	PRON
arjefm-84	225	2	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	225	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	225	4	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	225	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	225	7	differential	differential	ADJ
arjefm-84	225	8	forecast	forecast	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	225	10	the	the	PRON
arjefm-84	225	11	greater	great	ADJ
arjefm-84	225	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	225	13	loss	loss	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	14	due	due	ADP
arjefm-84	225	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	225	16	non	non	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	17	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	18	affiliation	affiliation	NOUN
arjefm-84	225	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	226	1	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	226	2	necessary	necessary	ADJ
arjefm-84	226	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	226	4	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	226	5	would	would	AUX
arjefm-84	226	6	then	then	ADV
arjefm-84	226	7	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	226	8	urgent	urgent	ADJ
arjefm-84	226	9	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	226	10	set	set	VERB
arjefm-84	226	11	up	up	ADP
arjefm-84	226	12	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	226	13	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
arjefm-84	226	14	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	226	15	better	well	ADV
arjefm-84	226	16	organize	organize	VERB
arjefm-84	226	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	226	18	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	226	19	partners	partner	NOUN
arjefm-84	226	20	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	226	21	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	226	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	226	23	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	226	24	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	226	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	227	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
arjefm-84	227	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	227	3	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	4	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	227	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	227	6	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	227	9	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	10	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	227	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	227	12	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	227	13	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	14	come	come	VERB
arjefm-84	227	15	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	227	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	227	17	integrated	integrate	VERB
arjefm-84	227	18	regional	regional	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	19	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	20	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	227	21	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	227	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	227	24	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	25	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	227	27	irs	irs	PROPN
arjefm-84	227	28	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	227	29	eis	eis	PROPN
arjefm-84	227	30	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	227	31	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	227	32	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	227	33	member	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	34	states	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	227	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	227	37	west	west	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	38	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	39	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	40	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	227	41	monetary	monetary	ADJ
arjefm-84	227	42	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	227	43	carried	carry	VERB
arjefm-84	227	44	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	227	45	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	227	46	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	227	47	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	228	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	228	2	integrated	integrate	VERB
arjefm-84	228	3	regional	regional	ADJ
arjefm-84	228	4	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	228	6	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	228	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	228	9	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	228	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	11	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	228	12	conducted	conduct	VERB
arjefm-84	228	13	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	228	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	228	15	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	228	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	228	17	stage	stage	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	18	area	area	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	19	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	20	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	21	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	228	22	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	228	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	228	24	stage	stage	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	25	stratification	stratification	NOUN
arjefm-84	228	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	229	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	229	2	objective	objective	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	229	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	229	5	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	6	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	229	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	229	8	produce	produce	VERB
arjefm-84	229	9	statistically	statistically	ADV
arjefm-84	229	10	reliable	reliable	ADJ
arjefm-84	229	11	estimates	estimate	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	229	13	indicators	indicator	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	229	15	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	229	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	229	17	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-84	229	18	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	229	20	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	229	21	urban	urban	ADJ
arjefm-84	229	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	229	23	rural	rural	ADJ
arjefm-84	229	24	areas	area	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	229	26	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	229	27	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	229	28	each	each	PRON
arjefm-84	229	29	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	229	30	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	229	31	twelve	twelve	NUM
arjefm-84	229	32	departments	department	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	229	34	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	229	35	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	229	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	230	1	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	230	2	total	total	NOUN
arjefm-84	230	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	230	4	23	23	NUM
arjefm-84	230	5	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	230	6	strata	strata	NOUN
arjefm-84	230	7	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	230	8	defined	define	VERB
arjefm-84	230	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	231	1	within	within	ADP
arjefm-84	231	2	each	each	DET
arjefm-84	231	3	stratum	stratum	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	231	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	231	6	samples	sample	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	231	8	zones	zone	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	231	10	enumeration	enumeration	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	231	12	zd	zd	PROPN
arjefm-84	231	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	231	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	231	15	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	16	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	231	17	divided	divide	VERB
arjefm-84	231	18	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-84	231	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	231	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	231	21	largest	large	ADJ
arjefm-84	231	22	entities	entity	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	231	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	231	25	administrative	administrative	ADJ
arjefm-84	231	26	division	division	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	27	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	231	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	231	29	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	30	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	231	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	231	32	place	place	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	231	34	residence	residence	NOUN
arjefm-84	231	35	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	232	1	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	232	2	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	232	3	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	232	5	680	680	NUM
arjefm-84	232	6	zds	zds	PROPN
arjefm-84	232	7	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	232	8	selected	select	VERB
arjefm-84	232	9	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	232	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	232	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	232	12	13,000	13,000	NUM
arjefm-84	232	13	defined	define	VERB
arjefm-84	232	14	during	during	ADP
arjefm-84	232	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	232	16	census	census	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	17	cartographic	cartographic	ADJ
arjefm-84	232	18	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	19	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	232	20	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	232	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	232	23	fourth	fourth	ADJ
arjefm-84	232	24	rgph	rgph	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	232	26	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	232	27	population	population	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	232	29	housing	housing	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	30	census	census	NOUN
arjefm-84	232	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	232	32	carried	carry	VERB
arjefm-84	232	33	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	232	34	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	232	35	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	232	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	233	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	233	2	zds	zds	PROPN
arjefm-84	233	3	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	233	4	drawn	draw	VERB
arjefm-84	233	5	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	233	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	233	7	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	233	8	proportional	proportional	ADJ
arjefm-84	233	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	233	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	233	11	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	233	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	233	13	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	233	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	1	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	234	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	234	3	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-84	234	4	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	234	7	fixed	fix	VERB
arjefm-84	234	8	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	234	10	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
arjefm-84	234	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	12	15	15	NUM
arjefm-84	234	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	14	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	15	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	234	16	selected	select	VERB
arjefm-84	234	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	234	18	each	each	PRON
arjefm-84	234	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	234	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	234	21	zds	zds	PROPN
arjefm-84	234	22	selected	select	VERB
arjefm-84	234	23	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	234	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	234	25	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	234	26	degree	degree	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	27	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	234	28	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	234	29	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	30	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	234	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	234	32	replacement	replacement	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	33	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	234	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	235	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	235	2	sample	sample	NOUN
arjefm-84	235	3	size	size	NOUN
arjefm-84	235	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	235	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	235	6	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	235	7	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	235	8	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	235	9	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	235	10	10,200	10,200	NUM
arjefm-84	235	11	households	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	235	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	236	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	2	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	236	3	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	236	4	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	236	5	survey	survey	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	6	covers	cover	VERB
arjefm-84	236	7	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	236	8	parts	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	236	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	11	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	236	13	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	236	14	concerns	concern	VERB
arjefm-84	236	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	16	collection	collection	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	236	18	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	19	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	236	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	21	sociodemographic	sociodemographic	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	22	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	236	24	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	236	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	27	population	population	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	236	29	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	30	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	31	relates	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	236	32	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	236	33	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	34	collection	collection	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	236	36	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	37	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	236	38	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	39	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	40	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	41	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	42	production	production	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	43	units	unit	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	44	identified	identify	VERB
arjefm-84	236	45	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	236	46	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	236	47	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	236	48	component	component	NOUN
arjefm-84	236	49	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	237	1	four	four	NUM
arjefm-84	237	2	types	type	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	237	4	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	5	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	237	6	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	237	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	237	8	including	include	VERB
arjefm-84	237	9	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	237	10	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	11	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	12	administered	administer	VERB
arjefm-84	237	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	237	14	each	each	DET
arjefm-84	237	15	household	household	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	16	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	237	17	all	all	DET
arjefm-84	237	18	individuals	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	237	19	aged	age	VERB
arjefm-84	237	20	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	237	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	237	22	over	over	ADV
arjefm-84	237	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	238	2	individual	individual	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	3	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	4	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	5	comprises	comprise	VERB
arjefm-84	238	6	several	several	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	7	modules	module	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	8	including	include	VERB
arjefm-84	238	9	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	10	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	12	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	13	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	15	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	16	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	17	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	19	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	20	protection	protection	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	22	vocational	vocational	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	23	training	training	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	24	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	238	25	further	further	ADJ
arjefm-84	238	26	training	training	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	28	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	29	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	30	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	31	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	238	32	prospects	prospect	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	33	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	34	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	35	outside	outside	ADP
arjefm-84	238	36	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	238	37	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	238	38	etc	etc	X
arjefm-84	238	39	.	.	X
arjefm-84	239	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	239	2	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	3	database	database	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	239	5	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	239	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	239	7	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	8	collected	collect	VERB
arjefm-84	239	9	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	239	10	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	239	11	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	12	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	13	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	14	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	15	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	239	17	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	19	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	239	21	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	22	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	23	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	239	24	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	25	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	239	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	27	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	28	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	29	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	30	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	239	31	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	239	32	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	33	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	239	34	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	239	35	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	239	36	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	37	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	38	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	39	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	239	40	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	41	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	42	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	43	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	44	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	239	45	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	239	46	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	240	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	240	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	240	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	240	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	240	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	240	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	240	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	240	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	240	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	240	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	241	1	84	84	NUM
arjefm-84	242	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	242	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	242	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	242	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	242	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	242	6	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
arjefm-84	242	7	includes	include	VERB
arjefm-84	242	8	22,027	22,027	NUM
arjefm-84	242	9	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-84	242	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	243	1	1,775	1,775	NUM
arjefm-84	243	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	243	3	declared	declare	VERB
arjefm-84	243	4	themselves	themselves	PRON
arjefm-84	243	5	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	243	6	while	while	SCONJ
arjefm-84	243	7	10,318	10,318	NUM
arjefm-84	243	8	declared	declare	VERB
arjefm-84	243	9	themselves	themselves	PRON
arjefm-84	243	10	self	self	NOUN
arjefm-84	243	11	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	243	12	employed	employ	VERB
arjefm-84	243	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	244	1	1,184	1,184	NUM
arjefm-84	244	2	receive	receive	VERB
arjefm-84	244	3	family	family	NOUN
arjefm-84	244	4	help	help	NOUN
arjefm-84	244	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	245	1	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	245	2	extracted	extract	VERB
arjefm-84	245	3	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	245	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	245	5	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	245	6	database	database	NOUN
arjefm-84	245	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	245	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	245	9	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-84	245	10	relating	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	245	11	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	245	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	245	13	1,775	1,775	NUM
arjefm-84	245	14	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	245	15	spread	spread	VERB
arjefm-84	245	16	throughout	throughout	ADP
arjefm-84	245	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	245	18	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-84	245	19	territory	territory	NOUN
arjefm-84	245	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	246	1	after	after	ADP
arjefm-84	246	2	clearance	clearance	NOUN
arjefm-84	246	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	246	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	246	5	total	total	NOUN
arjefm-84	246	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	246	7	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	246	8	135	135	NUM
arjefm-84	246	9	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	246	10	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	246	11	retained	retain	VERB
arjefm-84	246	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	246	13	whom	whom	PRON
arjefm-84	246	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	246	15	analyses	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	246	16	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	246	17	carried	carry	VERB
arjefm-84	246	18	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	246	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	247	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	247	2	remaining	remain	VERB
arjefm-84	247	3	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-84	247	4	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	247	5	suppressed	suppress	VERB
arjefm-84	247	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	247	7	reasons	reason	NOUN
arjefm-84	247	8	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	247	9	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	247	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	247	11	lack	lack	NOUN
arjefm-84	247	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	247	13	declared	declare	VERB
arjefm-84	247	14	salaries	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	247	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	248	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	248	2	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	248	3	surveyed	survey	VERB
arjefm-84	248	4	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	248	5	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
arjefm-84	248	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	248	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	248	8	littoral	littoral	ADJ
arjefm-84	248	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	248	10	atlantic	atlantic	ADJ
arjefm-84	248	11	department	department	NOUN
arjefm-84	248	12	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	248	13	21.76	21.76	NUM
arjefm-84	248	14	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	248	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	248	16	12.69	12.69	NUM
arjefm-84	248	17	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	248	18	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	248	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	249	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	2	importance	importance	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	249	4	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	249	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	7	coast	coast	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	249	9	justified	justify	VERB
arjefm-84	249	10	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	249	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	12	fact	fact	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	13	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	249	14	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	249	15	department	department	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	16	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	249	17	home	home	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	18	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	249	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	20	municipality	municipality	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	249	22	cotonou	cotonou	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	249	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	25	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	249	26	metropolis	metropolis	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	27	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	249	28	generally	generally	ADV
arjefm-84	249	29	referred	refer	VERB
arjefm-84	249	30	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	249	31	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	249	32	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	33	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	249	34	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	249	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	249	37	country	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	249	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	250	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	250	2	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	250	3	included	include	VERB
arjefm-84	250	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	250	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	250	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	250	7	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	250	8	composed	compose	VERB
arjefm-84	250	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	250	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	250	11	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	250	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	250	13	independent	independent	ADJ
arjefm-84	250	14	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	250	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	251	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	251	2	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	251	3	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	4	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	251	5	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	6	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	251	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	251	9	probit	probit	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	10	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	251	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	251	13	log	log	VERB
arjefm-84	251	14	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	251	15	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	16	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	251	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	18	functions	function	NOUN
arjefm-84	251	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	252	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	2	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	3	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	252	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	252	5	binary	binary	ADJ
arjefm-84	252	6	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	7	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	252	8	takes	take	VERB
arjefm-84	252	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	252	10	value	value	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	11	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	252	12	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	252	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	252	14	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	15	declares	declare	VERB
arjefm-84	252	16	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	252	17	he	he	PRON
arjefm-84	252	18	belongs	belong	VERB
arjefm-84	252	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	252	20	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	252	21	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	22	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	23	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	252	24	similar	similar	ADJ
arjefm-84	252	25	association	association	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	26	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	252	27	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	28	who	who	PRON
arjefm-84	252	29	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	252	30	defend	defend	VERB
arjefm-84	252	31	his	his	PRON
arjefm-84	252	32	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	33	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	34	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	252	35	participate	participate	VERB
arjefm-84	252	36	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	252	37	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	252	38	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
arjefm-84	252	39	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	252	40	0	0	NUM
arjefm-84	252	41	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
arjefm-84	252	42	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	253	1	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	253	2	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	253	3	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	253	4	calculated	calculate	VERB
arjefm-84	253	5	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	253	6	dividing	divide	VERB
arjefm-84	253	7	monthly	monthly	ADJ
arjefm-84	253	8	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	253	9	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	253	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	253	11	total	total	ADJ
arjefm-84	253	12	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	253	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	253	14	hours	hour	NOUN
arjefm-84	253	15	worked	work	VERB
arjefm-84	253	16	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	253	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	253	18	month	month	NOUN
arjefm-84	253	19	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	253	20	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	253	21	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	253	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	254	1	hours	hour	NOUN
arjefm-84	254	2	worked	work	VERB
arjefm-84	254	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	254	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	254	5	week	week	NOUN
arjefm-84	254	6	multiplied	multiply	VERB
arjefm-84	254	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	254	8	4.3	4.3	NUM
arjefm-84	254	9	weeks	week	NOUN
arjefm-84	254	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	254	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	254	12	month	month	NOUN
arjefm-84	254	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	254	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	255	1	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
arjefm-84	255	2	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	3	include	include	VERB
arjefm-84	255	4	socio	socio	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	5	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	255	6	demographic	demographic	ADJ
arjefm-84	255	7	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	8	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	255	9	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	255	10	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	255	12	sex	sex	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	255	14	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	255	15	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	16	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	255	17	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	18	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	255	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	256	1	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	256	2	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	256	3	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	256	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	256	5	determine	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	256	6	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	256	7	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	256	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	256	9	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	256	10	were	be	AUX
arjefm-84	256	11	mobilized	mobilize	VERB
arjefm-84	256	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	257	1	these	these	PRON
arjefm-84	257	2	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	257	3	sectors	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	257	5	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	257	7	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	257	8	/	/	SYM
arjefm-84	257	9	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	257	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	257	11	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	257	12	/	/	SYM
arjefm-84	257	13	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	257	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	257	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	257	16	vocational	vocational	ADJ
arjefm-84	257	17	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	257	19	length	length	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	257	21	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	257	23	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	257	25	working	work	VERB
arjefm-84	257	26	hours	hour	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	27	per	per	ADP
arjefm-84	257	28	month	month	NOUN
arjefm-84	257	29	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	258	1	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	2	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	258	3	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-84	258	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	258	5	differences	difference	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	258	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	258	8	socio	socio	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	9	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	258	10	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	258	11	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	258	13	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	14	according	accord	VERB
arjefm-84	258	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	258	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
arjefm-84	258	17	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	258	18	belong	belong	VERB
arjefm-84	258	19	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	258	20	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	258	21	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	22	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	23	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	258	24	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	258	25	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	258	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	259	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	259	2	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	259	3	comparison	comparison	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	4	tests	test	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	5	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	259	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	259	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	259	8	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	259	9	groups	group	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	259	11	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	12	differ	differ	VERB
arjefm-84	259	13	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
arjefm-84	259	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	259	15	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	259	17	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
arjefm-84	259	18	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	19	such	such	ADJ
arjefm-84	259	20	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	259	21	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	259	23	salary	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	259	25	sex	sex	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	259	27	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	259	28	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	29	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	259	30	length	length	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	31	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	259	32	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	259	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	260	1	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	2	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	260	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	260	4	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
arjefm-84	260	5	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	260	7	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	260	9	affiliation	affiliation	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	10	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	11	together	together	ADV
arjefm-84	260	12	unaffiliated	unaffiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	260	13	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	260	14	t	t	PROPN
arjefm-84	260	15	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	260	16	test	test	NOUN
arjefm-84	260	17	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	260	18	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	260	19	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	1	535,554	535,554	NUM
arjefm-84	261	2	515,892	515,892	NUM
arjefm-84	261	3	616,419	616,419	NUM
arjefm-84	261	4	-1,269	-1,269	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	5	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	6	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	8	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	9	36.165	36.165	NUM
arjefm-84	261	10	35.398	35.398	NUM
arjefm-84	261	11	39.315	39.315	NUM
arjefm-84	261	12	4.795	4.795	NUM
arjefm-84	261	13	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	14	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	15	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	16	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	17	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	18	36.39	36.39	NUM
arjefm-84	261	19	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	20	26.51	26.51	NUM
arjefm-84	261	21	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	22	77.03	77.03	NUM
arjefm-84	261	23	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	24	15.421	15.421	NUM
arjefm-84	261	25	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	26	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	27	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	28	female	female	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	29	sex	sex	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	30	23.00	23.00	NUM
arjefm-84	261	31	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	32	24.10	24.10	NUM
arjefm-84	261	33	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	34	18.47	18.47	NUM
arjefm-84	261	35	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	36	1.788	1.788	NUM
arjefm-84	261	37	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	38	educational	educational	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	39	attainment	attainment	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	40	none	none	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	41	27.05	27.05	NUM
arjefm-84	261	42	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	43	29.24	29.24	NUM
arjefm-84	261	44	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	45	18.02	18.02	NUM
arjefm-84	261	46	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	47	3.391	3.391	NUM
arjefm-84	261	48	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	49	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	50	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	51	primary	primary	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	52	14.71	14.71	NUM
arjefm-84	261	53	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	54	16.32	16.32	NUM
arjefm-84	261	55	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	56	8.11	8.11	NUM
arjefm-84	261	57	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	58	3.108	3.108	NUM
arjefm-84	261	59	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	60	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	61	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	62	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	63	35.68	35.68	NUM
arjefm-84	261	64	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	65	34.50	34.50	NUM
arjefm-84	261	66	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	67	40.54	40.54	NUM
arjefm-84	261	68	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	69	-1.685	-1.685	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	70	*	*	X
arjefm-84	261	71	upper	upper	ADJ
arjefm-84	261	72	22.56	22.56	NUM
arjefm-84	261	73	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	74	19.93	19.93	NUM
arjefm-84	261	75	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	76	33.33	33.33	NUM
arjefm-84	261	77	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	78	-4.316	-4.316	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	79	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	80	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	81	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	82	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	261	83	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	84	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	85	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	86	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	87	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	261	88	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	89	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	90	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	91	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	261	92	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	93	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	94	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	261	95	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	96	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	261	97	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	98	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	99	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	100	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	101	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	261	102	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	261	103	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	104	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	261	105	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	261	106	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	261	107	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	108	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	109	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	110	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	261	111	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	112	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	113	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	114	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	115	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	261	116	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	261	117	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	262	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	262	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	262	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	262	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	262	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	262	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	262	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	262	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	262	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	262	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	262	22	85	85	NUM
arjefm-84	263	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	263	2	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	263	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	5	e	e	PROPN
arjefm-84	263	6	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	263	7	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	8	bachelor	bachelor	VERB
arjefm-84	263	9	13.04	13.04	NUM
arjefm-84	263	10	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	11	14.56	14.56	NUM
arjefm-84	263	12	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	13	6.76	6.76	NUM
arjefm-84	263	14	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	15	3.110	3.110	NUM
arjefm-84	263	16	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	17	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	18	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	19	polygamous	polygamous	ADJ
arjefm-84	263	20	married	married	ADJ
arjefm-84	263	21	10.40	10.40	NUM
arjefm-84	263	22	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	23	9.64	9.64	NUM
arjefm-84	263	24	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	25	13.51	13.51	NUM
arjefm-84	263	26	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	27	-1.697	-1.697	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	28	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	29	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	30	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	31	monogamous	monogamous	ADJ
arjefm-84	263	32	married	marry	VERB
arjefm-84	263	33	65.81	65.81	NUM
arjefm-84	263	34	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	35	64.73	64.73	NUM
arjefm-84	263	36	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	37	70.27	70.27	NUM
arjefm-84	263	38	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	39	-1.561	-1.561	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	40	widowed	widow	VERB
arjefm-84	263	41	/	/	SYM
arjefm-84	263	42	divorced	divorce	VERB
arjefm-84	263	43	10.75	10.75	NUM
arjefm-84	263	44	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	45	11.06	11.06	NUM
arjefm-84	263	46	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	47	9.46	9.46	NUM
arjefm-84	263	48	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	49	0.691	0.691	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	51	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	263	52	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	53	15	15	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	55	24	24	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	57	3.35	3.35	NUM
arjefm-84	263	58	%	%	NOUN
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arjefm-84	263	60	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	61	3.15	3.15	NUM
arjefm-84	263	62	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	63	0.180	0.180	NUM
arjefm-84	263	64	10	10	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	66	14	14	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	69	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	70	11.17	11.17	NUM
arjefm-84	263	71	%	%	NOUN
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arjefm-84	263	73	%	%	NOUN
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arjefm-84	263	75	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	76	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	77	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	78	5	5	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	80	9	9	NUM
arjefm-84	263	81	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	82	17.71	17.71	NUM
arjefm-84	263	83	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	84	15.22	15.22	NUM
arjefm-84	263	85	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	86	27.93	27.93	NUM
arjefm-84	263	87	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	88	4.482	4.482	NUM
arjefm-84	263	89	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	90	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	91	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	92	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	263	93	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	263	94	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	263	95	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	96	25.90	25.90	NUM
arjefm-84	263	97	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	98	27.93	27.93	NUM
arjefm-84	263	99	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	100	17.57	17.57	NUM
arjefm-84	263	101	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	102	3.172	3.172	NUM
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arjefm-84	263	104	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	105	*	*	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	263	107	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	263	108	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	263	109	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	110	40.35	40.35	NUM
arjefm-84	263	111	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	112	42.28	42.28	NUM
arjefm-84	263	113	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	114	32.43	32.43	NUM
arjefm-84	263	115	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	116	2.688	2.688	NUM
arjefm-84	263	117	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	118	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	119	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	120	actual	actual	ADJ
arjefm-84	263	121	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	263	122	135	135	NUM
arjefm-84	263	123	913	913	NUM
arjefm-84	263	124	222	222	NUM
arjefm-84	263	125	note	note	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	126	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	127	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	128	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	129	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	130	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	131	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	132	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	133	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	263	134	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	135	indicate	indicate	VERB
arjefm-84	263	136	significance	significance	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	137	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	138	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	263	139	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	140	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	263	141	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	142	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	143	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	263	144	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	145	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	263	146	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	263	147	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	263	148	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	263	149	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	263	150	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	264	1	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	264	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	264	3	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	264	4	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	264	5	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	264	6	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	264	7	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	264	8	data	data	PROPN
arjefm-84	264	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	264	10	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	264	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	264	12	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	13	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	14	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	264	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	264	16	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	17	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	264	18	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	264	19	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	20	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	264	21	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	22	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	264	23	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	264	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	264	25	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	264	26	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	27	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	28	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	264	29	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
arjefm-84	264	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	265	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	265	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	265	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	265	4	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	265	5	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	265	6	appear	appear	VERB
arjefm-84	265	7	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	265	8	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	265	9	older	old	ADJ
arjefm-84	265	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	265	11	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	265	12	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	265	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	265	14	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	265	15	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	265	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	266	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	266	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	266	3	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	266	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	266	6	women	woman	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	7	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	266	8	less	less	ADV
arjefm-84	266	9	prone	prone	ADJ
arjefm-84	266	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	266	11	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	266	13	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	266	14	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	266	15	single	single	ADJ
arjefm-84	266	16	people	people	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	266	18	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	266	20	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	266	21	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	266	23	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	24	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	266	25	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	266	26	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	266	27	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	266	28	primary	primary	ADJ
arjefm-84	266	29	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	266	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	267	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	267	2	should	should	AUX
arjefm-84	267	3	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	267	4	noted	note	VERB
arjefm-84	267	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	267	6	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	267	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	267	8	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	267	9	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	267	10	who	who	PRON
arjefm-84	267	11	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	267	12	reached	reach	VERB
arjefm-84	267	13	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-84	267	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	267	15	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	267	16	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	267	17	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	267	18	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	267	19	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	267	20	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	267	21	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	267	22	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	267	23	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	267	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	268	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	268	2	addition	addition	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	268	4	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	268	5	realize	realize	VERB
arjefm-84	268	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	268	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	268	8	proportion	proportion	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	268	10	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	268	11	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	12	decreases	decrease	VERB
arjefm-84	268	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	268	14	seniority	seniority	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	15	measured	measure	VERB
arjefm-84	268	16	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	268	17	duration	duration	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	268	19	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	268	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	269	1	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	269	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	269	3	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	4	spends	spend	VERB
arjefm-84	269	5	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	269	6	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	269	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	269	9	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	269	11	he	he	PRON
arjefm-84	269	12	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	269	13	she	she	PRON
arjefm-84	269	14	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	269	15	less	less	ADV
arjefm-84	269	16	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	269	17	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	269	18	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	269	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	269	20	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	22	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	269	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	270	1	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	270	2	doubt	doubt	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	270	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	270	5	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	6	over	over	ADP
arjefm-84	270	7	time	time	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	270	9	manages	manage	VERB
arjefm-84	270	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	270	11	develop	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	270	12	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	270	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	14	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	270	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	270	16	employer	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	270	18	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	270	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	270	20	mass	mass	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	270	22	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	23	about	about	ADP
arjefm-84	270	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	270	25	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	26	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	270	27	reduces	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	270	28	information	information	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	29	asymmetries	asymmetry	NOUN
arjefm-84	270	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	271	1	5	5	X
arjefm-84	271	2	.	.	NOUN
arjefm-84	271	3	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	271	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	271	5	discussions	discussion	NOUN
arjefm-84	271	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	271	7	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	271	8	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-84	271	9	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	271	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	271	11	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	271	12	kinds	kind	NOUN
arjefm-84	271	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	272	1	first	first	ADV
arjefm-84	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	272	3	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	272	4	analyze	analyze	VERB
arjefm-84	272	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	272	6	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	272	8	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	9	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	10	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	272	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	12	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	13	depending	depend	VERB
arjefm-84	272	14	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	272	15	whether	whether	SCONJ
arjefm-84	272	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	272	17	individual	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	272	18	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	272	19	unionized	unionize	VERB
arjefm-84	272	20	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	272	21	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	272	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	273	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	273	2	should	should	AUX
arjefm-84	273	3	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	273	4	noted	note	VERB
arjefm-84	273	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	273	6	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	273	7	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	8	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	273	9	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
arjefm-84	273	10	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	273	11	leads	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	273	12	us	we	PRON
arjefm-84	273	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	273	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	273	15	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	273	16	second	second	ADJ
arjefm-84	273	17	step	step	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	273	19	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	273	20	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	273	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	273	22	gain	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	273	24	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	25	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	273	26	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	273	27	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	28	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	29	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	273	30	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	273	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	273	32	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	273	34	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	35	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	273	36	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	273	37	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	38	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	39	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	273	40	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	274	1	5.1	5.1	NUM
arjefm-84	274	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	275	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	275	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	275	4	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	275	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	7	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	275	9	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	10	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	11	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	275	12	presents	present	VERB
arjefm-84	275	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	275	14	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	275	15	econometric	econometric	ADJ
arjefm-84	275	16	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	17	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	275	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	275	19	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	275	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	22	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	23	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	275	24	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	25	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	275	26	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	275	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	276	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	276	2	estimates	estimate	NOUN
arjefm-84	276	3	lead	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	276	4	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	276	5	two	two	NUM
arjefm-84	276	6	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	276	7	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	276	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	277	1	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	277	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	277	3	one	one	NUM
arjefm-84	277	4	hand	hand	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	277	6	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	277	7	make	make	VERB
arjefm-84	277	8	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	277	9	possible	possible	ADJ
arjefm-84	277	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	277	11	identify	identify	VERB
arjefm-84	277	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	277	13	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	277	14	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	277	16	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	17	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	277	18	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	19	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	20	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	277	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	278	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	278	2	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	278	3	factors	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	4	explaining	explain	VERB
arjefm-84	278	5	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	6	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	278	8	depending	depend	VERB
arjefm-84	278	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	278	10	whether	whether	SCONJ
arjefm-84	278	11	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	278	12	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	278	13	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	278	14	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	15	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	16	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	278	17	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	278	18	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	278	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	278	20	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	278	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	278	23	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	278	24	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	278	25	highlighted	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	278	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	279	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	3	essentially	essentially	ADV
arjefm-84	279	4	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	279	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	279	6	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	8	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	10	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	12	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	279	13	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	15	duration	duration	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	17	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	18	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	279	19	seniority	seniority	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	279	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	279	22	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	24	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	25	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	26	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	279	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	279	29	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	30	affect	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	279	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	279	32	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	34	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	35	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	36	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	37	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	38	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	39	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	40	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	41	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	42	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	43	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	44	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	279	45	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	46	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	47	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	279	48	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	49	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	279	50	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	51	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	52	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	53	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	54	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	279	55	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	56	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	57	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	279	58	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	279	59	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	279	60	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	61	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	62	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	63	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	279	64	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	65	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	66	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	67	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	68	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	69	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	70	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	71	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	72	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	279	73	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	74	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	75	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	76	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	77	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	78	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	79	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	80	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	279	81	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	279	82	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	83	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	84	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	85	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	279	86	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	87	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	88	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	279	89	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	279	90	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	280	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	280	2	86	86	NUM
arjefm-84	281	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	281	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	281	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	281	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	281	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	281	6	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	281	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	282	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	282	2	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	3	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	282	4	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	282	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	282	6	variable	variable	ADJ
arjefm-84	282	7	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	282	8	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	282	10	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	11	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	12	"	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	282	13	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	282	14	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	282	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	282	16	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	282	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	282	18	supporting	support	VERB
arjefm-84	282	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	282	20	idea	idea	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	21	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	282	22	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	282	23	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	24	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	282	25	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	282	26	valid	valid	ADJ
arjefm-84	282	27	instrument	instrument	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	28	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	282	29	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	282	30	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	282	31	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	283	1	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	283	2	first	first	ADJ
arjefm-84	283	3	interesting	interesting	ADJ
arjefm-84	283	4	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	5	concerns	concern	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	283	7	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	283	8	tendency	tendency	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	283	10	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	283	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	283	13	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	283	14	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	15	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	283	16	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	283	17	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	18	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	19	compared	compare	VERB
arjefm-84	283	20	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	283	21	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	283	22	peers	peer	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	23	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	283	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	283	25	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	283	26	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	283	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	284	1	such	such	DET
arjefm-84	284	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	284	3	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	284	5	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	284	6	surprising	surprising	ADJ
arjefm-84	284	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	284	8	view	view	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	284	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	284	11	beninese	beninese	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	12	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	13	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	284	14	most	most	ADJ
arjefm-84	284	15	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	16	recruit	recruit	VERB
arjefm-84	284	17	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	284	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	284	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	284	20	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	284	21	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	284	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
arjefm-84	284	24	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	284	25	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	284	26	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	284	28	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	284	29	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	284	30	have	have	AUX
arjefm-84	284	31	shown	show	VERB
arjefm-84	284	32	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	284	33	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	284	34	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	284	35	above	above	ADV
arjefm-84	284	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	285	1	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	285	2	regard	regard	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	3	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	285	4	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	5	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	285	7	our	our	PRON
arjefm-84	285	8	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	9	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	285	10	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	285	11	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	12	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	285	13	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	285	14	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	285	15	25	25	NUM
arjefm-84	285	16	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	17	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	285	18	experience	experience	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	19	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	285	20	less	less	ADV
arjefm-84	285	21	likely	likely	ADJ
arjefm-84	285	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	285	23	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	285	24	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	285	25	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	26	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	27	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	28	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	285	29	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	285	30	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	31	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	285	32	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-84	285	33	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	285	34	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	285	35	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	36	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	285	37	seniority	seniority	NOUN
arjefm-84	285	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	286	1	one	one	NUM
arjefm-84	286	2	explanation	explanation	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	3	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	286	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	286	5	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	286	6	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	286	8	older	old	ADJ
arjefm-84	286	9	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	10	joining	join	VERB
arjefm-84	286	11	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	286	12	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	13	may	may	AUX
arjefm-84	286	14	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	286	15	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-84	286	16	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	286	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	286	18	desire	desire	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	286	20	entrylevel	entrylevel	ADJ
arjefm-84	286	21	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	22	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	286	23	engage	engage	VERB
arjefm-84	286	24	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	286	25	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	286	27	order	order	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	28	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	286	29	improve	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	286	30	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	286	31	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	32	experience	experience	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	33	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	286	34	fully	fully	ADV
arjefm-84	286	35	enjoy	enjoy	VERB
arjefm-84	286	36	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	286	37	rights	right	NOUN
arjefm-84	286	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	287	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	287	2	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	287	3	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	287	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	287	5	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	287	6	tenure	tenure	NOUN
arjefm-84	287	7	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	287	8	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	287	9	odds	odd	NOUN
arjefm-84	287	10	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	287	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	287	12	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	287	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	287	14	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	287	15	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	287	16	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	287	17	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	288	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	288	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	288	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	288	4	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	289	1	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	289	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	289	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	289	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	290	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	290	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	290	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	290	4	realizes	realize	VERB
arjefm-84	290	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	290	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	290	7	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	290	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	290	9	being	be	AUX
arjefm-84	290	10	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	290	11	increases	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	290	12	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	290	13	seniority	seniority	NOUN
arjefm-84	290	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	291	1	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	2	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	291	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	291	4	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	5	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	6	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	7	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	8	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	9	results	result	VERB
arjefm-84	291	10	independent	independent	ADJ
arjefm-84	291	11	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	12	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	291	13	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	14	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	291	15	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	291	16	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	291	17	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	18	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	19	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	20	unaffiliated	unaffiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	291	21	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	291	22	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	291	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	291	24	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	291	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	1	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	2	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	292	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	4	0.097	0.097	NUM
arjefm-84	292	5	-0.364	-0.364	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	6	*	*	X
arjefm-84	292	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	8	0.461	0.461	NUM
arjefm-84	292	9	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	10	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	11	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	13	0.059	0.059	NUM
arjefm-84	292	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	16	0.159	0.159	NUM
arjefm-84	292	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	19	0.159	0.159	NUM
arjefm-84	292	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	21	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	292	22	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	24	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	25	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	26	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	292	27	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	29	0.186	0.186	NUM
arjefm-84	292	30	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	31	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	32	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	33	-0.012	-0.012	NUM
arjefm-84	292	34	0.062	0.062	NUM
arjefm-84	292	35	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	36	0.058	0.058	NUM
arjefm-84	292	37	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	38	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	39	0.177	0.177	NUM
arjefm-84	292	40	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	41	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	42	0.193	0.193	NUM
arjefm-84	292	43	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	44	female	female	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	45	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	46	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	292	47	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	292	48	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	293	1	male	male	NOUN
arjefm-84	293	2	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	293	3	-0.001	-0.001	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	1	0.047	0.047	NUM
arjefm-84	294	2	0.001	0.001	NUM
arjefm-84	294	3	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	4	0.051	0.051	NUM
arjefm-84	294	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	7	0.101	0.101	NUM
arjefm-84	294	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	10	0.122	0.122	NUM
arjefm-84	294	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	12	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	13	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	14	0.121	0.121	NUM
arjefm-84	294	15	-0.069	-0.069	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	16	0.144	0.144	NUM
arjefm-84	294	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	18	0.088	0.088	NUM
arjefm-84	294	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	21	0.203	0.203	NUM
arjefm-84	294	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	24	0.208	0.208	NUM
arjefm-84	294	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	26	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	294	27	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	28	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	29	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	32	widowed	widow	VERB
arjefm-84	294	33	/	/	SYM
arjefm-84	294	34	divorced	divorced	ADJ
arjefm-84	294	35	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	36	bachelor	bachelor	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	37	0.206	0.206	NUM
arjefm-84	294	38	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	39	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	40	0.115	0.115	NUM
arjefm-84	294	41	-0.095	-0.095	NUM
arjefm-84	294	42	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	43	0.102	0.102	NUM
arjefm-84	294	44	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	45	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	46	0.144	0.144	NUM
arjefm-84	294	47	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	48	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	49	0.189	0.189	NUM
arjefm-84	294	50	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	51	polygamous	polygamous	NOUN
arjefm-84	294	52	married	marry	VERB
arjefm-84	294	53	0.240	0.240	NUM
arjefm-84	294	54	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	294	55	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	1	-0.374	-0.374	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	4	0.555	0.555	NUM
arjefm-84	295	5	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	295	6	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	9	0.117	0.117	NUM
arjefm-84	295	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	295	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	296	1	0.179	0.179	NUM
arjefm-84	296	2	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	296	3	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	296	4	0.197	0.197	NUM
arjefm-84	296	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	296	6	monogamous	monogamous	ADJ
arjefm-84	296	7	married	marry	VERB
arjefm-84	296	8	0.206	0.206	NUM
arjefm-84	296	9	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	296	10	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	1	0.004	0.004	NUM
arjefm-84	297	2	0.180	0.180	NUM
arjefm-84	297	3	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	4	0.100	0.100	NUM
arjefm-84	297	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	7	0.108	0.108	NUM
arjefm-84	297	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	10	0.146	0.146	NUM
arjefm-84	297	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	12	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	297	14	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	16	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	18	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	19	none	none	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	21	primary	primary	ADJ
arjefm-84	297	22	0.126	0.126	NUM
arjefm-84	297	23	*	*	SYM
arjefm-84	297	24	0.068	0.068	NUM
arjefm-84	297	25	-0.151	-0.151	SYM
arjefm-84	297	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	27	0.071	0.071	NUM
arjefm-84	297	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	29	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	30	0.157	0.157	NUM
arjefm-84	297	31	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	32	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	33	0.191	0.191	NUM
arjefm-84	297	34	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	35	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-84	297	36	0.147	0.147	NUM
arjefm-84	297	37	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	38	*	*	X
arjefm-84	297	39	0.139	0.139	NUM
arjefm-84	297	40	0.083	0.083	NUM
arjefm-84	297	41	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	42	0.062	0.062	NUM
arjefm-84	297	43	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	44	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	45	0.109	0.109	NUM
arjefm-84	297	46	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	47	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	48	0.137	0.137	NUM
arjefm-84	297	49	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	50	upper	upper	ADJ
arjefm-84	297	51	0.143	0.143	NUM
arjefm-84	297	52	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	53	0.268	0.268	NUM
arjefm-84	297	54	*	*	X
arjefm-84	297	55	*	*	NOUN
arjefm-84	297	56	0.017	0.017	NUM
arjefm-84	297	57	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	58	0.081	0.081	NUM
arjefm-84	297	59	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	60	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	61	0.131	0.131	NUM
arjefm-84	297	62	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	63	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	64	0.165	0.165	NUM
arjefm-84	297	65	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	297	66	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	297	67	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	298	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	298	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	298	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	298	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	298	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	298	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	298	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	298	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	298	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	298	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	298	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	298	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	299	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	299	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	299	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	299	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	299	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	299	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	299	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	299	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	299	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	299	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	299	22	87	87	NUM
arjefm-84	300	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	300	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	300	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	300	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	300	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	300	6	length	length	NOUN
arjefm-84	300	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	300	8	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	300	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	300	10	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	300	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	1	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	2	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-84	301	3	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	301	4	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	301	5	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	301	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	7	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	301	8	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	301	9	25	25	NUM
arjefm-84	301	10	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	301	11	0.028	0.028	NUM
arjefm-84	301	12	0.010	0.010	NUM
arjefm-84	301	13	0.057	0.057	NUM
arjefm-84	301	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	15	0.057	0.057	NUM
arjefm-84	301	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	18	0.097	0.097	NUM
arjefm-84	301	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	21	0.116	0.116	NUM
arjefm-84	301	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	23	over	over	ADP
arjefm-84	301	24	25	25	NUM
arjefm-84	301	25	years	year	NOUN
arjefm-84	301	26	-0.315	-0.315	PROPN
arjefm-84	301	27	*	*	NUM
arjefm-84	301	28	0.328	0.328	NUM
arjefm-84	301	29	-0.505	-0.505	NUM
arjefm-84	301	30	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	31	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	32	0.162	0.162	NUM
arjefm-84	301	33	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	34	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	35	0.232	0.232	NUM
arjefm-84	301	36	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	37	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	38	0.282	0.282	NUM
arjefm-84	301	39	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	40	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	301	41	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	301	42	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	301	43	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	1	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	2	unskilled	unskilled	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	3	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	302	4	semi	semi	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	5	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	6	skilled	skilled	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	7	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	302	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	9	qualified	qualified	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	10	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	302	11	0.440	0.440	NUM
arjefm-84	302	12	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	13	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	14	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	15	0.289	0.289	NUM
arjefm-84	302	16	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	17	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	18	-0.090	-0.090	PRON
arjefm-84	302	19	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	20	0.052	0.052	NUM
arjefm-84	302	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	22	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	23	0.127	0.127	NUM
arjefm-84	302	24	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	26	0.121	0.121	NUM
arjefm-84	302	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	302	28	middle	middle	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	29	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	302	30	senior	senior	ADJ
arjefm-84	302	31	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	302	32	0.911	0.911	NUM
arjefm-84	302	33	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	1	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	3	0.865	0.865	NUM
arjefm-84	303	4	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	5	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	6	*	*	X
arjefm-84	303	7	0.083	0.083	NUM
arjefm-84	303	8	independent	independent	ADJ
arjefm-84	303	9	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	10	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	303	11	variable	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	12	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	13	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	303	14	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	303	15	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	16	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	17	equation	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	18	unaffiliated	unaffiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	303	19	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	303	20	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	21	0.072	0.072	NUM
arjefm-84	303	22	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	24	0.127	0.127	NUM
arjefm-84	303	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	27	0.153	0.153	NUM
arjefm-84	303	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	29	number	number	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	303	31	hours	hour	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	32	worked	work	VERB
arjefm-84	303	33	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	303	34	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	303	35	month	month	NOUN
arjefm-84	303	36	-0.006	-0.006	PROPN
arjefm-84	303	37	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	38	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	39	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	303	40	-0.005	-0.005	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	1	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	5	0.000	0.000	NUM
arjefm-84	304	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	8	0.000	0.000	X
arjefm-84	304	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	10	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	304	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	304	12	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	304	13	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	304	14	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	304	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	16	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	304	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	18	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	19	yes	yes	INTJ
arjefm-84	304	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	21	1.396	1.396	NUM
arjefm-84	304	22	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	23	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	24	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	26	0.281	0.281	NUM
arjefm-84	304	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	28	constant	constant	ADJ
arjefm-84	304	29	6.156	6.156	NUM
arjefm-84	304	30	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	31	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	304	32	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	1	7.738	7.738	NUM
arjefm-84	305	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	4	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	5	-2.674	-2.674	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	6	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	8	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	10	0.305	0.305	NUM
arjefm-84	305	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	13	0.810	0.810	NUM
arjefm-84	305	14	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	16	0.725	0.725	NUM
arjefm-84	305	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	18	0.711	0.711	NUM
arjefm-84	305	19	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	20	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	21	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	22	0.760	0.760	NUM
arjefm-84	305	23	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	24	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	26	0.058	0.058	NUM
arjefm-84	305	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	28	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	29	0.139	0.139	NUM
arjefm-84	305	30	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	31	0.860	0.860	NUM
arjefm-84	305	32	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	33	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	34	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	35	-0.966	-0.966	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	36	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	37	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	38	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	39	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	40	0.196	0.196	NUM
arjefm-84	305	41	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	42	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	43	0.281	0.281	NUM
arjefm-84	305	44	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	45	wald	wald	NOUN
arjefm-84	305	46	test	test	NOUN
arjefm-84	305	47	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	305	48	indep	indep	NOUN
arjefm-84	305	49	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	50	eqns	eqns	PROPN
arjefm-84	305	51	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	52	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	53	chi2(2	chi2(2	PROPN
arjefm-84	305	54	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	305	55	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	1	88.430	88.430	NUM
arjefm-84	306	2	prob	prob	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	3	0.000	0.000	NUM
arjefm-84	306	4	log	log	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	5	pseudolikelihood	pseudolikelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	6	-1371.007	-1371.007	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	7	pseudo	pseudo	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	8	r2	r2	PROPN
arjefm-84	306	9	n	n	CCONJ
arjefm-84	306	10	1.135	1.135	NUM
arjefm-84	306	11	*	*	SYM
arjefm-84	306	12	p<0.1	p<0.1	NUM
arjefm-84	306	13	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	14	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	15	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	16	p<0.05	p<0.05	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	17	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	18	p<0.01	p<0.01	PROPN
arjefm-84	306	19	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	21	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	22	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	306	23	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	306	24	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	25	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	306	26	data	data	PROPN
arjefm-84	306	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	28	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	306	29	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	306	30	respect	respect	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	306	32	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	306	33	determinants	determinant	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	34	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	306	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	306	36	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	306	37	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	306	38	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	39	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	306	40	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	306	41	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	42	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	43	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	306	44	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	306	45	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	306	46	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	47	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	48	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	306	49	affiliates	affiliate	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	50	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	306	51	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-84	306	52	determined	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	306	53	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	306	54	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	306	55	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	56	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	306	57	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	306	58	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	307	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	307	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	307	3	only	only	ADV
arjefm-84	307	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	307	5	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	307	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	307	8	modalities	modality	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	9	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	307	10	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	307	11	secondary	secondary	ADJ
arjefm-84	307	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	307	13	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	307	14	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	15	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	307	16	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	307	17	at	at	ADP
arjefm-84	307	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	307	19	10	10	NUM
arjefm-84	307	20	percent	percent	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	307	22	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	307	23	percent	percent	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	24	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
arjefm-84	307	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	307	26	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	307	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	308	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	308	2	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	308	3	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	308	4	union	union	ADJ
arjefm-84	308	5	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	308	7	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	308	8	note	note	VERB
arjefm-84	308	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	308	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	308	11	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	12	increases	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	308	13	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	308	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	308	15	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	308	17	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	308	19	corroborating	corroborate	VERB
arjefm-84	308	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	308	21	idea	idea	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	308	23	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	308	24	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	25	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	308	26	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	308	27	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	308	28	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	308	29	return	return	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	30	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	308	31	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	308	32	highlighted	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	308	33	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	308	34	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	308	35	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	308	36	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	308	37	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	308	38	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	308	39	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	308	40	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	309	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
arjefm-84	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	309	3	among	among	ADP
arjefm-84	309	4	affiliates	affiliate	NOUN
arjefm-84	309	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	309	6	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	309	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	309	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	309	9	formal	formal	ADJ
arjefm-84	309	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	309	11	earn	earn	VERB
arjefm-84	309	12	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-84	309	13	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	309	14	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	309	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	309	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	309	17	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	309	18	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	309	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	309	20	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	309	21	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	309	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	310	2	difference	difference	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	3	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	310	4	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	310	5	explained	explain	VERB
arjefm-84	310	6	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	310	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	310	8	absence	absence	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	310	10	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	11	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	12	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	13	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	14	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	310	16	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	18	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	310	20	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	21	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	22	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	310	23	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	24	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	310	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	26	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	27	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	28	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	29	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	310	30	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	32	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	310	33	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	310	34	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	310	35	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	36	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	37	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	38	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	310	39	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	40	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	41	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	42	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	43	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	44	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	45	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	46	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	47	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	310	48	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	49	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	310	50	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	51	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	52	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	53	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	54	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	55	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	310	56	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	310	57	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	58	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	59	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	60	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	310	61	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	62	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	63	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	310	64	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	310	65	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	311	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	311	2	88	88	NUM
arjefm-84	312	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	312	2	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	312	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	6	taxes	taxis	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	312	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	312	9	informal	informal	ADJ
arjefm-84	312	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	11	affecting	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	312	12	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	13	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	312	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	313	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	313	2	same	same	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	3	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	313	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	313	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	313	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	313	7	polygamous	polygamous	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	8	marriages	marriage	NOUN
arjefm-84	313	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	313	10	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	313	11	appear	appear	VERB
arjefm-84	313	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	313	13	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	313	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	313	15	lower	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	16	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	17	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	18	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	313	19	than	than	SCONJ
arjefm-84	313	20	widowed	widow	VERB
arjefm-84	313	21	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	313	22	divorced	divorced	ADJ
arjefm-84	313	23	marriages	marriage	NOUN
arjefm-84	313	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	314	1	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	314	2	surprisingly	surprisingly	ADV
arjefm-84	314	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	314	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	314	5	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	314	7	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-84	314	9	affects	affect	VERB
arjefm-84	314	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	314	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	12	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	314	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	15	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	314	16	both	both	CCONJ
arjefm-84	314	17	affiliated	affiliated	ADJ
arjefm-84	314	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	314	19	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	314	20	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	314	21	affiliated	affiliated	ADJ
arjefm-84	314	22	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	314	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	315	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	315	2	appears	appear	VERB
arjefm-84	315	3	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	315	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	315	5	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	315	6	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	315	7	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	315	8	increases	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	315	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	315	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	315	11	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	315	12	's	's	PART
arjefm-84	315	13	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	315	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	316	1	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	316	3	laborers	laborer	NOUN
arjefm-84	316	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	316	5	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	6	semi	semi	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	7	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	8	skilled	skilled	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	9	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	316	10	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	316	11	paid	pay	VERB
arjefm-84	316	12	less	less	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	13	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	316	14	middle	middle	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	15	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	316	16	senior	senior	ADJ
arjefm-84	316	17	managers	manager	NOUN
arjefm-84	316	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	317	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
arjefm-84	317	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	318	1	gain	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	2	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	318	3	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	4	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	5	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	318	6	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-84	318	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	318	8	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	318	9	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	318	11	treatment	treatment	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	318	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	318	14	treaties	treaty	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	318	16	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	318	17	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	318	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	318	19	difference	difference	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	20	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	318	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	318	22	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	318	23	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	318	24	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	25	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	318	26	affiliated	affiliated	ADJ
arjefm-84	318	27	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	318	29	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	318	30	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	31	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	318	32	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	318	33	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	318	34	had	have	AUX
arjefm-84	318	35	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	318	36	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	318	37	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	318	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	319	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	319	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	319	3	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	319	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	319	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	319	6	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	319	7	premium	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	319	8	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	319	9	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	319	10	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	319	11	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	319	12	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	319	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	319	14	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	319	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	320	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	320	2	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	320	3	words	word	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	320	5	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	6	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	320	7	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	8	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	320	9	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	10	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	11	allows	allow	VERB
arjefm-84	320	12	them	they	PRON
arjefm-84	320	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	320	14	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	320	15	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	320	16	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	17	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	18	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	19	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	320	20	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	320	21	average	average	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	320	23	33.06	33.06	NUM
arjefm-84	320	24	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	320	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	321	2	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	321	3	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	321	5	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	7	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	8	highlighted	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	321	9	confirms	confirm	VERB
arjefm-84	321	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	321	11	predictions	prediction	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	12	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	321	13	previous	previous	ADJ
arjefm-84	321	14	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	16	schmidt	schmidt	NOUN
arjefm-84	321	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	18	202	202	NUM
arjefm-84	321	19	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	321	20	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	321	21	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	22	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	321	23	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	24	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	321	25	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	26	nahm	nahm	PROPN
arjefm-84	321	27	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	321	28	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	321	29	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	321	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	31	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	321	32	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	321	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	322	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	322	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	322	4	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
arjefm-84	322	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	322	6	202	202	NUM
arjefm-84	322	7	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	322	8	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	322	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	322	10	shows	show	VERB
arjefm-84	322	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	322	12	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	322	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	322	15	local	local	ADJ
arjefm-84	322	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	17	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	322	18	expatriate	expatriate	ADJ
arjefm-84	322	19	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	20	results	result	VERB
arjefm-84	322	21	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	322	22	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	322	23	reduction	reduction	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	24	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	322	25	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	322	26	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	27	gap	gap	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	28	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	322	29	expatriate	expatriate	ADJ
arjefm-84	322	30	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	31	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	322	32	national	national	ADJ
arjefm-84	322	33	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	322	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	323	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
arjefm-84	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	323	3	nahm	nahm	PROPN
arjefm-84	323	4	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	323	5	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	323	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	324	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	324	2	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	324	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	324	4	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	324	5	estimate	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	324	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	324	7	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	324	8	gain	gain	NOUN
arjefm-84	324	9	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	324	10	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	324	11	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	324	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	325	1	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	325	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	325	3	gender	gender	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	325	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	325	7	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	8	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	325	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	325	10	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	325	11	men	man	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	325	13	women	woman	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	14	earn	earn	VERB
arjefm-84	325	15	12	12	NUM
arjefm-84	325	16	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	325	18	18	18	NUM
arjefm-84	325	19	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	20	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	325	21	respectively	respectively	ADV
arjefm-84	325	22	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	325	23	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	325	24	nonunionized	nonunionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	325	25	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
arjefm-84	325	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	326	1	maleka	maleka	X
arjefm-84	326	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	326	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	326	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	327	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	327	2	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	327	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	327	4	argue	argue	VERB
arjefm-84	327	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	327	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	327	7	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	327	8	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	327	9	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	327	10	dampening	dampening	ADJ
arjefm-84	327	11	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	327	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	327	13	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	327	14	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	327	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	328	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	328	2	explanation	explanation	NOUN
arjefm-84	328	3	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	328	4	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	328	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	328	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	328	7	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	328	8	negotiate	negotiate	VERB
arjefm-84	328	9	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	328	10	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	328	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	328	12	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	328	13	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
arjefm-84	328	14	leads	lead	VERB
arjefm-84	328	15	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	328	16	greater	great	ADJ
arjefm-84	328	17	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	328	18	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	328	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	1	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	2	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	329	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	4	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	5	differential	differential	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	7	en	en	X
arjefm-84	329	8	fcfa	fcfa	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	10	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	329	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	12	affiliation	affiliation	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	13	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	329	14	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	329	15	affiliated	affiliate	VERB
arjefm-84	329	16	unaffiliated	unaffiliated	ADJ
arjefm-84	329	17	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	329	19	treatment	treatment	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	20	unionized	unionize	VERB
arjefm-84	329	21	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	22	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	23	a	a	X
arjefm-84	329	24	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	25	539,962	539,962	NUM
arjefm-84	329	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	27	b	b	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	29	405,808	405,808	NUM
arjefm-84	329	30	134,154	134,154	NUM
arjefm-84	329	31	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	32	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	33	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	34	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	329	35	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	329	36	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	329	37	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	38	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	39	c	c	NOUN
arjefm-84	329	40	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	329	41	1241,077	1241,077	NUM
arjefm-84	330	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	2	d	d	NOUN
arjefm-84	330	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	4	1119,158	1119,158	NUM
arjefm-84	330	5	121,919	121,919	NUM
arjefm-84	330	6	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	8	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	9	note	note	NOUN
arjefm-84	330	10	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	12	a	a	X
arjefm-84	330	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	330	15	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	16	d	d	X
arjefm-84	330	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	330	18	represent	represent	VERB
arjefm-84	330	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	330	20	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	330	21	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	330	22	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	330	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	2	b	b	X
arjefm-84	331	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	331	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	6	c	c	NOUN
arjefm-84	331	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	331	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	331	10	expected	expect	VERB
arjefm-84	331	11	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
arjefm-84	331	12	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	331	13	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	331	14	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	331	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	332	1	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	332	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	332	3	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	332	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	332	5	based	base	VERB
arjefm-84	332	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	332	7	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	332	8	results	result	VERB
arjefm-84	332	9	5.3	5.3	NUM
arjefm-84	332	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	333	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	333	3	robustness	robustness	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	333	5	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	6	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	333	7	test	test	VERB
arjefm-84	333	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	333	9	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	333	11	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	12	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	333	13	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	14	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	333	15	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	16	models	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	333	18	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	333	19	use	use	VERB
arjefm-84	333	20	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	21	score	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	22	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	333	24	psm	psm	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	333	26	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	27	typically	typically	ADV
arjefm-84	333	28	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	333	29	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	333	30	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	31	assessment	assessment	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	32	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	333	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	334	1	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	3	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	334	4	msp	msp	PROPN
arjefm-84	334	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	334	6	preceded	precede	VERB
arjefm-84	334	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	334	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	334	9	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	334	11	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	12	scores	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	13	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	334	14	treatment	treatment	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	15	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	16	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	334	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	334	18	probit	probit	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	19	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	334	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	334	22	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	334	24	which	which	PRON
arjefm-84	334	25	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	334	26	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-84	334	27	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	334	28	tableau	tableau	PROPN
arjefm-84	334	29	a1	a1	PROPN
arjefm-84	334	30	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	334	31	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	334	32	appendix	appendix	NOUN
arjefm-84	334	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	335	1	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	335	2	scores	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	335	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	335	4	as	as	SCONJ
arjefm-84	335	5	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	335	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	335	7	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	335	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	335	9	points	point	VERB
arjefm-84	335	10	out	out	ADP
arjefm-84	335	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	335	12	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	335	13	useful	useful	ADJ
arjefm-84	335	14	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	335	15	balancing	balance	VERB
arjefm-84	335	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	335	17	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	335	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	335	19	observed	observed	ADJ
arjefm-84	335	20	covariates	covariate	NOUN
arjefm-84	335	21	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	335	22	treated	treat	VERB
arjefm-84	335	23	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	335	24	untreated	untreated	ADJ
arjefm-84	335	25	groups	group	NOUN
arjefm-84	335	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	336	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	336	2	general	general	ADJ
arjefm-84	336	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	336	4	most	most	ADJ
arjefm-84	336	5	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	336	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	336	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	336	8	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	336	9	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	336	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	336	11	expected	expect	VERB
arjefm-84	336	12	signs	sign	NOUN
arjefm-84	336	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	337	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	337	2	figure	figure	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	3	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	337	4	presents	present	VERB
arjefm-84	337	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	337	6	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	337	8	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	337	9	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	10	scores	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	11	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	337	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	337	13	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	337	15	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-84	337	16	support	support	NOUN
arjefm-84	337	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	338	1	visual	visual	ADJ
arjefm-84	338	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	338	4	density	density	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	5	distributions	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	6	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	338	7	both	both	DET
arjefm-84	338	8	groups	group	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	9	reveals	reveal	VERB
arjefm-84	338	10	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	338	11	all	all	PRON
arjefm-84	338	12	treated	treat	VERB
arjefm-84	338	13	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	338	14	untreated	untreated	ADJ
arjefm-84	338	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	16	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	338	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	338	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	338	19	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-84	338	20	support	support	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	21	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	338	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	339	2	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	339	3	words	word	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	5	each	each	DET
arjefm-84	339	6	individual	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	7	had	have	VERB
arjefm-84	339	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	339	9	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	339	10	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	11	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	12	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	13	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	14	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	339	16	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	18	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	19	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	339	20	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	21	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	22	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	339	23	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	24	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	339	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	26	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	27	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	28	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	29	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	339	30	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	31	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	32	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	339	33	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	339	34	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	339	35	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	36	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	37	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	38	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	339	39	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	40	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	41	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	42	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	43	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	44	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	45	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	46	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	47	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	339	48	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	49	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	339	50	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	51	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	52	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	53	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	54	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	55	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	339	56	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	339	57	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	58	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	59	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	60	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	339	61	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	62	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	63	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	339	64	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	339	65	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	340	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	340	2	89	89	NUM
arjefm-84	341	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	341	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	341	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	341	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	6	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	341	8	being	be	AUX
arjefm-84	341	9	either	either	CCONJ
arjefm-84	341	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	341	11	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	12	affiliate	affiliate	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	13	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	341	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	341	15	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	341	16	-	-	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	17	affiliate	affiliate	NOUN
arjefm-84	341	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	342	1	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	342	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	342	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	342	4	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-84	342	5	support	support	NOUN
arjefm-84	342	6	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
arjefm-84	342	7	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	342	8	requires	require	VERB
arjefm-84	342	9	each	each	PRON
arjefm-84	342	10	treated	treat	VERB
arjefm-84	342	11	individual	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	342	12	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	342	13	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	342	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	342	15	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
arjefm-84	342	16	untreated	untreated	ADJ
arjefm-84	342	17	individual	individual	NOUN
arjefm-84	342	18	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	342	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	342	20	match	match	NOUN
arjefm-84	342	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	342	22	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	342	23	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
arjefm-84	342	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	343	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	5	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	343	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	8	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	343	10	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	11	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	12	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	343	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	14	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	343	16	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	17	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	18	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	343	19	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	343	20	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	21	kernel	kernel	PROPN
arjefm-84	343	22	matching	matching	PROPN
arjefm-84	343	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	24	km	km	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	26	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	27	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	28	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	29	nearest	near	ADJ
arjefm-84	343	30	neighbor	neighbor	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	31	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	32	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	33	nnm	nnm	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	34	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	35	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	36	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	343	37	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	343	38	radius	radius	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	39	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	40	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	41	rm	rm	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	42	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	343	43	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	44	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	343	45	presented	present	VERB
arjefm-84	343	46	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	343	47	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	343	48	4	4	NUM
arjefm-84	343	49	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	344	1	all	all	DET
arjefm-84	344	2	three	three	NUM
arjefm-84	344	3	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	4	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
arjefm-84	344	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	344	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	8	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	9	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	344	10	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	344	11	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	344	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	344	13	significant	significant	ADJ
arjefm-84	344	14	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	15	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	344	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	344	17	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	344	18	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	344	20	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	21	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	344	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	345	1	these	these	DET
arjefm-84	345	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	3	confirm	confirm	VERB
arjefm-84	345	4	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	345	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	345	6	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	345	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	345	8	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	9	method	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	10	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	345	11	regime	regime	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	12	change	change	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	13	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	345	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	345	15	previous	previous	ADJ
arjefm-84	345	16	section	section	NOUN
arjefm-84	345	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	346	1	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	346	2	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	346	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	346	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
arjefm-84	346	5	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	346	6	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	346	7	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	346	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	346	9	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	346	10	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	346	11	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	346	12	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	347	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	347	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	5	bryson	bryson	PROPN
arjefm-84	347	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	7	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	347	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	347	10	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	347	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	12	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	347	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	347	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	348	1	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	348	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	348	3	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	348	4	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	349	1	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	349	2	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	349	3	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	349	4	showed	show	VERB
arjefm-84	349	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	349	6	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	349	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	349	9	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	349	10	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	349	12	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	14	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	15	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	349	16	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	17	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	349	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	350	1	bryson	bryson	PROPN
arjefm-84	350	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	350	3	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	350	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	350	5	concludes	conclude	VERB
arjefm-84	350	6	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	350	7	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	8	organized	organize	VERB
arjefm-84	350	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	350	10	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	11	benefit	benefit	VERB
arjefm-84	350	12	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	350	13	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	350	14	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	15	called	call	VERB
arjefm-84	350	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	17	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	18	premiums	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	350	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	351	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	351	2	his	his	PRON
arjefm-84	351	3	part	part	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	351	5	ngom	ngom	ADV
arjefm-84	351	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	351	7	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	351	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	351	9	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	351	10	finds	find	VERB
arjefm-84	351	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	351	12	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	13	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	14	increases	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	351	15	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	351	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	351	17	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	18	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	351	19	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	351	20	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	21	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	351	22	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	351	23	company	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	351	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	352	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	352	2	other	other	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	3	words	word	NOUN
arjefm-84	352	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	352	5	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	6	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	352	7	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	352	8	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	9	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	352	10	than	than	ADP
arjefm-84	352	11	non	non	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	12	-	-	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	13	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	352	14	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	352	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	1	our	our	PRON
arjefm-84	353	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	353	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	353	4	corroborate	corroborate	VERB
arjefm-84	353	5	those	those	PRON
arjefm-84	353	6	found	find	VERB
arjefm-84	353	7	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	353	8	laroche	laroche	PROPN
arjefm-84	353	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	10	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	353	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	13	coutrot	coutrot	PROPN
arjefm-84	353	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	15	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	353	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	353	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	19	najem	najem	VERB
arjefm-84	353	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	353	21	paquet	paquet	X
arjefm-84	353	22	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	23	2007	2007	NUM
arjefm-84	353	24	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	353	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	354	1	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	354	2	example	example	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	354	4	coutrot	coutrot	PROPN
arjefm-84	354	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	354	6	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	354	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	354	8	reported	report	VERB
arjefm-84	354	9	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	354	10	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	354	11	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	12	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	13	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	354	15	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	16	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	354	17	there	there	PRON
arjefm-84	354	18	was	be	VERB
arjefm-84	354	19	at	at	ADV
arjefm-84	354	20	least	least	ADV
arjefm-84	354	21	one	one	NUM
arjefm-84	354	22	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	23	representative	representative	NOUN
arjefm-84	354	24	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	355	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	355	2	thus	thus	ADV
arjefm-84	355	3	confirms	confirm	VERB
arjefm-84	355	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	355	5	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	355	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	355	8	causal	causal	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	9	link	link	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	10	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	355	11	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	355	12	presence	presence	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	13	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	355	14	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	355	15	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	355	18	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	355	19	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	355	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	355	22	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	23	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	355	24	salary	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	355	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	1	najem	najem	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	356	3	paquet	paquet	X
arjefm-84	356	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	5	2007	2007	NUM
arjefm-84	356	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	7	highlight	highlight	VERB
arjefm-84	356	8	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	356	9	difference	difference	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	10	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	356	11	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	356	12	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	13	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	356	14	unionized	unionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	356	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	356	16	nonunionized	nonunionized	ADJ
arjefm-84	356	17	employees	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	356	19	favour	favour	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	356	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	356	22	former	former	ADJ
arjefm-84	356	23	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	356	24	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	25	4	4	NUM
arjefm-84	356	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	27	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	28	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	356	29	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	30	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	31	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	356	32	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	356	33	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	34	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	35	methods	method	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	36	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	356	37	kernel	kernel	PROPN
arjefm-84	356	38	matching	matching	PROPN
arjefm-84	356	39	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	40	km	km	NOUN
arjefm-84	356	41	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	356	42	0,164	0,164	NOUN
arjefm-84	357	1	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	5	0,069	0,069	NUM
arjefm-84	357	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	7	nearest	near	ADJ
arjefm-84	357	8	neighbor	neighbor	NOUN
arjefm-84	357	9	matching	matching	PROPN
arjefm-84	357	10	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	11	nnm	nnm	NOUN
arjefm-84	357	12	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	357	13	0,092	0,092	NUM
arjefm-84	358	1	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	3	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	4	0,078	0,078	NUM
arjefm-84	358	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	6	radius	radius	NOUN
arjefm-84	358	7	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	358	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	9	rm	rm	PROPN
arjefm-84	358	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	358	11	0,326	0,326	NUM
arjefm-84	359	1	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	2	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	5	0,062	0,062	NUM
arjefm-84	359	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	7	figure	figure	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	8	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	359	9	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	10	distribution	distribution	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	359	12	estimated	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	359	13	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	14	scores	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	359	16	common	common	ADJ
arjefm-84	359	17	support	support	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	18	region	region	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	19	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	21	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	359	22	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	359	23	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	359	24	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	359	25	data	data	PROPN
arjefm-84	359	26	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	359	27	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	359	28	0	0	NUM
arjefm-84	360	1	.2	.2	NUM
arjefm-84	360	2	.4	.4	NUM
arjefm-84	361	1	.6	.6	NUM
arjefm-84	361	2	.8	.8	NUM
arjefm-84	361	3	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	361	4	score	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	361	5	untreated	untreate	VERB
arjefm-84	361	6	treated	treat	VERB
arjefm-84	361	7	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	361	8	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	362	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	362	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	362	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	362	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	362	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	362	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	362	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	362	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	362	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	362	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	362	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	362	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	363	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	363	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	363	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	363	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	363	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	363	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	363	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	363	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	363	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	363	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	364	1	90	90	NUM
arjefm-84	365	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	365	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	365	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	365	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	365	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	365	6	note	note	NOUN
arjefm-84	365	7	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	365	8	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	365	9	errors	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	365	10	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	365	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	365	12	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
arjefm-84	365	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	366	1	p<0.01	p<0.01	ADJ
arjefm-84	366	2	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	366	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	366	4	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	366	5	pp<0.05	pp<0.05	NOUN
arjefm-84	366	6	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	366	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	367	1	pp<0.1	pp<0.1	NOUN
arjefm-84	367	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	368	1	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	368	3	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	4	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	368	5	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	368	6	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	368	7	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	368	8	data	data	PROPN
arjefm-84	368	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	368	10	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	368	11	overall	overall	ADJ
arjefm-84	368	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	368	13	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	368	14	seems	seem	VERB
arjefm-84	368	15	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
arjefm-84	368	16	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	368	17	conclude	conclude	VERB
arjefm-84	368	18	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	368	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	368	20	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	368	22	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	23	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	24	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	368	25	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	368	26	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	368	27	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	368	28	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	368	29	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	368	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	369	1	such	such	DET
arjefm-84	369	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	369	3	result	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	4	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	369	5	very	very	ADV
arjefm-84	369	6	important	important	ADJ
arjefm-84	369	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	369	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	369	9	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	369	10	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	11	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	369	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	369	13	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	369	15	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	16	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	369	18	corporate	corporate	ADJ
arjefm-84	369	19	governance	governance	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	20	has	have	AUX
arjefm-84	369	21	been	be	AUX
arjefm-84	369	22	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	369	23	subject	subject	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	369	25	multiple	multiple	ADJ
arjefm-84	369	26	reforms	reform	NOUN
arjefm-84	369	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	370	1	public	public	ADJ
arjefm-84	370	2	authorities	authority	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	3	must	must	AUX
arjefm-84	370	4	consider	consider	VERB
arjefm-84	370	5	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	6	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	7	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	370	8	privileged	privileged	ADJ
arjefm-84	370	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
arjefm-84	370	10	partners	partner	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	370	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	370	13	service	service	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	14	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	370	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	370	16	well	well	ADV
arjefm-84	370	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	370	18	being	being	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	370	20	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	370	21	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	22	members	member	NOUN
arjefm-84	370	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	371	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	371	2	advantages	advantage	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	3	inherent	inherent	ADJ
arjefm-84	371	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	371	5	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	6	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	7	action	action	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	8	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
arjefm-84	371	9	prove	prove	VERB
arjefm-84	371	10	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
arjefm-84	371	11	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	371	12	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	371	13	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	14	themselves	themselves	PRON
arjefm-84	371	15	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-84	371	16	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	371	17	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	371	18	sources	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	371	20	motivation	motivation	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	21	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	371	22	commitment	commitment	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	23	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	371	24	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	371	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	371	26	christian	christian	PROPN
arjefm-84	371	27	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	371	28	al	al	PROPN
arjefm-84	371	29	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	371	30	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	371	31	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	371	32	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	371	33	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	372	1	however	however	ADV
arjefm-84	372	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	372	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	372	4	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	372	5	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	372	6	not	not	PART
arjefm-84	372	7	systematic	systematic	ADJ
arjefm-84	372	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	372	9	depends	depend	VERB
arjefm-84	372	10	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	372	11	several	several	ADJ
arjefm-84	372	12	factors	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	372	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	372	14	bryson	bryson	PROPN
arjefm-84	372	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	372	16	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	372	17	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	372	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	373	1	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	373	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	373	3	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	373	4	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	373	5	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	373	6	notes	note	VERB
arjefm-84	373	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	373	8	senegal	senegal	NOUN
arjefm-84	373	9	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	373	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	373	11	was	be	AUX
arjefm-84	373	12	relatively	relatively	ADV
arjefm-84	373	13	low	low	ADJ
arjefm-84	373	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	373	15	companies	company	NOUN
arjefm-84	373	16	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	373	17	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	373	18	strong	strong	ADJ
arjefm-84	373	19	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	373	20	presence	presence	NOUN
arjefm-84	373	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	374	1	6	6	X
arjefm-84	374	2	.	.	X
arjefm-84	374	3	conclusion	conclusion	VERB
arjefm-84	374	4	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	374	5	objective	objective	NOUN
arjefm-84	374	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	374	7	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	374	8	article	article	NOUN
arjefm-84	374	9	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	374	10	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	374	11	empirically	empirically	ADV
arjefm-84	374	12	assess	assess	VERB
arjefm-84	374	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	374	14	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	374	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	374	16	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	374	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	374	18	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	374	19	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	374	20	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	374	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	375	1	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	375	2	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	375	3	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	375	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	375	5	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	375	6	used	use	VERB
arjefm-84	375	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	375	8	methodological	methodological	ADJ
arjefm-84	375	9	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	10	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	375	11	allows	allow	VERB
arjefm-84	375	12	us	we	PRON
arjefm-84	375	13	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	375	14	take	take	VERB
arjefm-84	375	15	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	375	16	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	17	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	375	18	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	375	19	problems	problem	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	20	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	375	21	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	22	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	375	23	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	375	24	decision	decision	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	25	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	375	26	join	join	VERB
arjefm-84	375	27	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	375	28	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	29	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	375	30	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	31	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	32	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	33	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	375	34	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
arjefm-84	375	35	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
arjefm-84	375	36	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	376	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	376	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	3	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	376	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	376	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	376	6	probability	probability	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	376	8	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	9	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	10	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	376	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
arjefm-84	376	12	influenced	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	376	13	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	376	14	industry	industry	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	376	16	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	376	18	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	376	20	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	376	21	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	376	23	duration	duration	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	24	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	376	25	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	26	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	376	27	seniority	seniority	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	28	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	376	29	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	30	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	376	31	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	376	32	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	376	33	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	34	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	376	35	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	376	36	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
arjefm-84	376	37	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	377	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	377	2	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	377	4	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	5	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	377	7	determined	determine	VERB
arjefm-84	377	8	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	377	9	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	377	10	sector	sector	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	377	12	activity	activity	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	377	14	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	377	15	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	16	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	377	17	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	18	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	377	19	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	377	20	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	21	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	377	22	qualification	qualification	NOUN
arjefm-84	377	23	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	378	1	more	more	ADV
arjefm-84	378	2	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
arjefm-84	378	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	378	4	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	378	5	produces	produce	VERB
arjefm-84	378	6	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	378	7	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	378	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	378	9	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	378	10	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	378	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	378	12	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	378	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	379	1	concretely	concretely	ADV
arjefm-84	379	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	379	3	we	we	PRON
arjefm-84	379	4	show	show	VERB
arjefm-84	379	5	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	379	6	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	7	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	379	8	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	379	9	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	10	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	11	organization	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	12	allows	allow	VERB
arjefm-84	379	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	379	14	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	15	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	379	16	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	379	17	his	his	PRON
arjefm-84	379	18	average	average	ADJ
arjefm-84	379	19	hourly	hourly	ADJ
arjefm-84	379	20	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	21	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	379	22	about	about	ADV
arjefm-84	379	23	33.06	33.06	NUM
arjefm-84	379	24	%	%	NOUN
arjefm-84	379	25	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	380	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	380	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	380	3	inferred	infer	VERB
arjefm-84	380	4	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	380	5	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	380	6	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	380	7	promotes	promote	VERB
arjefm-84	380	8	higher	high	ADJ
arjefm-84	380	9	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	380	10	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	380	11	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	380	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	381	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	381	2	existence	existence	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	381	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	381	5	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	6	premium	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	7	associated	associate	VERB
arjefm-84	381	8	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	381	9	unionization	unionization	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	10	suggests	suggest	VERB
arjefm-84	381	11	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	381	12	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	13	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	14	play	play	VERB
arjefm-84	381	15	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	381	16	important	important	ADJ
arjefm-84	381	17	role	role	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	18	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	381	19	improving	improve	VERB
arjefm-84	381	20	working	work	VERB
arjefm-84	381	21	conditions	condition	NOUN
arjefm-84	381	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	382	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	382	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	382	3	beninese	beninese	ADJ
arjefm-84	382	4	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	5	where	where	SCONJ
arjefm-84	382	6	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	7	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	8	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	382	9	quasirigid	quasirigid	ADJ
arjefm-84	382	10	regardless	regardless	ADV
arjefm-84	382	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	382	12	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
arjefm-84	382	13	shocks	shock	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	14	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	382	15	erode	erode	VERB
arjefm-84	382	16	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	17	'	'	PART
arjefm-84	382	18	purchasing	purchasing	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	19	power	power	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	382	21	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	382	22	seems	seem	VERB
arjefm-84	382	23	necessary	necessary	ADJ
arjefm-84	382	24	for	for	SCONJ
arjefm-84	382	25	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	26	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	27	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	28	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	382	29	fully	fully	ADV
arjefm-84	382	30	invest	invest	VERB
arjefm-84	382	31	their	their	PRON
arjefm-84	382	32	mission	mission	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	33	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	382	34	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
arjefm-84	382	35	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	382	36	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	382	37	state	state	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	38	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	382	39	private	private	ADJ
arjefm-84	382	40	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	382	41	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	383	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	383	2	results	result	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	3	obtained	obtain	VERB
arjefm-84	383	4	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	383	5	help	help	VERB
arjefm-84	383	6	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	7	organizations	organization	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	8	anticipate	anticipate	VERB
arjefm-84	383	9	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
arjefm-84	383	10	responses	response	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	11	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	383	12	paying	pay	VERB
arjefm-84	383	13	attention	attention	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	14	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	383	15	salary	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	16	levels	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	17	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	383	18	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	19	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	383	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	384	1	it	it	PRON
arjefm-84	384	2	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	384	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	384	4	influence	influence	VERB
arjefm-84	384	5	collective	collective	ADJ
arjefm-84	384	6	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
arjefm-84	384	7	processes	process	NOUN
arjefm-84	384	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	385	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	385	2	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	3	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	4	premium	premium	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	5	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	385	6	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	385	7	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	385	8	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	385	9	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	10	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	385	11	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	12	when	when	SCONJ
arjefm-84	385	13	they	they	PRON
arjefm-84	385	14	induce	induce	VERB
arjefm-84	385	15	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	385	16	increase	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	385	18	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	19	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	20	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	385	21	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	385	22	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	23	selection	selection	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	24	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
arjefm-84	385	25	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	385	26	that	that	PRON
arjefm-84	385	27	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	385	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	386	1	if	if	SCONJ
arjefm-84	386	2	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	386	3	best	good	ADJ
arjefm-84	386	4	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	386	5	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	386	6	attracted	attract	VERB
arjefm-84	386	7	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	386	8	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	386	9	above	above	ADP
arjefm-84	386	10	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	386	11	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	386	12	rate	rate	NOUN
arjefm-84	386	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	387	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
arjefm-84	387	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	387	3	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	387	4	positive	positive	ADJ
arjefm-84	387	5	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	6	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	387	7	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	8	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	9	benefit	benefit	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	10	employers	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	11	provided	provide	VERB
arjefm-84	387	12	that	that	SCONJ
arjefm-84	387	13	workers	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	14	increase	increase	VERB
arjefm-84	387	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	387	16	effort	effort	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	17	through	through	ADP
arjefm-84	387	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	19	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	387	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	388	1	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	2	can	can	AUX
arjefm-84	388	3	also	also	ADV
arjefm-84	388	4	benefit	benefit	VERB
arjefm-84	388	5	by	by	ADP
arjefm-84	388	6	becoming	become	VERB
arjefm-84	388	7	more	more	ADJ
arjefm-84	388	8	capital	capital	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	9	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	388	10	intensive	intensive	ADJ
arjefm-84	388	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	388	12	response	response	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	13	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	388	14	increases	increase	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	15	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	388	16	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	388	17	relative	relative	ADJ
arjefm-84	388	18	price	price	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	388	20	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	388	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	389	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	389	2	any	any	DET
arjefm-84	389	3	case	case	NOUN
arjefm-84	389	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	389	5	this	this	PRON
arjefm-84	389	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	389	7	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	389	8	avenue	avenue	NOUN
arjefm-84	389	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	389	10	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	389	11	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	389	12	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	389	13	explored	explore	VERB
arjefm-84	389	14	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	389	15	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	389	16	context	context	NOUN
arjefm-84	389	17	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	389	18	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	389	19	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	389	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	390	1	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	390	2	additional	additional	ADJ
arjefm-84	390	3	dimension	dimension	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	4	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	390	5	be	be	AUX
arjefm-84	390	6	taken	take	VERB
arjefm-84	390	7	into	into	ADP
arjefm-84	390	8	account	account	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	390	10	this	this	DET
arjefm-84	390	11	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	12	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	390	13	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	390	14	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	15	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	390	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	17	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	18	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	390	19	individual	individual	ADJ
arjefm-84	390	20	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	21	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	390	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	391	1	salary	salary	NOUN
arjefm-84	391	2	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	391	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	391	4	component	component	NOUN
arjefm-84	391	5	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	391	6	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	391	7	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	391	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	392	1	future	future	ADJ
arjefm-84	392	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	392	3	should	should	AUX
arjefm-84	392	4	investigate	investigate	VERB
arjefm-84	392	5	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	392	6	potential	potential	ADJ
arjefm-84	392	7	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	392	8	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	392	9	worker	worker	NOUN
arjefm-84	392	10	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	392	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	393	1	such	such	DET
arjefm-84	393	2	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	393	3	line	line	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	393	5	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	6	is	be	AUX
arjefm-84	393	7	interesting	interesting	ADJ
arjefm-84	393	8	to	to	PART
arjefm-84	393	9	explore	explore	VERB
arjefm-84	393	10	because	because	SCONJ
arjefm-84	393	11	joining	join	VERB
arjefm-84	393	12	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	393	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	14	has	have	VERB
arjefm-84	393	15	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	393	16	cost	cost	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	17	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	393	18	terms	term	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	393	20	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	21	dues	due	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	22	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	393	23	lost	lose	VERB
arjefm-84	393	24	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	25	due	due	ADP
arjefm-84	393	26	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	393	27	write	write	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	28	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	393	29	offs	off	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	30	related	relate	VERB
arjefm-84	393	31	to	to	ADP
arjefm-84	393	32	possible	possible	ADJ
arjefm-84	393	33	strikes	strike	NOUN
arjefm-84	393	34	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	394	1	7	7	X
arjefm-84	394	2	.	.	NUM
arjefm-84	394	3	references	reference	NOUN
arjefm-84	394	4	borland	borland	PROPN
arjefm-84	394	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	394	6	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	394	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	394	8	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	394	9	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	394	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	395	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	395	2	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	395	3	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	395	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	395	5	dispersion	dispersion	NOUN
arjefm-84	395	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	395	7	australia	australia	PROPN
arjefm-84	395	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	396	1	british	british	PROPN
arjefm-84	396	2	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	396	3	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	396	4	industrial	industrial	ADJ
arjefm-84	396	5	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	396	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	396	7	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	396	8	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	396	9	34	34	NUM
arjefm-84	396	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	396	11	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	396	12	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	396	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	396	14	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	396	15	237	237	NUM
arjefm-84	396	16	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	396	17	248	248	NUM
arjefm-84	396	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	397	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	397	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	398	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	398	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	398	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	398	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	398	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	398	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	398	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	398	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	398	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	398	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	398	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	398	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	399	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	399	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	399	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	399	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	399	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	399	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	399	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	399	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	399	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	399	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	400	1	91	91	NUM
arjefm-84	401	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	401	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	401	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	401	4	g	g	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	5	e	e	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	6	bryson	bryson	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	401	8	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	9	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	401	10	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	401	11	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	401	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	401	13	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	401	14	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	401	15	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	401	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	401	17	iza	iza	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	18	world	world	PROPN
arjefm-84	401	19	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	401	20	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	401	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	1	budd	budd	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	4	w.	w.	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	6	chi	chi	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	8	w.	w.	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	10	wang	wang	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	12	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	14	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	402	15	xie	xie	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	17	q.	q.	PROPN
arjefm-84	402	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	19	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	402	20	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	402	21	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	403	1	what	what	PRON
arjefm-84	403	2	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	403	3	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	403	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	403	5	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	403	6	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	403	7	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	404	1	provincial	provincial	ADJ
arjefm-84	404	2	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	404	3	level	level	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	4	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	404	6	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	404	8	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	404	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	404	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	404	13	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	404	14	output	output	NOUN
arjefm-84	404	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	405	1	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	405	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	405	3	labor	labor	PROPN
arjefm-84	405	4	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	405	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	405	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	405	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	405	8	35	35	NUM
arjefm-84	405	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	405	10	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	405	11	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	405	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	405	13	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	405	14	185204	185204	NUM
arjefm-84	405	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	1	card	card	NOUN
arjefm-84	406	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	3	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	5	lemieux	lemieux	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	7	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	406	10	riddell	riddell	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	12	w.	w.	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	13	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	406	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	15	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	406	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	406	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	407	1	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	407	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	407	3	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	407	4	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	407	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	408	1	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	408	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	408	3	labor	labor	PROPN
arjefm-84	408	4	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	408	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	408	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	408	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	408	8	25	25	NUM
arjefm-84	408	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	408	10	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	408	11	4	4	NUM
arjefm-84	408	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	408	13	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	408	14	519	519	NUM
arjefm-84	408	15	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	408	16	559	559	NUM
arjefm-84	408	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	1	christian	christian	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	409	4	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	6	garza	garza	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	8	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	9	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	11	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	409	12	slaughter	slaughter	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	14	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	15	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-84	409	16	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	17	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	409	18	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	409	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	410	1	work	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	2	engagement	engagement	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	3	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	410	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	410	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
arjefm-84	410	6	review	review	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	410	8	test	test	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	9	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	410	10	its	its	PRON
arjefm-84	410	11	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	12	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	410	13	task	task	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	14	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	410	15	contextual	contextual	ADJ
arjefm-84	410	16	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	410	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	411	1	personnel	personnel	NOUN
arjefm-84	411	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
arjefm-84	411	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	411	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	411	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	411	6	64	64	NUM
arjefm-84	411	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	411	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	411	9	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	411	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	411	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	411	12	89	89	NUM
arjefm-84	411	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	411	14	136	136	NUM
arjefm-84	411	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	412	1	coutrot	coutrot	PROPN
arjefm-84	412	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	412	3	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-84	412	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	412	5	1996	1996	NUM
arjefm-84	412	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	412	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	413	1	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	413	2	sociales	sociales	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	3	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	4	performance	performance	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	5	économique	économique	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	413	7	une	une	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	8	première	première	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	9	analyse	analyse	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	10	empirique	empirique	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	11	du	du	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	12	cas	cas	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	13	français	français	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	14	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	413	15	les	les	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	16	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	413	17	sociales	sociales	PROPN
arjefm-84	413	18	en	en	X
arjefm-84	413	19	entreprise	entreprise	X
arjefm-84	413	20	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	414	1	travail	travail	PROPN
arjefm-84	414	2	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	414	3	emploi	emploi	PROPN
arjefm-84	414	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	414	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	414	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	414	7	66	66	NUM
arjefm-84	414	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	414	9	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	414	10	39	39	NUM
arjefm-84	414	11	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	414	12	58	58	NUM
arjefm-84	414	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	1	danish	danish	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	2	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	3	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	4	development	development	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	5	agency	agency	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	7	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	415	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	10	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	415	11	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	415	12	profile	profile	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	13	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	14	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	15	2021/2022	2021/2022	NUM
arjefm-84	415	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	17	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	415	18	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	415	19	profile	profile	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	20	benin	benin	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	21	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	22	2021/2022	2021/2022	NUM
arjefm-84	415	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	24	ulandssekretariatet.dk	ulandssekretariatet.dk	PROPN
arjefm-84	415	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	415	26	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	1	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	2	ebert	ebert	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	3	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	5	2015	2015	NUM
arjefm-84	416	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	8	etude	etude	NOUN
arjefm-84	416	9	sur	sur	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	10	le	le	X
arjefm-84	416	11	paysage	paysage	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	12	syndical	syndical	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	13	au	au	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	14	bénin	bénin	PROPN
arjefm-84	416	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	16	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	416	17	90	90	NUM
arjefm-84	416	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	19	isbn	isbn	ADJ
arjefm-84	416	20	978	978	NUM
arjefm-84	416	21	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	416	22	99919	99919	NUM
arjefm-84	416	23	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	24	0	0	NUM
arjefm-84	416	25	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	416	26	6393	6393	NUM
arjefm-84	416	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	1	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	2	ebert	ebert	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	3	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	5	2019	2019	NUM
arjefm-84	417	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	8	analyse	analyse	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	9	de	de	X
arjefm-84	417	10	la	la	X
arjefm-84	417	11	dynamique	dynamique	X
arjefm-84	417	12	de	de	X
arjefm-84	417	13	l’économie	l’économie	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	14	informelle	informelle	NOUN
arjefm-84	417	15	au	au	VERB
arjefm-84	417	16	bénin	bénin	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	18	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	417	19	47	47	NUM
arjefm-84	417	20	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	21	isbn	isbn	ADJ
arjefm-84	417	22	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	23	97899982	97899982	NUM
arjefm-84	417	24	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	417	25	55	55	NUM
arjefm-84	417	26	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	27	28	28	NUM
arjefm-84	417	28	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	417	29	9	9	NUM
arjefm-84	417	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	31	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	33	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	34	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-84	417	35	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	36	1993	1993	NUM
arjefm-84	417	37	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	417	38	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	418	1	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	418	2	markets	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	418	3	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	418	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	418	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	418	6	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	418	7	development	development	NOUN
arjefm-84	418	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	419	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	419	2	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	419	3	economic	economic	PROPN
arjefm-84	419	4	review	review	PROPN
arjefm-84	419	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	419	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	419	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	419	8	83	83	NUM
arjefm-84	419	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	419	10	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	419	11	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	419	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	419	13	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	419	14	403	403	NUM
arjefm-84	419	15	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	419	16	408	408	NUM
arjefm-84	419	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	420	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	420	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	420	3	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	420	4	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-84	420	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	420	6	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	420	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	420	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	421	1	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	2	regulations	regulation	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	421	4	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	421	6	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	421	7	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	421	8	protection	protection	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	421	10	developing	develop	VERB
arjefm-84	421	11	countries	country	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	12	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	421	13	market	market	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	14	distortions	distortion	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	15	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	421	16	efficient	efficient	ADJ
arjefm-84	421	17	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	421	18	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	422	1	handbook	handbook	NOUN
arjefm-84	422	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	422	3	development	development	NOUN
arjefm-84	422	4	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	422	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	422	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	422	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	422	8	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	422	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	422	10	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	422	11	4657	4657	NUM
arjefm-84	422	12	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	422	13	4702	4702	NUM
arjefm-84	422	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	3	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	4	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	6	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	423	7	lazear	lazear	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	9	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	10	p.	p.	PROPN
arjefm-84	423	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	12	1995	1995	NUM
arjefm-84	423	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	423	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	424	1	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	424	2	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	424	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
arjefm-84	424	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	424	5	works	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	424	6	councils	council	NOUN
arjefm-84	424	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	425	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	425	2	works	work	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	3	councils	council	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	4	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	425	5	consultation	consultation	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	425	7	representation	representation	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	425	9	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	425	10	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	11	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	425	12	industrial	industrial	ADJ
arjefm-84	425	13	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	425	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	426	1	university	university	NOUN
arjefm-84	426	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	426	3	chicago	chicago	PROPN
arjefm-84	426	4	press	press	NOUN
arjefm-84	426	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	426	6	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	426	7	27	27	NUM
arjefm-84	426	8	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	426	9	52	52	NUM
arjefm-84	426	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	3	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	4	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	6	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	427	7	medoff	medoff	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	9	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	10	l.	l.	PROPN
arjefm-84	427	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	12	1984	1984	NUM
arjefm-84	427	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	427	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	428	1	what	what	PRON
arjefm-84	428	2	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	428	3	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	428	4	do	do	VERB
arjefm-84	428	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	429	1	indus	indus	PROPN
arjefm-84	429	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	430	1	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	430	2	lab	lab	PROPN
arjefm-84	430	3	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	431	1	rel	rel	PROPN
arjefm-84	431	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	432	1	rev	rev	PROPN
arjefm-84	432	2	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	432	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	432	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	432	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	432	6	38	38	NUM
arjefm-84	432	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	432	8	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	432	9	244	244	NUM
arjefm-84	432	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	433	1	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	433	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	433	3	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	433	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	433	5	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	433	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	433	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	434	1	do	do	AUX
arjefm-84	434	2	chinese	chinese	ADJ
arjefm-84	434	3	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	434	4	have	have	VERB
arjefm-84	434	5	“	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	434	6	real	real	ADJ
arjefm-84	434	7	”	"	PUNCT
arjefm-84	434	8	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	434	9	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	434	10	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	434	11	compensation	compensation	NOUN
arjefm-84	434	12	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
arjefm-84	435	2	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	435	3	policy	policy	NOUN
arjefm-84	435	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	435	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	435	7	32	32	NUM
arjefm-84	435	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	435	10	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	435	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	435	13	187	187	NUM
arjefm-84	435	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	435	15	202	202	NUM
arjefm-84	435	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	17	guirkinger	guirkinger	NOUN
arjefm-84	435	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	19	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	435	20	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	435	21	boucher	boucher	PROPN
arjefm-84	435	22	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	23	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-84	435	24	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	435	25	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	26	2008	2008	NUM
arjefm-84	435	27	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	435	28	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	436	1	credit	credit	NOUN
arjefm-84	436	2	constraints	constraint	NOUN
arjefm-84	436	3	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	436	4	productivity	productivity	NOUN
arjefm-84	436	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	436	6	peruvian	peruvian	ADJ
arjefm-84	436	7	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
arjefm-84	436	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	437	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
arjefm-84	437	2	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	437	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	437	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	437	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	437	6	39	39	NUM
arjefm-84	437	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	437	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	437	9	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	437	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	437	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	437	12	295	295	NUM
arjefm-84	437	13	308	308	NUM
arjefm-84	437	14	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	438	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	438	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	439	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	439	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	439	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	439	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	439	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	439	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	439	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	439	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	439	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	439	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	439	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	439	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	440	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	440	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	440	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	440	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	440	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	440	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	440	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	440	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	440	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	440	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	441	1	92	92	NUM
arjefm-84	442	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	442	2	p	p	NOUN
arjefm-84	442	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	442	4	g	g	PROPN
arjefm-84	442	5	e	e	PROPN
arjefm-84	442	6	kerr	kerr	PROPN
arjefm-84	442	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	442	8	a.	a.	PROPN
arjefm-84	442	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	442	10	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	442	11	wittenberg	wittenberg	PROPN
arjefm-84	442	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	442	13	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	442	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	442	15	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	442	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	442	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	443	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	443	2	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	443	3	premia	premia	NOUN
arjefm-84	443	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	443	5	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	443	6	inequality	inequality	NOUN
arjefm-84	443	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	443	8	south	south	PROPN
arjefm-84	443	9	africa	africa	PROPN
arjefm-84	443	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	444	1	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	444	2	modelling	modelling	NOUN
arjefm-84	444	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	444	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	444	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	444	6	97	97	NUM
arjefm-84	444	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	444	8	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	444	9	255	255	NUM
arjefm-84	444	10	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	444	11	271	271	NUM
arjefm-84	444	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	445	1	keune	keune	PROPN
arjefm-84	445	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	445	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	445	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	445	5	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	445	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	445	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	446	1	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
arjefm-84	446	2	or	or	CCONJ
arjefm-84	446	3	threat	threat	NOUN
arjefm-84	446	4	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	447	1	how	how	SCONJ
arjefm-84	447	2	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	447	3	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	447	4	power	power	NOUN
arjefm-84	447	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	447	6	preferences	preference	NOUN
arjefm-84	447	7	shape	shape	VERB
arjefm-84	447	8	occupational	occupational	ADJ
arjefm-84	447	9	pensions	pension	NOUN
arjefm-84	447	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	448	1	social	social	ADJ
arjefm-84	448	2	policy	policy	NOUN
arjefm-84	448	3	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	448	4	administration	administration	PROPN
arjefm-84	448	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	448	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	448	7	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	448	8	52	52	NUM
arjefm-84	448	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	448	10	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	448	11	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	448	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	448	13	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	448	14	463	463	NUM
arjefm-84	448	15	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	448	16	476	476	NUM
arjefm-84	448	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	449	1	laroche	laroche	PROPN
arjefm-84	449	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	449	3	p.	p.	PROPN
arjefm-84	449	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	449	5	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	449	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	449	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	450	1	présence	présence	NOUN
arjefm-84	450	2	syndicale	syndicale	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	3	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	4	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	450	5	financière	financière	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	6	des	des	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	7	entreprises	entreprise	NOUN
arjefm-84	450	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	450	9	une	une	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	10	analyse	analyse	NOUN
arjefm-84	450	11	statistique	statistique	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	12	sur	sur	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	13	le	le	X
arjefm-84	450	14	cas	cas	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	15	français	français	PROPN
arjefm-84	450	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	451	1	finance	finance	PROPN
arjefm-84	451	2	contrôle	contrôle	X
arjefm-84	451	3	stratégie	stratégie	PROPN
arjefm-84	451	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	451	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	451	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	451	7	7	7	NUM
arjefm-84	451	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	451	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	451	10	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	451	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	451	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	451	13	117	117	NUM
arjefm-84	451	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	451	15	146	146	NUM
arjefm-84	451	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	452	1	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	452	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	452	3	l.	l.	PROPN
arjefm-84	452	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	452	5	1978	1978	NUM
arjefm-84	452	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	452	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	453	1	unionism	unionism	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	453	3	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	4	rates	rate	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	453	6	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	453	7	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
arjefm-84	453	8	equations	equation	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	9	model	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	10	with	with	ADP
arjefm-84	453	11	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
arjefm-84	453	12	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	453	13	limited	limited	ADJ
arjefm-84	453	14	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	453	15	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	453	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	454	1	international	international	ADJ
arjefm-84	454	2	economic	economic	ADJ
arjefm-84	454	3	review	review	NOUN
arjefm-84	454	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	454	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	454	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	454	7	19	19	NUM
arjefm-84	454	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	454	9	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	454	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	454	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	454	12	415	415	NUM
arjefm-84	454	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	454	14	433	433	NUM
arjefm-84	454	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	455	1	lee	lee	PROPN
arjefm-84	455	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	455	3	w.	w.	PROPN
arjefm-84	455	4	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-84	455	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	455	6	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	455	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	455	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	456	1	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	456	2	score	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	456	3	matching	matching	NOUN
arjefm-84	456	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	456	5	variations	variation	NOUN
arjefm-84	456	6	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	456	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	456	8	balancing	balance	VERB
arjefm-84	456	9	test	test	NOUN
arjefm-84	456	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	457	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	457	2	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	457	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	457	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	457	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	457	6	44	44	NUM
arjefm-84	457	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	457	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	457	9	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	457	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	457	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	457	12	47	47	NUM
arjefm-84	457	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	457	14	80	80	NUM
arjefm-84	457	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	458	1	lewis	lewis	PROPN
arjefm-84	458	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	458	3	h.	h.	PROPN
arjefm-84	458	4	g.	g.	PROPN
arjefm-84	458	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	458	6	1963	1963	NUM
arjefm-84	458	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	458	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	459	1	unionism	unionism	NOUN
arjefm-84	459	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	459	3	relative	relative	ADJ
arjefm-84	459	4	wages	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	459	5	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	459	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	459	7	united	united	PROPN
arjefm-84	459	8	states	states	PROPN
arjefm-84	459	9	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	459	10	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	459	11	empirical	empirical	ADJ
arjefm-84	459	12	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
arjefm-84	459	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	460	1	chicago	chicago	PROPN
arjefm-84	460	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	461	1	university	university	NOUN
arjefm-84	461	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	461	3	chicago	chicago	PROPN
arjefm-84	461	4	press	press	NOUN
arjefm-84	461	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	1	liu	liu	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	3	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	5	xing	xing	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	7	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	462	10	ge	ge	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	12	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	462	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	14	2020	2020	NUM
arjefm-84	462	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	462	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	463	1	does	do	AUX
arjefm-84	463	2	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	463	3	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	463	4	reduce	reduce	VERB
arjefm-84	463	5	gender	gender	NOUN
arjefm-84	463	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	463	7	differentials	differential	NOUN
arjefm-84	463	8	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	464	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	464	2	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	464	3	employer	employer	NOUN
arjefm-84	464	4	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-84	464	5	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	464	6	matched	match	VERB
arjefm-84	464	7	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	464	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	464	9	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	464	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	465	1	pacific	pacific	PROPN
arjefm-84	465	2	economic	economic	PROPN
arjefm-84	465	3	review	review	PROPN
arjefm-84	465	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	465	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	465	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	465	7	25	25	NUM
arjefm-84	465	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	465	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	465	10	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	465	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	465	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	465	13	102	102	NUM
arjefm-84	465	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	465	15	117	117	NUM
arjefm-84	465	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	466	1	lokshin	lokshin	PROPN
arjefm-84	466	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	466	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	466	4	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	466	5	sajaia	sajaia	PROPN
arjefm-84	466	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	466	7	z.	z.	PROPN
arjefm-84	466	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	466	9	2004	2004	NUM
arjefm-84	466	10	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	466	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	467	1	maximum	maximum	ADJ
arjefm-84	467	2	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
arjefm-84	467	3	estimation	estimation	NOUN
arjefm-84	467	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	467	5	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
arjefm-84	467	6	switching	switching	NOUN
arjefm-84	467	7	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	467	8	models	model	NOUN
arjefm-84	467	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	468	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	468	2	stata	stata	PROPN
arjefm-84	468	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	468	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	468	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	468	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	468	7	4	4	NUM
arjefm-84	468	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	468	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	468	10	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	468	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	468	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	468	13	282	282	NUM
arjefm-84	468	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	468	15	289	289	NUM
arjefm-84	468	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	1	lu	lu	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	3	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	5	tao	tao	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	7	z.	z.	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	469	10	wang	wang	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	12	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	469	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	14	2010	2010	NUM
arjefm-84	469	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	469	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	470	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	2	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	3	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	470	4	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	470	6	employment	employment	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	7	relations	relation	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	8	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	470	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	470	10	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	470	11	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	470	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	471	1	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	471	2	economic	economic	PROPN
arjefm-84	471	3	review	review	PROPN
arjefm-84	471	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	471	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	471	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	471	7	21	21	NUM
arjefm-84	471	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	471	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	471	10	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	471	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	471	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	471	13	202	202	NUM
arjefm-84	471	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	471	15	210	210	NUM
arjefm-84	471	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	472	1	maddala	maddala	PROPN
arjefm-84	472	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	472	3	g.	g.	PROPN
arjefm-84	472	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	472	5	1983	1983	NUM
arjefm-84	472	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	472	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	473	1	limited	limit	VERB
arjefm-84	473	2	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	473	3	dependant	dependant	ADJ
arjefm-84	473	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	473	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
arjefm-84	473	6	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	473	7	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	473	8	econometrics	econometrics	NOUN
arjefm-84	473	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	474	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
arjefm-84	474	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	474	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
arjefm-84	474	4	university	university	PROPN
arjefm-84	474	5	press	press	NOUN
arjefm-84	474	6	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	1	maleka	maleka	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	3	m.	m.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	4	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	6	schultz	schultz	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	8	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	9	m.	m.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	11	van	van	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	12	hoek	hoek	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	14	l.	l.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	15	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	16	paul	paul	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	17	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	18	dachapalli	dachapalli	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	19	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	20	l.	l.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	22	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	475	23	ragadu	ragadu	NOUN
arjefm-84	475	24	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	25	s.	s.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	26	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	475	27	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	28	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	475	29	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	475	30	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	476	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	2	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	3	as	as	ADP
arjefm-84	476	4	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	476	5	moderator	moderator	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	476	7	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	476	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	9	between	between	ADP
arjefm-84	476	10	living	live	VERB
arjefm-84	476	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	476	13	job	job	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	14	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	476	16	employee	employee	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
arjefm-84	476	18	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	477	1	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	477	2	indian	indian	PROPN
arjefm-84	477	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	477	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	477	5	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	477	6	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	477	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	477	8	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	477	9	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	477	10	64	64	NUM
arjefm-84	477	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	477	12	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	477	13	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	477	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	477	15	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	477	16	621	621	NUM
arjefm-84	477	17	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	477	18	640	640	NUM
arjefm-84	477	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	1	manda	manda	PROPN
arjefm-84	478	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	3	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-84	478	4	k.	k.	PROPN
arjefm-84	478	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	6	bigsten	bigsten	VERB
arjefm-84	478	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	8	a.	a.	NOUN
arjefm-84	478	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	10	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	478	11	mwabu	mwabu	PROPN
arjefm-84	478	12	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	13	g.	g.	PROPN
arjefm-84	478	14	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	15	2005	2005	NUM
arjefm-84	478	16	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	478	17	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	479	1	trade	trade	PROPN
arjefm-84	479	2	union	union	PROPN
arjefm-84	479	3	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	479	4	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	479	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
arjefm-84	479	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	479	7	kenyan	kenyan	ADJ
arjefm-84	479	8	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
arjefm-84	479	9	firms	firm	NOUN
arjefm-84	479	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	480	1	applied	apply	VERB
arjefm-84	480	2	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	480	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	480	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	480	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	480	6	37	37	NUM
arjefm-84	480	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	480	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	480	9	15	15	NUM
arjefm-84	480	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	480	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	480	12	1693	1693	NUM
arjefm-84	480	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	480	14	1704	1704	NUM
arjefm-84	480	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	481	1	manning	manning	NOUN
arjefm-84	481	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	481	3	a.	a.	NOUN
arjefm-84	481	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	481	5	2013	2013	NUM
arjefm-84	481	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	481	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	482	1	monopsony	monopsony	NOUN
arjefm-84	482	2	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	482	3	motion	motion	NOUN
arjefm-84	482	4	»	»	NOUN
arjefm-84	482	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	483	1	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	483	2	monopsony	monopsony	NOUN
arjefm-84	483	3	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	483	4	motion	motion	NOUN
arjefm-84	483	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	483	6	princeton	princeton	PROPN
arjefm-84	483	7	university	university	PROPN
arjefm-84	483	8	press	press	NOUN
arjefm-84	483	9	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	1	nahm	nahm	PROPN
arjefm-84	484	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	3	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-84	484	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	5	dobbie	dobbie	PROPN
arjefm-84	484	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	7	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	484	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	484	10	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
arjefm-84	484	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	12	c.	c.	PROPN
arjefm-84	484	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	14	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	484	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	484	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	485	1	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	2	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	3	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	4	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	485	5	australia	australia	PROPN
arjefm-84	485	6	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	485	7	an	an	DET
arjefm-84	485	8	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
arjefm-84	485	9	switching	switching	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	10	approach	approach	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	11	»	»	NOUN
arjefm-84	485	12	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	486	1	applied	apply	VERB
arjefm-84	486	2	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	486	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	486	4	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	486	5	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	486	6	49	49	NUM
arjefm-84	486	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	486	8	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	486	9	39	39	NUM
arjefm-84	486	10	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	486	11	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	486	12	3927	3927	NUM
arjefm-84	486	13	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	486	14	3942	3942	NUM
arjefm-84	486	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	487	1	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	487	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	1	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	2	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	488	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	7	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	8	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	488	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	488	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	488	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	488	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	488	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	488	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	488	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	488	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	488	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	30	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	31	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	32	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	488	33	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	488	34	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	489	1	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	2	official	official	ADJ
arjefm-84	489	3	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	489	5	america	america	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	6	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	7	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	8	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	9	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	10	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	489	11	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	489	12	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	489	14	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	15	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	489	16	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	17	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	18	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	489	19	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	489	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	489	21	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	490	1	93	93	NUM
arjefm-84	491	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	491	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	491	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	491	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	491	5	e	e	NOUN
arjefm-84	491	6	najem	najem	NOUN
arjefm-84	491	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	491	8	e.	e.	PROPN
arjefm-84	491	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	491	10	paquet	paquet	PROPN
arjefm-84	491	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	491	12	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	491	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	491	14	2007	2007	NUM
arjefm-84	491	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	491	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	492	1	l’impact	l’impact	PROPN
arjefm-84	492	2	syndical	syndical	PROPN
arjefm-84	492	3	sur	sur	PROPN
arjefm-84	492	4	l’entreprise	l’entreprise	PROPN
arjefm-84	492	5	canadienne	canadienne	PROPN
arjefm-84	492	6	et	et	NOUN
arjefm-84	492	7	sa	sa	X
arjefm-84	492	8	main	main	ADJ
arjefm-84	492	9	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	492	10	d’œuvre	d’œuvre	NOUN
arjefm-84	492	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	493	1	revue	revue	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	2	internationale	internationale	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	3	sur	sur	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	4	le	le	X
arjefm-84	493	5	travail	travail	X
arjefm-84	493	6	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	7	la	la	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	8	société	société	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	493	10	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	493	11	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	493	12	5	5	NUM
arjefm-84	493	13	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	493	14	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	493	15	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	493	16	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	493	17	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	493	18	52–73	52–73	NUM
arjefm-84	493	19	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	494	1	ngom	ngom	ADJ
arjefm-84	494	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	494	3	a.	a.	NOUN
arjefm-84	494	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	494	5	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	494	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	494	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	495	1	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	495	2	unionism	unionism	NOUN
arjefm-84	495	3	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	495	4	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
arjefm-84	495	5	performance	performance	NOUN
arjefm-84	495	6	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	495	7	senegal	senegal	PROPN
arjefm-84	495	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	496	1	aerc	aerc	PROPN
arjefm-84	496	2	research	research	NOUN
arjefm-84	496	3	paper	paper	NOUN
arjefm-84	496	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	496	5	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	496	6	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	496	7	420	420	NUM
arjefm-84	496	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	496	9	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	496	10	32	32	NUM
arjefm-84	496	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	497	1	périsse	périsse	NOUN
arjefm-84	497	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	497	3	m.	m.	NOUN
arjefm-84	497	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	497	5	2014	2014	NUM
arjefm-84	497	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	497	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	498	1	le	le	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	2	droit	droit	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	3	du	du	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	4	travail	travail	X
arjefm-84	498	5	et	et	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	6	les	les	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
arjefm-84	498	8	ruraux	ruraux	VERB
arjefm-84	498	9	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	498	10	instituer	instituer	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	11	un	un	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	12	nouveau	nouveau	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	13	salariat	salariat	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	14	en	en	PROPN
arjefm-84	498	15	chine	chine	X
arjefm-84	498	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	1	revue	revue	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	2	de	de	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	3	la	la	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	4	régulation	régulation	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	6	capitalisme	capitalisme	NOUN
arjefm-84	499	7	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	499	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	10	pouvoirs	pouvoirs	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	12	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	499	13	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	14	15	15	NUM
arjefm-84	499	15	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	16	sandbrook	sandbrook	NOUN
arjefm-84	499	17	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	18	r.	r.	PROPN
arjefm-84	499	19	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	20	1975	1975	NUM
arjefm-84	499	21	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	499	22	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	500	1	proletarians	proletarian	NOUN
arjefm-84	500	2	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	500	3	african	african	ADJ
arjefm-84	500	4	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
arjefm-84	500	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	500	6	the	the	DET
arjefm-84	500	7	kenyan	kenyan	ADJ
arjefm-84	500	8	case	case	NOUN
arjefm-84	500	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	500	10	1960	1960	NUM
arjefm-84	500	11	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	500	12	1972	1972	NUM
arjefm-84	500	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	501	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
arjefm-84	501	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	501	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
arjefm-84	501	4	university	university	PROPN
arjefm-84	501	5	press	press	PROPN
arjefm-84	501	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	501	7	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	501	8	.	.	PROPN
arjefm-84	501	9	21	21	NUM
arjefm-84	501	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	502	1	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
arjefm-84	502	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	502	3	t.	t.	PROPN
arjefm-84	502	4	d.	d.	PROPN
arjefm-84	502	5	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	502	6	2021	2021	NUM
arjefm-84	502	7	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	502	8	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	503	1	local	local	ADJ
arjefm-84	503	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	503	4	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	5	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	6	effects	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	7	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	503	8	native	native	ADJ
arjefm-84	503	9	–	–	PUNCT
arjefm-84	503	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
arjefm-84	503	11	wage	wage	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	12	gaps	gap	NOUN
arjefm-84	503	13	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	504	1	regional	regional	ADJ
arjefm-84	504	2	studies	study	NOUN
arjefm-84	504	3	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	504	4	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	504	5	114	114	NUM
arjefm-84	504	6	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	505	1	torm	torm	PROPN
arjefm-84	505	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	505	3	n.	n.	PROPN
arjefm-84	505	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	505	5	2018	2018	NUM
arjefm-84	505	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	505	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	506	1	does	do	AUX
arjefm-84	506	2	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	506	3	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	506	4	pay	pay	VERB
arjefm-84	506	5	off	off	ADP
arjefm-84	506	6	?	?	PUNCT
arjefm-84	506	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
arjefm-84	506	8	from	from	ADP
arjefm-84	506	9	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
arjefm-84	506	10	smes	sme	NOUN
arjefm-84	506	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	507	1	micro	micro	PROPN
arjefm-84	507	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	507	3	small	small	ADJ
arjefm-84	507	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	507	5	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	507	6	medium	medium	ADJ
arjefm-84	507	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
arjefm-84	507	8	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	507	9	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
arjefm-84	507	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	508	1	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	508	2	230	230	NUM
arjefm-84	508	3	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	508	4	252	252	NUM
arjefm-84	508	5	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	509	1	yedomon	yedomon	PROPN
arjefm-84	509	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	509	3	b.	b.	PROPN
arjefm-84	509	4	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	509	5	2016	2016	NUM
arjefm-84	509	6	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	509	7	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	1	travail	travail	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	2	informel	informel	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	3	au	au	ADP
arjefm-84	510	4	bénin	bénin	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	5	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	6	expositions	exposition	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	7	professionnelles	professionnelle	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	8	et	et	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	9	conséquences	conséquence	VERB
arjefm-84	510	10	sanitaires	sanitaire	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	11	chez	chez	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	12	les	les	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	13	forgerons	forgeron	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	14	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	15	ferblantiers	ferblantier	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	16	à	à	X
arjefm-84	510	17	cotonou	cotonou	X
arjefm-84	510	18	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	19	doctoral	doctoral	ADJ
arjefm-84	510	20	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	21	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	22	université	université	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	23	de	de	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	24	limoges	limoges	PROPN
arjefm-84	510	25	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	510	26	»	»	NOUN
arjefm-84	510	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	2	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	3	y.	y.	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	4	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	5	chen	chen	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	7	j.	j.	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	8	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	9	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	511	10	wong	wong	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	12	p.	p.	PROPN
arjefm-84	511	13	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	14	2011	2011	NUM
arjefm-84	511	15	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	511	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	512	1	effect	effect	NOUN
arjefm-84	512	2	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	512	3	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	512	4	unions	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	512	5	on	on	ADP
arjefm-84	512	6	industrial	industrial	ADJ
arjefm-84	512	7	labor	labor	NOUN
arjefm-84	512	8	income	income	NOUN
arjefm-84	512	9	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	512	10	china	china	PROPN
arjefm-84	512	11	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	513	1	asian	asian	ADJ
arjefm-84	513	2	politics	politic	NOUN
arjefm-84	513	3	&	&	CCONJ
arjefm-84	513	4	policy	policy	NOUN
arjefm-84	513	5	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	513	6	vol	vol	NOUN
arjefm-84	513	7	.	.	NOUN
arjefm-84	513	8	3	3	NUM
arjefm-84	513	9	no	no	DET
arjefm-84	513	10	1	1	NUM
arjefm-84	513	11	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	513	12	p.	p.	NOUN
arjefm-84	513	13	95	95	NUM
arjefm-84	513	14	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	513	15	114	114	NUM
arjefm-84	513	16	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	1	appendix	appendix	ADJ
arjefm-84	514	2	table	table	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	3	a1	a1	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	4	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	5	proscript	proscript	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	6	regression	regression	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	7	for	for	ADP
arjefm-84	514	8	estimating	estimate	VERB
arjefm-84	514	9	propensity	propensity	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	10	scores	score	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	11	variables	variable	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	12	coefficient	coefficient	VERB
arjefm-84	514	13	dependent	dependent	ADJ
arjefm-84	514	14	variable	variable	ADJ
arjefm-84	514	15	trade	trade	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	16	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	17	membership	membership	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	18	formula	formula	NOUN
arjefm-84	514	19	0.690	0.690	NUM
arjefm-84	514	20	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	21	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	22	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	23	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	514	24	0.241	0.241	NUM
arjefm-84	514	25	)	)	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	515	2	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	516	1	-0.208	-0.208	X
arjefm-84	516	2	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	516	3	0.264	0.264	NOUN
arjefm-84	516	4	)	)	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	516	7	education	education	NOUN
arjefm-84	516	8	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	516	9	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	516	10	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	517	1	none	none	NOUN
arjefm-84	517	2	)	)	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	517	4	-0.789	-0.789	NOUN
arjefm-84	517	5	*	*	SYM
arjefm-84	517	6	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	517	7	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	517	8	0.401	0.401	NUM
arjefm-84	517	9	)	)	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	517	11	-0.204	-0.204	PROPN
arjefm-84	517	12	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	517	13	0.292	0.292	NUM
arjefm-84	517	14	)	)	PUNCT
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arjefm-84	518	2	-0.414	-0.414	PUNCT
arjefm-84	518	3	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	518	4	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
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arjefm-84	519	4	of	of	ADP
arjefm-84	519	5	economics	economic	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	6	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	7	finance	finance	NOUN
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arjefm-84	519	9	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	10	volume	volume	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	11	11	11	NUM
arjefm-84	519	12	issue	issue	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	13	2	2	NUM
arjefm-84	519	14	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	15	april	april	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	16	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	17	june	june	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	18	2023	2023	NUM
arjefm-84	519	19	issn	issn	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	20	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	21	2836	2836	NUM
arjefm-84	519	22	-	-	SYM
arjefm-84	519	23	9416	9416	NUM
arjefm-84	519	24	impact	impact	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	25	factor	factor	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	26	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	27	5.57	5.57	NUM
arjefm-84	519	28	journal	journal	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	29	homepage	homepage	NOUN
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arjefm-84	519	33	email	email	NOUN
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arjefm-84	519	35	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	PROPN
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arjefm-84	519	37	journal	journal	PROPN
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arjefm-84	519	40	serial	serial	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	41	publication	publication	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	42	american	american	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	43	research	research	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	44	journal	journal	PROPN
arjefm-84	519	45	of	of	ADP
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arjefm-84	519	47	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	48	finance	finance	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	49	and	and	CCONJ
arjefm-84	519	50	management	management	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	51	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	52	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	53	email	email	NOUN
arjefm-84	519	54	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	519	55	contact@americaserial.com	contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	520	1	94	94	NUM
arjefm-84	521	1	|	|	ADV
arjefm-84	521	2	p	p	X
arjefm-84	521	3	a	a	DET
arjefm-84	521	4	g	g	NOUN
arjefm-84	521	5	e	e	X
arjefm-84	521	6	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	7	0.304	0.304	NUM
arjefm-84	521	8	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	9	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	521	10	-0.028	-0.028	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	12	0.062	0.062	NUM
arjefm-84	521	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	14	age	age	NOUN
arjefm-84	521	15	squared	square	VERB
arjefm-84	521	16	0.000	0.000	NUM
arjefm-84	521	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	18	0.001	0.001	NUM
arjefm-84	521	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	20	marital	marital	ADJ
arjefm-84	521	21	status	status	NOUN
arjefm-84	521	22	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	23	widowed	widow	VERB
arjefm-84	521	24	/	/	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	25	divorced	divorce	VERB
arjefm-84	521	26	ref	ref	NOUN
arjefm-84	521	27	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	521	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	1	bachelor	bachelor	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	2	-0.581	-0.581	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	3	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	4	0.453	0.453	NUM
arjefm-84	522	5	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	6	polygamous	polygamous	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	7	married	marry	VERB
arjefm-84	522	8	0.909	0.909	NUM
arjefm-84	522	9	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	10	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	11	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	12	0.436	0.436	NUM
arjefm-84	522	13	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	14	monogamous	monogamous	ADJ
arjefm-84	522	15	married	marry	VERB
arjefm-84	522	16	0.227	0.227	NUM
arjefm-84	522	17	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	18	0.338	0.338	NUM
arjefm-84	522	19	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	20	union	union	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	21	availability	availability	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	22	5.342	5.342	NUM
arjefm-84	522	23	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	24	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	25	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	26	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	27	0.629	0.629	NUM
arjefm-84	522	28	)	)	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	29	constant	constant	ADJ
arjefm-84	522	30	-5.002	-5.002	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	31	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	32	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	33	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	34	(	(	PUNCT
arjefm-84	522	35	1.286	1.286	NUM
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arjefm-84	522	37	observations	observation	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	38	1,135	1,135	NUM
arjefm-84	522	39	note	note	NOUN
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arjefm-84	522	41	standard	standard	ADJ
arjefm-84	522	42	errors	error	NOUN
arjefm-84	522	43	are	be	AUX
arjefm-84	522	44	in	in	ADP
arjefm-84	522	45	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
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arjefm-84	523	1	p<0.01	p<0.01	ADJ
arjefm-84	523	2	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	523	3	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	523	4	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	523	5	pp<0.05	pp<0.05	NOUN
arjefm-84	523	6	;	;	PUNCT
arjefm-84	523	7	*	*	PUNCT
arjefm-84	524	1	pp<0.1	pp<0.1	NOUN
arjefm-84	524	2	.	.	PUNCT
arjefm-84	525	1	source	source	NOUN
arjefm-84	525	2	:	:	PUNCT
arjefm-84	525	3	authors	author	NOUN
arjefm-84	525	4	using	use	VERB
arjefm-84	525	5	eri	eri	PROPN
arjefm-84	525	6	-	-	PUNCT
arjefm-84	525	7	esi	esi	PROPN
arjefm-84	525	8	data	datum	NOUN
arjefm-84	525	9	,	,	PUNCT
arjefm-84	526	1	2017	2017	NUM
arjefm-84	526	2	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X
arjefm-84	526	3	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	mailto:contact@americaserial.com	X