id sid tid token lemma pos arjefm-91 1 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 1 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 1 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 1 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 1 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 1 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 1 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 1 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 1 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 1 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 1 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 1 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 1 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 1 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 1 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 1 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 1 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 1 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 1 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 1 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 1 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 1 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 1 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 1 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 1 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 1 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 1 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 1 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 1 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 1 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 1 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 1 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 1 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 1 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 1 35 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 1 36 official official ADJ arjefm-91 1 37 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 1 38 of of ADP arjefm-91 1 39 america america PROPN arjefm-91 1 40 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 1 41 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 1 42 american american PROPN arjefm-91 1 43 research research PROPN arjefm-91 1 44 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 1 45 of of ADP arjefm-91 1 46 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 1 47 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 1 48 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 1 49 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 1 50 management management NOUN arjefm-91 1 51 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 1 52 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 1 53 email email NOUN arjefm-91 1 54 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 1 55 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 2 1 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 2 2 | | ADV arjefm-91 2 3 p p X arjefm-91 2 4 a a DET arjefm-91 2 5 g g NOUN arjefm-91 2 6 e e NOUN arjefm-91 2 7 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 2 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 2 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 2 10 social social ADJ arjefm-91 2 11 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 2 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 2 13 stock stock NOUN arjefm-91 2 14 prices price NOUN arjefm-91 2 15 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 2 16 a a DET arjefm-91 2 17 study study NOUN arjefm-91 2 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 2 19 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 2 20 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 2 21 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 2 22 dr dr PROPN arjefm-91 2 23 . . PROPN arjefm-91 2 24 amina amina PROPN arjefm-91 2 25 zubairi zubairi PROPN arjefm-91 2 26 director director PROPN arjefm-91 2 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 2 28 zonal zonal ADJ arjefm-91 2 29 offices office NOUN arjefm-91 2 30 coordination coordination PROPN arjefm-91 2 31 department department PROPN arjefm-91 2 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 2 33 securities security NOUN arjefm-91 2 34 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 2 35 exchange exchange PROPN arjefm-91 2 36 commission commission PROPN arjefm-91 2 37 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 2 38 abuja abuja PROPN arjefm-91 2 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 3 1 abstract abstract ADJ arjefm-91 3 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 3 3 the the DET arjefm-91 3 4 past past ADJ arjefm-91 3 5 three three NUM arjefm-91 3 6 decades decade NOUN arjefm-91 3 7 have have AUX arjefm-91 3 8 witnessed witness VERB arjefm-91 3 9 a a DET arjefm-91 3 10 substantial substantial ADJ arjefm-91 3 11 surge surge NOUN arjefm-91 3 12 in in ADP arjefm-91 3 13 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 3 14 social social ADJ arjefm-91 3 15 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 3 16 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 3 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 3 18 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 3 19 investments investment NOUN arjefm-91 3 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 3 21 driven drive VERB arjefm-91 3 22 by by ADP arjefm-91 3 23 growing grow VERB arjefm-91 3 24 awareness awareness NOUN arjefm-91 3 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 3 26 the the DET arjefm-91 3 27 adverse adverse ADJ arjefm-91 3 28 impacts impact NOUN arjefm-91 3 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 3 30 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 3 31 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 3 32 on on ADP arjefm-91 3 33 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 3 34 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 3 35 the the DET arjefm-91 3 36 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 3 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 3 38 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 3 39 society society NOUN arjefm-91 3 40 at at ADP arjefm-91 3 41 large large ADJ arjefm-91 3 42 . . 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PUNCT arjefm-91 5 1 the the DET arjefm-91 5 2 united united PROPN arjefm-91 5 3 nations nations PROPN arjefm-91 5 4 has have AUX arjefm-91 5 5 also also ADV arjefm-91 5 6 demonstrated demonstrate VERB arjefm-91 5 7 its its PRON arjefm-91 5 8 commitment commitment NOUN arjefm-91 5 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 5 10 addressing address VERB arjefm-91 5 11 these these DET arjefm-91 5 12 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 5 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 5 14 exemplified exemplify VERB arjefm-91 5 15 by by ADP arjefm-91 5 16 the the DET arjefm-91 5 17 appointment appointment NOUN arjefm-91 5 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 5 19 a a DET arjefm-91 5 20 united united PROPN arjefm-91 5 21 nations nations PROPN arjefm-91 5 22 special special ADJ arjefm-91 5 23 representative representative NOUN arjefm-91 5 24 for for ADP arjefm-91 5 25 business business NOUN arjefm-91 5 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 5 27 human human ADJ arjefm-91 5 28 rights right NOUN arjefm-91 5 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 5 30 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 5 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 6 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 6 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 6 3 the the DET arjefm-91 6 4 response response NOUN arjefm-91 6 5 from from ADP arjefm-91 6 6 national national ADJ arjefm-91 6 7 governments government NOUN arjefm-91 6 8 has have AUX arjefm-91 6 9 varied vary VERB arjefm-91 6 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 6 11 with with ADP arjefm-91 6 12 some some PRON arjefm-91 6 13 hesitating hesitate VERB arjefm-91 6 14 to to PART arjefm-91 6 15 articulate articulate VERB arjefm-91 6 16 clear clear ADJ arjefm-91 6 17 definitions definition NOUN arjefm-91 6 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 6 19 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 6 20 . . PROPN arjefm-91 7 1 this this DET arjefm-91 7 2 paper paper NOUN arjefm-91 7 3 explores explore VERB arjefm-91 7 4 the the DET arjefm-91 7 5 evolving evolve VERB arjefm-91 7 6 landscape landscape NOUN arjefm-91 7 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 7 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 7 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 7 10 shedding shed VERB arjefm-91 7 11 light light NOUN arjefm-91 7 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 7 13 the the DET arjefm-91 7 14 motivations motivation NOUN arjefm-91 7 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 7 16 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 7 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 7 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 7 19 implications implication NOUN arjefm-91 7 20 for for ADP arjefm-91 7 21 businesses business NOUN arjefm-91 7 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 7 23 governments government NOUN arjefm-91 7 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 7 25 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 7 26 society society NOUN arjefm-91 7 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 8 1 keywords keyword NOUN arjefm-91 8 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 8 3 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 8 4 social social ADJ arjefm-91 8 5 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 8 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 8 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 8 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 8 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 8 10 multinational multinational ADJ arjefm-91 8 11 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 8 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 8 13 mncs mncs PROPN arjefm-91 8 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 8 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 8 16 united united PROPN arjefm-91 8 17 nations nations PROPN arjefm-91 8 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 8 19 human human ADJ arjefm-91 8 20 rights right NOUN arjefm-91 8 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 8 22 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 8 23 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 8 24 1.0 1.0 NUM arjefm-91 8 25 introduction introduction NOUN arjefm-91 8 26 over over ADP arjefm-91 8 27 the the DET arjefm-91 8 28 last last ADJ arjefm-91 8 29 three three NUM arjefm-91 8 30 decades decade NOUN arjefm-91 8 31 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 8 32 there there PRON arjefm-91 8 33 has have AUX arjefm-91 8 34 been be AUX arjefm-91 8 35 a a DET arjefm-91 8 36 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 8 37 growth growth NOUN arjefm-91 8 38 in in ADP arjefm-91 8 39 the the DET arjefm-91 8 40 investment investment NOUN arjefm-91 8 41 in in ADP arjefm-91 8 42 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 8 43 social social ADJ arjefm-91 8 44 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 8 45 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 8 46 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 8 47 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 8 48 both both PRON arjefm-91 8 49 at at ADP arjefm-91 8 50 national national ADJ arjefm-91 8 51 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 8 52 international international ADJ arjefm-91 8 53 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 8 54 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 9 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 9 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 9 3 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 9 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 9 5 the the DET arjefm-91 9 6 negative negative ADJ arjefm-91 9 7 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 9 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 9 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 9 10 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 9 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 9 12 the the DET arjefm-91 9 13 health health NOUN arjefm-91 9 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 9 15 culture culture NOUN arjefm-91 9 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 9 17 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 9 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 9 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 9 20 life life NOUN arjefm-91 9 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 9 22 the the DET arjefm-91 9 23 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 9 24 within within ADP arjefm-91 9 25 which which PRON arjefm-91 9 26 they they PRON arjefm-91 9 27 operate operate VERB arjefm-91 9 28 . . 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PUNCT arjefm-91 11 1 most most ADV arjefm-91 11 2 recently recently ADV arjefm-91 11 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 11 4 the the DET arjefm-91 11 5 concern concern NOUN arjefm-91 11 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 11 7 the the DET arjefm-91 11 8 united united PROPN arjefm-91 11 9 nation nation PROPN arjefm-91 11 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 11 11 un un PROPN arjefm-91 11 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 11 13 through through ADP arjefm-91 11 14 the the DET arjefm-91 11 15 appointment appointment NOUN arjefm-91 11 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 11 17 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 11 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 11 19 a a DET arjefm-91 11 20 united united PROPN arjefm-91 11 21 nation nation PROPN arjefm-91 11 22 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 11 23 special special ADJ arjefm-91 11 24 representative representative NOUN arjefm-91 11 25 for for ADP arjefm-91 11 26 business business NOUN arjefm-91 11 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 11 28 human human ADJ arjefm-91 11 29 rights right NOUN arjefm-91 11 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 11 31 have have AUX arjefm-91 11 32 outstripped outstrip VERB arjefm-91 11 33 the the DET arjefm-91 11 34 willingness willingness NOUN arjefm-91 11 35 of of ADP arjefm-91 11 36 some some DET arjefm-91 11 37 national national ADJ arjefm-91 11 38 government government NOUN arjefm-91 11 39 to to PART arjefm-91 11 40 confront confront VERB arjefm-91 11 41 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 11 42 more more ADV arjefm-91 11 43 clearly clearly ADV arjefm-91 11 44 articulate articulate VERB arjefm-91 11 45 their their PRON arjefm-91 11 46 own own ADJ arjefm-91 11 47 understanding understanding NOUN arjefm-91 11 48 of of ADP arjefm-91 11 49 what what PRON arjefm-91 11 50 csr csr X arjefm-91 11 51 entails entail NOUN arjefm-91 11 52 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 11 53 nolan nolan PROPN arjefm-91 11 54 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 11 55 2007 2007 NUM arjefm-91 11 56 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 11 57 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 12 1 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 12 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 12 3 a a DET arjefm-91 12 4 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 12 5 with with ADP arjefm-91 12 6 similar similar ADJ arjefm-91 12 7 processes process NOUN arjefm-91 12 8 with with ADP arjefm-91 12 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 12 10 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 12 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 12 12 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 12 13 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 12 14 development development NOUN arjefm-91 12 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 12 16 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 12 17 citizenship citizenship NOUN arjefm-91 12 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 12 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 12 20 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 12 21 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 12 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 13 1 anderson anderson PROPN arjefm-91 13 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 13 3 1989 1989 NUM arjefm-91 13 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 13 5 sees see VERB arjefm-91 13 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 13 7 as as ADP arjefm-91 13 8 operating operate VERB arjefm-91 13 9 a a DET arjefm-91 13 10 business business NOUN arjefm-91 13 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 13 12 reliable reliable ADJ arjefm-91 13 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 13 14 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 13 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 13 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 13 17 desirable desirable ADJ arjefm-91 13 18 basis basis NOUN arjefm-91 13 19 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 13 20 respect respect VERB arjefm-91 13 21 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 13 22 values value NOUN arjefm-91 13 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 13 24 people people NOUN arjefm-91 13 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 13 26 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 13 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 13 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 13 29 the the DET arjefm-91 13 30 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 13 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 14 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 14 2 jones jones PROPN arjefm-91 14 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 14 4 george george PROPN arjefm-91 14 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 14 6 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 14 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 14 8 see see VERB arjefm-91 14 9 the the DET arjefm-91 14 10 term term NOUN arjefm-91 14 11 as as ADP arjefm-91 14 12 a a DET arjefm-91 14 13 manager manager NOUN arjefm-91 14 14 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 14 15 duty duty NOUN arjefm-91 14 16 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 14 17 obligation obligation NOUN arjefm-91 14 18 to to PART arjefm-91 14 19 make make VERB arjefm-91 14 20 decisions decision NOUN arjefm-91 14 21 that that PRON arjefm-91 14 22 nurture nurture VERB arjefm-91 14 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 14 24 protect protect VERB arjefm-91 14 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 14 26 enhance enhance NOUN arjefm-91 14 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 14 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 14 29 promote promote VERB arjefm-91 14 30 the the DET arjefm-91 14 31 welfare welfare NOUN arjefm-91 14 32 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 14 33 well well ADV arjefm-91 14 34 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 14 35 being being NOUN arjefm-91 14 36 of of ADP arjefm-91 14 37 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 14 38 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 14 39 society society NOUN arjefm-91 14 40 as as ADP arjefm-91 14 41 a a DET arjefm-91 14 42 whole whole NOUN arjefm-91 14 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 15 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 15 2 the the DET arjefm-91 15 3 words word NOUN arjefm-91 15 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 15 5 european european PROPN arjefm-91 15 6 union union PROPN arjefm-91 15 7 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 15 8 eu eu PROPN arjefm-91 15 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 15 10 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 15 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 15 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 15 13 csr csr X arjefm-91 15 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 15 15 where where SCONJ arjefm-91 15 16 a a DET arjefm-91 15 17 corporation corporation NOUN arjefm-91 15 18 integrates integrate VERB arjefm-91 15 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 15 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 15 21 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 15 22 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 15 23 in in ADP arjefm-91 15 24 their their PRON arjefm-91 15 25 business business NOUN arjefm-91 15 26 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 15 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 15 28 in in ADP arjefm-91 15 29 their their PRON arjefm-91 15 30 interaction interaction NOUN arjefm-91 15 31 with with ADP arjefm-91 15 32 their their PRON arjefm-91 15 33 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 15 34 on on ADP arjefm-91 15 35 voluntary voluntary ADJ arjefm-91 15 36 basis basis NOUN arjefm-91 15 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 15 38 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 15 39 they they PRON arjefm-91 15 40 are be AUX arjefm-91 15 41 aware aware ADJ arjefm-91 16 1 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 16 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 3 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 16 4 behavior behavior NOUN arjefm-91 16 5 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 16 6 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 16 7 american american PROPN arjefm-91 16 8 research research PROPN arjefm-91 16 9 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 16 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 16 11 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 16 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 13 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 16 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 16 15 management management NOUN arjefm-91 16 16 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 16 17 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 16 18 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 16 19 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 16 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 21 october october PROPN arjefm-91 16 22 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 16 23 december december PROPN arjefm-91 16 24 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 16 25 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 16 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 16 27 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 16 28 - - SYM arjefm-91 16 29 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 16 30 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 16 31 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 16 32 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 16 33 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 16 34 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 16 35 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 16 36 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 16 37 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 16 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 39 email email NOUN arjefm-91 16 40 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 16 41 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 16 42 official official ADJ arjefm-91 16 43 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 16 44 of of ADP arjefm-91 16 45 america america PROPN arjefm-91 16 46 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 16 47 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 16 48 american american PROPN arjefm-91 16 49 research research PROPN arjefm-91 16 50 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 16 51 of of ADP arjefm-91 16 52 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 16 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 54 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 16 55 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 16 56 management management NOUN arjefm-91 16 57 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 16 58 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 16 59 email email NOUN arjefm-91 16 60 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 16 61 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 16 62 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 17 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 17 2 p p X arjefm-91 17 3 a a DET arjefm-91 17 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 17 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 17 6 leads lead VERB arjefm-91 17 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 17 8 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 17 9 business business NOUN arjefm-91 17 10 success success NOUN arjefm-91 17 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 18 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 18 2 summary summary NOUN arjefm-91 18 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 18 4 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 18 5 entails entail VERB arjefm-91 18 6 some some DET arjefm-91 18 7 level level NOUN arjefm-91 18 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 18 9 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 18 10 that that PRON arjefm-91 18 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 18 12 not not PART arjefm-91 18 13 liability liability NOUN arjefm-91 18 14 for for ADP arjefm-91 18 15 social social ADJ arjefm-91 18 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 18 17 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 18 18 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 18 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 19 1 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 19 2 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 19 3 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 19 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 19 5 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 19 6 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 19 7 add add VERB arjefm-91 19 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 19 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 19 10 csr csr X arjefm-91 19 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 19 12 more more ADJ arjefm-91 19 13 than than ADP arjefm-91 19 14 just just ADV arjefm-91 19 15 following follow VERB arjefm-91 19 16 the the DET arjefm-91 19 17 law law NOUN arjefm-91 19 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 20 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 20 2 business business NOUN arjefm-91 20 3 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 20 4 around around ADP arjefm-91 20 5 the the DET arjefm-91 20 6 world world NOUN arjefm-91 20 7 are be AUX arjefm-91 20 8 increasingly increasingly ADV arjefm-91 20 9 integrating integrate VERB arjefm-91 20 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 20 11 into into ADP arjefm-91 20 12 all all DET arjefm-91 20 13 aspect aspect NOUN arjefm-91 20 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 20 15 their their PRON arjefm-91 20 16 business business NOUN arjefm-91 20 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 20 18 critics critic NOUN arjefm-91 20 19 questioned question VERB arjefm-91 20 20 the the DET arjefm-91 20 21 legitimacy legitimacy NOUN arjefm-91 20 22 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 20 23 value value NOUN arjefm-91 20 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 20 25 csr csr X arjefm-91 20 26 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 20 27 tsoutsoura tsoutsoura NOUN arjefm-91 20 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 20 29 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 20 30 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 20 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 21 1 some some PRON arjefm-91 21 2 of of ADP arjefm-91 21 3 them they PRON arjefm-91 21 4 argue argue VERB arjefm-91 21 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 21 6 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 21 7 are be AUX arjefm-91 21 8 inefficient inefficient ADJ arjefm-91 21 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 21 10 inappropriate inappropriate ADJ arjefm-91 21 11 agents agent NOUN arjefm-91 21 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 21 13 social social ADJ arjefm-91 21 14 change change NOUN arjefm-91 21 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 21 16 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 21 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 21 18 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 21 19 have have VERB arjefm-91 21 20 the the DET arjefm-91 21 21 sole sole ADJ arjefm-91 21 22 social social ADJ arjefm-91 21 23 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 21 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 21 25 maximizing maximize VERB arjefm-91 21 26 the the DET arjefm-91 21 27 value value NOUN arjefm-91 21 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 21 29 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 21 30 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 21 31 friedman friedman PROPN arjefm-91 21 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 21 33 1970 1970 NUM arjefm-91 21 34 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 21 35 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 21 36 gelb gelb NOUN arjefm-91 21 37 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 21 38 stawser stawser NOUN arjefm-91 21 39 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 21 40 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 21 41 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 21 42 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 22 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 22 2 another another DET arjefm-91 22 3 view view NOUN arjefm-91 22 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 22 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 22 6 covers cover VERB arjefm-91 22 7 many many ADJ arjefm-91 22 8 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 22 9 that that PRON arjefm-91 22 10 are be AUX arjefm-91 22 11 traditionally traditionally ADV arjefm-91 22 12 addressed address VERB arjefm-91 22 13 by by ADP arjefm-91 22 14 government government NOUN arjefm-91 22 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 22 16 thus thus ADV arjefm-91 22 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 22 18 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 22 19 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 22 20 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 22 21 are be AUX arjefm-91 22 22 poorly poorly ADV arjefm-91 22 23 suited suit VERB arjefm-91 22 24 for for ADP arjefm-91 22 25 addressing address VERB arjefm-91 22 26 social social ADJ arjefm-91 22 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 22 28 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 22 29 problems problem NOUN arjefm-91 22 30 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 22 31 tsoutsoura tsoutsoura NOUN arjefm-91 22 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 22 33 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 22 34 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 22 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 23 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 23 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 23 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 23 4 response response NOUN arjefm-91 23 5 to to ADP arjefm-91 23 6 these these PRON arjefm-91 23 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 23 8 freeman freeman PROPN arjefm-91 23 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 23 10 1984 1984 NUM arjefm-91 23 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 23 12 argues argue VERB arjefm-91 23 13 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 23 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 23 15 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 23 16 entities entity NOUN arjefm-91 23 17 have have VERB arjefm-91 23 18 responsibilities responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 23 19 to to PART arjefm-91 23 20 constituent constituent VERB arjefm-91 23 21 groups group NOUN arjefm-91 23 22 that that PRON arjefm-91 23 23 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 23 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 23 25 are be AUX arjefm-91 23 26 affected affect VERB arjefm-91 23 27 by by ADP arjefm-91 23 28 the the DET arjefm-91 23 29 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 23 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 23 31 the the DET arjefm-91 23 32 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 23 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 24 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 24 2 addition addition NOUN arjefm-91 24 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 24 4 preston preston PROPN arjefm-91 24 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 24 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 24 7 1978 1978 NUM arjefm-91 24 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 24 9 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 24 10 waddock waddock NOUN arjefm-91 24 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 24 12 graves grave NOUN arjefm-91 24 13 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 24 14 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 24 15 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 24 16 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 24 17 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 24 18 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 24 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 24 20 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 24 21 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 24 22 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 24 23 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 24 24 established establish VERB arjefm-91 24 25 a a DET arjefm-91 24 26 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 24 27 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 24 28 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 24 29 between between ADP arjefm-91 24 30 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 24 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 24 32 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 24 33 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 24 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 25 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 25 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 25 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 25 4 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 25 5 that that PRON arjefm-91 25 6 are be AUX arjefm-91 25 7 involved involve VERB arjefm-91 25 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 25 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 25 10 preformed preform VERB arjefm-91 25 11 as as ADV arjefm-91 25 12 well well ADV arjefm-91 25 13 as as ADP arjefm-91 25 14 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 25 15 better well ADJ arjefm-91 25 16 than than ADP arjefm-91 25 17 their their PRON arjefm-91 25 18 counterparts counterpart NOUN arjefm-91 25 19 that that PRON arjefm-91 25 20 do do AUX arjefm-91 25 21 not not PART arjefm-91 25 22 engage engage VERB arjefm-91 25 23 in in ADP arjefm-91 25 24 csr csr X arjefm-91 25 25 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 25 26 pava pava NOUN arjefm-91 25 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 25 28 krausz krausz NOUN arjefm-91 25 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 25 30 1996 1996 NUM arjefm-91 25 31 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 25 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 26 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 26 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 26 3 the the DET arjefm-91 26 4 proponents proponent NOUN arjefm-91 26 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 26 6 csr csr X arjefm-91 26 7 assert assert NOUN arjefm-91 26 8 with with ADP arjefm-91 26 9 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 26 10 to to ADP arjefm-91 26 11 the the DET arjefm-91 26 12 view view NOUN arjefm-91 26 13 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 26 14 social social ADJ arjefm-91 26 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 26 16 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 26 17 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 26 18 are be AUX arjefm-91 26 19 the the DET arjefm-91 26 20 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 26 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 26 22 government government NOUN arjefm-91 26 23 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 26 24 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 26 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 26 26 in in ADP arjefm-91 26 27 view view NOUN arjefm-91 26 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 26 29 shifting shift VERB arjefm-91 26 30 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 26 31 power power NOUN arjefm-91 26 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 26 33 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 26 34 should should AUX arjefm-91 26 35 have have VERB arjefm-91 26 36 an an DET arjefm-91 26 37 increasing increase VERB arjefm-91 26 38 role role NOUN arjefm-91 26 39 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 26 40 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 26 41 for for ADP arjefm-91 26 42 addressing address VERB arjefm-91 26 43 social social ADJ arjefm-91 26 44 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 26 45 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 26 46 problems problem NOUN arjefm-91 26 47 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 26 48 tsoutsoura tsoutsoura NOUN arjefm-91 26 49 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 26 50 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 26 51 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 26 52 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 27 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 27 2 essence essence NOUN arjefm-91 27 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 27 4 the the DET arjefm-91 27 5 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 27 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 27 7 engaging engage VERB arjefm-91 27 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 27 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 27 10 by by ADP arjefm-91 27 11 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 27 12 includes include VERB arjefm-91 27 13 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 27 14 enhancement enhancement NOUN arjefm-91 27 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 27 16 recruiting recruiting NOUN arjefm-91 27 17 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 27 18 retaining retain VERB arjefm-91 27 19 high high ADJ arjefm-91 27 20 quality quality NOUN arjefm-91 27 21 workers worker NOUN arjefm-91 27 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 27 23 charging charge VERB arjefm-91 27 24 a a DET arjefm-91 27 25 premium premium NOUN arjefm-91 27 26 price price NOUN arjefm-91 27 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 27 28 competitive competitive ADJ arjefm-91 27 29 advantage advantage NOUN arjefm-91 27 30 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 27 31 baron baron NOUN arjefm-91 27 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 27 33 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 27 34 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 27 35 bagnoli bagnoli NOUN arjefm-91 27 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 27 37 watts watts PROPN arjefm-91 27 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 27 39 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 27 40 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 27 41 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 28 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 28 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 28 3 one one NUM arjefm-91 28 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 28 5 the the DET arjefm-91 28 6 leading lead VERB arjefm-91 28 7 arguments argument NOUN arjefm-91 28 8 for for ADP arjefm-91 28 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 28 10 recently recently ADV arjefm-91 28 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 28 12 the the DET arjefm-91 28 13 internationalization internationalization NOUN arjefm-91 28 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 28 15 business business NOUN arjefm-91 28 16 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 28 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 28 18 that that ADV arjefm-91 28 19 is is ADV arjefm-91 28 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 28 21 the the DET arjefm-91 28 22 increasing increase VERB arjefm-91 28 23 dominance dominance NOUN arjefm-91 28 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 28 25 multinational multinational ADJ arjefm-91 28 26 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 28 27 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 28 28 mncs mncs PROPN arjefm-91 28 29 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 28 30 in in ADP arjefm-91 28 31 the the DET arjefm-91 28 32 developing develop VERB arjefm-91 28 33 countries country NOUN arjefm-91 28 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 29 1 a a DET arjefm-91 29 2 pioneer pioneer NOUN arjefm-91 29 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 29 4 promoting promote VERB arjefm-91 29 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 29 6 in in ADP arjefm-91 29 7 a a DET arjefm-91 29 8 development development NOUN arjefm-91 29 9 context context NOUN arjefm-91 29 10 was be AUX arjefm-91 29 11 united united ADJ arjefm-91 29 12 kingdom kingdom PROPN arjefm-91 29 13 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 29 14 department department NOUN arjefm-91 29 15 for for ADP arjefm-91 29 16 international international ADJ arjefm-91 29 17 development development NOUN arjefm-91 29 18 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 29 19 dfid dfid PROPN arjefm-91 29 20 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 29 21 by by ADP arjefm-91 29 22 the the DET arjefm-91 29 23 establishment establishment NOUN arjefm-91 29 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 29 25 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 29 26 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 29 27 business business NOUN arjefm-91 29 28 unit unit NOUN arjefm-91 29 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 29 30 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 29 31 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 29 32 jenkins jenkin NOUN arjefm-91 29 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 29 34 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 29 35 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 29 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 30 1 other other ADJ arjefm-91 30 2 efforts effort NOUN arjefm-91 30 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 30 4 support support NOUN arjefm-91 30 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 30 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 30 8 this this DET arjefm-91 30 9 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 30 10 includes include VERB arjefm-91 30 11 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 30 12 the the DET arjefm-91 30 13 establishment establishment NOUN arjefm-91 30 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 15 codes code NOUN arjefm-91 30 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 17 conduct conduct NOUN arjefm-91 30 18 for for ADP arjefm-91 30 19 transnational transnational ADJ arjefm-91 30 20 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 30 21 by by ADP arjefm-91 30 22 un un PROPN arjefm-91 30 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 30 24 the the DET arjefm-91 30 25 changing change VERB arjefm-91 30 26 view view NOUN arjefm-91 30 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 28 the the DET arjefm-91 30 29 development development NOUN arjefm-91 30 30 agencies agency NOUN arjefm-91 30 31 on on ADP arjefm-91 30 32 the the DET arjefm-91 30 33 objective objective NOUN arjefm-91 30 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 35 development development NOUN arjefm-91 30 36 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 30 37 the the DET arjefm-91 30 38 creation creation NOUN arjefm-91 30 39 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 40 united united PROPN arjefm-91 30 41 nation nation PROPN arjefm-91 30 42 development development PROPN arjefm-91 30 43 programme programme PROPN arjefm-91 30 44 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 30 45 undp undp PROPN arjefm-91 30 46 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 30 47 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 30 48 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 30 49 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 30 50 the the DET arjefm-91 30 51 decline decline NOUN arjefm-91 30 52 in in ADP arjefm-91 30 53 confidence confidence NOUN arjefm-91 30 54 in in ADP arjefm-91 30 55 the the DET arjefm-91 30 56 role role NOUN arjefm-91 30 57 of of ADP arjefm-91 30 58 the the DET arjefm-91 30 59 government government NOUN arjefm-91 30 60 as as ADP arjefm-91 30 61 an an DET arjefm-91 30 62 agent agent NOUN arjefm-91 30 63 for for ADP arjefm-91 30 64 development development NOUN arjefm-91 30 65 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 31 1 these these PRON arjefm-91 31 2 together together ADV arjefm-91 31 3 resulted result VERB arjefm-91 31 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 31 5 the the DET arjefm-91 31 6 creation creation NOUN arjefm-91 31 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 31 8 un un PROPN arjefm-91 31 9 millennium millennium PROPN arjefm-91 31 10 development development NOUN arjefm-91 31 11 goals goal NOUN arjefm-91 31 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 31 13 mdgs mdgs NOUN arjefm-91 31 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 31 15 with with ADP arjefm-91 31 16 the the DET arjefm-91 31 17 goals goal NOUN arjefm-91 31 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 31 19 eradicating eradicate VERB arjefm-91 31 20 poverty poverty NOUN arjefm-91 31 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 31 22 hunger hunger NOUN arjefm-91 31 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 31 24 achieving achieve VERB arjefm-91 31 25 universal universal ADJ arjefm-91 31 26 primary primary ADJ arjefm-91 31 27 education education NOUN arjefm-91 31 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 31 29 reducing reduce VERB arjefm-91 31 30 mortality mortality NOUN arjefm-91 31 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 31 32 improving improve VERB arjefm-91 31 33 health health NOUN arjefm-91 31 34 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 31 35 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 31 36 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 31 37 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 31 38 jenkins jenkin NOUN arjefm-91 31 39 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 31 40 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 31 41 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 31 42 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 32 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 32 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 32 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 32 4 view view NOUN arjefm-91 32 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 32 6 these these PRON arjefm-91 32 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 32 8 the the DET arjefm-91 32 9 increasing increase VERB arjefm-91 32 10 flows flow NOUN arjefm-91 32 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 32 12 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 32 13 to to ADP arjefm-91 32 14 developing develop VERB arjefm-91 32 15 countries country NOUN arjefm-91 32 16 by by ADP arjefm-91 32 17 mncs mncs PROPN arjefm-91 32 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 32 19 the the DET arjefm-91 32 20 development development NOUN arjefm-91 32 21 agencies agency NOUN arjefm-91 32 22 see see VERB arjefm-91 32 23 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 32 24 as as ADP arjefm-91 32 25 a a DET arjefm-91 32 26 tool tool NOUN arjefm-91 32 27 for for ADP arjefm-91 32 28 achieving achieve VERB arjefm-91 32 29 the the DET arjefm-91 32 30 developmental developmental ADJ arjefm-91 32 31 goals goal NOUN arjefm-91 32 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 33 1 parahalad parahalad PROPN arjefm-91 33 2 cited cite VERB arjefm-91 33 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 33 4 jenkins jenkins PROPN arjefm-91 33 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 33 6 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 33 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 33 8 states state VERB arjefm-91 33 9 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 33 10 mncs mncs PROPN arjefm-91 33 11 could could AUX arjefm-91 33 12 radically radically ADV arjefm-91 33 13 improve improve VERB arjefm-91 33 14 the the DET arjefm-91 33 15 lives life NOUN arjefm-91 33 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 33 17 people people NOUN arjefm-91 33 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 33 19 bring bring VERB arjefm-91 33 20 a a DET arjefm-91 33 21 more more ADV arjefm-91 33 22 stable stable ADJ arjefm-91 33 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 33 24 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 33 25 world world NOUN arjefm-91 33 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 34 1 although although SCONJ arjefm-91 34 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 34 3 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 34 4 practice practice NOUN arjefm-91 34 5 comprises comprise NOUN arjefm-91 34 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 34 7 all all DET arjefm-91 34 8 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 34 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 34 10 social social ADJ arjefm-91 34 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 34 12 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 34 13 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 34 14 are be AUX arjefm-91 34 15 to to ADP arjefm-91 34 16 a a DET arjefm-91 34 17 large large ADJ arjefm-91 34 18 extent extent NOUN arjefm-91 34 19 associated associate VERB arjefm-91 34 20 with with ADP arjefm-91 34 21 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 34 22 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 34 23 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 34 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 34 25 the the DET arjefm-91 34 26 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 34 27 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 34 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 34 29 their their PRON arjefm-91 34 30 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 34 31 on on ADP arjefm-91 34 32 the the DET arjefm-91 34 33 modern modern ADJ arjefm-91 34 34 globalized globalized ADJ arjefm-91 34 35 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 34 36 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 34 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 35 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 35 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 35 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 35 4 the the DET arjefm-91 35 5 wake wake NOUN arjefm-91 35 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 35 7 growing grow VERB arjefm-91 35 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 35 9 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 35 10 by by ADP arjefm-91 35 11 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 35 12 entities entity NOUN arjefm-91 35 13 both both CCONJ arjefm-91 35 14 national national ADJ arjefm-91 35 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 35 16 multinationals multinational NOUN arjefm-91 35 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 35 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 35 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 35 20 its its PRON arjefm-91 35 21 environs environ NOUN arjefm-91 35 22 is be AUX arjefm-91 35 23 experiencing experience VERB arjefm-91 35 24 increasing increase VERB arjefm-91 35 25 social social ADJ arjefm-91 35 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 35 27 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 35 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 35 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 35 30 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 35 31 difficulties difficulty NOUN arjefm-91 35 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 36 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 36 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 36 3 despite despite SCONJ arjefm-91 36 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 36 5 the the DET arjefm-91 36 6 several several ADJ arjefm-91 36 7 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 36 8 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 36 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 36 10 almost almost ADV arjefm-91 36 11 all all PRON arjefm-91 36 12 parts part NOUN arjefm-91 36 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 36 14 the the DET arjefm-91 36 15 country country NOUN arjefm-91 36 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 17 claiming claim VERB arjefm-91 36 18 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 36 19 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 36 20 american american PROPN arjefm-91 36 21 research research PROPN arjefm-91 36 22 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 36 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 36 24 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 36 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 26 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 36 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 36 28 management management NOUN arjefm-91 36 29 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 36 30 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 36 31 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 36 32 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 36 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 34 october october PROPN arjefm-91 36 35 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 36 36 december december PROPN arjefm-91 36 37 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 36 38 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 36 39 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 36 40 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 36 41 - - SYM arjefm-91 36 42 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 36 43 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 36 44 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 36 45 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 36 46 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 36 47 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 36 48 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 36 49 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 36 50 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 36 51 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 52 email email NOUN arjefm-91 36 53 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 36 54 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 36 55 official official ADJ arjefm-91 36 56 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 36 57 of of ADP arjefm-91 36 58 america america PROPN arjefm-91 36 59 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 36 60 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 36 61 american american PROPN arjefm-91 36 62 research research PROPN arjefm-91 36 63 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 36 64 of of ADP arjefm-91 36 65 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 36 66 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 67 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 36 68 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 36 69 management management NOUN arjefm-91 36 70 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 36 71 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 36 72 email email NOUN arjefm-91 36 73 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 37 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 37 2 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 38 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 38 2 p p X arjefm-91 38 3 a a DET arjefm-91 38 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 38 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 38 6 investment investment NOUN arjefm-91 38 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 38 8 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 38 9 . . PROPN arjefm-91 38 10 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 38 11 according accord VERB arjefm-91 38 12 to to ADP arjefm-91 38 13 un un PROPN arjefm-91 38 14 has have VERB arjefm-91 38 15 an an DET arjefm-91 38 16 estimated estimate VERB arjefm-91 38 17 population population NOUN arjefm-91 38 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 38 19 155 155 NUM arjefm-91 38 20 million million NUM arjefm-91 38 21 as as ADP arjefm-91 38 22 at at ADP arjefm-91 38 23 2009 2009 NUM arjefm-91 38 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 38 25 with with ADP arjefm-91 38 26 average average ADJ arjefm-91 38 27 annual annual ADJ arjefm-91 38 28 population population NOUN arjefm-91 38 29 growth growth NOUN arjefm-91 38 30 rate rate NOUN arjefm-91 38 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 38 32 2.1 2.1 NUM arjefm-91 38 33 % % NOUN arjefm-91 38 34 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 38 35 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 38 36 surface surface NOUN arjefm-91 38 37 area area NOUN arjefm-91 38 38 of of ADP arjefm-91 38 39 923768 923768 NUM arjefm-91 38 40 square square ADJ arjefm-91 38 41 kilometers kilometer NOUN arjefm-91 38 42 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 38 43 data.un.org data.un.org PROPN arjefm-91 38 44 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 38 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 39 1 this this DET arjefm-91 39 2 population population NOUN arjefm-91 39 3 density density NOUN arjefm-91 39 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 39 5 the the DET arjefm-91 39 6 abundance abundance NOUN arjefm-91 39 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 39 8 natural natural ADJ arjefm-91 39 9 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 39 10 make make VERB arjefm-91 39 11 nigeria nigeria PRON arjefm-91 39 12 to to PART arjefm-91 39 13 be be AUX arjefm-91 39 14 an an DET arjefm-91 39 15 attractive attractive ADJ arjefm-91 39 16 market market NOUN arjefm-91 39 17 for for ADP arjefm-91 39 18 many many ADJ arjefm-91 39 19 businesses business NOUN arjefm-91 39 20 as as ADV arjefm-91 39 21 well well ADV arjefm-91 39 22 as as ADP arjefm-91 39 23 their their PRON arjefm-91 39 24 sources source NOUN arjefm-91 39 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 39 26 raw raw ADJ arjefm-91 39 27 material material NOUN arjefm-91 39 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 40 1 ajadi ajadi PROPN arjefm-91 40 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 40 3 2006 2006 NUM arjefm-91 40 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 40 5 identified identify VERB arjefm-91 40 6 specific specific ADJ arjefm-91 40 7 drivers driver NOUN arjefm-91 40 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 40 9 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 40 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 40 11 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 40 12 which which PRON arjefm-91 40 13 include include VERB arjefm-91 40 14 the the DET arjefm-91 40 15 failure failure NOUN arjefm-91 40 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 40 17 the the DET arjefm-91 40 18 government government NOUN arjefm-91 40 19 to to PART arjefm-91 40 20 develop develop VERB arjefm-91 40 21 the the DET arjefm-91 40 22 country country NOUN arjefm-91 40 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 40 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 40 25 the the DET arjefm-91 40 26 history history NOUN arjefm-91 40 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 40 28 conflict conflict NOUN arjefm-91 40 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 40 30 waste waste NOUN arjefm-91 40 31 in in ADP arjefm-91 40 32 the the DET arjefm-91 40 33 extractive extractive ADJ arjefm-91 40 34 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 40 35 in in ADP arjefm-91 40 36 the the DET arjefm-91 40 37 nigerdelta nigerdelta PROPN arjefm-91 40 38 region region NOUN arjefm-91 40 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 41 1 he he PRON arjefm-91 41 2 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 41 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 41 4 suggests suggest VERB arjefm-91 41 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 41 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 41 7 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 41 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 41 9 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 41 10 should should AUX arjefm-91 41 11 be be AUX arjefm-91 41 12 aimed aim VERB arjefm-91 41 13 at at ADP arjefm-91 41 14 addressing address VERB arjefm-91 41 15 the the DET arjefm-91 41 16 peculiarity peculiarity NOUN arjefm-91 41 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 41 18 the the DET arjefm-91 41 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 41 20 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 41 21 development development NOUN arjefm-91 41 22 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 41 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 41 24 the the DET arjefm-91 41 25 country country NOUN arjefm-91 41 26 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 41 27 poverty poverty NOUN arjefm-91 41 28 alleviation alleviation NOUN arjefm-91 41 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 41 30 health health NOUN arjefm-91 41 31 care care NOUN arjefm-91 41 32 provision provision NOUN arjefm-91 41 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 41 34 infrastructural infrastructural ADJ arjefm-91 41 35 development development NOUN arjefm-91 41 36 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 41 37 structure structure NOUN arjefm-91 41 38 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 41 39 education education NOUN arjefm-91 41 40 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 41 41 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 42 1 prior prior ADJ arjefm-91 42 2 studies study NOUN arjefm-91 42 3 on on ADP arjefm-91 42 4 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 42 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 42 6 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 42 7 focused focus VERB arjefm-91 42 8 on on ADP arjefm-91 42 9 the the DET arjefm-91 42 10 multinational multinational ADJ arjefm-91 42 11 oil oil NOUN arjefm-91 42 12 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 42 13 gas gas NOUN arjefm-91 42 14 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 42 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 42 16 other other ADJ arjefm-91 42 17 multinationals multinational NOUN arjefm-91 42 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 43 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 43 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 43 3 due due ADJ arjefm-91 43 4 to to ADP arjefm-91 43 5 the the DET arjefm-91 43 6 major major ADJ arjefm-91 43 7 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 43 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 43 9 oil oil NOUN arjefm-91 43 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 43 11 gas gas NOUN arjefm-91 43 12 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 43 13 on on ADP arjefm-91 43 14 the the DET arjefm-91 43 15 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 43 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 43 17 the the DET arjefm-91 43 18 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 43 19 are be AUX arjefm-91 43 20 making make VERB arjefm-91 43 21 huge huge ADJ arjefm-91 43 22 profits profit NOUN arjefm-91 43 23 from from ADP arjefm-91 43 24 their their PRON arjefm-91 43 25 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 43 26 in in ADP arjefm-91 43 27 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 43 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 44 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 44 2 the the DET arjefm-91 44 3 same same ADJ arjefm-91 44 4 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 44 5 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 44 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 44 7 business business NOUN arjefm-91 44 8 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 44 9 are be AUX arjefm-91 44 10 facing face VERB arjefm-91 44 11 infrastructural infrastructural ADJ arjefm-91 44 12 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 44 13 which which PRON arjefm-91 44 14 include include VERB arjefm-91 44 15 incessant incessant ADJ arjefm-91 44 16 power power NOUN arjefm-91 44 17 outage outage NOUN arjefm-91 44 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 44 19 bad bad ADJ arjefm-91 44 20 roads road NOUN arjefm-91 44 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 44 22 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 44 23 insecurity insecurity NOUN arjefm-91 44 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 44 25 investment investment NOUN arjefm-91 44 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 44 27 property property NOUN arjefm-91 44 28 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 44 29 osemene osemene NOUN arjefm-91 44 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 44 31 2012 2012 NUM arjefm-91 44 32 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 44 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 44 34 which which PRON arjefm-91 44 35 make make VERB arjefm-91 44 36 business business NOUN arjefm-91 44 37 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 44 38 unstable unstable ADJ arjefm-91 44 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 45 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 45 2 his his PRON arjefm-91 45 3 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 45 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 45 5 he he PRON arjefm-91 45 6 argues argue VERB arjefm-91 45 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 45 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 45 9 sector sector NOUN arjefm-91 45 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 45 11 not not PART arjefm-91 45 12 sound sound ADJ arjefm-91 45 13 due due ADJ arjefm-91 45 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 45 15 inadequate inadequate ADJ arjefm-91 45 16 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN arjefm-91 45 17 among among ADP arjefm-91 45 18 other other ADJ arjefm-91 45 19 factors factor NOUN arjefm-91 45 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 46 1 moreover moreover ADV arjefm-91 46 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 46 3 sequel sequel VERB arjefm-91 46 4 to to ADP arjefm-91 46 5 the the DET arjefm-91 46 6 social social ADJ arjefm-91 46 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 46 8 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 46 9 difficulties difficulty NOUN arjefm-91 46 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 46 11 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 46 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 46 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 46 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 46 15 light light NOUN arjefm-91 46 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 46 17 the the DET arjefm-91 46 18 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 46 19 that that PRON arjefm-91 46 20 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 46 21 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 46 22 are be AUX arjefm-91 46 23 driving drive VERB arjefm-91 46 24 from from ADP arjefm-91 46 25 the the DET arjefm-91 46 26 country country NOUN arjefm-91 46 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 46 28 society society NOUN arjefm-91 46 29 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 46 30 expectations expectation NOUN arjefm-91 46 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 46 32 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 46 33 values value NOUN arjefm-91 46 34 are be AUX arjefm-91 46 35 highly highly ADV arjefm-91 46 36 expected expect VERB arjefm-91 46 37 from from ADP arjefm-91 46 38 the the DET arjefm-91 46 39 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 46 40 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 46 41 sector sector NOUN arjefm-91 46 42 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 47 1 with with SCONJ arjefm-91 47 2 the the DET arjefm-91 47 3 re re NOUN arjefm-91 47 4 - - NOUN arjefm-91 47 5 emergence emergence NOUN arjefm-91 47 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 47 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 9 the the DET arjefm-91 47 10 present present ADJ arjefm-91 47 11 globalized globalize VERB arjefm-91 47 12 business business NOUN arjefm-91 47 13 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 47 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 47 15 particularly particularly ADV arjefm-91 47 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 17 the the DET arjefm-91 47 18 context context NOUN arjefm-91 47 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 20 tans tan NOUN arjefm-91 47 21 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 47 22 nationalization nationalization NOUN arjefm-91 47 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 24 business business NOUN arjefm-91 47 25 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 47 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 47 27 the the DET arjefm-91 47 28 support support NOUN arjefm-91 47 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 30 un un PROPN arjefm-91 47 31 as as ADV arjefm-91 47 32 well well ADV arjefm-91 47 33 as as ADP arjefm-91 47 34 other other ADJ arjefm-91 47 35 social social ADJ arjefm-91 47 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 47 37 human human ADJ arjefm-91 47 38 rights right NOUN arjefm-91 47 39 activists activist NOUN arjefm-91 47 40 to to PART arjefm-91 47 41 improve improve VERB arjefm-91 47 42 the the DET arjefm-91 47 43 quality quality NOUN arjefm-91 47 44 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 45 lives life NOUN arjefm-91 47 46 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 47 local local ADJ arjefm-91 47 48 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 47 49 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 47 50 through through ADP arjefm-91 47 51 the the DET arjefm-91 47 52 mechanisms mechanism NOUN arjefm-91 47 53 of of ADP arjefm-91 47 54 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 47 55 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 47 56 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 47 57 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 47 58 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 59 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 47 60 are be AUX arjefm-91 47 61 claiming claim VERB arjefm-91 47 62 csr csr X arjefm-91 47 63 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 64 their their PRON arjefm-91 47 65 policies policy NOUN arjefm-91 47 66 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 47 67 reporting report VERB arjefm-91 47 68 investments investment NOUN arjefm-91 47 69 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 70 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 47 71 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 47 72 across across ADP arjefm-91 47 73 different different ADJ arjefm-91 47 74 areas area NOUN arjefm-91 47 75 in in ADP arjefm-91 47 76 the the DET arjefm-91 47 77 country country NOUN arjefm-91 47 78 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 48 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 48 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 48 3 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 48 4 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 48 5 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 48 6 particularly particularly ADV arjefm-91 48 7 those those PRON arjefm-91 48 8 with with ADP arjefm-91 48 9 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 48 10 implications implication NOUN arjefm-91 48 11 have have VERB arjefm-91 48 12 market market NOUN arjefm-91 48 13 consequences consequence NOUN arjefm-91 48 14 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 49 1 hence hence ADV arjefm-91 49 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 49 3 the the DET arjefm-91 49 4 need need NOUN arjefm-91 49 5 for for ADP arjefm-91 49 6 understanding understand VERB arjefm-91 49 7 how how SCONJ arjefm-91 49 8 the the DET arjefm-91 49 9 market market NOUN arjefm-91 49 10 response response NOUN arjefm-91 49 11 to to ADP arjefm-91 49 12 csr csr X arjefm-91 49 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 49 14 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 49 15 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 49 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 49 17 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 49 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 50 1 1.1 1.1 NUM arjefm-91 50 2 aim aim NOUN arjefm-91 50 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 50 4 objectives objective NOUN arjefm-91 50 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 50 6 the the DET arjefm-91 50 7 study study NOUN arjefm-91 50 8 the the DET arjefm-91 50 9 main main ADJ arjefm-91 50 10 aim aim NOUN arjefm-91 50 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 50 12 this this DET arjefm-91 50 13 research research NOUN arjefm-91 50 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 50 15 to to PART arjefm-91 50 16 assess assess VERB arjefm-91 50 17 the the DET arjefm-91 50 18 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 50 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 50 20 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 50 21 social social ADJ arjefm-91 50 22 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 50 23 on on ADP arjefm-91 50 24 the the DET arjefm-91 50 25 market market NOUN arjefm-91 50 26 values value NOUN arjefm-91 50 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 50 28 listed list VERB arjefm-91 50 29 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 50 30 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 50 31 in in ADP arjefm-91 50 32 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 50 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 51 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 51 2 the the DET arjefm-91 51 3 specific specific ADJ arjefm-91 51 4 objectives objective NOUN arjefm-91 51 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 51 6 the the DET arjefm-91 51 7 research research NOUN arjefm-91 51 8 are be AUX arjefm-91 51 9 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 51 10 i. i. NOUN arjefm-91 51 11 to to PART arjefm-91 51 12 examine examine VERB arjefm-91 51 13 the the DET arjefm-91 51 14 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 51 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 51 16 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 51 17 social social ADJ arjefm-91 51 18 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 51 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 51 20 society society NOUN arjefm-91 51 21 on on ADP arjefm-91 51 22 the the DET arjefm-91 51 23 market market NOUN arjefm-91 51 24 values value NOUN arjefm-91 51 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 51 26 listed list VERB arjefm-91 51 27 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 51 28 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 51 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 51 30 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 51 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 52 1 ii ii PROPN arjefm-91 52 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 53 1 to to PART arjefm-91 53 2 investigate investigate VERB arjefm-91 53 3 the the DET arjefm-91 53 4 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 53 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 53 6 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 53 7 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 53 8 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 53 9 on on ADP arjefm-91 53 10 the the DET arjefm-91 53 11 market market NOUN arjefm-91 53 12 values value NOUN arjefm-91 53 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 53 14 listed list VERB arjefm-91 53 15 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 53 16 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 53 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 53 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 53 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 54 1 iii iii X arjefm-91 54 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 54 3 to to PART arjefm-91 54 4 assess assess VERB arjefm-91 54 5 the the DET arjefm-91 54 6 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 54 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 54 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 54 9 with with ADP arjefm-91 54 10 regard regard NOUN arjefm-91 54 11 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 54 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 54 13 the the DET arjefm-91 54 14 market market NOUN arjefm-91 54 15 values value NOUN arjefm-91 54 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 54 17 listed list VERB arjefm-91 54 18 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 54 19 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 54 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 54 21 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 54 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 55 1 iv iv X arjefm-91 55 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 55 3 to to PART arjefm-91 55 4 examine examine VERB arjefm-91 55 5 the the DET arjefm-91 55 6 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 55 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 55 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 55 9 value value NOUN arjefm-91 55 10 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 55 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 55 12 the the DET arjefm-91 55 13 market market NOUN arjefm-91 55 14 values value NOUN arjefm-91 55 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 55 16 listed list VERB arjefm-91 55 17 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 55 18 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 55 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 55 20 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 55 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 56 1 v. v. ADP arjefm-91 56 2 to to PART arjefm-91 56 3 assess assess VERB arjefm-91 56 4 the the DET arjefm-91 56 5 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 56 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 56 7 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 56 8 compliance compliance NOUN arjefm-91 56 9 on on ADP arjefm-91 56 10 the the DET arjefm-91 56 11 market market NOUN arjefm-91 56 12 values value NOUN arjefm-91 56 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 56 14 listed list VERB arjefm-91 56 15 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 56 16 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 56 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 56 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 56 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 57 1 1.2 1.2 NUM arjefm-91 57 2 research research NOUN arjefm-91 57 3 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 57 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 57 5 line line NOUN arjefm-91 57 6 with with ADP arjefm-91 57 7 the the DET arjefm-91 57 8 research research NOUN arjefm-91 57 9 objectives objective NOUN arjefm-91 57 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 11 the the DET arjefm-91 57 12 following follow VERB arjefm-91 57 13 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 57 14 are be AUX arjefm-91 57 15 formulated formulate VERB arjefm-91 57 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 57 17 null null ADJ arjefm-91 57 18 form form NOUN arjefm-91 57 19 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 57 20 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 57 21 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 57 22 american american PROPN arjefm-91 57 23 research research PROPN arjefm-91 57 24 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 57 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 57 26 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 57 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 28 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 57 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 57 30 management management NOUN arjefm-91 57 31 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 57 32 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 57 33 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 57 34 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 57 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 36 october october PROPN arjefm-91 57 37 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 57 38 december december PROPN arjefm-91 57 39 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 57 40 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 57 41 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 57 42 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 57 43 - - SYM arjefm-91 57 44 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 57 45 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 57 46 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 57 47 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 57 48 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 57 49 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 57 50 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 57 51 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 57 52 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 57 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 54 email email NOUN arjefm-91 57 55 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 57 56 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 57 57 official official ADJ arjefm-91 57 58 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 57 59 of of ADP arjefm-91 57 60 america america PROPN arjefm-91 57 61 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 57 62 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 57 63 american american PROPN arjefm-91 57 64 research research PROPN arjefm-91 57 65 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 57 66 of of ADP arjefm-91 57 67 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 57 68 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 69 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 57 70 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 57 71 management management NOUN arjefm-91 57 72 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 57 73 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 57 74 email email NOUN arjefm-91 57 75 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 57 76 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 58 1 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 59 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 59 2 p p X arjefm-91 59 3 a a DET arjefm-91 59 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 59 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 59 6 h01 h01 NOUN arjefm-91 59 7 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 59 8 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 59 9 social social ADJ arjefm-91 59 10 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 59 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 59 12 society society NOUN arjefm-91 59 13 has have VERB arjefm-91 59 14 no no DET arjefm-91 59 15 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 59 16 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 59 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 59 18 the the DET arjefm-91 59 19 market market NOUN arjefm-91 59 20 values value NOUN arjefm-91 59 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 59 22 listed list VERB arjefm-91 59 23 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 59 24 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 59 25 in in ADP arjefm-91 59 26 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 59 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 60 1 h02 h02 NOUN arjefm-91 60 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 60 3 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 60 4 social social ADJ arjefm-91 60 5 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 60 6 on on ADP arjefm-91 60 7 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 60 8 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 60 9 has have VERB arjefm-91 60 10 no no DET arjefm-91 60 11 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 60 12 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 60 13 on on ADP arjefm-91 60 14 the the DET arjefm-91 60 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 60 16 values value NOUN arjefm-91 60 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 60 18 listed list VERB arjefm-91 60 19 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 60 20 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 60 21 in in ADP arjefm-91 60 22 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 60 23 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 61 1 h03 h03 NOUN arjefm-91 61 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 61 3 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 61 4 social social ADJ arjefm-91 61 5 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 61 6 on on ADP arjefm-91 61 7 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 61 8 has have VERB arjefm-91 61 9 no no DET arjefm-91 61 10 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 61 11 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 61 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 61 13 the the DET arjefm-91 61 14 market market NOUN arjefm-91 61 15 values value NOUN arjefm-91 61 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 61 17 listed list VERB arjefm-91 61 18 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 61 19 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 61 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 61 21 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 61 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 62 1 h04 h04 PROPN arjefm-91 62 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 62 3 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 62 4 social social ADJ arjefm-91 62 5 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 62 6 on on ADP arjefm-91 62 7 value value NOUN arjefm-91 62 8 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 62 9 has have VERB arjefm-91 62 10 no no DET arjefm-91 62 11 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 62 12 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 62 13 on on ADP arjefm-91 62 14 the the DET arjefm-91 62 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 62 16 values value NOUN arjefm-91 62 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 62 18 listed list VERB arjefm-91 62 19 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 62 20 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 62 21 in in ADP arjefm-91 62 22 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 62 23 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 63 1 h05 h05 PROPN arjefm-91 63 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 63 3 compliance compliance NOUN arjefm-91 63 4 with with ADP arjefm-91 63 5 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 63 6 requirements requirement NOUN arjefm-91 63 7 has have VERB arjefm-91 63 8 no no DET arjefm-91 63 9 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 63 10 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 63 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 63 12 the the DET arjefm-91 63 13 market market NOUN arjefm-91 63 14 values value NOUN arjefm-91 63 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 63 16 listed list VERB arjefm-91 63 17 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 63 18 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 63 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 63 20 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 63 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 64 1 1.3 1.3 NUM arjefm-91 64 2 scope scope NOUN arjefm-91 64 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 64 4 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 64 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 64 6 the the DET arjefm-91 64 7 research research NOUN arjefm-91 64 8 the the DET arjefm-91 64 9 increasing increase VERB arjefm-91 64 10 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 64 11 about about ADP arjefm-91 64 12 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 64 13 business business NOUN arjefm-91 64 14 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 64 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 64 16 the the DET arjefm-91 64 17 demand demand NOUN arjefm-91 64 18 for for ADP arjefm-91 64 19 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 64 20 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 64 21 businesses business NOUN arjefm-91 64 22 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 64 23 how how SCONJ arjefm-91 64 24 their their PRON arjefm-91 64 25 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 64 26 maximizes maximize VERB arjefm-91 64 27 value value NOUN arjefm-91 64 28 in in ADP arjefm-91 64 29 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 64 30 make make VERB arjefm-91 64 31 this this DET arjefm-91 64 32 study study NOUN arjefm-91 64 33 a a DET arjefm-91 64 34 necessity necessity NOUN arjefm-91 64 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 65 1 the the DET arjefm-91 65 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 65 3 is be AUX arjefm-91 65 4 expected expect VERB arjefm-91 65 5 to to PART arjefm-91 65 6 benefit benefit VERB arjefm-91 65 7 policy policy NOUN arjefm-91 65 8 makers maker NOUN arjefm-91 65 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 65 10 government government NOUN arjefm-91 65 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 65 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 65 13 human human ADJ arjefm-91 65 14 rights right NOUN arjefm-91 65 15 agencies agency NOUN arjefm-91 65 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 65 17 the the DET arjefm-91 65 18 general general ADJ arjefm-91 65 19 public public NOUN arjefm-91 65 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 65 21 managers manager NOUN arjefm-91 65 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 65 23 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 65 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 65 25 researchers researcher NOUN arjefm-91 65 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 66 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 66 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 66 3 the the DET arjefm-91 66 4 study study NOUN arjefm-91 66 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 66 6 restricted restrict VERB arjefm-91 66 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 66 8 listed list VERB arjefm-91 66 9 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 66 10 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 66 11 that that PRON arjefm-91 66 12 are be AUX arjefm-91 66 13 involved involve VERB arjefm-91 66 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 66 15 the the DET arjefm-91 66 16 production production NOUN arjefm-91 66 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 66 18 chemicals chemical NOUN arjefm-91 66 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 66 20 similar similar ADJ arjefm-91 66 21 products product NOUN arjefm-91 66 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 67 1 the the DET arjefm-91 67 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 67 3 covers cover VERB arjefm-91 67 4 the the DET arjefm-91 67 5 period period NOUN arjefm-91 67 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 67 7 six six NUM arjefm-91 67 8 years year NOUN arjefm-91 67 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 67 10 2008 2008 NUM arjefm-91 67 11 - - SYM arjefm-91 67 12 2013 2013 NUM arjefm-91 67 13 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 67 14 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 68 1 2.0 2.0 NUM arjefm-91 68 2 literature literature NOUN arjefm-91 68 3 review review VERB arjefm-91 68 4 2.1 2.1 NUM arjefm-91 68 5 conceptual conceptual ADJ arjefm-91 68 6 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 68 7 although although SCONJ arjefm-91 68 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 68 9 defies defy VERB arjefm-91 68 10 definition definition NOUN arjefm-91 68 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 68 12 scholars scholar NOUN arjefm-91 68 13 defined define VERB arjefm-91 68 14 the the DET arjefm-91 68 15 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 68 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 68 17 relation relation NOUN arjefm-91 68 18 to to ADP arjefm-91 68 19 their their PRON arjefm-91 68 20 understanding understanding NOUN arjefm-91 68 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 68 22 the the DET arjefm-91 68 23 nature nature NOUN arjefm-91 68 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 68 25 the the DET arjefm-91 68 26 social social ADJ arjefm-91 68 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 68 28 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 68 29 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 68 30 involved involve VERB arjefm-91 68 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 69 1 jones jones PROPN arjefm-91 69 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 69 3 1980 1980 NUM arjefm-91 69 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 69 5 defined define VERB arjefm-91 69 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 69 7 as as ADP arjefm-91 69 8 the the DET arjefm-91 69 9 notion notion NOUN arjefm-91 69 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 69 11 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 69 12 have have AUX arjefm-91 69 13 an an DET arjefm-91 69 14 obligation obligation NOUN arjefm-91 69 15 to to PART arjefm-91 69 16 constituent constituent VERB arjefm-91 69 17 groups group NOUN arjefm-91 69 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 69 19 society society NOUN arjefm-91 69 20 other other ADJ arjefm-91 69 21 than than ADP arjefm-91 69 22 stockholders stockholder NOUN arjefm-91 69 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 69 24 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 69 25 the the DET arjefm-91 69 26 law law NOUN arjefm-91 69 27 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 69 28 union union NOUN arjefm-91 69 29 contract contract NOUN arjefm-91 69 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 69 31 indicating indicate VERB arjefm-91 69 32 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 69 33 a a DET arjefm-91 69 34 stake stake NOUN arjefm-91 69 35 may may AUX arjefm-91 69 36 go go VERB arjefm-91 69 37 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 69 38 ownership ownership NOUN arjefm-91 69 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 70 1 according accord VERB arjefm-91 70 2 to to ADP arjefm-91 70 3 frederick frederick PROPN arjefm-91 70 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 70 5 post post NOUN arjefm-91 70 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 70 7 davis davis PROPN arjefm-91 70 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 70 9 1992 1992 NUM arjefm-91 70 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 70 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 70 12 is be AUX arjefm-91 70 13 a a DET arjefm-91 70 14 principle principle NOUN arjefm-91 70 15 stating state VERB arjefm-91 70 16 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 70 17 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 70 18 should should AUX arjefm-91 70 19 be be AUX arjefm-91 70 20 accountable accountable ADJ arjefm-91 70 21 for for ADP arjefm-91 70 22 the the DET arjefm-91 70 23 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 70 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 70 25 any any PRON arjefm-91 70 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 70 27 their their PRON arjefm-91 70 28 actions action NOUN arjefm-91 70 29 on on ADP arjefm-91 70 30 their their PRON arjefm-91 70 31 community community NOUN arjefm-91 70 32 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 70 33 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 70 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 71 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 71 2 view view NOUN arjefm-91 71 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 71 4 reder reder NOUN arjefm-91 71 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 71 6 1994 1994 NUM arjefm-91 71 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 71 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 71 9 csr csr X arjefm-91 71 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 71 11 an an DET arjefm-91 71 12 allencompassing allencompassing NOUN arjefm-91 71 13 notion notion NOUN arjefm-91 71 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 71 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 71 16 refers refer VERB arjefm-91 71 17 to to ADP arjefm-91 71 18 both both DET arjefm-91 71 19 the the DET arjefm-91 71 20 way way NOUN arjefm-91 71 21 a a DET arjefm-91 71 22 company company NOUN arjefm-91 71 23 conducts conduct VERB arjefm-91 71 24 its its PRON arjefm-91 71 25 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 71 26 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 71 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 71 28 including include VERB arjefm-91 71 29 the the DET arjefm-91 71 30 way way NOUN arjefm-91 71 31 it it PRON arjefm-91 71 32 treats treat VERB arjefm-91 71 33 its its PRON arjefm-91 71 34 workforce workforce NOUN arjefm-91 71 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 71 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 71 37 its its PRON arjefm-91 71 38 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 71 39 on on ADP arjefm-91 71 40 the the DET arjefm-91 71 41 world world NOUN arjefm-91 71 42 around around ADP arjefm-91 71 43 it it PRON arjefm-91 71 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 72 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 72 2 hopkins hopkins PROPN arjefm-91 72 3 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 72 4 1998 1998 NUM arjefm-91 72 5 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 72 6 see see VERB arjefm-91 72 7 the the DET arjefm-91 72 8 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 72 9 as as ADP arjefm-91 72 10 concerned concern VERB arjefm-91 72 11 with with ADP arjefm-91 72 12 treating treat VERB arjefm-91 72 13 the the DET arjefm-91 72 14 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 72 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 72 16 the the DET arjefm-91 72 17 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 72 18 ethically ethically ADV arjefm-91 72 19 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 72 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 72 21 a a DET arjefm-91 72 22 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 72 23 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 72 24 manner manner NOUN arjefm-91 72 25 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 73 1 he he PRON arjefm-91 73 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 73 3 explains explain VERB arjefm-91 73 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 73 5 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 73 6 exist exist VERB arjefm-91 73 7 both both CCONJ arjefm-91 73 8 within within ADP arjefm-91 73 9 a a DET arjefm-91 73 10 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 73 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 73 12 outside outside ADV arjefm-91 73 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 73 14 thus thus ADV arjefm-91 73 15 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 73 16 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 73 17 behavior behavior NOUN arjefm-91 73 18 will will AUX arjefm-91 73 19 increase increase VERB arjefm-91 73 20 the the DET arjefm-91 73 21 human human ADJ arjefm-91 73 22 development development NOUN arjefm-91 73 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 73 24 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 73 25 within within ADP arjefm-91 73 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 73 27 outside outside ADP arjefm-91 73 28 the the DET arjefm-91 73 29 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 73 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 74 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 74 2 all all PRON arjefm-91 74 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 74 4 these these DET arjefm-91 74 5 definitions definition NOUN arjefm-91 74 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 74 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 74 8 reflects reflect VERB arjefm-91 74 9 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 74 10 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 74 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 74 12 social social ADJ arjefm-91 74 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 74 14 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 74 15 dimensions dimension NOUN arjefm-91 74 16 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 75 1 woodward woodward PROPN arjefm-91 75 2 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 75 3 clyde clyde PROPN arjefm-91 75 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 75 5 1999 1999 NUM arjefm-91 75 6 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 75 7 defined define VERB arjefm-91 75 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 75 9 as as ADP arjefm-91 75 10 a a DET arjefm-91 75 11 contract contract NOUN arjefm-91 75 12 between between ADP arjefm-91 75 13 society society NOUN arjefm-91 75 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 75 15 business business NOUN arjefm-91 75 16 wherein wherein SCONJ arjefm-91 75 17 a a DET arjefm-91 75 18 community community NOUN arjefm-91 75 19 grants grant VERB arjefm-91 75 20 a a DET arjefm-91 75 21 company company NOUN arjefm-91 75 22 a a DET arjefm-91 75 23 license license NOUN arjefm-91 75 24 to to PART arjefm-91 75 25 operate operate VERB arjefm-91 75 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 75 27 in in ADP arjefm-91 75 28 return return NOUN arjefm-91 75 29 the the DET arjefm-91 75 30 matter matter NOUN arjefm-91 75 31 meets meet VERB arjefm-91 75 32 certain certain ADJ arjefm-91 75 33 obligations obligation NOUN arjefm-91 75 34 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 75 35 behaves behave VERB arjefm-91 75 36 in in ADP arjefm-91 75 37 an an DET arjefm-91 75 38 acceptable acceptable ADJ arjefm-91 75 39 manner manner NOUN arjefm-91 75 40 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 76 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 76 2 the the DET arjefm-91 76 3 same same ADJ arjefm-91 76 4 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 76 5 kilcullen kilcullen ADJ arjefm-91 76 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 76 7 kooistra kooistra ADJ arjefm-91 76 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 76 9 1999 1999 NUM arjefm-91 76 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 76 11 defined define VERB arjefm-91 76 12 the the DET arjefm-91 76 13 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 76 14 as as ADP arjefm-91 76 15 the the DET arjefm-91 76 16 degree degree NOUN arjefm-91 76 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 76 18 moral moral ADJ arjefm-91 76 19 obligations obligation NOUN arjefm-91 76 20 that that PRON arjefm-91 76 21 may may AUX arjefm-91 76 22 be be AUX arjefm-91 76 23 ascribed ascribe VERB arjefm-91 76 24 to to ADP arjefm-91 76 25 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 76 26 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 76 27 simple simple ADJ arjefm-91 76 28 obedience obedience NOUN arjefm-91 76 29 to to ADP arjefm-91 76 30 the the DET arjefm-91 76 31 laws law NOUN arjefm-91 76 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 76 33 the the DET arjefm-91 76 34 state state NOUN arjefm-91 76 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 77 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 77 2 a a DET arjefm-91 77 3 broader broad ADJ arjefm-91 77 4 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 77 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 77 6 the the DET arjefm-91 77 7 world world PROPN arjefm-91 77 8 business business PROPN arjefm-91 77 9 council council PROPN arjefm-91 77 10 for for ADP arjefm-91 77 11 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 77 12 development development NOUN arjefm-91 77 13 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 77 14 1999 1999 NUM arjefm-91 77 15 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 77 16 defined define VERB arjefm-91 77 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 77 18 as as ADP arjefm-91 77 19 the the DET arjefm-91 77 20 commitment commitment NOUN arjefm-91 77 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 77 22 business business NOUN arjefm-91 77 23 to to PART arjefm-91 77 24 contribute contribute VERB arjefm-91 77 25 to to ADP arjefm-91 77 26 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 77 27 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 77 28 development development NOUN arjefm-91 77 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 77 30 working work VERB arjefm-91 77 31 with with ADP arjefm-91 77 32 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 77 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 77 34 their their PRON arjefm-91 77 35 families family NOUN arjefm-91 77 36 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 77 37 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 77 38 the the DET arjefm-91 77 39 local local ADJ arjefm-91 77 40 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 77 41 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 77 42 society society NOUN arjefm-91 77 43 at at ADP arjefm-91 77 44 large large ADJ arjefm-91 77 45 to to PART arjefm-91 77 46 improve improve VERB arjefm-91 77 47 their their PRON arjefm-91 77 48 quality quality NOUN arjefm-91 77 49 of of ADP arjefm-91 77 50 life life NOUN arjefm-91 77 51 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 78 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 78 2 in in ADP arjefm-91 78 3 the the DET arjefm-91 78 4 words word NOUN arjefm-91 78 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 78 6 business business NOUN arjefm-91 78 7 for for ADP arjefm-91 78 8 social social ADJ arjefm-91 78 9 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 78 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 78 11 2000 2000 NUM arjefm-91 78 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 78 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 78 14 means mean NOUN arjefm-91 78 15 operating operate VERB arjefm-91 78 16 a a DET arjefm-91 78 17 business business NOUN arjefm-91 78 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 78 19 a a DET arjefm-91 78 20 manner manner NOUN arjefm-91 78 21 that that PRON arjefm-91 78 22 meets meet VERB arjefm-91 78 23 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 78 24 exceeds exceed VERB arjefm-91 78 25 the the DET arjefm-91 78 26 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 78 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 28 legal legal ADJ arjefm-91 78 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 30 commercial commercial ADJ arjefm-91 78 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 78 32 public public ADJ arjefm-91 78 33 expectations expectation NOUN arjefm-91 78 34 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 78 35 society society NOUN arjefm-91 78 36 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 78 37 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 78 38 american american PROPN arjefm-91 78 39 research research PROPN arjefm-91 78 40 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 78 41 of of ADP arjefm-91 78 42 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 78 43 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 44 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 78 45 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 78 46 management management NOUN arjefm-91 78 47 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 78 48 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 78 49 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 78 50 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 78 51 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 52 october october PROPN arjefm-91 78 53 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 78 54 december december PROPN arjefm-91 78 55 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 78 56 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 78 57 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 78 58 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 78 59 - - SYM arjefm-91 78 60 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 78 61 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 78 62 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 78 63 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 78 64 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 78 65 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 78 66 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 78 67 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 78 68 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 78 69 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 70 email email NOUN arjefm-91 78 71 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 78 72 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 78 73 official official ADJ arjefm-91 78 74 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 78 75 of of ADP arjefm-91 78 76 america america PROPN arjefm-91 78 77 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 78 78 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 78 79 american american PROPN arjefm-91 78 80 research research PROPN arjefm-91 78 81 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 78 82 of of ADP arjefm-91 78 83 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 78 84 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 85 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 78 86 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 78 87 management management NOUN arjefm-91 78 88 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 78 89 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 78 90 email email NOUN arjefm-91 78 91 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 78 92 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 79 1 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 80 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 80 2 p p NOUN arjefm-91 80 3 a a DET arjefm-91 80 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 80 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 80 6 has have VERB arjefm-91 80 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 80 8 business business NOUN arjefm-91 80 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 81 1 it it PRON arjefm-91 81 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 81 3 states state VERB arjefm-91 81 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 81 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 81 6 social social ADJ arjefm-91 81 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 81 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 81 9 a a DET arjefm-91 81 10 guiding guide VERB arjefm-91 81 11 principle principle NOUN arjefm-91 81 12 for for ADP arjefm-91 81 13 every every DET arjefm-91 81 14 decision decision NOUN arjefm-91 81 15 made make VERB arjefm-91 81 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 81 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 81 18 every every DET arjefm-91 81 19 area area NOUN arjefm-91 81 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 81 21 business business NOUN arjefm-91 81 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 82 1 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 82 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 82 3 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 82 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 82 5 csr csr X arjefm-91 82 6 is be AUX arjefm-91 82 7 achieving achieve VERB arjefm-91 82 8 commercial commercial ADJ arjefm-91 82 9 success success NOUN arjefm-91 82 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 82 11 ways way NOUN arjefm-91 82 12 that that PRON arjefm-91 82 13 honour honour VERB arjefm-91 82 14 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 82 15 value value NOUN arjefm-91 82 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 82 17 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 82 18 people people NOUN arjefm-91 82 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 82 20 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 82 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 82 22 the the DET arjefm-91 82 23 natural natural ADJ arjefm-91 82 24 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 82 25 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 83 1 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 83 2 according accord VERB arjefm-91 83 3 to to ADP arjefm-91 83 4 uk uk PROPN arjefm-91 83 5 government government NOUN arjefm-91 83 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 83 7 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 83 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 83 9 refers refer VERB arjefm-91 83 10 to to ADP arjefm-91 83 11 the the DET arjefm-91 83 12 private private ADJ arjefm-91 83 13 sector sector NOUN arjefm-91 83 14 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 83 15 wider wide ADJ arjefm-91 83 16 commercial commercial ADJ arjefm-91 83 17 interests interest NOUN arjefm-91 83 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 83 19 the the DET arjefm-91 83 20 requirement requirement NOUN arjefm-91 83 21 to to PART arjefm-91 83 22 manage manage VERB arjefm-91 83 23 its its PRON arjefm-91 83 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 83 25 on on ADP arjefm-91 83 26 society society NOUN arjefm-91 83 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 83 28 the the DET arjefm-91 83 29 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 83 30 in in ADP arjefm-91 83 31 the the DET arjefm-91 83 32 widest wide ADJ arjefm-91 83 33 sense sense NOUN arjefm-91 83 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 84 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 84 2 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 84 3 to to ADP arjefm-91 84 4 the the DET arjefm-91 84 5 european european PROPN arjefm-91 84 6 commission commission PROPN arjefm-91 84 7 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 84 8 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 84 9 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 84 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 84 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 84 12 whereby whereby SCONJ arjefm-91 84 13 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 84 14 integrate integrate VERB arjefm-91 84 15 social social ADJ arjefm-91 84 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 84 17 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 84 18 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 84 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 84 20 their their PRON arjefm-91 84 21 business business NOUN arjefm-91 84 22 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 84 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 84 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 84 25 in in ADP arjefm-91 84 26 their their PRON arjefm-91 84 27 interaction interaction NOUN arjefm-91 84 28 with with ADP arjefm-91 84 29 their their PRON arjefm-91 84 30 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 84 31 on on ADP arjefm-91 84 32 a a DET arjefm-91 84 33 voluntary voluntary ADJ arjefm-91 84 34 basis basis NOUN arjefm-91 84 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 85 1 from from ADP arjefm-91 85 2 the the DET arjefm-91 85 3 same same ADJ arjefm-91 85 4 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 85 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 85 6 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 85 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 85 8 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 85 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 85 10 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 85 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 85 12 defined define VERB arjefm-91 85 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 85 14 as as ADP arjefm-91 85 15 actions action NOUN arjefm-91 85 16 that that PRON arjefm-91 85 17 appear appear VERB arjefm-91 85 18 to to PART arjefm-91 85 19 further further VERB arjefm-91 85 20 some some DET arjefm-91 85 21 social social ADJ arjefm-91 85 22 good good NOUN arjefm-91 85 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 85 24 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 85 25 the the DET arjefm-91 85 26 interests interest NOUN arjefm-91 85 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 85 28 the the DET arjefm-91 85 29 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 85 30 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 85 31 that that PRON arjefm-91 85 32 which which PRON arjefm-91 85 33 is be AUX arjefm-91 85 34 required require VERB arjefm-91 85 35 by by ADP arjefm-91 85 36 law law NOUN arjefm-91 85 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 86 1 these these DET arjefm-91 86 2 definitions definition NOUN arjefm-91 86 3 reflects reflect VERB arjefm-91 86 4 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 86 5 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 86 6 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 86 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 86 8 see see VERB arjefm-91 86 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 86 10 as as ADP arjefm-91 86 11 voluntary voluntary ADJ arjefm-91 86 12 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 86 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 87 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 87 2 the the DET arjefm-91 87 3 contrary contrary NOUN arjefm-91 87 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 87 5 marsden marsden PROPN arjefm-91 87 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 87 7 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 87 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 87 9 argues argue VERB arjefm-91 87 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 87 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 87 12 is be AUX arjefm-91 87 13 about about ADP arjefm-91 87 14 the the DET arjefm-91 87 15 core core ADJ arjefm-91 87 16 behaviour behaviour NOUN arjefm-91 87 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 87 18 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 87 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 87 20 the the DET arjefm-91 87 21 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 87 22 for for ADP arjefm-91 87 23 their their PRON arjefm-91 87 24 total total ADJ arjefm-91 87 25 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 87 26 on on ADP arjefm-91 87 27 the the DET arjefm-91 87 28 societies society NOUN arjefm-91 87 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 87 30 which which PRON arjefm-91 87 31 they they PRON arjefm-91 87 32 operate operate VERB arjefm-91 87 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 88 1 he he PRON arjefm-91 88 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 88 3 emphasized emphasize VERB arjefm-91 88 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 88 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 88 6 is be AUX arjefm-91 88 7 not not PART arjefm-91 88 8 an an DET arjefm-91 88 9 optional optional ADJ arjefm-91 88 10 add add NOUN arjefm-91 88 11 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 88 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 88 13 nor nor CCONJ arjefm-91 88 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 88 15 it it PRON arjefm-91 88 16 an an DET arjefm-91 88 17 act act NOUN arjefm-91 88 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 88 19 philanthropy philanthropy NOUN arjefm-91 88 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 89 1 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 89 2 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 89 3 a a DET arjefm-91 89 4 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 89 5 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 89 6 business business NOUN arjefm-91 89 7 is be AUX arjefm-91 89 8 one one NUM arjefm-91 89 9 that that PRON arjefm-91 89 10 runs run VERB arjefm-91 89 11 a a DET arjefm-91 89 12 profitable profitable ADJ arjefm-91 89 13 business business NOUN arjefm-91 89 14 that that PRON arjefm-91 89 15 takes take VERB arjefm-91 89 16 account account NOUN arjefm-91 89 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 89 18 the the DET arjefm-91 89 19 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 89 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 89 21 negative negative ADJ arjefm-91 89 22 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 89 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 89 24 social social ADJ arjefm-91 89 25 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 89 26 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 89 27 effects effect NOUN arjefm-91 89 28 it it PRON arjefm-91 89 29 has have VERB arjefm-91 89 30 on on ADP arjefm-91 89 31 society society NOUN arjefm-91 89 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 90 1 lea lea PROPN arjefm-91 90 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 90 3 2002 2002 NUM arjefm-91 90 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 90 5 sees see VERB arjefm-91 90 6 the the DET arjefm-91 90 7 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 90 8 as as ADP arjefm-91 90 9 voluntary voluntary ADJ arjefm-91 90 10 act act NOUN arjefm-91 90 11 whereby whereby SCONJ arjefm-91 90 12 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 90 13 go go VERB arjefm-91 90 14 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 90 15 the the DET arjefm-91 90 16 legal legal ADJ arjefm-91 90 17 obligations obligation NOUN arjefm-91 90 18 to to PART arjefm-91 90 19 manage manage VERB arjefm-91 90 20 the the DET arjefm-91 90 21 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 90 22 they they PRON arjefm-91 90 23 have have VERB arjefm-91 90 24 on on ADP arjefm-91 90 25 the the DET arjefm-91 90 26 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 90 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 90 28 society society NOUN arjefm-91 90 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 91 1 according accord VERB arjefm-91 91 2 to to ADP arjefm-91 91 3 him he PRON arjefm-91 91 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 91 5 the the DET arjefm-91 91 6 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 91 7 covers cover VERB arjefm-91 91 8 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 91 9 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 91 10 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 91 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 91 12 suppliers supplier NOUN arjefm-91 91 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 91 14 customers customer NOUN arjefm-91 91 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 91 16 the the DET arjefm-91 91 17 community community NOUN arjefm-91 91 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 91 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 91 20 the the DET arjefm-91 91 21 extent extent NOUN arjefm-91 91 22 to to PART arjefm-91 91 23 which which PRON arjefm-91 91 24 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 91 25 protect protect VERB arjefm-91 91 26 the the DET arjefm-91 91 27 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 91 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 92 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 92 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 92 3 the the DET arjefm-91 92 4 global global ADJ arjefm-91 92 5 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 92 6 social social ADJ arjefm-91 92 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 92 8 policy policy NOUN arjefm-91 92 9 project project NOUN arjefm-91 92 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 92 11 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 92 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 92 13 sees see VERB arjefm-91 92 14 the the DET arjefm-91 92 15 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 92 16 as as ADP arjefm-91 92 17 global global ADJ arjefm-91 92 18 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 92 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 92 20 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 92 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 92 22 defined define VERB arjefm-91 92 23 it it PRON arjefm-91 92 24 as as ADP arjefm-91 92 25 business business NOUN arjefm-91 92 26 practices practice NOUN arjefm-91 92 27 based base VERB arjefm-91 92 28 on on ADP arjefm-91 92 29 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 92 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 92 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 92 32 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 92 33 for for ADP arjefm-91 92 34 workers worker NOUN arjefm-91 92 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 92 36 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 92 37 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 92 38 the the DET arjefm-91 92 39 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 92 40 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 93 1 van van NOUN arjefm-91 93 2 marrewijk marrewijk PROPN arjefm-91 93 3 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 93 4 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 93 5 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 93 6 refers refer VERB arjefm-91 93 7 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 93 8 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 93 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 93 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 93 11 to to ADP arjefm-91 93 12 company company NOUN arjefm-91 93 13 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 93 14 that that PRON arjefm-91 93 15 include include VERB arjefm-91 93 16 social social ADJ arjefm-91 93 17 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 93 18 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 93 19 concerns concern NOUN arjefm-91 93 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 93 21 business business NOUN arjefm-91 93 22 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 93 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 93 24 interactions interaction NOUN arjefm-91 93 25 with with ADP arjefm-91 93 26 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 93 27 on on ADP arjefm-91 93 28 voluntary voluntary ADJ arjefm-91 93 29 basis basis NOUN arjefm-91 93 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 94 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 94 2 all all DET arjefm-91 94 3 these these DET arjefm-91 94 4 definitions definition NOUN arjefm-91 94 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 94 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 94 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 94 8 there there PRON arjefm-91 94 9 are be VERB arjefm-91 94 10 five five NUM arjefm-91 94 11 definitions definition NOUN arjefm-91 94 12 that that PRON arjefm-91 94 13 are be AUX arjefm-91 94 14 identified identify VERB arjefm-91 94 15 which which PRON arjefm-91 94 16 include include VERB arjefm-91 94 17 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 94 18 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 94 19 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 94 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 94 21 social social ADJ arjefm-91 94 22 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 94 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 94 24 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 94 25 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 94 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 94 27 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 94 28 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 94 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 94 30 voluntariness voluntariness ADJ arjefm-91 94 31 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 94 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 95 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 95 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 95 3 looking look VERB arjefm-91 95 4 at at ADP arjefm-91 95 5 the the DET arjefm-91 95 6 political political ADJ arjefm-91 95 7 agenda agenda NOUN arjefm-91 95 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 95 9 the the DET arjefm-91 95 10 initiative initiative NOUN arjefm-91 95 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 95 12 different different ADJ arjefm-91 95 13 international international ADJ arjefm-91 95 14 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 95 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 95 16 like like ADP arjefm-91 95 17 un un PROPN arjefm-91 95 18 global global ADJ arjefm-91 95 19 compact compact ADJ arjefm-91 95 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 95 21 european european PROPN arjefm-91 95 22 commission commission PROPN arjefm-91 95 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 95 24 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 95 25 assumed assume VERB arjefm-91 95 26 a a DET arjefm-91 95 27 new new ADJ arjefm-91 95 28 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 95 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 96 1 the the DET arjefm-91 96 2 new new ADJ arjefm-91 96 3 dimension dimension NOUN arjefm-91 96 4 is be AUX arjefm-91 96 5 based base VERB arjefm-91 96 6 on on ADP arjefm-91 96 7 the the DET arjefm-91 96 8 challenge challenge NOUN arjefm-91 96 9 brought bring VERB arjefm-91 96 10 about about ADP arjefm-91 96 11 by by ADP arjefm-91 96 12 globalization globalization NOUN arjefm-91 96 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 96 14 internationalization internationalization NOUN arjefm-91 96 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 96 16 business business NOUN arjefm-91 96 17 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 96 18 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 96 19 aaronson aaronson NOUN arjefm-91 96 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 96 21 reeves reeve NOUN arjefm-91 96 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 96 23 2002b 2002b NUM arjefm-91 96 24 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 96 25 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 97 1 a a DET arjefm-91 97 2 review review NOUN arjefm-91 97 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 97 4 literature literature NOUN arjefm-91 97 5 by by ADP arjefm-91 97 6 laura laura PROPN arjefm-91 97 7 et et PROPN arjefm-91 97 8 al al PROPN arjefm-91 97 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 97 10 2008 2008 NUM arjefm-91 97 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 97 12 shows show VERB arjefm-91 97 13 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 97 14 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 97 15 public public ADJ arjefm-91 97 16 policies policy NOUN arjefm-91 97 17 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 97 18 some some DET arjefm-91 97 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 97 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 97 21 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 97 22 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 97 23 are be AUX arjefm-91 97 24 borne bear VERB arjefm-91 97 25 by by ADP arjefm-91 97 26 the the DET arjefm-91 97 27 transnationalization transnationalization NOUN arjefm-91 97 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 97 29 business business NOUN arjefm-91 97 30 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 97 31 in in ADP arjefm-91 97 32 a a DET arjefm-91 97 33 global global ADJ arjefm-91 97 34 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 97 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 98 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 98 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 98 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 98 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 98 5 a a DET arjefm-91 98 6 new new ADJ arjefm-91 98 7 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 98 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 98 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 98 10 emerged emerge VERB arjefm-91 98 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 98 12 that that ADV arjefm-91 98 13 is is ADV arjefm-91 98 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 98 15 csr csr X arjefm-91 98 16 is be AUX arjefm-91 98 17 the the DET arjefm-91 98 18 outcome outcome NOUN arjefm-91 98 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 98 20 global global ADJ arjefm-91 98 21 business business NOUN arjefm-91 98 22 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 98 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 98 24 from from ADP arjefm-91 98 25 which which PRON arjefm-91 98 26 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 98 27 will will AUX arjefm-91 98 28 have have VERB arjefm-91 98 29 to to PART arjefm-91 98 30 take take VERB arjefm-91 98 31 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 98 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 98 33 their their PRON arjefm-91 98 34 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 98 35 on on ADP arjefm-91 98 36 society society NOUN arjefm-91 98 37 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 98 38 zadek zadek PROPN arjefm-91 98 39 et et PROPN arjefm-91 98 40 al al PROPN arjefm-91 98 41 . . PROPN arjefm-91 98 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 98 43 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 98 44 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 98 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 99 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 99 2 this this DET arjefm-91 99 3 regard regard NOUN arjefm-91 99 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 99 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 99 6 covers cover VERB arjefm-91 99 7 all all DET arjefm-91 99 8 social social ADJ arjefm-91 99 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 99 10 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 99 11 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 99 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 99 13 the the DET arjefm-91 99 14 transnationalization transnationalization NOUN arjefm-91 99 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 99 16 business business NOUN arjefm-91 99 17 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 99 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 99 19 which which PRON arjefm-91 99 20 include include VERB arjefm-91 99 21 welfare welfare NOUN arjefm-91 99 22 state state NOUN arjefm-91 99 23 transformation transformation NOUN arjefm-91 99 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 99 25 social social ADJ arjefm-91 99 26 governance governance NOUN arjefm-91 99 27 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 99 28 laura laura NOUN arjefm-91 99 29 et et PROPN arjefm-91 99 30 al al PROPN arjefm-91 99 31 . . PROPN arjefm-91 99 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 99 33 2008 2008 NUM arjefm-91 99 34 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 99 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 100 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 100 2 sum sum NOUN arjefm-91 100 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 100 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 100 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 100 6 all all DET arjefm-91 100 7 dimensions dimension NOUN arjefm-91 100 8 entails entail VERB arjefm-91 100 9 some some DET arjefm-91 100 10 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 100 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 100 12 responsibilities responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 100 13 by by ADP arjefm-91 100 14 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 100 15 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 100 16 that that PRON arjefm-91 100 17 improve improve VERB arjefm-91 100 18 social social ADJ arjefm-91 100 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 100 20 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 100 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 100 22 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 100 23 conditions condition NOUN arjefm-91 100 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 100 25 the the DET arjefm-91 100 26 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 100 27 within within ADP arjefm-91 100 28 which which PRON arjefm-91 100 29 corporation corporation NOUN arjefm-91 100 30 operate operate VERB arjefm-91 100 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 101 1 csr csr X arjefm-91 101 2 according accord VERB arjefm-91 101 3 to to ADP arjefm-91 101 4 reputex reputex NOUN arjefm-91 101 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 101 6 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 101 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 101 8 cited cite VERB arjefm-91 101 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 101 10 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 101 11 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 101 12 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 101 13 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 101 14 has have VERB arjefm-91 101 15 four four NUM arjefm-91 101 16 major major ADJ arjefm-91 101 17 components component NOUN arjefm-91 101 18 that that PRON arjefm-91 101 19 together together ADV arjefm-91 101 20 make make VERB arjefm-91 101 21 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 101 22 to to PART arjefm-91 101 23 be be AUX arjefm-91 101 24 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 101 25 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 101 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 101 27 also also ADV arjefm-91 101 28 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 101 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 101 30 the the DET arjefm-91 101 31 long long ADV arjefm-91 101 32 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 101 33 run run NOUN arjefm-91 101 34 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 101 35 these these PRON arjefm-91 101 36 are be AUX arjefm-91 101 37 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 101 38 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 101 39 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 101 40 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 101 41 social social ADJ arjefm-91 101 42 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 101 43 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 101 44 workplace workplace NOUN arjefm-91 101 45 practice practice NOUN arjefm-91 101 46 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 101 47 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 101 48 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 101 49 governance governance NOUN arjefm-91 101 50 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 102 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 102 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 103 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 103 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 103 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 103 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 103 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 103 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 103 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 103 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 103 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 103 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 103 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 103 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 103 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 103 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 103 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 103 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 103 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 103 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 103 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 103 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 103 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 103 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 103 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 103 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 103 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 103 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 103 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 103 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 103 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 103 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 103 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 103 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 103 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 103 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 104 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 104 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 104 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 104 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 104 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 104 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 104 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 104 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 104 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 104 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 104 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 104 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 104 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 104 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 104 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 104 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 104 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 104 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 104 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 104 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 104 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 105 1 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 105 2 | | ADV arjefm-91 105 3 p p X arjefm-91 105 4 a a DET arjefm-91 105 5 g g NOUN arjefm-91 105 6 e e NOUN arjefm-91 105 7 however however ADV arjefm-91 105 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 105 9 zerk zerk PROPN arjefm-91 105 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 105 11 2006 2006 NUM arjefm-91 105 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 105 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 105 14 triple triple ADJ arjefm-91 105 15 bottom bottom ADJ arjefm-91 105 16 line line NOUN arjefm-91 105 17 quoted quote VERB arjefm-91 105 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 105 19 norman norman PROPN arjefm-91 105 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 105 21 macdonald macdonald PROPN arjefm-91 105 22 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 105 23 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 105 24 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 105 25 argue argue VERB arjefm-91 105 26 in in ADP arjefm-91 105 27 favour favour NOUN arjefm-91 105 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 105 29 this this PRON arjefm-91 105 30 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 105 31 summarized summarize VERB arjefm-91 105 32 the the DET arjefm-91 105 33 components component NOUN arjefm-91 105 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 105 35 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 105 36 with with ADP arjefm-91 105 37 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 105 38 to to ADP arjefm-91 105 39 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 105 40 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 105 41 follows follow VERB arjefm-91 105 42 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 105 43 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 105 44 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 105 45 social social ADJ arjefm-91 105 46 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 105 47 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 105 48 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 105 49 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 106 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 106 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 106 3 for for ADP arjefm-91 106 4 the the DET arjefm-91 106 5 purpose purpose NOUN arjefm-91 106 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 106 7 this this DET arjefm-91 106 8 research research NOUN arjefm-91 106 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 106 10 the the DET arjefm-91 106 11 main main ADJ arjefm-91 106 12 focus focus NOUN arjefm-91 106 13 area area NOUN arjefm-91 106 14 should should AUX arjefm-91 106 15 be be AUX arjefm-91 106 16 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 106 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 106 18 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 106 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 106 20 the the DET arjefm-91 106 21 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 106 22 in in ADP arjefm-91 106 23 the the DET arjefm-91 106 24 context context NOUN arjefm-91 106 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 106 26 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 106 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 106 28 social social ADJ arjefm-91 106 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 106 30 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 106 31 contributions contribution NOUN arjefm-91 106 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 107 1 prior prior ADJ arjefm-91 107 2 researchers researcher NOUN arjefm-91 107 3 have have AUX arjefm-91 107 4 argued argue VERB arjefm-91 107 5 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 107 6 documented document VERB arjefm-91 107 7 a a DET arjefm-91 107 8 substantial substantial ADJ arjefm-91 107 9 literature literature NOUN arjefm-91 107 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 107 11 the the DET arjefm-91 107 12 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 107 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 107 14 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 107 15 engagement engagement NOUN arjefm-91 107 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 107 17 which which PRON arjefm-91 107 18 together together ADV arjefm-91 107 19 contribute contribute VERB arjefm-91 107 20 to to ADP arjefm-91 107 21 better well ADJ arjefm-91 107 22 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 107 23 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 107 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 107 25 the the DET arjefm-91 107 26 long long ADJ arjefm-91 107 27 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 107 28 term term NOUN arjefm-91 107 29 survival survival NOUN arjefm-91 107 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 107 31 a a DET arjefm-91 107 32 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 107 33 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 107 34 demacarthy demacarthy ADJ arjefm-91 107 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 107 36 2009 2009 NUM arjefm-91 107 37 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 107 38 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 108 1 according accord VERB arjefm-91 108 2 to to ADP arjefm-91 108 3 orlitzky orlitzky NOUN arjefm-91 108 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 108 5 schimdt schimdt NOUN arjefm-91 108 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 108 7 rynes ryne NOUN arjefm-91 108 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 108 9 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 108 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 108 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 108 12 is be AUX arjefm-91 108 13 an an DET arjefm-91 108 14 organizational organizational ADJ arjefm-91 108 15 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 108 16 from from ADP arjefm-91 108 17 which which PRON arjefm-91 108 18 both both CCONJ arjefm-91 108 19 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 108 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 108 21 external external ADJ arjefm-91 108 22 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 108 23 can can AUX arjefm-91 108 24 be be AUX arjefm-91 108 25 derived derive VERB arjefm-91 108 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 109 1 the the DET arjefm-91 109 2 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 109 3 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 109 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 109 5 csr csr X arjefm-91 109 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 109 7 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 109 8 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 109 9 are be AUX arjefm-91 109 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 109 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 12 investments investment NOUN arjefm-91 109 13 in in ADP arjefm-91 109 14 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 109 15 assist assist NOUN arjefm-91 109 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 109 17 developing develop VERB arjefm-91 109 18 new new ADJ arjefm-91 109 19 competences competence NOUN arjefm-91 109 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 21 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 109 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 109 24 capabilities capability NOUN arjefm-91 109 25 that that PRON arjefm-91 109 26 would would AUX arjefm-91 109 27 be be AUX arjefm-91 109 28 reflected reflect VERB arjefm-91 109 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 109 30 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 109 31 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 109 32 culture culture NOUN arjefm-91 109 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 34 technology technology NOUN arjefm-91 109 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 36 structure structure NOUN arjefm-91 109 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 38 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 109 39 human human ADJ arjefm-91 109 40 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 109 41 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 109 42 russo russo PROPN arjefm-91 109 43 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 109 44 fouts fouts PROPN arjefm-91 109 45 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 109 46 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 109 47 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 109 48 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 110 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 110 2 addition addition NOUN arjefm-91 110 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 110 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 110 5 assists assist NOUN arjefm-91 110 6 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 110 7 to to PART arjefm-91 110 8 develop develop VERB arjefm-91 110 9 managerial managerial ADJ arjefm-91 110 10 competencies competency NOUN arjefm-91 110 11 even even ADV arjefm-91 110 12 if if SCONJ arjefm-91 110 13 the the DET arjefm-91 110 14 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 110 15 is be AUX arjefm-91 110 16 dynamic dynamic ADJ arjefm-91 110 17 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 110 18 complex complex ADJ arjefm-91 110 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 110 20 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 110 21 defensive defensive ADJ arjefm-91 110 22 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 110 23 necessitate necessitate ADJ arjefm-91 110 24 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 110 25 employee employee NOUN arjefm-91 110 26 involvement involvement NOUN arjefm-91 110 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 110 28 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 110 29 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 110 30 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 110 31 coordination coordination NOUN arjefm-91 110 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 110 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 110 34 a a DET arjefm-91 110 35 forward forward ADV arjefm-91 110 36 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 110 37 thinking think VERB arjefm-91 110 38 managerial managerial ADJ arjefm-91 110 39 style style NOUN arjefm-91 110 40 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 110 41 shrivastava shrivastava NOUN arjefm-91 110 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 110 43 1995 1995 NUM arjefm-91 110 44 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 110 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 111 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 111 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 111 3 csr csr X arjefm-91 111 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 111 5 this this DET arjefm-91 111 6 regard regard NOUN arjefm-91 111 7 assists assist VERB arjefm-91 111 8 management management NOUN arjefm-91 111 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 111 10 developing develop VERB arjefm-91 111 11 proper proper ADJ arjefm-91 111 12 process process NOUN arjefm-91 111 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 111 14 skills skill NOUN arjefm-91 111 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 111 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 111 17 information information NOUN arjefm-91 111 18 system system NOUN arjefm-91 111 19 capable capable ADJ arjefm-91 111 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 111 21 strengthen strengthen VERB arjefm-91 111 22 the the DET arjefm-91 111 23 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 111 24 readiness readiness NOUN arjefm-91 111 25 to to PART arjefm-91 111 26 address address VERB arjefm-91 111 27 external external ADJ arjefm-91 111 28 changes change NOUN arjefm-91 111 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 111 30 crises crisis NOUN arjefm-91 111 31 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 111 32 russo russo PROPN arjefm-91 111 33 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 111 34 fouts fouts PROPN arjefm-91 111 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 111 36 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 111 37 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 111 38 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 112 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 112 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 112 3 under under ADP arjefm-91 112 4 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 112 5 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 112 6 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 112 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 112 8 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 112 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 112 10 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 112 11 competences competence NOUN arjefm-91 112 12 generated generate VERB arjefm-91 112 13 through through ADP arjefm-91 112 14 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 112 15 process process NOUN arjefm-91 112 16 should should AUX arjefm-91 112 17 lead lead VERB arjefm-91 112 18 to to ADP arjefm-91 112 19 efficient efficient ADJ arjefm-91 112 20 utilization utilization NOUN arjefm-91 112 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 112 22 organizational organizational ADJ arjefm-91 112 23 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 112 24 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 112 25 majumdar majumdar PROPN arjefm-91 112 26 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 112 27 marcus marcus PROPN arjefm-91 112 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 112 29 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 112 30 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 112 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 113 1 these these DET arjefm-91 113 2 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 113 3 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 113 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 113 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 113 6 according accord VERB arjefm-91 113 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 113 8 orlitzky orlitzky NOUN arjefm-91 113 9 et et PROPN arjefm-91 113 10 al al PROPN arjefm-91 113 11 . . PROPN arjefm-91 114 1 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 114 2 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 114 3 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 114 4 develop develop VERB arjefm-91 114 5 internal internal ADJ arjefm-91 114 6 capabilities capability NOUN arjefm-91 114 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 114 8 organizational organizational ADJ arjefm-91 114 9 efficiency efficiency NOUN arjefm-91 114 10 irrespective irrespective ADV arjefm-91 114 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 114 12 whether whether SCONJ arjefm-91 114 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 114 14 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 114 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 114 16 practices practice NOUN arjefm-91 114 17 are be AUX arjefm-91 114 18 disclosed disclose VERB arjefm-91 114 19 to to ADP arjefm-91 114 20 outside outside ADJ arjefm-91 114 21 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 114 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 115 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 115 2 the the DET arjefm-91 115 3 other other ADJ arjefm-91 115 4 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 115 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 115 6 a a DET arjefm-91 115 7 major major ADJ arjefm-91 115 8 benefit benefit NOUN arjefm-91 115 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 115 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 115 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 115 12 external external ADJ arjefm-91 115 13 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 115 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 115 15 good good ADJ arjefm-91 115 16 organizational organizational ADJ arjefm-91 115 17 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 115 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 116 1 under under ADP arjefm-91 116 2 this this DET arjefm-91 116 3 view view NOUN arjefm-91 116 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 116 5 communication communication NOUN arjefm-91 116 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 116 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 116 8 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 116 9 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 116 10 by by ADP arjefm-91 116 11 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 116 12 to to ADP arjefm-91 116 13 external external ADJ arjefm-91 116 14 constituents constituent NOUN arjefm-91 116 15 assist assist VERB arjefm-91 116 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 116 17 building build VERB arjefm-91 116 18 a a DET arjefm-91 116 19 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 116 20 image image NOUN arjefm-91 116 21 with with ADP arjefm-91 116 22 customers customer NOUN arjefm-91 116 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 116 24 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 116 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 116 26 bankers banker NOUN arjefm-91 116 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 116 28 suppliers supplier NOUN arjefm-91 116 29 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 116 30 fombrun fombrun PROPN arjefm-91 116 31 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 116 32 shanley shanley PROPN arjefm-91 116 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 116 34 1990 1990 NUM arjefm-91 116 35 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 116 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 117 1 they they PRON arjefm-91 117 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 117 3 state state VERB arjefm-91 117 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 117 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 117 6 disclosure disclosure NOUN arjefm-91 117 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 117 8 high high ADJ arjefm-91 117 9 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 117 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 117 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 117 12 involvement involvement NOUN arjefm-91 117 13 by by ADP arjefm-91 117 14 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 117 15 is be AUX arjefm-91 117 16 an an DET arjefm-91 117 17 informational informational ADJ arjefm-91 117 18 signal signal NOUN arjefm-91 117 19 from from ADP arjefm-91 117 20 which which PRON arjefm-91 117 21 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 117 22 assess assess VERB arjefm-91 117 23 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 117 24 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 117 25 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 117 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 118 1 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 118 2 may may AUX arjefm-91 118 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 118 4 use use VERB arjefm-91 118 5 their their PRON arjefm-91 118 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 118 7 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 118 8 to to PART arjefm-91 118 9 enhance enhance VERB arjefm-91 118 10 their their PRON arjefm-91 118 11 relationships relationship NOUN arjefm-91 118 12 with with ADP arjefm-91 118 13 bankers banker NOUN arjefm-91 118 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 118 15 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 118 16 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 118 17 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 118 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 118 19 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 118 20 facilitates facilitate VERB arjefm-91 118 21 access access NOUN arjefm-91 118 22 to to ADP arjefm-91 118 23 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 118 24 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 118 25 greening greening NOUN arjefm-91 118 26 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 118 27 turban turban PROPN arjefm-91 118 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 118 29 2000 2000 NUM arjefm-91 118 30 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 118 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 119 1 moreover moreover ADV arjefm-91 119 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 119 3 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 119 4 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 119 5 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 119 6 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 119 7 is be AUX arjefm-91 119 8 a a DET arjefm-91 119 9 mechanism mechanism NOUN arjefm-91 119 10 for for ADP arjefm-91 119 11 improving improve VERB arjefm-91 119 12 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 119 13 ’ ’ PART arjefm-91 119 14 goodwill goodwill NOUN arjefm-91 119 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 119 16 which which PRON arjefm-91 119 17 will will AUX arjefm-91 119 18 lead lead VERB arjefm-91 119 19 to to ADP arjefm-91 119 20 an an DET arjefm-91 119 21 increase increase NOUN arjefm-91 119 22 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 119 23 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 119 24 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 119 25 orlitzky orlitzky NOUN arjefm-91 119 26 et et PROPN arjefm-91 119 27 al al PROPN arjefm-91 119 28 . . PROPN arjefm-91 119 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 119 30 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 119 31 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 119 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 120 1 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 120 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 120 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 120 4 considered consider VERB arjefm-91 120 5 beneficial beneficial ADJ arjefm-91 120 6 according accord VERB arjefm-91 120 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 120 8 heal heal NOUN arjefm-91 120 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 120 10 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 120 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 120 12 in in ADP arjefm-91 120 13 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 120 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 120 15 conflicts conflict NOUN arjefm-91 120 16 resolution resolution NOUN arjefm-91 120 17 between between ADP arjefm-91 120 18 corporation corporation NOUN arjefm-91 120 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 120 20 society society NOUN arjefm-91 120 21 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 120 22 since since SCONJ arjefm-91 120 23 most most ADJ arjefm-91 120 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 120 25 the the DET arjefm-91 120 26 conflict conflict NOUN arjefm-91 120 27 between between ADP arjefm-91 120 28 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 120 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 120 30 society society NOUN arjefm-91 120 31 arise arise VERB arjefm-91 120 32 from from ADP arjefm-91 120 33 either either DET arjefm-91 120 34 discrepancy discrepancy NOUN arjefm-91 120 35 between between ADP arjefm-91 120 36 private private ADJ arjefm-91 120 37 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 120 38 social social ADJ arjefm-91 120 39 costs cost NOUN arjefm-91 120 40 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 120 41 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 120 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 120 43 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 120 44 different different ADJ arjefm-91 120 45 perception perception NOUN arjefm-91 120 46 of of ADP arjefm-91 120 47 what what PRON arjefm-91 120 48 is be AUX arjefm-91 120 49 fair fair ADJ arjefm-91 120 50 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 121 1 it it PRON arjefm-91 121 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 121 3 from from ADP arjefm-91 121 4 this this DET arjefm-91 121 5 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 121 6 that that PRON arjefm-91 121 7 heal heal NOUN arjefm-91 121 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 121 9 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 121 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 121 11 asserts assert VERB arjefm-91 121 12 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 121 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 121 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 121 15 mechanism mechanism NOUN arjefm-91 121 16 through through ADP arjefm-91 121 17 which which PRON arjefm-91 121 18 conflicts conflict NOUN arjefm-91 121 19 between between ADP arjefm-91 121 20 business business NOUN arjefm-91 121 21 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 121 22 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 121 23 society society NOUN arjefm-91 121 24 can can AUX arjefm-91 121 25 be be AUX arjefm-91 121 26 resolved resolve VERB arjefm-91 121 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 122 1 by by ADP arjefm-91 122 2 extension extension NOUN arjefm-91 122 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 122 4 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 122 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 122 6 also also ADV arjefm-91 122 7 beneficial beneficial ADJ arjefm-91 122 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 122 9 resolving resolve VERB arjefm-91 122 10 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 122 11 conflicts conflict NOUN arjefm-91 122 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 122 13 that that ADV arjefm-91 122 14 is is ADV arjefm-91 122 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 122 16 through through ADP arjefm-91 122 17 careful careful ADJ arjefm-91 122 18 response response NOUN arjefm-91 122 19 to to ADP arjefm-91 122 20 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 122 21 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 122 22 such such ADJ arjefm-91 122 23 as as ADP arjefm-91 122 24 greenhouse greenhouse NOUN arjefm-91 122 25 emission emission NOUN arjefm-91 122 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 122 27 other other ADJ arjefm-91 122 28 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 122 29 pollution pollution NOUN arjefm-91 122 30 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 122 31 heal heal NOUN arjefm-91 122 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 122 33 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 122 34 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 122 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 123 1 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 123 2 market market NOUN arjefm-91 123 3 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 123 4 is be AUX arjefm-91 123 5 another another DET arjefm-91 123 6 benefit benefit NOUN arjefm-91 123 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 123 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 123 9 involvement involvement NOUN arjefm-91 123 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 123 11 the the DET arjefm-91 123 12 recent recent ADJ arjefm-91 123 13 growth growth NOUN arjefm-91 123 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 123 15 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 123 16 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 123 17 investing investing NOUN arjefm-91 123 18 which which PRON arjefm-91 123 19 is be AUX arjefm-91 123 20 directed direct VERB arjefm-91 123 21 to to ADP arjefm-91 123 22 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 123 23 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 123 24 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 123 25 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 123 26 the the DET arjefm-91 123 27 market market NOUN arjefm-91 123 28 position position NOUN arjefm-91 123 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 123 30 those those DET arjefm-91 123 31 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 123 32 positively positively ADV arjefm-91 123 33 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 123 34 heal heal NOUN arjefm-91 123 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 123 36 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 123 37 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 123 38 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 124 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 125 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 126 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 126 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 126 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 126 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 126 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 126 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 126 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 126 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 126 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 126 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 126 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 126 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 126 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 126 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 126 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 126 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 126 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 126 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 126 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 126 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 126 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 126 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 126 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 126 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 126 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 126 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 126 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 126 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 126 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 126 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 126 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 126 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 126 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 126 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 127 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 127 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 127 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 127 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 127 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 127 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 127 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 127 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 127 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 127 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 127 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 127 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 127 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 127 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 127 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 127 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 127 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 127 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 127 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 127 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 127 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 127 22 7 7 NUM arjefm-91 128 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 128 2 p p X arjefm-91 128 3 a a DET arjefm-91 128 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 128 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 128 6 sprinkle sprinkle NOUN arjefm-91 128 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 128 8 maines maine NOUN arjefm-91 128 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 128 10 2010 2010 NUM arjefm-91 128 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 128 12 see see VERB arjefm-91 128 13 the the DET arjefm-91 128 14 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 128 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 128 16 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 128 17 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 128 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 128 19 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 128 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 128 21 increased increase VERB arjefm-91 128 22 cash cash NOUN arjefm-91 128 23 inflows inflow NOUN arjefm-91 128 24 to to ADP arjefm-91 128 25 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 128 26 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 128 27 reduced reduce VERB arjefm-91 128 28 cash cash NOUN arjefm-91 128 29 outflows outflow NOUN arjefm-91 128 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 129 1 they they PRON arjefm-91 129 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 129 3 lament lament VERB arjefm-91 129 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 129 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 129 6 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 129 7 that that PRON arjefm-91 129 8 involved involve VERB arjefm-91 129 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 129 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 129 11 benefits benefit NOUN arjefm-91 129 12 from from ADP arjefm-91 129 13 tax tax NOUN arjefm-91 129 14 deductions deduction NOUN arjefm-91 129 15 garnered garner VERB arjefm-91 129 16 by by ADP arjefm-91 129 17 cash cash NOUN arjefm-91 129 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 129 19 product product NOUN arjefm-91 129 20 donations donation NOUN arjefm-91 129 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 129 22 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 129 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 129 24 tax tax NOUN arjefm-91 129 25 credits credit NOUN arjefm-91 129 26 are be AUX arjefm-91 129 27 provided provide VERB arjefm-91 129 28 to to ADP arjefm-91 129 29 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 129 30 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 129 31 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 129 32 by by ADP arjefm-91 129 33 local local ADJ arjefm-91 129 34 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 129 35 state state NOUN arjefm-91 129 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 129 37 federal federal ADJ arjefm-91 129 38 agencies agency NOUN arjefm-91 129 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 130 1 these these DET arjefm-91 130 2 tax tax NOUN arjefm-91 130 3 credit credit NOUN arjefm-91 130 4 incentives incentive NOUN arjefm-91 130 5 according accord VERB arjefm-91 130 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 130 7 them they PRON arjefm-91 130 8 come come VERB arjefm-91 130 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 130 10 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 130 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 130 12 sale sale NOUN arjefm-91 130 13 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 130 14 tax tax NOUN arjefm-91 130 15 exemptions exemption NOUN arjefm-91 130 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 130 17 property property NOUN arjefm-91 130 18 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 130 19 tax tax NOUN arjefm-91 130 20 abatements abatement NOUN arjefm-91 130 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 131 1 another another DET arjefm-91 131 2 critical critical ADJ arjefm-91 131 3 benefit benefit NOUN arjefm-91 131 4 that that PRON arjefm-91 131 5 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 131 6 drive drive VERB arjefm-91 131 7 from from ADP arjefm-91 131 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 131 9 engagement engagement NOUN arjefm-91 131 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 131 11 free free ADJ arjefm-91 131 12 advertising advertising NOUN arjefm-91 131 13 as as ADP arjefm-91 131 14 a a DET arjefm-91 131 15 result result NOUN arjefm-91 131 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 131 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 131 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 19 that that ADV arjefm-91 131 20 is is ADV arjefm-91 131 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 22 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 131 23 that that PRON arjefm-91 131 24 do do AUX arjefm-91 131 25 involve involve VERB arjefm-91 131 26 in in ADP arjefm-91 131 27 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 131 28 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 131 29 receive receive VERB arjefm-91 131 30 coverage coverage NOUN arjefm-91 131 31 on on ADP arjefm-91 131 32 local local ADJ arjefm-91 131 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 34 national national ADJ arjefm-91 131 35 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 131 36 international international ADJ arjefm-91 131 37 radio radio NOUN arjefm-91 131 38 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 131 39 television television NOUN arjefm-91 131 40 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 41 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 131 42 be be AUX arjefm-91 131 43 the the DET arjefm-91 131 44 subject subject NOUN arjefm-91 131 45 of of ADP arjefm-91 131 46 articles article NOUN arjefm-91 131 47 in in ADP arjefm-91 131 48 newspapers newspaper NOUN arjefm-91 131 49 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 50 trade trade NOUN arjefm-91 131 51 journals journal NOUN arjefm-91 131 52 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 53 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 131 54 magazines magazine NOUN arjefm-91 131 55 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 131 56 sprinkle sprinkle PROPN arjefm-91 131 57 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 131 58 maines maine NOUN arjefm-91 131 59 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 131 60 2010 2010 NUM arjefm-91 131 61 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 131 62 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 132 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 132 2 should should AUX arjefm-91 132 3 save save VERB arjefm-91 132 4 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 132 5 from from ADP arjefm-91 132 6 investing invest VERB arjefm-91 132 7 a a DET arjefm-91 132 8 huge huge ADJ arjefm-91 132 9 amount amount NOUN arjefm-91 132 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 132 11 money money NOUN arjefm-91 132 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 132 13 advertising advertising NOUN arjefm-91 132 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 132 15 promotional promotional ADJ arjefm-91 132 16 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 132 17 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 133 1 2.2 2.2 NUM arjefm-91 133 2 review review NOUN arjefm-91 133 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 133 4 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 133 5 theories theory NOUN arjefm-91 133 6 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 133 7 view view NOUN arjefm-91 133 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 133 9 business business NOUN arjefm-91 133 10 entity entity NOUN arjefm-91 133 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 133 12 its its PRON arjefm-91 133 13 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 133 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 133 15 society society NOUN arjefm-91 133 16 was be AUX arjefm-91 133 17 founded found VERB arjefm-91 133 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 133 19 the the DET arjefm-91 133 20 1976 1976 NUM arjefm-91 133 21 nobel nobel PROPN arjefm-91 133 22 memorial memorial PROPN arjefm-91 133 23 prize prize NOUN arjefm-91 133 24 recipient recipient NOUN arjefm-91 133 25 for for ADP arjefm-91 133 26 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 133 27 science science NOUN arjefm-91 133 28 ‘ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 133 29 friedman friedman NOUN arjefm-91 133 30 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 133 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 134 1 under under ADP arjefm-91 134 2 this this DET arjefm-91 134 3 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 134 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 134 5 managers manager NOUN arjefm-91 134 6 after after ADP arjefm-91 134 7 meeting meet VERB arjefm-91 134 8 the the DET arjefm-91 134 9 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 134 10 needs need NOUN arjefm-91 134 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 134 12 the the DET arjefm-91 134 13 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 134 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 134 15 they they PRON arjefm-91 134 16 then then ADV arjefm-91 134 17 need need VERB arjefm-91 134 18 to to PART arjefm-91 134 19 be be AUX arjefm-91 134 20 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 134 21 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 134 22 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 134 23 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 134 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 134 25 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 134 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 134 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 135 1 according accord VERB arjefm-91 135 2 to to ADP arjefm-91 135 3 him he PRON arjefm-91 135 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 135 5 this this PRON arjefm-91 135 6 can can AUX arjefm-91 135 7 be be AUX arjefm-91 135 8 realized realize VERB arjefm-91 135 9 through through ADP arjefm-91 135 10 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 135 11 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 135 12 governance governance NOUN arjefm-91 135 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 135 14 workplace workplace NOUN arjefm-91 135 15 practices practice NOUN arjefm-91 135 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 135 17 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 135 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 135 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 135 20 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 135 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 135 22 conforming conforming NOUN arjefm-91 135 23 to to ADP arjefm-91 135 24 society society NOUN arjefm-91 135 25 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 135 26 expectations expectation NOUN arjefm-91 135 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 135 28 ethical ethical ADJ arjefm-91 135 29 values value NOUN arjefm-91 135 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 136 1 this this DET arjefm-91 136 2 idea idea NOUN arjefm-91 136 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 136 4 using use VERB arjefm-91 136 5 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 136 6 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 136 7 fund fund NOUN arjefm-91 136 8 to to PART arjefm-91 136 9 engage engage VERB arjefm-91 136 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 136 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 136 12 was be AUX arjefm-91 136 13 criticized criticize VERB arjefm-91 136 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 136 15 gelb gelb NOUN arjefm-91 136 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 136 17 stawser stawser NOUN arjefm-91 136 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 136 19 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 136 20 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 136 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 137 1 friedman friedman PROPN arjefm-91 137 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 137 3 1970 1970 NUM arjefm-91 137 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 137 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 137 6 states state VERB arjefm-91 137 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 137 8 the the DET arjefm-91 137 9 business business NOUN arjefm-91 137 10 entity entity NOUN arjefm-91 137 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 137 12 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 137 13 only only ADV arjefm-91 137 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 137 15 its its PRON arjefm-91 137 16 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 137 17 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 137 18 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 137 19 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 137 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 137 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 137 22 its its PRON arjefm-91 137 23 social social ADJ arjefm-91 137 24 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 137 25 is be AUX arjefm-91 137 26 to to PART arjefm-91 137 27 maximize maximize VERB arjefm-91 137 28 the the DET arjefm-91 137 29 value value NOUN arjefm-91 137 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 137 31 the the DET arjefm-91 137 32 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 137 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 138 1 he he PRON arjefm-91 138 2 further far ADV arjefm-91 138 3 stressed stress VERB arjefm-91 138 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 138 5 engaging engage VERB arjefm-91 138 6 in in ADP arjefm-91 138 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 138 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 138 9 a a DET arjefm-91 138 10 sign sign NOUN arjefm-91 138 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 138 12 an an DET arjefm-91 138 13 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 138 14 problem problem NOUN arjefm-91 138 15 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 138 16 a a DET arjefm-91 138 17 conflict conflict NOUN arjefm-91 138 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 138 19 interest interest NOUN arjefm-91 138 20 between between ADP arjefm-91 138 21 the the DET arjefm-91 138 22 agents agent NOUN arjefm-91 138 23 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 138 24 managers manager NOUN arjefm-91 138 25 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 138 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 138 27 the the DET arjefm-91 138 28 principal principal NOUN arjefm-91 138 29 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 138 30 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 138 31 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 138 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 139 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 139 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 139 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 139 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 139 5 he he PRON arjefm-91 139 6 concludes conclude VERB arjefm-91 139 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 139 8 managers manager NOUN arjefm-91 139 9 use use VERB arjefm-91 139 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 139 11 as as ADP arjefm-91 139 12 a a DET arjefm-91 139 13 means means NOUN arjefm-91 139 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 139 15 promoting promote VERB arjefm-91 139 16 their their PRON arjefm-91 139 17 own own ADJ arjefm-91 139 18 social social ADJ arjefm-91 139 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 139 20 political political ADJ arjefm-91 139 21 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 139 22 career career NOUN arjefm-91 139 23 agenda agenda NOUN arjefm-91 139 24 at at ADP arjefm-91 139 25 the the DET arjefm-91 139 26 expense expense NOUN arjefm-91 139 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 139 28 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 139 29 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 139 30 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 139 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 139 32 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 139 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 139 34 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 139 35 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 139 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 140 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 140 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 140 3 the the DET arjefm-91 140 4 emergence emergence NOUN arjefm-91 140 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 140 6 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 140 7 social social ADJ arjefm-91 140 8 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 140 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 140 10 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 140 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 140 12 view view NOUN arjefm-91 140 13 in in ADP arjefm-91 140 14 the the DET arjefm-91 140 15 early early ADJ arjefm-91 140 16 1980s 1980 NOUN arjefm-91 140 17 accounted account VERB arjefm-91 140 18 for for ADP arjefm-91 140 19 the the DET arjefm-91 140 20 shift shift NOUN arjefm-91 140 21 from from ADP arjefm-91 140 22 the the DET arjefm-91 140 23 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 140 24 view view NOUN arjefm-91 140 25 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 140 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 141 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 141 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 141 3 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 141 4 view view NOUN arjefm-91 141 5 came come VERB arjefm-91 141 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 141 7 light light NOUN arjefm-91 141 8 from from ADP arjefm-91 141 9 the the DET arjefm-91 141 10 researches research NOUN arjefm-91 141 11 by by ADP arjefm-91 141 12 preston preston PROPN arjefm-91 141 13 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 141 14 1978 1978 NUM arjefm-91 141 15 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 141 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 141 17 carroll carroll PROPN arjefm-91 141 18 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 141 19 1979 1979 NUM arjefm-91 141 20 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 141 21 whose whose DET arjefm-91 141 22 study study NOUN arjefm-91 141 23 documented document VERB arjefm-91 141 24 a a DET arjefm-91 141 25 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 141 26 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 141 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 142 1 using use VERB arjefm-91 142 2 the the DET arjefm-91 142 3 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 142 4 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 142 5 waddock waddock NOUN arjefm-91 142 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 142 7 graves grave NOUN arjefm-91 142 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 142 9 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 142 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 142 11 tested test VERB arjefm-91 142 12 the the DET arjefm-91 142 13 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 142 14 model model NOUN arjefm-91 142 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 142 16 found find VERB arjefm-91 142 17 a a DET arjefm-91 142 18 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 142 19 association association NOUN arjefm-91 142 20 between between ADP arjefm-91 142 21 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 142 22 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 142 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 142 24 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 142 25 . . PROPN arjefm-91 143 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 143 2 has have AUX arjefm-91 143 3 addressed address VERB arjefm-91 143 4 the the DET arjefm-91 143 5 silent silent ADJ arjefm-91 143 6 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 143 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 143 8 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 143 9 view view NOUN arjefm-91 143 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 143 11 where where SCONJ arjefm-91 143 12 the the DET arjefm-91 143 13 contention contention NOUN arjefm-91 143 14 remains remain VERB arjefm-91 143 15 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 143 16 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 143 17 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 143 18 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 143 19 are be AUX arjefm-91 143 20 utilized utilize VERB arjefm-91 143 21 in in ADP arjefm-91 143 22 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 143 23 without without ADP arjefm-91 143 24 any any DET arjefm-91 143 25 benefit benefit NOUN arjefm-91 143 26 from from ADP arjefm-91 143 27 such such ADJ arjefm-91 143 28 action action NOUN arjefm-91 143 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 144 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 144 2 another another DET arjefm-91 144 3 empirical empirical ADJ arjefm-91 144 4 work work NOUN arjefm-91 144 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 144 6 pava pava NOUN arjefm-91 144 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 144 8 krausz krausz PROPN arjefm-91 144 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 144 10 1996 1996 NUM arjefm-91 144 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 144 12 which which PRON arjefm-91 144 13 disproved disprove VERB arjefm-91 144 14 the the DET arjefm-91 144 15 notion notion NOUN arjefm-91 144 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 144 17 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 144 18 view view VERB arjefm-91 144 19 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 144 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 144 21 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 144 22 would would AUX arjefm-91 144 23 lead lead VERB arjefm-91 144 24 to to ADP arjefm-91 144 25 reduced reduced ADJ arjefm-91 144 26 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 144 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 144 28 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 144 29 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 144 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 144 31 they they PRON arjefm-91 144 32 found find VERB arjefm-91 144 33 opposite opposite ADJ arjefm-91 144 34 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 144 35 conclude conclude VERB arjefm-91 144 36 that that PRON arjefm-91 144 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 144 38 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 144 39 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 144 40 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 144 41 performed perform VERB arjefm-91 144 42 as as ADV arjefm-91 144 43 well well ADV arjefm-91 144 44 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 144 45 better well ADJ arjefm-91 144 46 than than ADP arjefm-91 144 47 their their PRON arjefm-91 144 48 counterparts counterpart NOUN arjefm-91 144 49 that that PRON arjefm-91 144 50 do do AUX arjefm-91 144 51 not not PART arjefm-91 144 52 engaged engage VERB arjefm-91 144 53 in in ADP arjefm-91 144 54 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 144 55 . . PROPN arjefm-91 144 56 one one NUM arjefm-91 144 57 of of ADP arjefm-91 144 58 the the DET arjefm-91 144 59 strength strength NOUN arjefm-91 144 60 of of ADP arjefm-91 144 61 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 144 62 view view NOUN arjefm-91 144 63 is be AUX arjefm-91 144 64 the the DET arjefm-91 144 65 philosophy philosophy NOUN arjefm-91 144 66 of of ADP arjefm-91 144 67 social social ADJ arjefm-91 144 68 responsiveness responsiveness NOUN arjefm-91 144 69 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 144 70 social social ADJ arjefm-91 144 71 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 144 72 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 144 73 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 144 74 responsibilities responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 144 75 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 144 76 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 144 77 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 144 78 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 144 79 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 144 80 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 145 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 145 2 the the DET arjefm-91 145 3 other other ADJ arjefm-91 145 4 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 145 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 145 6 resource resource NOUN arjefm-91 145 7 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 145 8 based base VERB arjefm-91 145 9 view view NOUN arjefm-91 145 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 145 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 145 12 similar similar ADJ arjefm-91 145 13 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 145 14 with with ADP arjefm-91 145 15 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 145 16 view view NOUN arjefm-91 145 17 with with ADP arjefm-91 145 18 the the DET arjefm-91 145 19 addition addition NOUN arjefm-91 145 20 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 145 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 145 22 csp csp PROPN arjefm-91 145 23 not not PART arjefm-91 145 24 only only ADV arjefm-91 145 25 increases increase VERB arjefm-91 145 26 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 145 27 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 145 28 but but CCONJ arjefm-91 145 29 it it PRON arjefm-91 145 30 also also ADV arjefm-91 145 31 adds add VERB arjefm-91 145 32 a a DET arjefm-91 145 33 competitive competitive ADJ arjefm-91 145 34 advantage advantage NOUN arjefm-91 145 35 to to ADP arjefm-91 145 36 the the DET arjefm-91 145 37 organizations organization NOUN arjefm-91 145 38 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 145 39 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 145 40 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 145 41 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 145 42 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 145 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 146 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 146 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 146 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 146 4 committing commit VERB arjefm-91 146 5 resources resource NOUN arjefm-91 146 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 146 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 146 8 could could AUX arjefm-91 146 9 improve improve VERB arjefm-91 146 10 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 146 11 position position NOUN arjefm-91 146 12 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 146 13 the the DET arjefm-91 146 14 competitive competitive ADJ arjefm-91 146 15 advantage advantage NOUN arjefm-91 146 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 146 17 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 146 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 147 1 supply supply NOUN arjefm-91 147 2 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 147 3 demand demand NOUN arjefm-91 147 4 view view NOUN arjefm-91 147 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 147 6 credited credit VERB arjefm-91 147 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 147 8 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 147 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 147 10 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 147 11 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 147 12 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 147 13 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 147 14 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 148 1 the the DET arjefm-91 148 2 proposed propose VERB arjefm-91 148 3 a a DET arjefm-91 148 4 supply supply NOUN arjefm-91 148 5 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 148 6 demand demand NOUN arjefm-91 148 7 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 148 8 which which PRON arjefm-91 148 9 entails entail VERB arjefm-91 148 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 148 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 148 12 there there PRON arjefm-91 148 13 is be VERB arjefm-91 148 14 a a DET arjefm-91 148 15 level level NOUN arjefm-91 148 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 148 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 148 18 investment investment NOUN arjefm-91 148 19 that that PRON arjefm-91 148 20 maximizes maximize VERB arjefm-91 148 21 profit profit NOUN arjefm-91 148 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 148 23 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 148 24 satisfying satisfy VERB arjefm-91 148 25 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 148 26 demand demand NOUN arjefm-91 148 27 is be AUX arjefm-91 148 28 seen see VERB arjefm-91 148 29 as as ADP arjefm-91 148 30 important important ADJ arjefm-91 148 31 to to PART arjefm-91 148 32 maximize maximize VERB arjefm-91 148 33 profits profit NOUN arjefm-91 148 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 149 1 this this DET arjefm-91 149 2 supply supply NOUN arjefm-91 149 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 149 4 demand demand NOUN arjefm-91 149 5 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 149 6 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 149 7 american american PROPN arjefm-91 149 8 research research PROPN arjefm-91 149 9 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 149 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 149 11 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 149 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 149 13 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 149 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 149 15 management management NOUN arjefm-91 149 16 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 149 17 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 149 18 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 149 19 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 149 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 149 21 october october PROPN arjefm-91 149 22 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 149 23 december december PROPN arjefm-91 149 24 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 149 25 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 149 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 149 27 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 149 28 - - SYM arjefm-91 149 29 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 149 30 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 149 31 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 149 32 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 149 33 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 149 34 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 149 35 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 149 36 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 149 37 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 149 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 149 39 email email NOUN arjefm-91 149 40 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 149 41 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 149 42 official official ADJ arjefm-91 149 43 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 149 44 of of ADP arjefm-91 149 45 america america PROPN arjefm-91 149 46 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 149 47 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 149 48 american american PROPN arjefm-91 149 49 research research PROPN arjefm-91 149 50 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 149 51 of of ADP arjefm-91 149 52 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 149 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 149 54 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 149 55 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 149 56 management management NOUN arjefm-91 149 57 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 149 58 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 149 59 email email NOUN arjefm-91 149 60 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 149 61 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 149 62 8 8 NUM arjefm-91 150 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 150 2 p p X arjefm-91 150 3 a a DET arjefm-91 150 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 150 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 150 6 theory theory NOUN arjefm-91 150 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 150 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 150 9 places place NOUN arjefm-91 150 10 the the DET arjefm-91 150 11 emphasis emphasis NOUN arjefm-91 150 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 150 13 the the DET arjefm-91 150 14 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 150 15 as as ADP arjefm-91 150 16 the the DET arjefm-91 150 17 primary primary ADJ arjefm-91 150 18 focus focus NOUN arjefm-91 150 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 150 20 all all DET arjefm-91 150 21 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 150 22 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 150 23 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 150 24 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 150 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 150 26 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 150 27 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 150 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 151 1 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 151 2 according accord VERB arjefm-91 151 3 to to ADP arjefm-91 151 4 freeman freeman PROPN arjefm-91 151 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 151 6 1984:46 1984:46 NUM arjefm-91 151 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 151 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 151 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 151 10 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 151 11 … … PUNCT arjefm-91 151 12 any any DET arjefm-91 151 13 group group NOUN arjefm-91 151 14 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 151 15 individual individual NOUN arjefm-91 151 16 who who PRON arjefm-91 151 17 can can AUX arjefm-91 151 18 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 151 19 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 151 20 is be AUX arjefm-91 151 21 affected affect VERB arjefm-91 151 22 by by ADP arjefm-91 151 23 the the DET arjefm-91 151 24 achievements achievement NOUN arjefm-91 151 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 151 26 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 151 27 objectives objective NOUN arjefm-91 151 28 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 151 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 152 1 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 152 2 theory theory NOUN arjefm-91 152 3 is be AUX arjefm-91 152 4 built build VERB arjefm-91 152 5 on on ADP arjefm-91 152 6 the the DET arjefm-91 152 7 notion notion NOUN arjefm-91 152 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 152 9 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 152 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 152 11 not not PART arjefm-91 152 12 only only ADV arjefm-91 152 13 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 152 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 152 15 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 152 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 152 17 but but CCONJ arjefm-91 152 18 other other ADJ arjefm-91 152 19 constituents constituent NOUN arjefm-91 152 20 including include VERB arjefm-91 152 21 the the DET arjefm-91 152 22 society society NOUN arjefm-91 152 23 who who PRON arjefm-91 152 24 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 152 25 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 152 26 are be AUX arjefm-91 152 27 affected affect VERB arjefm-91 152 28 by by ADP arjefm-91 152 29 the the DET arjefm-91 152 30 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 152 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 152 32 the the DET arjefm-91 152 33 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 152 34 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 152 35 post post NOUN arjefm-91 152 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 152 37 preston preston PROPN arjefm-91 152 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 152 39 2002 2002 NUM arjefm-91 152 40 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 152 41 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 153 1 freeman freeman PROPN arjefm-91 153 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 153 3 1984 1984 NUM arjefm-91 153 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 153 5 further further ADJ arjefm-91 153 6 laments lament NOUN arjefm-91 153 7 that that PRON arjefm-91 153 8 adequate adequate ADJ arjefm-91 153 9 attention attention NOUN arjefm-91 153 10 to to ADP arjefm-91 153 11 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 153 12 interest interest NOUN arjefm-91 153 13 is be AUX arjefm-91 153 14 critical critical ADJ arjefm-91 153 15 to to ADP arjefm-91 153 16 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 153 17 success success NOUN arjefm-91 153 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 153 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 153 20 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 153 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 153 22 management management NOUN arjefm-91 153 23 must must AUX arjefm-91 153 24 pursue pursue VERB arjefm-91 153 25 actions action NOUN arjefm-91 153 26 that that PRON arjefm-91 153 27 are be AUX arjefm-91 153 28 optimal optimal ADJ arjefm-91 153 29 for for ADP arjefm-91 153 30 a a DET arjefm-91 153 31 general general ADJ arjefm-91 153 32 class class NOUN arjefm-91 153 33 of of ADP arjefm-91 153 34 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 153 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 153 36 rather rather ADV arjefm-91 153 37 than than ADP arjefm-91 153 38 serving serve VERB arjefm-91 153 39 to to PART arjefm-91 153 40 maximize maximize VERB arjefm-91 153 41 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 153 42 interest interest NOUN arjefm-91 153 43 alone alone ADV arjefm-91 153 44 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 153 45 gelb gelb NOUN arjefm-91 153 46 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 153 47 stawser stawser NOUN arjefm-91 153 48 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 153 49 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 153 50 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 153 51 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 154 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 154 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 154 3 recently recently ADV arjefm-91 154 4 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 154 5 have have AUX arjefm-91 154 6 changed change VERB arjefm-91 154 7 their their PRON arjefm-91 154 8 attitudes attitude NOUN arjefm-91 154 9 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 154 10 by by ADP arjefm-91 154 11 rejecting reject VERB arjefm-91 154 12 agency agency NOUN arjefm-91 154 13 view view NOUN arjefm-91 154 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 154 15 adoptingstakeholders adoptingstakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 154 16 view view VERB arjefm-91 154 17 by by ADP arjefm-91 154 18 integrating integrate VERB arjefm-91 154 19 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 154 20 concept concept NOUN arjefm-91 154 21 in in ADP arjefm-91 154 22 their their PRON arjefm-91 154 23 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 154 24 strategies strategy NOUN arjefm-91 154 25 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 154 26 mc mc PROPN arjefm-91 154 27 williams williams PROPN arjefm-91 154 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 154 29 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 154 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 154 31 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 154 32 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 154 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 155 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 155 2 this this DET arjefm-91 155 3 direction direction NOUN arjefm-91 155 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 155 5 the the DET arjefm-91 155 6 proponents proponent NOUN arjefm-91 155 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 155 8 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 155 9 view view NOUN arjefm-91 155 10 assert assert VERB arjefm-91 155 11 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 155 12 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 155 13 will will AUX arjefm-91 155 14 lead lead VERB arjefm-91 155 15 to to ADP arjefm-91 155 16 the the DET arjefm-91 155 17 improved improved ADJ arjefm-91 155 18 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 155 19 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 155 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 155 21 competative competative ADJ arjefm-91 155 22 advantage advantage NOUN arjefm-91 155 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 155 24 as as ADV arjefm-91 155 25 well well ADV arjefm-91 155 26 as as ADP arjefm-91 155 27 long long ADJ arjefm-91 155 28 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 155 29 term term NOUN arjefm-91 155 30 success success NOUN arjefm-91 155 31 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 155 32 pava pava NOUN arjefm-91 155 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 155 34 krausz krausz NOUN arjefm-91 155 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 155 36 1996 1996 NUM arjefm-91 155 37 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 155 38 russio russio PROPN arjefm-91 155 39 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 155 40 fouts fout NOUN arjefm-91 155 41 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 155 42 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 155 43 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 155 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 156 1 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 156 2 in in ADP arjefm-91 156 3 the the DET arjefm-91 156 4 context context NOUN arjefm-91 156 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 156 6 csr csr X arjefm-91 156 7 are be AUX arjefm-91 156 8 classified classify VERB arjefm-91 156 9 into into ADP arjefm-91 156 10 two two NUM arjefm-91 156 11 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 156 12 that that PRON arjefm-91 156 13 is is ADV arjefm-91 156 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 156 15 primary primary ADJ arjefm-91 156 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 156 17 secondary secondary ADJ arjefm-91 156 18 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 156 19 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 156 20 clackson clackson PROPN arjefm-91 156 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 156 22 1995 1995 NUM arjefm-91 156 23 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 156 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 157 1 wood wood NOUN arjefm-91 157 2 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 157 3 jones jones PROPN arjefm-91 157 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 157 5 1995 1995 NUM arjefm-91 157 6 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 157 7 see see VERB arjefm-91 157 8 primary primary ADJ arjefm-91 157 9 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 157 10 as as ADP arjefm-91 157 11 those those DET arjefm-91 157 12 groups group NOUN arjefm-91 157 13 that that PRON arjefm-91 157 14 the the DET arjefm-91 157 15 corporation corporation NOUN arjefm-91 157 16 depends depend VERB arjefm-91 157 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 157 18 for for ADP arjefm-91 157 19 its its PRON arjefm-91 157 20 survival survival NOUN arjefm-91 157 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 158 1 primary primary ADJ arjefm-91 158 2 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 158 3 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 158 4 include include VERB arjefm-91 158 5 the the DET arjefm-91 158 6 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 158 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 158 8 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 158 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 158 10 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 158 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 158 12 customers customer NOUN arjefm-91 158 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 158 14 government government NOUN arjefm-91 158 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 158 16 the the DET arjefm-91 158 17 local local ADJ arjefm-91 158 18 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 158 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 159 1 secondary secondary ADJ arjefm-91 159 2 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 159 3 on on ADP arjefm-91 159 4 the the DET arjefm-91 159 5 other other ADJ arjefm-91 159 6 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 159 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 159 8 are be AUX arjefm-91 159 9 those those DET arjefm-91 159 10 constituents constituent NOUN arjefm-91 159 11 that that PRON arjefm-91 159 12 do do AUX arjefm-91 159 13 not not PART arjefm-91 159 14 engage engage VERB arjefm-91 159 15 in in ADP arjefm-91 159 16 any any DET arjefm-91 159 17 form form NOUN arjefm-91 159 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 159 19 transactions transaction NOUN arjefm-91 159 20 with with ADP arjefm-91 159 21 the the DET arjefm-91 159 22 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 159 23 but but CCONJ arjefm-91 159 24 influence influence NOUN arjefm-91 159 25 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 159 26 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 159 27 the the DET arjefm-91 159 28 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 159 29 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 159 30 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 159 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 160 1 this this DET arjefm-91 160 2 form form NOUN arjefm-91 160 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 160 4 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 160 5 refers refer VERB arjefm-91 160 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 160 7 the the DET arjefm-91 160 8 natural natural ADJ arjefm-91 160 9 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 160 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 160 11 could could AUX arjefm-91 160 12 be be AUX arjefm-91 160 13 extended extend VERB arjefm-91 160 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 160 15 future future ADJ arjefm-91 160 16 generation generation NOUN arjefm-91 160 17 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 160 18 jensen jensen PROPN arjefm-91 160 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 160 20 2002 2002 NUM arjefm-91 160 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 160 22 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 160 23 capron capron NOUN arjefm-91 160 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 160 25 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 160 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 160 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 161 1 considering consider VERB arjefm-91 161 2 the the DET arjefm-91 161 3 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 161 4 as as ADP arjefm-91 161 5 an an DET arjefm-91 161 6 integral integral ADJ arjefm-91 161 7 part part NOUN arjefm-91 161 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 161 9 a a DET arjefm-91 161 10 business business NOUN arjefm-91 161 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 161 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 161 13 the the DET arjefm-91 161 14 premise premise NOUN arjefm-91 161 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 161 16 three three NUM arjefm-91 161 17 major major ADJ arjefm-91 161 18 roles role NOUN arjefm-91 161 19 they they PRON arjefm-91 161 20 play play VERB arjefm-91 161 21 within within ADP arjefm-91 161 22 the the DET arjefm-91 161 23 business business NOUN arjefm-91 161 24 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 161 25 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 161 26 wood wood NOUN arjefm-91 161 27 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 161 28 jones jones PROPN arjefm-91 161 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 161 30 1995a 1995a NUM arjefm-91 161 31 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 161 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 162 1 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 162 2 are be AUX arjefm-91 162 3 the the DET arjefm-91 162 4 basis basis NOUN arjefm-91 162 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 162 6 measuring measure VERB arjefm-91 162 7 what what PRON arjefm-91 162 8 comprise comprise VERB arjefm-91 162 9 desirable desirable ADJ arjefm-91 162 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 162 11 undesirable undesirable ADJ arjefm-91 162 12 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 162 13 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 162 14 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 162 15 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 163 1 secondly secondly ADV arjefm-91 163 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 163 3 they they PRON arjefm-91 163 4 define define VERB arjefm-91 163 5 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 163 6 norms norm NOUN arjefm-91 163 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 163 8 social social ADJ arjefm-91 163 9 behaviour behaviour NOUN arjefm-91 163 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 163 11 lastly lastly ADV arjefm-91 163 12 they they PRON arjefm-91 163 13 evaluate evaluate VERB arjefm-91 163 14 the the DET arjefm-91 163 15 outcomes outcome NOUN arjefm-91 163 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 163 17 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 163 18 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 163 19 behaviour behaviour NOUN arjefm-91 163 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 163 21 respect respect NOUN arjefm-91 163 22 of of ADP arjefm-91 163 23 meeting meet VERB arjefm-91 163 24 their their PRON arjefm-91 163 25 expectations expectation NOUN arjefm-91 163 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 164 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 164 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 164 3 agrawal agrawal PROPN arjefm-91 164 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 164 5 maneet maneet PROPN arjefm-91 164 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 164 7 2011 2011 NUM arjefm-91 164 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 164 9 opine opine VERB arjefm-91 164 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 164 11 corporations corporation NOUN arjefm-91 164 12 must must AUX arjefm-91 164 13 seek seek VERB arjefm-91 164 14 to to PART arjefm-91 164 15 meet meet VERB arjefm-91 164 16 the the DET arjefm-91 164 17 demands demand NOUN arjefm-91 164 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 164 19 the the DET arjefm-91 164 20 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 164 21 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 164 22 particularly particularly ADV arjefm-91 164 23 social social ADJ arjefm-91 164 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 164 25 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 164 26 issues issue NOUN arjefm-91 164 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 165 1 it it PRON arjefm-91 165 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 165 3 on on ADP arjefm-91 165 4 this this DET arjefm-91 165 5 ground ground NOUN arjefm-91 165 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 165 7 frynas frynas X arjefm-91 165 8 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 165 9 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 165 10 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 165 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 165 12 ellerman ellerman NOUN arjefm-91 165 13 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 165 14 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 165 15 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 165 16 state state NOUN arjefm-91 165 17 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 165 18 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 165 19 should should AUX arjefm-91 165 20 be be AUX arjefm-91 165 21 allowed allow VERB arjefm-91 165 22 to to PART arjefm-91 165 23 have have VERB arjefm-91 165 24 an an DET arjefm-91 165 25 active active ADJ arjefm-91 165 26 role role NOUN arjefm-91 165 27 in in ADP arjefm-91 165 28 the the DET arjefm-91 165 29 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 165 30 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 165 31 communities community NOUN arjefm-91 165 32 relationships relationship NOUN arjefm-91 165 33 in in ADP arjefm-91 165 34 projects project NOUN arjefm-91 165 35 implementation implementation NOUN arjefm-91 165 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 166 1 for for ADP arjefm-91 166 2 instance instance NOUN arjefm-91 166 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 166 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 166 5 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 166 6 there there PRON arjefm-91 166 7 is be VERB arjefm-91 166 8 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 166 9 consultation consultation NOUN arjefm-91 166 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 166 11 most most ADJ arjefm-91 166 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 166 13 the the DET arjefm-91 166 14 community community NOUN arjefm-91 166 15 development development NOUN arjefm-91 166 16 project project NOUN arjefm-91 166 17 carried carry VERB arjefm-91 166 18 out out ADP arjefm-91 166 19 by by ADP arjefm-91 166 20 multinational multinational ADJ arjefm-91 166 21 oil oil NOUN arjefm-91 166 22 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 166 23 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 166 24 rowlands rowland NOUN arjefm-91 166 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 166 26 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 166 27 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 166 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 166 29 however however ADV arjefm-91 166 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 166 31 other other ADJ arjefm-91 166 32 sectors sector NOUN arjefm-91 166 33 of of ADP arjefm-91 166 34 the the DET arjefm-91 166 35 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 166 36 are be AUX arjefm-91 166 37 not not PART arjefm-91 166 38 seem seem VERB arjefm-91 166 39 to to PART arjefm-91 166 40 be be AUX arjefm-91 166 41 taking take VERB arjefm-91 166 42 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 166 43 so so ADV arjefm-91 166 44 important important ADJ arjefm-91 166 45 to to ADP arjefm-91 166 46 this this DET arjefm-91 166 47 extent extent NOUN arjefm-91 166 48 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 167 1 in in ADP arjefm-91 167 2 this this DET arjefm-91 167 3 research research NOUN arjefm-91 167 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 167 5 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 167 6 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 167 7 theory theory NOUN arjefm-91 167 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 167 9 preferred prefer VERB arjefm-91 167 10 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 168 1 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 168 2 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 168 3 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 168 4 theory theory NOUN arjefm-91 168 5 remains remain VERB arjefm-91 168 6 the the DET arjefm-91 168 7 logical logical ADJ arjefm-91 168 8 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 168 9 for for ADP arjefm-91 168 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 168 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 168 12 recently recently ADV arjefm-91 168 13 globalization globalization NOUN arjefm-91 168 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 168 15 business business NOUN arjefm-91 168 16 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 168 17 led lead VERB arjefm-91 168 18 to to ADP arjefm-91 168 19 the the DET arjefm-91 168 20 addition addition NOUN arjefm-91 168 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 168 22 global global ADJ arjefm-91 168 23 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 168 24 view view NOUN arjefm-91 168 25 to to ADP arjefm-91 168 26 the the DET arjefm-91 168 27 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 168 28 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 168 29 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 168 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 169 1 the the DET arjefm-91 169 2 view view NOUN arjefm-91 169 3 is be AUX arjefm-91 169 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 169 5 the the DET arjefm-91 169 6 notion notion NOUN arjefm-91 169 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 169 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 169 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 169 10 the the DET arjefm-91 169 11 consequences consequence NOUN arjefm-91 169 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 169 13 transnationalization transnationalization NOUN arjefm-91 169 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 169 15 business business NOUN arjefm-91 169 16 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 169 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 169 18 the the DET arjefm-91 169 19 globalized globalize VERB arjefm-91 169 20 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 169 21 sense sense NOUN arjefm-91 169 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 170 1 as as ADP arjefm-91 170 2 a a DET arjefm-91 170 3 result result NOUN arjefm-91 170 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 170 5 this this PRON arjefm-91 170 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 170 7 zadek zadek PROPN arjefm-91 170 8 et et PROPN arjefm-91 170 9 al al PROPN arjefm-91 170 10 . . PROPN arjefm-91 170 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 170 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 170 13 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 170 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 170 15 opine opine VERB arjefm-91 170 16 that that PRON arjefm-91 170 17 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 170 18 can can AUX arjefm-91 170 19 best well ADV arjefm-91 170 20 be be AUX arjefm-91 170 21 understaood understaood NOUN arjefm-91 170 22 as as ADP arjefm-91 170 23 a a DET arjefm-91 170 24 consequence consequence NOUN arjefm-91 170 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 170 26 global global ADJ arjefm-91 170 27 business business NOUN arjefm-91 170 28 operations operation NOUN arjefm-91 170 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 170 30 due due ADP arjefm-91 170 31 to to ADP arjefm-91 170 32 which which PRON arjefm-91 170 33 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 170 34 will will AUX arjefm-91 170 35 have have VERB arjefm-91 170 36 to to PART arjefm-91 170 37 take take VERB arjefm-91 170 38 greater great ADJ arjefm-91 170 39 account account NOUN arjefm-91 170 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 170 41 their their PRON arjefm-91 170 42 impacts impact NOUN arjefm-91 170 43 on on ADP arjefm-91 170 44 society society NOUN arjefm-91 170 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 171 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 171 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 171 3 influence influence NOUN arjefm-91 171 4 by by ADP arjefm-91 171 5 some some DET arjefm-91 171 6 factors factor NOUN arjefm-91 171 7 such such ADJ arjefm-91 171 8 as as ADP arjefm-91 171 9 the the DET arjefm-91 171 10 changing change VERB arjefm-91 171 11 role role NOUN arjefm-91 171 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 171 13 government government NOUN arjefm-91 171 14 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 172 1 crane crane NOUN arjefm-91 172 2 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 172 3 matten matten PROPN arjefm-91 172 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 172 5 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 172 6 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 172 7 state state NOUN arjefm-91 172 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 172 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 172 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 172 11 the the DET arjefm-91 172 12 traditional traditional ADJ arjefm-91 172 13 context context NOUN arjefm-91 172 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 172 15 government government NOUN arjefm-91 172 16 was be AUX arjefm-91 172 17 the the DET arjefm-91 172 18 dominant dominant ADJ arjefm-91 172 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 172 20 the the DET arjefm-91 172 21 regulators regulator NOUN arjefm-91 172 22 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 172 23 the the DET arjefm-91 172 24 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 172 25 are be AUX arjefm-91 172 26 dependent dependent ADJ arjefm-91 172 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 173 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 173 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 174 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 174 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 174 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 174 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 174 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 174 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 174 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 174 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 174 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 174 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 174 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 174 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 174 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 174 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 174 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 174 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 174 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 174 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 174 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 174 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 174 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 174 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 174 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 174 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 174 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 174 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 174 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 174 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 174 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 174 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 174 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 174 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 174 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 174 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 175 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 175 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 175 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 175 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 175 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 175 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 175 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 175 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 175 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 175 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 175 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 175 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 175 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 175 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 175 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 175 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 175 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 175 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 175 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 175 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 175 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 176 1 9 9 NUM arjefm-91 176 2 | | ADV arjefm-91 176 3 p p X arjefm-91 176 4 a a DET arjefm-91 176 5 g g NOUN arjefm-91 176 6 e e NOUN arjefm-91 176 7 however however ADV arjefm-91 176 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 176 9 globalization globalization NOUN arjefm-91 176 10 has have AUX arjefm-91 176 11 changed change VERB arjefm-91 176 12 this this PRON arjefm-91 176 13 due due ADP arjefm-91 176 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 176 15 the the DET arjefm-91 176 16 shift shift NOUN arjefm-91 176 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 176 18 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 176 19 power power NOUN arjefm-91 176 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 176 21 that that ADV arjefm-91 176 22 is is ADV arjefm-91 176 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 176 24 the the DET arjefm-91 176 25 government government NOUN arjefm-91 176 26 now now ADV arjefm-91 176 27 has have VERB arjefm-91 176 28 a a DET arjefm-91 176 29 dependent dependent ADJ arjefm-91 176 30 role role NOUN arjefm-91 176 31 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 176 32 the the DET arjefm-91 176 33 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 176 34 have have VERB arjefm-91 176 35 the the DET arjefm-91 176 36 dominant dominant ADJ arjefm-91 176 37 role role NOUN arjefm-91 176 38 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 176 39 crane crane NOUN arjefm-91 176 40 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 176 41 matten matten NOUN arjefm-91 176 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 176 43 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 176 44 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 176 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 177 1 the the DET arjefm-91 177 2 view view NOUN arjefm-91 177 3 is be AUX arjefm-91 177 4 supported support VERB arjefm-91 177 5 by by ADP arjefm-91 177 6 the the DET arjefm-91 177 7 fact fact NOUN arjefm-91 177 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 177 9 globalization globalization NOUN arjefm-91 177 10 brought bring VERB arjefm-91 177 11 about about ADP arjefm-91 177 12 a a DET arjefm-91 177 13 new new ADJ arjefm-91 177 14 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 177 15 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 177 16 which which PRON arjefm-91 177 17 span span VERB arjefm-91 177 18 beyond beyond ADP arjefm-91 177 19 national national ADJ arjefm-91 177 20 boundaries boundary NOUN arjefm-91 177 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 178 1 as as ADP arjefm-91 178 2 such such ADJ arjefm-91 178 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 178 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 178 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 178 6 seen see VERB arjefm-91 178 7 as as ADP arjefm-91 178 8 an an DET arjefm-91 178 9 important important ADJ arjefm-91 178 10 tool tool NOUN arjefm-91 178 11 for for ADP arjefm-91 178 12 creating create VERB arjefm-91 178 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 178 14 integrating integrate VERB arjefm-91 178 15 global global ADJ arjefm-91 178 16 challenges challenge NOUN arjefm-91 178 17 into into ADP arjefm-91 178 18 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 178 19 strategies strategy NOUN arjefm-91 178 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 178 21 governance governance NOUN arjefm-91 178 22 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 178 23 zadek zadek PROPN arjefm-91 178 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 178 25 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 178 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 178 27 midttun midttun PROPN arjefm-91 178 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 178 29 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 178 30 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 178 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 179 1 following follow VERB arjefm-91 179 2 global global ADJ arjefm-91 179 3 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 179 4 view view NOUN arjefm-91 179 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 179 6 this this DET arjefm-91 179 7 research research NOUN arjefm-91 179 8 subscribe subscribe NOUN arjefm-91 179 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 179 10 global global ADJ arjefm-91 179 11 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 179 12 view view NOUN arjefm-91 179 13 beside beside ADP arjefm-91 179 14 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 179 15 view view VERB arjefm-91 179 16 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 180 1 3.0 3.0 NUM arjefm-91 180 2 research research NOUN arjefm-91 180 3 methodology methodology NOUN arjefm-91 180 4 there there PRON arjefm-91 180 5 are be VERB arjefm-91 180 6 two two NUM arjefm-91 180 7 major major ADJ arjefm-91 180 8 ways way NOUN arjefm-91 180 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 180 10 assessing assess VERB arjefm-91 180 11 market market NOUN arjefm-91 180 12 reaction reaction NOUN arjefm-91 180 13 to to ADP arjefm-91 180 14 business business NOUN arjefm-91 180 15 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 180 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 180 17 these these PRON arjefm-91 180 18 are be AUX arjefm-91 180 19 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 180 20 individual individual ADJ arjefm-91 180 21 investor investor NOUN arjefm-91 180 22 ’s ’s PART arjefm-91 180 23 reaction reaction NOUN arjefm-91 180 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 180 25 aggregate aggregate ADJ arjefm-91 180 26 stock stock NOUN arjefm-91 180 27 market market NOUN arjefm-91 180 28 reaction reaction NOUN arjefm-91 180 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 181 1 this this DET arjefm-91 181 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 181 3 employs employ VERB arjefm-91 181 4 the the DET arjefm-91 181 5 aggregate aggregate ADJ arjefm-91 181 6 stock stock NOUN arjefm-91 181 7 market market NOUN arjefm-91 181 8 reaction reaction NOUN arjefm-91 181 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 182 1 this this DET arjefm-91 182 2 method method NOUN arjefm-91 182 3 relates relate VERB arjefm-91 182 4 share share VERB arjefm-91 182 5 prices price NOUN arjefm-91 182 6 to to ADP arjefm-91 182 7 specific specific ADJ arjefm-91 182 8 aspect aspect NOUN arjefm-91 182 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 182 10 a a DET arjefm-91 182 11 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 182 12 to to PART arjefm-91 182 13 draw draw VERB arjefm-91 182 14 conclusion conclusion NOUN arjefm-91 182 15 about about ADP arjefm-91 182 16 the the DET arjefm-91 182 17 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN arjefm-91 182 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 182 19 interest interest NOUN arjefm-91 182 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 183 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 183 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 183 3 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 183 4 research research NOUN arjefm-91 183 5 design design NOUN arjefm-91 183 6 is be AUX arjefm-91 183 7 adopted adopt VERB arjefm-91 183 8 to to PART arjefm-91 183 9 assess assess VERB arjefm-91 183 10 the the DET arjefm-91 183 11 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 183 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 183 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 183 14 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 183 15 on on ADP arjefm-91 183 16 the the DET arjefm-91 183 17 market market NOUN arjefm-91 183 18 values value NOUN arjefm-91 183 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 183 20 the the DET arjefm-91 183 21 listed list VERB arjefm-91 183 22 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 183 23 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 183 24 in in ADP arjefm-91 183 25 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 183 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 184 1 the the DET arjefm-91 184 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 184 3 used use VERB arjefm-91 184 4 secondary secondary ADJ arjefm-91 184 5 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 184 6 from from ADP arjefm-91 184 7 the the DET arjefm-91 184 8 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 184 9 statements statement NOUN arjefm-91 184 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 184 11 the the DET arjefm-91 184 12 sampled sample VERB arjefm-91 184 13 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 184 14 for for ADP arjefm-91 184 15 the the DET arjefm-91 184 16 period period NOUN arjefm-91 184 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 184 18 six six NUM arjefm-91 184 19 years year NOUN arjefm-91 184 20 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 184 21 2008 2008 NUM arjefm-91 184 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 184 23 2013 2013 NUM arjefm-91 184 24 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 184 25 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 185 1 the the DET arjefm-91 185 2 population population NOUN arjefm-91 185 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 185 4 this this DET arjefm-91 185 5 study study NOUN arjefm-91 185 6 comprises comprise NOUN arjefm-91 185 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 185 8 all all DET arjefm-91 185 9 the the DET arjefm-91 185 10 48 48 NUM arjefm-91 185 11 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 185 12 that that PRON arjefm-91 185 13 are be AUX arjefm-91 185 14 into into ADP arjefm-91 185 15 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 185 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 185 17 chemicals chemical NOUN arjefm-91 185 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 185 19 other other ADJ arjefm-91 185 20 related related ADJ arjefm-91 185 21 items item NOUN arjefm-91 185 22 listed list VERB arjefm-91 185 23 on on ADP arjefm-91 185 24 the the DET arjefm-91 185 25 floor floor NOUN arjefm-91 185 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 185 27 the the DET arjefm-91 185 28 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 185 29 stock stock NOUN arjefm-91 185 30 exchange exchange PROPN arjefm-91 185 31 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 185 32 nse nse NOUN arjefm-91 185 33 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 185 34 market market NOUN arjefm-91 185 35 as as ADP arjefm-91 185 36 at at ADP arjefm-91 185 37 31st 31st PROPN arjefm-91 185 38 december december PROPN arjefm-91 185 39 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 185 40 2013 2013 NUM arjefm-91 185 41 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 186 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 186 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 186 3 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 186 4 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 186 5 succeeded succeed VERB arjefm-91 186 6 as as ADP arjefm-91 186 7 the the DET arjefm-91 186 8 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 186 9 size size NOUN arjefm-91 186 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 186 11 the the DET arjefm-91 186 12 study study NOUN arjefm-91 186 13 based base VERB arjefm-91 186 14 on on ADP arjefm-91 186 15 two two NUM arjefm-91 186 16 criteria criterion NOUN arjefm-91 186 17 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 186 18 all all DET arjefm-91 186 19 the the DET arjefm-91 186 20 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 186 21 that that PRON arjefm-91 186 22 were be AUX arjefm-91 186 23 not not PART arjefm-91 186 24 in in ADP arjefm-91 186 25 the the DET arjefm-91 186 26 nse nse NOUN arjefm-91 186 27 listing listing NOUN arjefm-91 186 28 for for ADP arjefm-91 186 29 all all DET arjefm-91 186 30 the the DET arjefm-91 186 31 period period NOUN arjefm-91 186 32 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 186 33 2008 2008 NUM arjefm-91 186 34 through through ADP arjefm-91 186 35 2013 2013 NUM arjefm-91 186 36 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 186 37 covered cover VERB arjefm-91 186 38 by by ADP arjefm-91 186 39 the the DET arjefm-91 186 40 study study NOUN arjefm-91 186 41 were be AUX arjefm-91 186 42 filtered filter VERB arjefm-91 186 43 out out ADP arjefm-91 186 44 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 186 45 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 186 46 those those PRON arjefm-91 186 47 with with ADP arjefm-91 186 48 difficulties difficulty NOUN arjefm-91 186 49 in in ADP arjefm-91 186 50 accessing access VERB arjefm-91 186 51 their their PRON arjefm-91 186 52 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 186 53 are be AUX arjefm-91 186 54 also also ADV arjefm-91 186 55 dropped drop VERB arjefm-91 186 56 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 187 1 3.1 3.1 NUM arjefm-91 187 2 technique technique NOUN arjefm-91 187 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 187 4 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 187 5 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 187 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 187 7 models model NOUN arjefm-91 187 8 specification specification VERB arjefm-91 187 9 the the DET arjefm-91 187 10 study study NOUN arjefm-91 187 11 employed employ VERB arjefm-91 187 12 ordinary ordinary ADJ arjefm-91 187 13 least least ADJ arjefm-91 187 14 squares square NOUN arjefm-91 187 15 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 187 16 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 187 17 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 187 18 multiple multiple ADJ arjefm-91 187 19 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 187 20 technique technique NOUN arjefm-91 187 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 187 22 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 187 23 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 187 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 187 25 after after ADP arjefm-91 187 26 testing test VERB arjefm-91 187 27 the the DET arjefm-91 187 28 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 187 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 187 30 the the DET arjefm-91 187 31 problems problem NOUN arjefm-91 187 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 187 33 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NOUN arjefm-91 187 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 188 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 188 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 188 3 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 188 4 the the DET arjefm-91 188 5 traditional traditional ADJ arjefm-91 188 6 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 188 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 188 8 the the DET arjefm-91 188 9 presence presence NOUN arjefm-91 188 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 188 11 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NOUN arjefm-91 188 12 provide provide VERB arjefm-91 188 13 spurious spurious ADJ arjefm-91 188 14 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 188 15 problem problem NOUN arjefm-91 188 16 that that PRON arjefm-91 188 17 can can AUX arjefm-91 188 18 lead lead VERB arjefm-91 188 19 to to ADP arjefm-91 188 20 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 188 21 bias bias NOUN arjefm-91 188 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 189 1 thus thus ADV arjefm-91 189 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 189 3 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 189 4 technique technique NOUN arjefm-91 189 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 189 6 considered consider VERB arjefm-91 189 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 189 8 this this DET arjefm-91 189 9 paper paper NOUN arjefm-91 189 10 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 189 11 it it PRON arjefm-91 189 12 is be AUX arjefm-91 189 13 very very ADV arjefm-91 189 14 powerful powerful ADJ arjefm-91 189 15 in in ADP arjefm-91 189 16 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 189 17 estimation estimation NOUN arjefm-91 189 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 189 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 189 20 examining examine VERB arjefm-91 189 21 the the DET arjefm-91 189 22 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 189 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 189 24 one one NUM arjefm-91 189 25 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 189 26 on on ADP arjefm-91 189 27 another another PRON arjefm-91 189 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 190 1 the the DET arjefm-91 190 2 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 190 3 is be AUX arjefm-91 190 4 conducted conduct VERB arjefm-91 190 5 using use VERB arjefm-91 190 6 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 190 7 / / SYM arjefm-91 190 8 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 190 9 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 190 10 software software NOUN arjefm-91 190 11 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 190 12 stata stata VERB arjefm-91 190 13 11.0 11.0 NUM arjefm-91 190 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 190 15 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 191 1 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 191 2 measurement measurement NOUN arjefm-91 191 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 191 4 model model NOUN arjefm-91 191 5 specification specification NOUN arjefm-91 191 6 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 191 7 social social ADJ arjefm-91 191 8 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 191 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 191 10 divided divide VERB arjefm-91 191 11 into into ADP arjefm-91 191 12 its its PRON arjefm-91 191 13 five five NUM arjefm-91 191 14 main main ADJ arjefm-91 191 15 areas area NOUN arjefm-91 191 16 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 191 17 society society NOUN arjefm-91 191 18 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 191 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 191 20 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 191 21 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 191 22 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 191 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 191 24 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 191 25 ’ ’ PART arjefm-91 191 26 relations relation NOUN arjefm-91 191 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 191 28 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 191 29 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 191 30 value value NOUN arjefm-91 191 31 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 191 32 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 191 33 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 191 34 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 191 35 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 191 36 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 191 37 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 191 38 on on ADP arjefm-91 191 39 the the DET arjefm-91 191 40 other other ADJ arjefm-91 191 41 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 191 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 191 43 market market NOUN arjefm-91 191 44 reaction reaction NOUN arjefm-91 191 45 is be AUX arjefm-91 191 46 proxy proxy NOUN arjefm-91 191 47 by by ADP arjefm-91 191 48 the the DET arjefm-91 191 49 market market NOUN arjefm-91 191 50 values value NOUN arjefm-91 191 51 of of ADP arjefm-91 191 52 ordinary ordinary ADJ arjefm-91 191 53 shares share NOUN arjefm-91 191 54 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 192 1 the the DET arjefm-91 192 2 measurements measurement NOUN arjefm-91 192 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 192 4 the the DET arjefm-91 192 5 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 192 6 used use VERB arjefm-91 192 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 192 8 this this DET arjefm-91 192 9 study study NOUN arjefm-91 192 10 are be AUX arjefm-91 192 11 presented present VERB arjefm-91 192 12 in in ADP arjefm-91 192 13 table table NOUN arjefm-91 192 14 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 192 15 below below ADV arjefm-91 192 16 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 192 17 table table NOUN arjefm-91 192 18 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 192 19 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 192 20 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 192 21 measurements measurement NOUN arjefm-91 192 22 variables variable VERB arjefm-91 192 23 measurements measurement VERB arjefm-91 192 24 market market NOUN arjefm-91 192 25 values value NOUN arjefm-91 192 26 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 192 27 by by ADP arjefm-91 192 28 the the DET arjefm-91 192 29 share share NOUN arjefm-91 192 30 prices price NOUN arjefm-91 192 31 90 90 NUM arjefm-91 192 32 days day NOUN arjefm-91 192 33 after after ADP arjefm-91 192 34 the the DET arjefm-91 192 35 end end NOUN arjefm-91 192 36 of of ADP arjefm-91 192 37 accounting accounting NOUN arjefm-91 192 38 period period NOUN arjefm-91 192 39 society society NOUN arjefm-91 192 40 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 192 41 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 192 42 by by ADP arjefm-91 192 43 total total ADJ arjefm-91 192 44 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 192 45 on on ADP arjefm-91 192 46 the the DET arjefm-91 192 47 society society NOUN arjefm-91 192 48 in in ADP arjefm-91 192 49 the the DET arjefm-91 192 50 areas area NOUN arjefm-91 192 51 of of ADP arjefm-91 192 52 health health NOUN arjefm-91 192 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 192 54 education education NOUN arjefm-91 192 55 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 192 56 other other ADJ arjefm-91 192 57 things thing NOUN arjefm-91 192 58 at at ADP arjefm-91 192 59 the the DET arjefm-91 192 60 end end NOUN arjefm-91 192 61 of of ADP arjefm-91 192 62 accounting accounting NOUN arjefm-91 192 63 period period NOUN arjefm-91 192 64 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 192 65 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 192 66 reported report VERB arjefm-91 192 67 in in ADP arjefm-91 192 68 the the DET arjefm-91 192 69 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 192 70 statements statement NOUN arjefm-91 192 71 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 193 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 193 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 194 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 194 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 194 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 194 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 194 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 194 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 194 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 194 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 194 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 194 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 194 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 194 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 194 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 194 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 194 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 194 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 194 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 194 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 194 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 194 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 194 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 194 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 194 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 194 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 194 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 194 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 194 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 194 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 194 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 194 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 194 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 194 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 194 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 194 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 195 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 195 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 195 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 195 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 195 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 195 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 195 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 195 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 195 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 195 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 195 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 195 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 195 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 195 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 195 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 195 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 195 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 195 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 195 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 195 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 195 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 196 1 10 10 NUM arjefm-91 197 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 197 2 p p X arjefm-91 197 3 a a DET arjefm-91 197 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 197 5 e e X arjefm-91 197 6 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 197 7 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 197 8 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 197 9 by by ADP arjefm-91 197 10 total total ADJ arjefm-91 197 11 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 197 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 197 13 the the DET arjefm-91 197 14 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 197 15 in in ADP arjefm-91 197 16 the the DET arjefm-91 197 17 areas area NOUN arjefm-91 197 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 197 19 pollution pollution NOUN arjefm-91 197 20 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 197 21 air air NOUN arjefm-91 197 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 197 23 water water NOUN arjefm-91 197 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 197 25 land land NOUN arjefm-91 197 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 197 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 197 28 similar similar ADJ arjefm-91 197 29 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 197 30 problems problem NOUN arjefm-91 197 31 at at ADP arjefm-91 197 32 the the DET arjefm-91 197 33 end end NOUN arjefm-91 197 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 197 35 accounting accounting NOUN arjefm-91 197 36 period period NOUN arjefm-91 197 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 197 38 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 197 39 reported report VERB arjefm-91 197 40 in in ADP arjefm-91 197 41 the the DET arjefm-91 197 42 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 197 43 statements statement NOUN arjefm-91 197 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 198 1 employee employee NOUN arjefm-91 198 2 csr csr PROPN arjefm-91 198 3 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 198 4 by by ADP arjefm-91 198 5 total total ADJ arjefm-91 198 6 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 198 7 on on ADP arjefm-91 198 8 the the DET arjefm-91 198 9 work work NOUN arjefm-91 198 10 force force NOUN arjefm-91 198 11 at at ADP arjefm-91 198 12 the the DET arjefm-91 198 13 end end NOUN arjefm-91 198 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 198 15 accounting accounting NOUN arjefm-91 198 16 period period NOUN arjefm-91 198 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 198 18 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 198 19 reported report VERB arjefm-91 198 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 198 21 the the DET arjefm-91 198 22 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 198 23 statements statement NOUN arjefm-91 198 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 199 1 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 199 2 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 199 3 wealth wealth NOUN arjefm-91 199 4 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 199 5 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 199 6 by by ADP arjefm-91 199 7 returns return NOUN arjefm-91 199 8 on on ADP arjefm-91 199 9 equity equity NOUN arjefm-91 199 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 199 11 net net ADJ arjefm-91 199 12 income income NOUN arjefm-91 199 13 divided divide VERB arjefm-91 199 14 by by ADP arjefm-91 199 15 the the DET arjefm-91 199 16 total total ADJ arjefm-91 199 17 equity equity NOUN arjefm-91 199 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 200 1 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 200 2 compliance compliance NOUN arjefm-91 200 3 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 200 4 by by ADP arjefm-91 200 5 dichotomous dichotomous ADJ arjefm-91 200 6 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 200 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 200 8 0 0 NUM arjefm-91 200 9 if if SCONJ arjefm-91 200 10 a a DET arjefm-91 200 11 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 200 12 was be AUX arjefm-91 200 13 reported report VERB arjefm-91 200 14 violating violate VERB arjefm-91 200 15 rules rule NOUN arjefm-91 200 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 200 17 regulations regulation NOUN arjefm-91 200 18 during during ADP arjefm-91 200 19 an an DET arjefm-91 200 20 accounting accounting NOUN arjefm-91 200 21 period period NOUN arjefm-91 200 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 200 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 200 24 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 200 25 for for ADP arjefm-91 200 26 otherwise otherwise ADV arjefm-91 200 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 201 1 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 201 2 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 201 3 measured measure VERB arjefm-91 201 4 by by ADP arjefm-91 201 5 dichotomous dichotomous ADJ arjefm-91 201 6 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 201 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 201 8 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 201 9 if if SCONJ arjefm-91 201 10 a a DET arjefm-91 201 11 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 201 12 is be AUX arjefm-91 201 13 among among ADP arjefm-91 201 14 the the DET arjefm-91 201 15 long long ADJ arjefm-91 201 16 reputable reputable ADJ arjefm-91 201 17 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 201 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 201 19 the the DET arjefm-91 201 20 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 201 21 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 201 22 market market NOUN arjefm-91 201 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 201 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 201 25 0 0 NUM arjefm-91 201 26 for for ADP arjefm-91 201 27 otherwise otherwise ADV arjefm-91 201 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 202 1 the the DET arjefm-91 202 2 model model NOUN arjefm-91 202 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 202 4 the the DET arjefm-91 202 5 study study NOUN arjefm-91 202 6 is be AUX arjefm-91 202 7 mathematically mathematically ADV arjefm-91 202 8 expressed express VERB arjefm-91 202 9 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 202 10 follows follow VERB arjefm-91 202 11 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 202 12 mktvalit mktvalit NOUN arjefm-91 202 13 = = PUNCT arjefm-91 202 14 γ0 γ0 NOUN arjefm-91 202 15 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 16 β1soctyit β1soctyit NOUN arjefm-91 202 17 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 18 β2envronit β2envronit VERB arjefm-91 202 19 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 20 β3employit β3employit NOUN arjefm-91 202 21 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 22 β4ownersit β4ownersit PROPN arjefm-91 202 23 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 24 β5rcomplit β5rcomplit VERB arjefm-91 202 25 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 26 β6indtryit β6indtryit NOUN arjefm-91 202 27 + + CCONJ arjefm-91 202 28 µit µit PROPN arjefm-91 202 29 ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................. PROPN arjefm-91 202 30 i i PRON arjefm-91 202 31 where where SCONJ arjefm-91 202 32 mktvalit mktvalit NOUN arjefm-91 202 33 = = VERB arjefm-91 202 34 market market NOUN arjefm-91 202 35 values value NOUN arjefm-91 202 36 per per ADP arjefm-91 202 37 share share NOUN arjefm-91 202 38 of of ADP arjefm-91 202 39 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 202 40 i i PRON arjefm-91 202 41 in in ADP arjefm-91 202 42 year year NOUN arjefm-91 202 43 t t PROPN arjefm-91 202 44 soctyit soctyit NOUN arjefm-91 202 45 = = PUNCT arjefm-91 202 46 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 202 47 on on ADP arjefm-91 202 48 society society NOUN arjefm-91 202 49 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 202 50 of of ADP arjefm-91 202 51 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 202 52 i i PRON arjefm-91 202 53 in in ADP arjefm-91 202 54 year year NOUN arjefm-91 202 55 t t PROPN arjefm-91 202 56 envronit envronit NOUN arjefm-91 203 1 = = NOUN arjefm-91 203 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 203 3 on on ADP arjefm-91 203 4 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 203 5 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 203 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 7 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 203 8 i i PRON arjefm-91 203 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 203 10 year year NOUN arjefm-91 203 11 t t PROPN arjefm-91 203 12 employit employit NOUN arjefm-91 203 13 = = PUNCT arjefm-91 203 14 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 203 15 on on ADP arjefm-91 203 16 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 203 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 18 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 203 19 i i PRON arjefm-91 203 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 203 21 year year NOUN arjefm-91 203 22 t t NOUN arjefm-91 203 23 ownersit ownersit NOUN arjefm-91 203 24 = = SYM arjefm-91 203 25 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 203 26 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 203 27 value value NOUN arjefm-91 203 28 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 203 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 30 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 203 31 i i PRON arjefm-91 203 32 in in ADP arjefm-91 203 33 year year NOUN arjefm-91 203 34 t t PROPN arjefm-91 203 35 rcomplit rcomplit NOUN arjefm-91 203 36 = = SYM arjefm-91 203 37 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 203 38 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 203 39 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 40 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 203 41 i i PRON arjefm-91 203 42 in in ADP arjefm-91 203 43 year year NOUN arjefm-91 203 44 t t PROPN arjefm-91 203 45 indtryit indtryit NOUN arjefm-91 203 46 = = SYM arjefm-91 203 47 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 203 48 type type NOUN arjefm-91 203 49 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 50 firm firm NOUN arjefm-91 203 51 i i PRON arjefm-91 203 52 in in ADP arjefm-91 203 53 year year PROPN arjefm-91 203 54 t t PROPN arjefm-91 203 55 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 56 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 203 57 control control NOUN arjefm-91 203 58 variable variable ADJ arjefm-91 203 59 intercept intercept NOUN arjefm-91 203 60 = = NOUN arjefm-91 203 61 γ0 γ0 NOUN arjefm-91 203 62 estimators estimator NOUN arjefm-91 203 63 = = SYM arjefm-91 203 64 β1 β1 PROPN arjefm-91 203 65 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 66 β2 β2 NOUN arjefm-91 203 67 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 68 β3 β3 PROPN arjefm-91 203 69 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 70 β4 β4 PROPN arjefm-91 203 71 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 72 β5 β5 PROPN arjefm-91 203 73 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 203 74 β6 β6 PROPN arjefm-91 203 75 residual residual ADJ arjefm-91 203 76 = = NOUN arjefm-91 203 77 µit µit VERB arjefm-91 203 78 all all DET arjefm-91 203 79 the the DET arjefm-91 203 80 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 203 81 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 203 82 society society NOUN arjefm-91 203 83 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 203 84 environment environment NOUN arjefm-91 203 85 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 203 86 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 203 87 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 203 88 are be AUX arjefm-91 203 89 scaled scale VERB arjefm-91 203 90 by by ADP arjefm-91 203 91 assets asset NOUN arjefm-91 203 92 net net NOUN arjefm-91 203 93 book book NOUN arjefm-91 203 94 value value NOUN arjefm-91 203 95 to to PART arjefm-91 203 96 address address VERB arjefm-91 203 97 the the DET arjefm-91 203 98 problem problem NOUN arjefm-91 203 99 of of ADP arjefm-91 203 100 size size NOUN arjefm-91 203 101 differences difference NOUN arjefm-91 203 102 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 204 1 4.0 4.0 NUM arjefm-91 204 2 results result NOUN arjefm-91 204 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 204 4 discussions discussion NOUN arjefm-91 204 5 this this DET arjefm-91 204 6 section section NOUN arjefm-91 204 7 covers cover VERB arjefm-91 204 8 the the DET arjefm-91 204 9 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 204 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 204 11 interpretation interpretation NOUN arjefm-91 204 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 204 13 the the DET arjefm-91 204 14 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 204 15 collected collect VERB arjefm-91 204 16 for for ADP arjefm-91 204 17 the the DET arjefm-91 204 18 study study NOUN arjefm-91 204 19 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 204 20 the the DET arjefm-91 204 21 section section NOUN arjefm-91 204 22 begins begin VERB arjefm-91 204 23 with with ADP arjefm-91 204 24 the the DET arjefm-91 204 25 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 204 26 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 204 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 204 28 then then ADV arjefm-91 204 29 inferential inferential ADJ arjefm-91 204 30 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 204 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 204 32 the the DET arjefm-91 204 33 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 204 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 205 1 4.1 4.1 NUM arjefm-91 205 2 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 205 3 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 205 4 this this DET arjefm-91 205 5 section section NOUN arjefm-91 205 6 presents present VERB arjefm-91 205 7 the the DET arjefm-91 205 8 description description NOUN arjefm-91 205 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 10 the the DET arjefm-91 205 11 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 205 12 collected collect VERB arjefm-91 205 13 for for ADP arjefm-91 205 14 the the DET arjefm-91 205 15 study study NOUN arjefm-91 205 16 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 205 17 the the DET arjefm-91 205 18 summary summary NOUN arjefm-91 205 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 20 the the DET arjefm-91 205 21 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 205 22 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 205 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 24 the the DET arjefm-91 205 25 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 205 26 collected collect VERB arjefm-91 205 27 is be AUX arjefm-91 205 28 presented present VERB arjefm-91 205 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 205 30 table table NOUN arjefm-91 205 31 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 205 32 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 205 33 follows follow VERB arjefm-91 205 34 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 205 35 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 205 36 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 205 37 american american PROPN arjefm-91 205 38 research research PROPN arjefm-91 205 39 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 205 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 41 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 205 42 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 205 43 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 205 44 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 205 45 management management NOUN arjefm-91 205 46 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 205 47 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 205 48 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 205 49 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 205 50 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 205 51 october october PROPN arjefm-91 205 52 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 205 53 december december PROPN arjefm-91 205 54 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 205 55 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 205 56 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 205 57 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 205 58 - - SYM arjefm-91 205 59 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 205 60 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 205 61 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 205 62 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 205 63 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 205 64 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 205 65 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 205 66 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 205 67 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 205 68 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 205 69 email email NOUN arjefm-91 205 70 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 205 71 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 205 72 official official ADJ arjefm-91 205 73 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 205 74 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 75 america america PROPN arjefm-91 205 76 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 205 77 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 205 78 american american PROPN arjefm-91 205 79 research research PROPN arjefm-91 205 80 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 205 81 of of ADP arjefm-91 205 82 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 205 83 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 205 84 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 205 85 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 205 86 management management NOUN arjefm-91 205 87 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 205 88 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 205 89 email email NOUN arjefm-91 205 90 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 205 91 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 205 92 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 206 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 206 2 p p X arjefm-91 206 3 a a DET arjefm-91 206 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 206 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 206 6 table table NOUN arjefm-91 206 7 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 206 8 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 206 9 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 206 10 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 206 11 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 206 12 mean mean VERB arjefm-91 206 13 sd sd ADP arjefm-91 206 14 min min PROPN arjefm-91 206 15 max max PROPN arjefm-91 206 16 n n PROPN arjefm-91 206 17 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 206 18 63.1259 63.1259 NUM arjefm-91 206 19 202.4835 202.4835 NUM arjefm-91 206 20 1.5600 1.5600 NUM arjefm-91 206 21 1022.00 1022.00 NUM arjefm-91 206 22 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 206 23 lnmktval lnmktval NOUN arjefm-91 206 24 2.1828 2.1828 NUM arjefm-91 206 25 1.5746 1.5746 NUM arjefm-91 206 26 0.4447 0.4447 NUM arjefm-91 206 27 6.9295 6.9295 NUM arjefm-91 206 28 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 206 29 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 206 30 0.0384 0.0384 NUM arjefm-91 206 31 0.0713 0.0713 NUM arjefm-91 206 32 0.0017 0.0017 NUM arjefm-91 206 33 0.6181 0.6181 NUM arjefm-91 206 34 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 206 35 envron envron VERB arjefm-91 206 36 0.0214 0.0214 NUM arjefm-91 206 37 0.0747 0.0747 NUM arjefm-91 206 38 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 206 39 0.5576 0.5576 NUM arjefm-91 206 40 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 206 41 employ employ VERB arjefm-91 206 42 0.3722 0.3722 NUM arjefm-91 206 43 0.1149 0.1149 NUM arjefm-91 206 44 0.1042 0.1042 NUM arjefm-91 206 45 0.6104 0.6104 NUM arjefm-91 206 46 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 206 47 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 206 48 0.0113 0.0113 NUM arjefm-91 206 49 0.0572 0.0572 NUM arjefm-91 206 50 -0.1599 -0.1599 NOUN arjefm-91 207 1 0.2215 0.2215 NUM arjefm-91 207 2 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 207 3 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 207 4 0.9737 0.9737 NUM arjefm-91 207 5 0.1608 0.1608 NUM arjefm-91 207 6 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 207 7 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 207 8 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 207 9 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 207 10 0.5439 0.5439 NUM arjefm-91 207 11 0.5003 0.5003 NUM arjefm-91 207 12 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 207 13 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 207 14 144 144 NUM arjefm-91 207 15 source source NOUN arjefm-91 207 16 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 207 17 stata stata NOUN arjefm-91 207 18 output output NOUN arjefm-91 207 19 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 207 20 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 207 21 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 207 22 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 207 23 table table NOUN arjefm-91 207 24 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 207 25 shows show VERB arjefm-91 207 26 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 207 27 our our PRON arjefm-91 207 28 measure measure NOUN arjefm-91 207 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 207 30 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 207 31 market market NOUN arjefm-91 207 32 response response NOUN arjefm-91 207 33 to to ADP arjefm-91 207 34 social social ADJ arjefm-91 207 35 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 207 36 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 207 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 207 38 market market NOUN arjefm-91 207 39 values value NOUN arjefm-91 207 40 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 207 41 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 207 42 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 207 43 has have VERB arjefm-91 207 44 an an DET arjefm-91 207 45 average average ADJ arjefm-91 207 46 value value NOUN arjefm-91 207 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 207 48 n63.12 n63.12 NOUN arjefm-91 207 49 with with ADP arjefm-91 207 50 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 207 51 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 207 52 of of ADP arjefm-91 207 53 n202.48 n202.48 NOUN arjefm-91 207 54 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 207 55 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 207 56 minimum minimum NOUN arjefm-91 207 57 value value NOUN arjefm-91 207 58 of of ADP arjefm-91 207 59 n1.56 n1.56 PROPN arjefm-91 207 60 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 207 61 n1022.00 n1022.00 PROPN arjefm-91 207 62 as as ADP arjefm-91 207 63 the the DET arjefm-91 207 64 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 207 65 value value NOUN arjefm-91 207 66 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 208 1 the the DET arjefm-91 208 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 208 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 208 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 208 5 202.48 202.48 NUM arjefm-91 208 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 208 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 208 8 the the DET arjefm-91 208 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 208 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 208 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 208 12 the the DET arjefm-91 208 13 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 208 14 value value NOUN arjefm-91 208 15 from from ADP arjefm-91 208 16 both both DET arjefm-91 208 17 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 208 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 208 19 n202.48 n202.48 ADJ arjefm-91 208 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 208 21 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 208 22 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 208 23 there there PRON arjefm-91 208 24 is be VERB arjefm-91 208 25 a a DET arjefm-91 208 26 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 208 27 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 208 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 208 29 the the DET arjefm-91 208 30 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 208 31 from from ADP arjefm-91 208 32 the the DET arjefm-91 208 33 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 208 34 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 208 35 the the DET arjefm-91 208 36 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 208 37 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 208 38 is be AUX arjefm-91 208 39 higher high ADJ arjefm-91 208 40 than than ADP arjefm-91 208 41 the the DET arjefm-91 208 42 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 208 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 209 1 although although SCONJ arjefm-91 209 2 the the DET arjefm-91 209 3 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 209 4 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 209 5 are be AUX arjefm-91 209 6 from from ADP arjefm-91 209 7 different different ADJ arjefm-91 209 8 sectors sector NOUN arjefm-91 209 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 209 10 this this PRON arjefm-91 209 11 could could AUX arjefm-91 209 12 leads lead VERB arjefm-91 209 13 to to ADP arjefm-91 209 14 the the DET arjefm-91 209 15 problem problem NOUN arjefm-91 209 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 209 17 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN arjefm-91 209 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 209 19 the the DET arjefm-91 209 20 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 209 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 210 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 210 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 210 3 the the DET arjefm-91 210 4 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 210 5 is be AUX arjefm-91 210 6 transformed transform VERB arjefm-91 210 7 using use VERB arjefm-91 210 8 natural natural ADJ arjefm-91 210 9 logarithm logarithm NOUN arjefm-91 210 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 210 11 which which PRON arjefm-91 210 12 brought bring VERB arjefm-91 210 13 the the DET arjefm-91 210 14 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 210 15 value value NOUN arjefm-91 210 16 to2.1828 to2.1828 NOUN arjefm-91 210 17 with with ADP arjefm-91 210 18 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 210 19 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 210 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 210 21 1.5746 1.5746 NUM arjefm-91 210 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 210 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 210 24 the the DET arjefm-91 210 25 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 210 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 210 27 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 210 28 values value NOUN arjefm-91 210 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 210 30 0.4447 0.4447 NUM arjefm-91 210 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 210 32 6.9295 6.9295 NUM arjefm-91 210 33 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 210 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 211 1 the the DET arjefm-91 211 2 table table NOUN arjefm-91 211 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 211 4 shows show VERB arjefm-91 211 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 211 6 the the DET arjefm-91 211 7 average average ADJ arjefm-91 211 8 value value NOUN arjefm-91 211 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 211 10 society society NOUN arjefm-91 211 11 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 211 12 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 211 13 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 211 14 expenditure expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 211 15 is be AUX arjefm-91 211 16 0.0384 0.0384 NUM arjefm-91 211 17 with with ADP arjefm-91 211 18 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 211 19 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 211 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 211 21 0.0713 0.0713 NUM arjefm-91 211 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 211 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 211 24 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 211 25 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 211 26 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 211 27 values value NOUN arjefm-91 211 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 211 29 0.0017 0.0017 NUM arjefm-91 211 30 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 211 31 0.6181 0.6181 NUM arjefm-91 211 32 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 211 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 212 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 212 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 212 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 212 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 212 5 average average ADJ arjefm-91 212 6 the the DET arjefm-91 212 7 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 212 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 212 9 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 212 10 spent spend VERB arjefm-91 212 11 3.84 3.84 NUM arjefm-91 212 12 % % NOUN arjefm-91 212 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 212 14 their their PRON arjefm-91 212 15 net net ADJ arjefm-91 212 16 asset asset NOUN arjefm-91 212 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 212 18 the the DET arjefm-91 212 19 society society NOUN arjefm-91 212 20 during during ADP arjefm-91 212 21 the the DET arjefm-91 212 22 period period NOUN arjefm-91 212 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 212 24 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 212 25 the the DET arjefm-91 212 26 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 212 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 212 28 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 212 29 values value NOUN arjefm-91 212 30 are be AUX arjefm-91 212 31 0.17 0.17 NUM arjefm-91 212 32 % % NOUN arjefm-91 212 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 212 34 61.81 61.81 NUM arjefm-91 212 35 % % NOUN arjefm-91 212 36 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 212 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 213 1 the the DET arjefm-91 213 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 213 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 213 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 213 5 0.0713 0.0713 NUM arjefm-91 213 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 213 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 213 8 the the DET arjefm-91 213 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 213 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 213 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 213 12 both both DET arjefm-91 213 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 213 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 213 15 the the DET arjefm-91 213 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 213 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 213 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 213 19 0.0713 0.0713 NUM arjefm-91 213 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 213 21 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 213 22 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 213 23 there there PRON arjefm-91 213 24 is be VERB arjefm-91 213 25 a a DET arjefm-91 213 26 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 213 27 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 213 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 213 29 the the DET arjefm-91 213 30 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 213 31 from from ADP arjefm-91 213 32 the the DET arjefm-91 213 33 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 213 34 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 213 35 the the DET arjefm-91 213 36 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 213 37 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 213 38 is be AUX arjefm-91 213 39 higher high ADJ arjefm-91 213 40 than than ADP arjefm-91 213 41 the the DET arjefm-91 213 42 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 213 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 214 1 the the DET arjefm-91 214 2 table table NOUN arjefm-91 214 3 on on ADP arjefm-91 214 4 the the DET arjefm-91 214 5 other other ADJ arjefm-91 214 6 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 214 7 shows show VERB arjefm-91 214 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 214 9 the the DET arjefm-91 214 10 average average ADJ arjefm-91 214 11 value value NOUN arjefm-91 214 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 214 13 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 214 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 214 15 envron envron PROPN arjefm-91 214 16 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 214 17 expenditure expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 214 18 is be AUX arjefm-91 214 19 0.0214 0.0214 NUM arjefm-91 214 20 with with ADP arjefm-91 214 21 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 214 22 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 214 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 214 24 0.0747 0.0747 NUM arjefm-91 214 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 214 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 214 27 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 214 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 214 29 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 214 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 214 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 214 32 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 214 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 214 34 0.5576 0.5576 NUM arjefm-91 214 35 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 214 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 215 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 215 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 215 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 215 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 215 5 average average ADJ arjefm-91 215 6 the the DET arjefm-91 215 7 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 215 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 215 9 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 215 10 spent spend VERB arjefm-91 215 11 2.14 2.14 NUM arjefm-91 215 12 % % NOUN arjefm-91 215 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 215 14 their their PRON arjefm-91 215 15 net net ADJ arjefm-91 215 16 asset asset NOUN arjefm-91 215 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 215 18 the the DET arjefm-91 215 19 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 215 20 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 215 21 during during ADP arjefm-91 215 22 the the DET arjefm-91 215 23 period period NOUN arjefm-91 215 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 215 25 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 215 26 the the DET arjefm-91 215 27 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 215 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 215 29 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 215 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 215 31 are be AUX arjefm-91 215 32 0 0 NUM arjefm-91 215 33 % % NOUN arjefm-91 215 34 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 215 35 55.76 55.76 NUM arjefm-91 215 36 % % NOUN arjefm-91 215 37 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 215 38 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 216 1 the the DET arjefm-91 216 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 216 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 216 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 216 5 0.0747 0.0747 NUM arjefm-91 216 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 216 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 216 8 the the DET arjefm-91 216 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 216 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 216 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 216 12 both both DET arjefm-91 216 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 216 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 216 15 the the DET arjefm-91 216 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 216 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 216 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 216 19 0.0747 0.0747 NUM arjefm-91 216 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 216 21 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 216 22 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 216 23 there there PRON arjefm-91 216 24 is be VERB arjefm-91 216 25 a a DET arjefm-91 216 26 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 216 27 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 216 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 216 29 the the DET arjefm-91 216 30 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 216 31 from from ADP arjefm-91 216 32 the the DET arjefm-91 216 33 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 216 34 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 216 35 the the DET arjefm-91 216 36 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 216 37 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 216 38 is be AUX arjefm-91 216 39 higher high ADJ arjefm-91 216 40 than than ADP arjefm-91 216 41 the the DET arjefm-91 216 42 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 216 43 value value NOUN arjefm-91 216 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 217 1 the the DET arjefm-91 217 2 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 217 3 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 217 4 from from ADP arjefm-91 217 5 table table NOUN arjefm-91 217 6 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 217 7 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 217 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 217 9 the the DET arjefm-91 217 10 average average ADJ arjefm-91 217 11 value value NOUN arjefm-91 217 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 217 13 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 217 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 217 15 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 217 16 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 217 17 expenditure expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 217 18 is be AUX arjefm-91 217 19 0.3722 0.3722 NUM arjefm-91 217 20 with with ADP arjefm-91 217 21 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 217 22 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 217 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 217 24 0.1149 0.1149 NUM arjefm-91 217 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 217 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 217 27 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 217 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 217 29 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 217 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 217 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 217 32 0.1042 0.1042 NUM arjefm-91 217 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 217 34 0.6104 0.6104 NUM arjefm-91 217 35 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 217 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 218 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 218 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 218 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 218 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 218 5 average average ADJ arjefm-91 218 6 the the DET arjefm-91 218 7 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 218 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 218 9 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 218 10 spent spend VERB arjefm-91 218 11 37.22 37.22 NUM arjefm-91 218 12 % % NOUN arjefm-91 218 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 218 14 their their PRON arjefm-91 218 15 net net ADJ arjefm-91 218 16 asset asset NOUN arjefm-91 218 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 218 18 their their PRON arjefm-91 218 19 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 218 20 during during ADP arjefm-91 218 21 the the DET arjefm-91 218 22 period period NOUN arjefm-91 218 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 218 24 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 218 25 the the DET arjefm-91 218 26 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 218 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 218 28 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 218 29 values value NOUN arjefm-91 218 30 are be AUX arjefm-91 218 31 10.42 10.42 NUM arjefm-91 218 32 % % NOUN arjefm-91 218 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 218 34 61.04 61.04 NUM arjefm-91 218 35 % % NOUN arjefm-91 218 36 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 218 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 219 1 the the DET arjefm-91 219 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 219 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 219 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 219 5 0.1149 0.1149 NUM arjefm-91 219 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 219 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 219 8 the the DET arjefm-91 219 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 219 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 219 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 219 12 both both DET arjefm-91 219 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 219 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 219 15 the the DET arjefm-91 219 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 219 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 219 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 219 19 11.49 11.49 NUM arjefm-91 219 20 % % NOUN arjefm-91 219 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 219 22 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 219 23 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 219 24 there there PRON arjefm-91 219 25 is be VERB arjefm-91 219 26 no no DET arjefm-91 219 27 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 219 28 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 219 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 219 30 the the DET arjefm-91 219 31 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 219 32 from from ADP arjefm-91 219 33 the the DET arjefm-91 219 34 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 219 35 value value NOUN arjefm-91 219 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 220 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 220 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 221 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 221 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 221 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 221 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 221 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 221 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 221 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 221 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 221 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 221 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 221 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 221 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 221 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 221 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 221 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 221 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 221 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 221 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 221 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 221 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 221 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 221 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 221 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 221 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 221 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 221 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 221 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 221 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 221 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 221 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 221 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 221 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 221 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 221 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 222 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 222 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 222 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 222 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 222 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 222 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 222 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 222 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 222 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 222 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 222 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 222 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 222 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 222 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 222 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 222 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 222 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 222 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 222 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 222 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 222 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 223 1 12 12 NUM arjefm-91 224 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 224 2 p p X arjefm-91 224 3 a a DET arjefm-91 224 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 224 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 224 6 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 224 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 224 8 the the DET arjefm-91 224 9 table table NOUN arjefm-91 224 10 shows show VERB arjefm-91 224 11 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 224 12 the the DET arjefm-91 224 13 average average ADJ arjefm-91 224 14 value value NOUN arjefm-91 224 15 to to ADP arjefm-91 224 16 the the DET arjefm-91 224 17 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 224 18 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 224 19 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 224 20 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 224 21 is be AUX arjefm-91 224 22 0.0113 0.0113 NUM arjefm-91 224 23 with with ADP arjefm-91 224 24 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 224 25 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 224 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 224 27 0.0572 0.0572 NUM arjefm-91 224 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 224 29 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 224 30 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 224 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 224 32 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 224 33 values value NOUN arjefm-91 224 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 224 35 -0.1599 -0.1599 PRON arjefm-91 224 36 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 224 37 0.2215 0.2215 VERB arjefm-91 224 38 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 224 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 225 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 225 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 225 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 225 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 225 5 average average ADJ arjefm-91 225 6 the the DET arjefm-91 225 7 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 225 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 225 9 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 225 10 provide provide VERB arjefm-91 225 11 a a DET arjefm-91 225 12 return return NOUN arjefm-91 225 13 on on ADP arjefm-91 225 14 equity equity NOUN arjefm-91 225 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 225 16 1.13 1.13 NUM arjefm-91 225 17 % % NOUN arjefm-91 225 18 during during ADP arjefm-91 225 19 the the DET arjefm-91 225 20 period period NOUN arjefm-91 225 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 225 22 while while SCONJ arjefm-91 225 23 the the DET arjefm-91 225 24 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 225 25 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 225 26 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 225 27 returns return NOUN arjefm-91 225 28 on on ADP arjefm-91 225 29 equities equity NOUN arjefm-91 225 30 are be AUX arjefm-91 225 31 -15.99 -15.99 NOUN arjefm-91 225 32 % % NOUN arjefm-91 225 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 225 34 22.15 22.15 NUM arjefm-91 225 35 % % NOUN arjefm-91 225 36 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 225 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 226 1 the the DET arjefm-91 226 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 226 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 226 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 226 5 0.0572 0.0572 NUM arjefm-91 226 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 226 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 226 8 the the DET arjefm-91 226 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 226 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 226 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 226 12 both both DET arjefm-91 226 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 226 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 226 15 the the DET arjefm-91 226 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 226 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 226 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 226 19 0.0572 0.0572 NUM arjefm-91 226 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 226 21 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 226 22 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 226 23 there there PRON arjefm-91 226 24 is be VERB arjefm-91 226 25 a a DET arjefm-91 226 26 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 226 27 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 226 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 226 29 the the DET arjefm-91 226 30 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 226 31 from from ADP arjefm-91 226 32 the the DET arjefm-91 226 33 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 226 34 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 226 35 the the DET arjefm-91 226 36 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 226 37 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 226 38 is be AUX arjefm-91 226 39 higher high ADJ arjefm-91 226 40 than than ADP arjefm-91 226 41 the the DET arjefm-91 226 42 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 226 43 value value NOUN arjefm-91 226 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 227 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 227 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 227 3 table table NOUN arjefm-91 227 4 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 227 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 227 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 227 7 on on ADP arjefm-91 227 8 average average ADJ arjefm-91 227 9 97.37 97.37 NUM arjefm-91 227 10 % % NOUN arjefm-91 227 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 227 12 the the DET arjefm-91 227 13 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 227 14 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 227 15 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 227 16 during during ADP arjefm-91 227 17 the the DET arjefm-91 227 18 period period NOUN arjefm-91 227 19 comply comply ADV arjefm-91 227 20 with with ADP arjefm-91 227 21 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 227 22 regulations regulation NOUN arjefm-91 227 23 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 227 24 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 227 25 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 227 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 227 27 from from ADP arjefm-91 227 28 the the DET arjefm-91 227 29 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 227 30 value value NOUN arjefm-91 227 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 227 32 0.9737 0.9737 NUM arjefm-91 227 33 with with ADP arjefm-91 227 34 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 227 35 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 227 36 of of ADP arjefm-91 227 37 0.1608 0.1608 NUM arjefm-91 227 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 227 39 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 227 40 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 227 41 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 227 42 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 227 43 values value NOUN arjefm-91 227 44 of of ADP arjefm-91 227 45 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 227 46 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 227 47 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 227 48 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 227 49 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 228 1 the the DET arjefm-91 228 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 228 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 228 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 228 5 0.1608 0.1608 NUM arjefm-91 228 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 228 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 228 8 the the DET arjefm-91 228 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 228 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 228 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 228 12 both both DET arjefm-91 228 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 228 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 228 15 the the DET arjefm-91 228 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 228 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 228 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 228 19 16.08 16.08 NUM arjefm-91 228 20 % % NOUN arjefm-91 228 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 228 22 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 228 23 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 228 24 there there PRON arjefm-91 228 25 is be VERB arjefm-91 228 26 no no DET arjefm-91 228 27 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 228 28 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 228 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 228 30 the the DET arjefm-91 228 31 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 228 32 from from ADP arjefm-91 228 33 the the DET arjefm-91 228 34 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 228 35 value value NOUN arjefm-91 228 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 229 1 moreover moreover ADV arjefm-91 229 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 229 3 the the DET arjefm-91 229 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 229 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 229 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 229 7 the the DET arjefm-91 229 8 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 229 9 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 229 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 229 11 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 229 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 229 13 has have VERB arjefm-91 229 14 an an DET arjefm-91 229 15 average average ADJ arjefm-91 229 16 value value NOUN arjefm-91 229 17 of of ADP arjefm-91 229 18 0.5439 0.5439 NUM arjefm-91 229 19 with with ADP arjefm-91 229 20 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 229 21 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 229 22 of of ADP arjefm-91 229 23 0.5003 0.5003 NUM arjefm-91 229 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 229 25 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 229 26 minimum minimum ADJ arjefm-91 229 27 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 229 28 maximum maximum ADJ arjefm-91 229 29 values value NOUN arjefm-91 229 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 229 31 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 229 32 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 229 33 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 229 34 respectively respectively ADV arjefm-91 229 35 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 230 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 230 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 230 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 230 4 on on ADP arjefm-91 230 5 average average ADJ arjefm-91 230 6 54.39 54.39 NUM arjefm-91 230 7 % % NOUN arjefm-91 230 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 230 9 the the DET arjefm-91 230 10 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 230 11 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 230 12 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 230 13 belong belong VERB arjefm-91 230 14 to to ADP arjefm-91 230 15 the the DET arjefm-91 230 16 most most ADV arjefm-91 230 17 active active ADJ arjefm-91 230 18 sectors sector NOUN arjefm-91 230 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 230 20 the the DET arjefm-91 230 21 economy economy NOUN arjefm-91 230 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 231 1 the the DET arjefm-91 231 2 standard standard ADJ arjefm-91 231 3 deviation deviation NOUN arjefm-91 231 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 231 5 0.5003 0.5003 NUM arjefm-91 231 6 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 231 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 231 8 the the DET arjefm-91 231 9 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 231 10 deviate deviate VERB arjefm-91 231 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 231 12 both both DET arjefm-91 231 13 sides side NOUN arjefm-91 231 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 231 15 the the DET arjefm-91 231 16 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 231 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 231 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 231 19 50.003 50.003 NUM arjefm-91 231 20 % % NOUN arjefm-91 231 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 231 22 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 231 23 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 231 24 there there PRON arjefm-91 231 25 is be VERB arjefm-91 231 26 a a DET arjefm-91 231 27 wide wide ADJ arjefm-91 231 28 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 231 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 231 30 the the DET arjefm-91 231 31 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 231 32 from from ADP arjefm-91 231 33 the the DET arjefm-91 231 34 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 231 35 value value NOUN arjefm-91 231 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 232 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 232 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 232 3 the the DET arjefm-91 232 4 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 232 5 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 232 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 232 7 the the DET arjefm-91 232 8 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 232 9 collected collect VERB arjefm-91 232 10 for for ADP arjefm-91 232 11 the the DET arjefm-91 232 12 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 232 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 232 14 the the DET arjefm-91 232 15 study study NOUN arjefm-91 232 16 shows show VERB arjefm-91 232 17 the the DET arjefm-91 232 18 nature nature NOUN arjefm-91 232 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 232 20 the the DET arjefm-91 232 21 extent extent NOUN arjefm-91 232 22 of of ADP arjefm-91 232 23 the the DET arjefm-91 232 24 dispersion dispersion NOUN arjefm-91 232 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 232 26 the the DET arjefm-91 232 27 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 232 28 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 232 29 which which PRON arjefm-91 232 30 to to ADP arjefm-91 232 31 a a DET arjefm-91 232 32 large large ADJ arjefm-91 232 33 extent extent NOUN arjefm-91 232 34 suggested suggest VERB arjefm-91 232 35 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 232 36 the the DET arjefm-91 232 37 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 232 38 did do AUX arjefm-91 232 39 not not PART arjefm-91 232 40 follow follow VERB arjefm-91 232 41 the the DET arjefm-91 232 42 normal normal ADJ arjefm-91 232 43 curve curve NOUN arjefm-91 232 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 233 1 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 233 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 233 3 the the DET arjefm-91 233 4 test test NOUN arjefm-91 233 5 of of ADP arjefm-91 233 6 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 233 7 normality normality NOUN arjefm-91 233 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 233 9 conducted conduct VERB arjefm-91 233 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 233 11 the the DET arjefm-91 233 12 results result NOUN arjefm-91 233 13 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 233 14 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 233 15 only only ADV arjefm-91 233 16 the the DET arjefm-91 233 17 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 233 18 from from ADP arjefm-91 233 19 the the DET arjefm-91 233 20 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 233 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 233 22 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 233 23 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 233 24 follow follow VERB arjefm-91 233 25 the the DET arjefm-91 233 26 normal normal ADJ arjefm-91 233 27 curve curve NOUN arjefm-91 233 28 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 233 29 see see VERB arjefm-91 233 30 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 233 31 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 233 32 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 233 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 234 1 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 234 2 the the DET arjefm-91 234 3 p p NOUN arjefm-91 234 4 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 234 5 values value NOUN arjefm-91 234 6 are be AUX arjefm-91 234 7 not not PART arjefm-91 234 8 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 234 9 at at ADP arjefm-91 234 10 all all DET arjefm-91 234 11 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 234 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 234 13 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 234 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 234 15 suggesting suggest VERB arjefm-91 234 16 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 234 17 the the DET arjefm-91 234 18 null null ADJ arjefm-91 234 19 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 234 20 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 234 21 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 234 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 234 23 the the DET arjefm-91 234 24 data data NOUN arjefm-91 234 25 is be AUX arjefm-91 234 26 normally normally ADV arjefm-91 234 27 distributed distribute VERB arjefm-91 234 28 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 234 29 is be AUX arjefm-91 234 30 not not PART arjefm-91 234 31 rejected reject VERB arjefm-91 234 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 235 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 235 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 235 3 a a DET arjefm-91 235 4 further further ADJ arjefm-91 235 5 data data NOUN arjefm-91 235 6 reliability reliability NOUN arjefm-91 235 7 test test NOUN arjefm-91 235 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 235 9 applied apply VERB arjefm-91 235 10 to to PART arjefm-91 235 11 avoid avoid VERB arjefm-91 235 12 those those DET arjefm-91 235 13 factors factor NOUN arjefm-91 235 14 that that PRON arjefm-91 235 15 could could AUX arjefm-91 235 16 bias bias VERB arjefm-91 235 17 our our PRON arjefm-91 235 18 results result NOUN arjefm-91 235 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 236 1 hadri hadri ADJ arjefm-91 236 2 langrange langrange NOUN arjefm-91 236 3 multiplier multiplier ADV arjefm-91 236 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 236 5 lm lm INTJ arjefm-91 236 6 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 236 7 test test NOUN arjefm-91 236 8 for for ADP arjefm-91 236 9 unit unit NOUN arjefm-91 236 10 root root NOUN arjefm-91 236 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 236 12 applied apply VERB arjefm-91 236 13 to to PART arjefm-91 236 14 ascertain ascertain VERB arjefm-91 236 15 whether whether SCONJ arjefm-91 236 16 the the DET arjefm-91 236 17 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 236 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 236 19 the the DET arjefm-91 236 20 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 236 21 is be AUX arjefm-91 236 22 stationary stationary ADJ arjefm-91 236 23 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 236 24 not not PART arjefm-91 236 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 236 26 the the DET arjefm-91 236 27 results result NOUN arjefm-91 236 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 236 29 the the DET arjefm-91 236 30 tests test NOUN arjefm-91 236 31 is be AUX arjefm-91 236 32 presented present VERB arjefm-91 236 33 in in ADP arjefm-91 236 34 table table NOUN arjefm-91 236 35 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 236 36 table table NOUN arjefm-91 236 37 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 236 38 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 236 39 unit unit NOUN arjefm-91 236 40 root root PROPN arjefm-91 236 41 test test NOUN arjefm-91 236 42 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 236 43 no no INTJ arjefm-91 236 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 236 45 of of ADP arjefm-91 236 46 panels panel NOUN arjefm-91 237 1 no no INTJ arjefm-91 237 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 238 1 of of ADP arjefm-91 238 2 periods period NOUN arjefm-91 238 3 z z NOUN arjefm-91 238 4 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 238 5 statistic statistic ADJ arjefm-91 238 6 p p NOUN arjefm-91 238 7 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 238 8 values value NOUN arjefm-91 238 9 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 238 10 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 11 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 12 0.2297 0.2297 NUM arjefm-91 238 13 0.4092 0.4092 NUM arjefm-91 238 14 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 238 15 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 16 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 17 1.7668 1.7668 NUM arjefm-91 238 18 0.0386 0.0386 NUM arjefm-91 238 19 envron envron VERB arjefm-91 238 20 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 21 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 22 0.1101 0.1101 NUM arjefm-91 238 23 0.4562 0.4562 NUM arjefm-91 238 24 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 238 25 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 26 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 27 0.6115 0.6115 NUM arjefm-91 238 28 0.2704 0.2704 NUM arjefm-91 238 29 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 238 30 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 31 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 32 0.3029 0.3029 NUM arjefm-91 238 33 0.3810 0.3810 NUM arjefm-91 238 34 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 238 35 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 36 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 37 -1.4457 -1.4457 NOUN arjefm-91 238 38 0.9259 0.9259 NUM arjefm-91 238 39 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 238 40 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 238 41 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 238 42 -1.1919 -1.1919 NOUN arjefm-91 238 43 0.8834 0.8834 NUM arjefm-91 238 44 source source NOUN arjefm-91 238 45 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 238 46 stata stata NOUN arjefm-91 238 47 output output NOUN arjefm-91 238 48 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 238 49 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 238 50 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 238 51 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 238 52 hadri hadri ADJ arjefm-91 238 53 lm lm INTJ arjefm-91 238 54 test test NOUN arjefm-91 238 55 for for ADP arjefm-91 238 56 panel panel NOUN arjefm-91 238 57 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 238 58 employs employ VERB arjefm-91 238 59 the the DET arjefm-91 238 60 null null ADJ arjefm-91 238 61 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 238 62 that that PRON arjefm-91 238 63 all all DET arjefm-91 238 64 the the DET arjefm-91 238 65 panels panel NOUN arjefm-91 238 66 are be AUX arjefm-91 238 67 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 238 68 trend trend NOUN arjefm-91 238 69 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 238 70 stationery stationery NOUN arjefm-91 238 71 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 239 1 the the DET arjefm-91 239 2 results result NOUN arjefm-91 239 3 from from ADP arjefm-91 239 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 239 5 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 239 6 show show VERB arjefm-91 239 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 239 8 only only ADV arjefm-91 239 9 socty socty ADJ arjefm-91 239 10 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 239 11 has have VERB arjefm-91 239 12 unit unit NOUN arjefm-91 239 13 root root NOUN arjefm-91 239 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 239 15 that that PRON arjefm-91 239 16 is is ADV arjefm-91 239 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 239 18 non non ADJ arjefm-91 239 19 - - NOUN arjefm-91 239 20 stationery stationery NOUN arjefm-91 239 21 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 239 22 from from ADP arjefm-91 239 23 the the DET arjefm-91 239 24 pvalue pvalue NOUN arjefm-91 239 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 239 26 0.0386 0.0386 NUM arjefm-91 239 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 240 1 thus thus ADV arjefm-91 240 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 240 3 the the DET arjefm-91 240 4 null null ADJ arjefm-91 240 5 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 240 6 that that PRON arjefm-91 240 7 the the DET arjefm-91 240 8 data data NOUN arjefm-91 240 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 240 10 stationery stationery NOUN arjefm-91 240 11 is be AUX arjefm-91 240 12 rejected reject VERB arjefm-91 240 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 241 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 241 2 the the DET arjefm-91 241 3 other other ADJ arjefm-91 241 4 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 241 5 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 241 6 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 241 7 american american PROPN arjefm-91 241 8 research research PROPN arjefm-91 241 9 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 241 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 241 11 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 241 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 241 13 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 241 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 241 15 management management NOUN arjefm-91 241 16 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 241 17 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 241 18 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 241 19 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 241 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 241 21 october october PROPN arjefm-91 241 22 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 241 23 december december PROPN arjefm-91 241 24 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 241 25 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 241 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 241 27 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 241 28 - - SYM arjefm-91 241 29 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 241 30 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 241 31 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 241 32 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 241 33 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 241 34 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 241 35 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 241 36 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 241 37 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 241 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 241 39 email email NOUN arjefm-91 241 40 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 241 41 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 241 42 official official ADJ arjefm-91 241 43 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 241 44 of of ADP arjefm-91 241 45 america america PROPN arjefm-91 241 46 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 241 47 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 241 48 american american PROPN arjefm-91 241 49 research research PROPN arjefm-91 241 50 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 241 51 of of ADP arjefm-91 241 52 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 241 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 241 54 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 241 55 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 241 56 management management NOUN arjefm-91 241 57 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 241 58 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 241 59 email email NOUN arjefm-91 241 60 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 241 61 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 242 1 13 13 NUM arjefm-91 243 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 243 2 p p X arjefm-91 243 3 a a DET arjefm-91 243 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 243 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 243 6 table table NOUN arjefm-91 243 7 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 243 8 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 243 9 all all DET arjefm-91 243 10 the the DET arjefm-91 243 11 remaining remain VERB arjefm-91 243 12 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 243 13 are be AUX arjefm-91 243 14 stationery stationery NOUN arjefm-91 243 15 because because SCONJ arjefm-91 243 16 the the DET arjefm-91 243 17 p p NOUN arjefm-91 243 18 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 243 19 values value NOUN arjefm-91 243 20 are be AUX arjefm-91 243 21 not not PART arjefm-91 243 22 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 243 23 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 243 24 at at ADP arjefm-91 243 25 all all DET arjefm-91 243 26 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 243 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 243 28 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 243 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 244 1 having having AUX arjefm-91 244 2 analyzed analyze VERB arjefm-91 244 3 the the DET arjefm-91 244 4 descriptive descriptive ADJ arjefm-91 244 5 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 244 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 244 7 normality normality NOUN arjefm-91 244 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 244 9 the the DET arjefm-91 244 10 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 244 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 244 12 the the DET arjefm-91 244 13 inferential inferential ADJ arjefm-91 244 14 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 244 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 244 16 the the DET arjefm-91 244 17 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 244 18 collected collect VERB arjefm-91 244 19 from from ADP arjefm-91 244 20 which which PRON arjefm-91 244 21 the the DET arjefm-91 244 22 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 244 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 244 24 the the DET arjefm-91 244 25 study study NOUN arjefm-91 244 26 are be AUX arjefm-91 244 27 tested test VERB arjefm-91 244 28 are be AUX arjefm-91 244 29 presented present VERB arjefm-91 244 30 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 244 31 interpreted interpret VERB arjefm-91 244 32 in in ADP arjefm-91 244 33 the the DET arjefm-91 244 34 following follow VERB arjefm-91 244 35 section section NOUN arjefm-91 244 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 245 1 4.2 4.2 NUM arjefm-91 245 2 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 245 3 results result NOUN arjefm-91 245 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 245 5 this this DET arjefm-91 245 6 section section NOUN arjefm-91 245 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 245 8 the the DET arjefm-91 245 9 summary summary NOUN arjefm-91 245 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 245 11 the the DET arjefm-91 245 12 pearson pearson NOUN arjefm-91 245 13 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 245 14 coefficients coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 245 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 245 16 the the DET arjefm-91 245 17 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 245 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 245 19 the the DET arjefm-91 245 20 study study NOUN arjefm-91 245 21 are be AUX arjefm-91 245 22 presented present VERB arjefm-91 245 23 in in ADP arjefm-91 245 24 table table NOUN arjefm-91 245 25 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 245 26 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 245 27 follows follow VERB arjefm-91 245 28 table table NOUN arjefm-91 245 29 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 245 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 245 31 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 245 32 matrix matrix NOUN arjefm-91 245 33 variables variable VERB arjefm-91 245 34 mktval mktval ADJ arjefm-91 245 35 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 245 36 envron envron VERB arjefm-91 245 37 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 245 38 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 245 39 rcompl rcompl PROPN arjefm-91 245 40 indtry indtry PROPN arjefm-91 245 41 mktval mktval PROPN arjefm-91 245 42 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 43 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 245 44 0.5819 0.5819 NUM arjefm-91 245 45 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 46 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 47 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 48 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 49 envron envron VERB arjefm-91 245 50 0.9300 0.9300 NUM arjefm-91 245 51 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 52 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 53 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 54 0.3841 0.3841 NUM arjefm-91 245 55 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 56 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 57 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 58 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 59 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 245 60 0.0181 0.0181 NUM arjefm-91 245 61 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 62 0.8486 0.8486 NUM arjefm-91 245 63 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 64 -0.2029 -0.2029 PROPN arjefm-91 245 65 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 66 0.0304 0.0304 NUM arjefm-91 245 67 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 68 0.0714 0.0714 NUM arjefm-91 245 69 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 70 0.4502 0.4502 NUM arjefm-91 245 71 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 72 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 73 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 245 74 0.7622 0.7622 NUM arjefm-91 245 75 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 76 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 77 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 78 0.0068 0.0068 NUM arjefm-91 245 79 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 80 0.9427 0.9427 NUM arjefm-91 245 81 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 82 0.8123 0.8123 NUM arjefm-91 245 83 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 84 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 85 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 86 0.1999 0.1999 NUM arjefm-91 245 87 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 88 0.0330 0.0330 NUM arjefm-91 245 89 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 90 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 91 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 245 92 -0.1891 -0.1891 NOUN arjefm-91 245 93 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 94 0.0440 0.0440 NUM arjefm-91 245 95 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 96 -0.2167 -0.2167 NOUN arjefm-91 245 97 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 98 0.0206 0.0206 NUM arjefm-91 245 99 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 100 -0.1673 -0.1673 NOUN arjefm-91 245 101 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 102 0.0752 0.0752 NUM arjefm-91 245 103 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 104 0.2336 0.2336 NUM arjefm-91 245 105 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 106 0.0124 0.0124 NUM arjefm-91 245 107 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 108 -0.0820 -0.0820 NOUN arjefm-91 245 109 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 110 0.3859 0.3859 NUM arjefm-91 245 111 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 112 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 245 113 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 245 114 -0.0375 -0.0375 PROPN arjefm-91 245 115 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 245 116 0.6923 0.6923 NUM arjefm-91 245 117 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 245 118 -0.2318 -0.2318 PUNCT arjefm-91 246 1 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 246 2 0.0131 0.0131 NUM arjefm-91 246 3 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 246 4 -0.0476 -0.0476 NOUN arjefm-91 246 5 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 246 6 0.6153 0.6153 NUM arjefm-91 246 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 246 8 -0.1146 -0.1146 NOUN arjefm-91 246 9 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 246 10 0.2271 0.2271 NUM arjefm-91 246 11 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 1 0.1262 0.1262 NUM arjefm-91 247 2 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 3 0.1809 0.1809 NUM arjefm-91 247 4 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 5 0.0625 0.0625 NUM arjefm-91 247 6 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 7 0.5089 0.5089 NUM arjefm-91 247 8 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 9 1.0000 1.0000 NUM arjefm-91 247 10 p p NOUN arjefm-91 247 11 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 247 12 values value NOUN arjefm-91 247 13 in in ADP arjefm-91 247 14 parentheses parenthesis NOUN arjefm-91 247 15 source source NOUN arjefm-91 247 16 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 247 17 stata stata NOUN arjefm-91 247 18 output output NOUN arjefm-91 247 19 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 20 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 247 21 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 247 22 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 23 the the DET arjefm-91 247 24 results result NOUN arjefm-91 247 25 from from ADP arjefm-91 247 26 table table NOUN arjefm-91 247 27 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 247 28 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 247 29 a a DET arjefm-91 247 30 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 247 31 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 247 32 association association NOUN arjefm-91 247 33 between between ADP arjefm-91 247 34 market market NOUN arjefm-91 247 35 values value NOUN arjefm-91 247 36 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 37 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 247 38 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 39 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 247 40 society society NOUN arjefm-91 247 41 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 247 42 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 43 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 247 44 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 45 from from ADP arjefm-91 247 46 the the DET arjefm-91 247 47 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 247 48 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 247 49 of of ADP arjefm-91 247 50 0.5819 0.5819 NUM arjefm-91 247 51 which which PRON arjefm-91 247 52 is be AUX arjefm-91 247 53 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 247 54 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 247 55 at at ADP arjefm-91 247 56 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 247 57 % % NOUN arjefm-91 247 58 level level NOUN arjefm-91 247 59 of of ADP arjefm-91 247 60 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 247 61 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 247 62 pvalue pvalue NOUN arjefm-91 247 63 of of ADP arjefm-91 247 64 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 247 65 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 247 66 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 248 1 this this DET arjefm-91 248 2 result result NOUN arjefm-91 248 3 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 248 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 248 5 market market NOUN arjefm-91 248 6 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 248 7 responded respond VERB arjefm-91 248 8 to to ADP arjefm-91 248 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 248 10 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 248 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 248 12 the the DET arjefm-91 248 13 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 248 14 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 248 15 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 248 16 during during ADP arjefm-91 248 17 the the DET arjefm-91 248 18 period period NOUN arjefm-91 248 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 248 20 the the DET arjefm-91 248 21 study study NOUN arjefm-91 248 22 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 249 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 249 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 249 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 249 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 249 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 249 6 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 249 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 249 8 society society NOUN arjefm-91 249 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 249 10 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 249 11 to to ADP arjefm-91 249 12 the the DET arjefm-91 249 13 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 249 14 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 249 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 249 16 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 249 17 indicated indicate VERB arjefm-91 249 18 by by ADP arjefm-91 249 19 the the DET arjefm-91 249 20 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 249 21 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 249 22 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 249 23 in in ADP arjefm-91 249 24 this this DET arjefm-91 249 25 study study NOUN arjefm-91 249 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 250 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 250 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 250 3 the the DET arjefm-91 250 4 results result NOUN arjefm-91 250 5 from from ADP arjefm-91 250 6 the the DET arjefm-91 250 7 table table NOUN arjefm-91 250 8 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 250 9 a a DET arjefm-91 250 10 strong strong ADJ arjefm-91 250 11 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 250 12 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 250 13 association association NOUN arjefm-91 250 14 between between ADP arjefm-91 250 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 250 16 values value NOUN arjefm-91 250 17 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 250 18 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 250 19 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 250 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 250 21 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 250 22 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 250 23 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 250 24 envron envron PROPN arjefm-91 250 25 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 250 26 from from ADP arjefm-91 250 27 the the DET arjefm-91 250 28 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 250 29 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 250 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 250 31 0.9300 0.9300 NUM arjefm-91 250 32 which which PRON arjefm-91 250 33 is be AUX arjefm-91 250 34 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 250 35 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 250 36 at at ADP arjefm-91 250 37 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 250 38 % % NOUN arjefm-91 250 39 level level NOUN arjefm-91 250 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 250 41 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 250 42 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 250 43 p p NOUN arjefm-91 250 44 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 250 45 value value NOUN arjefm-91 250 46 of of ADP arjefm-91 250 47 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 250 48 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 250 49 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 251 1 this this DET arjefm-91 251 2 result result NOUN arjefm-91 251 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 251 4 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 251 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 251 6 market market NOUN arjefm-91 251 7 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 251 8 responded respond VERB arjefm-91 251 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 251 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 251 11 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 251 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 251 13 the the DET arjefm-91 251 14 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 251 15 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 251 16 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 251 17 during during ADP arjefm-91 251 18 the the DET arjefm-91 251 19 period period NOUN arjefm-91 251 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 251 21 the the DET arjefm-91 251 22 study study NOUN arjefm-91 251 23 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 252 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 252 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 252 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 252 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 252 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 252 6 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 252 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 252 8 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 252 9 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 252 10 is be AUX arjefm-91 252 11 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 252 12 to to ADP arjefm-91 252 13 the the DET arjefm-91 252 14 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 252 15 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 252 16 market market NOUN arjefm-91 252 17 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 252 18 indicated indicate VERB arjefm-91 252 19 by by ADP arjefm-91 252 20 the the DET arjefm-91 252 21 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 252 22 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 252 23 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 252 24 in in ADP arjefm-91 252 25 this this DET arjefm-91 252 26 study study NOUN arjefm-91 252 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 253 1 table table NOUN arjefm-91 253 2 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 253 3 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 253 4 a a DET arjefm-91 253 5 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 253 6 association association NOUN arjefm-91 253 7 between between ADP arjefm-91 253 8 market market NOUN arjefm-91 253 9 values value NOUN arjefm-91 253 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 253 11 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 253 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 253 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 253 14 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 253 15 ’ ’ PART arjefm-91 253 16 expenditures expenditure NOUN arjefm-91 253 17 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 253 18 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 253 19 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 253 20 from from ADP arjefm-91 253 21 the the DET arjefm-91 253 22 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 253 23 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 253 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 253 25 0.0181 0.0181 NUM arjefm-91 253 26 which which PRON arjefm-91 253 27 is be AUX arjefm-91 253 28 not not PART arjefm-91 253 29 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 253 30 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 253 31 at at ADP arjefm-91 253 32 all all DET arjefm-91 253 33 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 253 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 253 35 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 253 36 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 253 37 p p NOUN arjefm-91 253 38 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 253 39 value value NOUN arjefm-91 253 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 253 41 0.8486 0.8486 NUM arjefm-91 253 42 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 253 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 254 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 255 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 256 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 256 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 256 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 256 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 256 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 256 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 256 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 256 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 256 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 256 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 256 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 256 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 256 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 256 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 256 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 256 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 256 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 256 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 256 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 256 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 256 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 256 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 256 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 256 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 256 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 256 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 256 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 256 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 256 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 256 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 256 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 256 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 256 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 256 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 257 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 257 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 257 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 257 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 257 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 257 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 257 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 257 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 257 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 257 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 257 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 257 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 257 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 257 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 257 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 257 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 257 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 257 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 257 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 257 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 257 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 258 1 14 14 NUM arjefm-91 259 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 259 2 p p X arjefm-91 259 3 a a DET arjefm-91 259 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 259 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 259 6 this this DET arjefm-91 259 7 result result NOUN arjefm-91 259 8 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 259 9 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 259 10 market market NOUN arjefm-91 259 11 does do AUX arjefm-91 259 12 not not PART arjefm-91 259 13 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 259 14 respond respond VERB arjefm-91 259 15 to to ADP arjefm-91 259 16 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 259 17 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 259 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 259 19 the the DET arjefm-91 259 20 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 259 21 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 259 22 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 259 23 during during ADP arjefm-91 259 24 the the DET arjefm-91 259 25 period period NOUN arjefm-91 259 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 259 27 the the DET arjefm-91 259 28 study study NOUN arjefm-91 259 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 259 30 in in ADP arjefm-91 259 31 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 259 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 259 33 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 259 34 ’ ’ PART arjefm-91 259 35 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 259 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 260 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 260 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 260 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 260 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 260 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 260 6 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 260 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 260 8 employee employee NOUN arjefm-91 260 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 260 10 not not PART arjefm-91 260 11 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 260 12 to to ADP arjefm-91 260 13 the the DET arjefm-91 260 14 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 260 15 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 260 16 market market NOUN arjefm-91 260 17 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 260 18 indicated indicate VERB arjefm-91 260 19 by by ADP arjefm-91 260 20 the the DET arjefm-91 260 21 insignificant insignificant ADJ arjefm-91 260 22 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 260 23 in in ADP arjefm-91 260 24 this this DET arjefm-91 260 25 study study NOUN arjefm-91 260 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 261 1 however however ADV arjefm-91 261 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 261 3 the the DET arjefm-91 261 4 results result NOUN arjefm-91 261 5 from from ADP arjefm-91 261 6 the the DET arjefm-91 261 7 table table NOUN arjefm-91 261 8 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 261 9 a a DET arjefm-91 261 10 strong strong ADJ arjefm-91 261 11 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 261 12 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 261 13 association association NOUN arjefm-91 261 14 between between ADP arjefm-91 261 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 261 16 values value NOUN arjefm-91 261 17 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 261 18 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 261 19 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 261 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 261 21 shareholders shareholder NOUN arjefm-91 261 22 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 261 23 value value NOUN arjefm-91 261 24 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 261 25 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 261 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 261 27 from from ADP arjefm-91 261 28 the the DET arjefm-91 261 29 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 261 30 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 261 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 261 32 0.7622 0.7622 NUM arjefm-91 261 33 which which PRON arjefm-91 261 34 is be AUX arjefm-91 261 35 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 261 36 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 261 37 at at ADP arjefm-91 261 38 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 261 39 % % NOUN arjefm-91 261 40 level level NOUN arjefm-91 261 41 of of ADP arjefm-91 261 42 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 261 43 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 261 44 p p NOUN arjefm-91 261 45 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 261 46 value value NOUN arjefm-91 261 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 261 48 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 261 49 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 261 50 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 262 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 262 2 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 262 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 262 4 market market NOUN arjefm-91 262 5 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 262 6 responded respond VERB arjefm-91 262 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 262 8 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 262 9 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 262 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 262 11 the the DET arjefm-91 262 12 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 262 13 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 262 14 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 262 15 during during ADP arjefm-91 262 16 the the DET arjefm-91 262 17 period period NOUN arjefm-91 262 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 262 19 the the DET arjefm-91 262 20 study study NOUN arjefm-91 262 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 262 22 in in ADP arjefm-91 262 23 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 262 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 262 25 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 262 26 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 262 27 wealth wealth NOUN arjefm-91 262 28 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 262 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 263 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 263 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 263 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 263 4 csr csr X arjefm-91 263 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 263 6 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 263 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 263 8 generating generate VERB arjefm-91 263 9 value value NOUN arjefm-91 263 10 to to ADP arjefm-91 263 11 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 263 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 263 13 the the DET arjefm-91 263 14 business business NOUN arjefm-91 263 15 is be AUX arjefm-91 263 16 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 263 17 to to ADP arjefm-91 263 18 the the DET arjefm-91 263 19 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 263 20 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 263 21 market market NOUN arjefm-91 263 22 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 263 23 indicated indicate VERB arjefm-91 263 24 by by ADP arjefm-91 263 25 the the DET arjefm-91 263 26 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 263 27 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 263 28 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 263 29 in in ADP arjefm-91 263 30 this this DET arjefm-91 263 31 study study NOUN arjefm-91 263 32 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 264 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 264 2 the the DET arjefm-91 264 3 contrary contrary NOUN arjefm-91 264 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 264 5 the the DET arjefm-91 264 6 results result NOUN arjefm-91 264 7 from from ADP arjefm-91 264 8 the the DET arjefm-91 264 9 table table NOUN arjefm-91 264 10 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 264 11 a a DET arjefm-91 264 12 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 264 13 negative negative ADJ arjefm-91 264 14 association association NOUN arjefm-91 264 15 between between ADP arjefm-91 264 16 market market NOUN arjefm-91 264 17 values value NOUN arjefm-91 264 18 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 264 19 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 264 20 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 264 21 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 264 22 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 264 23 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 264 24 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 264 25 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 264 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 264 27 from from ADP arjefm-91 264 28 the the DET arjefm-91 264 29 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 264 30 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 264 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 264 32 -0.1891 -0.1891 NOUN arjefm-91 264 33 which which PRON arjefm-91 264 34 is be AUX arjefm-91 264 35 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 264 36 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 264 37 at at ADP arjefm-91 264 38 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 264 39 % % NOUN arjefm-91 264 40 level level NOUN arjefm-91 264 41 of of ADP arjefm-91 264 42 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 264 43 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 264 44 p p NOUN arjefm-91 264 45 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 264 46 value value NOUN arjefm-91 264 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 264 48 0.0440 0.0440 NUM arjefm-91 264 49 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 264 50 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 265 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 265 2 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 265 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 265 4 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 265 5 restrained restrain VERB arjefm-91 265 6 when when SCONJ arjefm-91 265 7 there there PRON arjefm-91 265 8 is be VERB arjefm-91 265 9 high high ADJ arjefm-91 265 10 regulation regulation NOUN arjefm-91 265 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 265 12 this this PRON arjefm-91 265 13 could could AUX arjefm-91 265 14 affect affect VERB arjefm-91 265 15 market market NOUN arjefm-91 265 16 values value NOUN arjefm-91 265 17 negatively negatively ADV arjefm-91 265 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 266 1 lastly lastly ADV arjefm-91 266 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 266 3 the the DET arjefm-91 266 4 result result NOUN arjefm-91 266 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 266 6 a a DET arjefm-91 266 7 lack lack NOUN arjefm-91 266 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 266 9 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 266 10 association association NOUN arjefm-91 266 11 between between ADP arjefm-91 266 12 market market NOUN arjefm-91 266 13 values value NOUN arjefm-91 266 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 266 15 mktval mktval NOUN arjefm-91 266 16 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 266 17 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 266 18 the the DET arjefm-91 266 19 type type NOUN arjefm-91 266 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 266 21 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 266 22 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 266 23 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 266 24 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 266 25 from from ADP arjefm-91 266 26 the the DET arjefm-91 266 27 correlation correlation NOUN arjefm-91 266 28 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 266 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 266 30 -0.0375 -0.0375 NOUN arjefm-91 266 31 which which PRON arjefm-91 266 32 is be AUX arjefm-91 266 33 not not PART arjefm-91 266 34 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 266 35 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 266 36 at at ADP arjefm-91 266 37 all all DET arjefm-91 266 38 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 266 39 of of ADP arjefm-91 266 40 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 266 41 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 266 42 p p NOUN arjefm-91 266 43 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 266 44 value value NOUN arjefm-91 266 45 of of ADP arjefm-91 266 46 0.6923 0.6923 NUM arjefm-91 266 47 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 266 48 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 267 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 267 2 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 267 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 267 4 the the DET arjefm-91 267 5 market market NOUN arjefm-91 267 6 does do AUX arjefm-91 267 7 not not PART arjefm-91 267 8 consider consider VERB arjefm-91 267 9 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 267 10 in in ADP arjefm-91 267 11 the the DET arjefm-91 267 12 valuation valuation NOUN arjefm-91 267 13 of of ADP arjefm-91 267 14 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 267 15 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 268 1 following follow VERB arjefm-91 268 2 the the DET arjefm-91 268 3 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 268 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 268 5 the the DET arjefm-91 268 6 relationships relationship NOUN arjefm-91 268 7 among among ADP arjefm-91 268 8 the the DET arjefm-91 268 9 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 268 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 268 11 the the DET arjefm-91 268 12 study study NOUN arjefm-91 268 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 268 14 the the DET arjefm-91 268 15 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 268 16 results result VERB arjefm-91 268 17 from from ADP arjefm-91 268 18 which which PRON arjefm-91 268 19 the the DET arjefm-91 268 20 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 268 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 268 22 the the DET arjefm-91 268 23 study study NOUN arjefm-91 268 24 are be AUX arjefm-91 268 25 tested test VERB arjefm-91 268 26 are be AUX arjefm-91 268 27 presented present VERB arjefm-91 268 28 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 268 29 analyzed analyze VERB arjefm-91 268 30 in in ADP arjefm-91 268 31 the the DET arjefm-91 268 32 following follow VERB arjefm-91 268 33 section section NOUN arjefm-91 268 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 269 1 4.3 4.3 NUM arjefm-91 269 2 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 269 3 results result NOUN arjefm-91 269 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 269 5 the the DET arjefm-91 269 6 model model NOUN arjefm-91 269 7 this this DET arjefm-91 269 8 section section NOUN arjefm-91 269 9 presents present VERB arjefm-91 269 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 269 11 analyzes analyze VERB arjefm-91 269 12 the the DET arjefm-91 269 13 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 269 14 results result NOUN arjefm-91 269 15 of of ADP arjefm-91 269 16 the the DET arjefm-91 269 17 model model NOUN arjefm-91 269 18 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 269 19 presented present VERB arjefm-91 269 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 269 21 table table NOUN arjefm-91 269 22 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 269 23 below below ADV arjefm-91 269 24 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 269 25 table table NOUN arjefm-91 269 26 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 269 27 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 269 28 summary summary NOUN arjefm-91 269 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 269 30 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 269 31 regression regression NOUN arjefm-91 269 32 results result NOUN arjefm-91 269 33 of of ADP arjefm-91 269 34 the the DET arjefm-91 269 35 model model NOUN arjefm-91 269 36 variables variable VERB arjefm-91 269 37 statistics statistic NOUN arjefm-91 269 38 p p NOUN arjefm-91 269 39 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 269 40 values value NOUN arjefm-91 269 41 r2 r2 NOUN arjefm-91 269 42 0.9581 0.9581 NUM arjefm-91 269 43 adjusted adjust VERB arjefm-91 269 44 r2 r2 NOUN arjefm-91 269 45 0.9558 0.9558 NUM arjefm-91 269 46 f f X arjefm-91 269 47 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 269 48 statistic statistic NOUN arjefm-91 269 49 408.06 408.06 NUM arjefm-91 269 50 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 269 51 hettest hettest NOUN arjefm-91 269 52 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 269 53 chi2 chi2 NOUN arjefm-91 269 54 2.66 2.66 NUM arjefm-91 270 1 0.1027 0.1027 NUM arjefm-91 270 2 mean mean NOUN arjefm-91 270 3 vif vif NOUN arjefm-91 270 4 2.52 2.52 NUM arjefm-91 270 5 random random ADJ arjefm-91 270 6 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 270 7 test test NOUN arjefm-91 270 8 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 270 9 chibar2 chibar2 NOUN arjefm-91 270 10 0.62 0.62 NUM arjefm-91 270 11 0.2157 0.2157 NUM arjefm-91 270 12 source source NOUN arjefm-91 270 13 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 270 14 stata stata NOUN arjefm-91 270 15 output output NOUN arjefm-91 270 16 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 270 17 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 270 18 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 270 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 270 20 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 270 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 270 22 7 7 NUM arjefm-91 270 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 270 24 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 270 25 9 9 NUM arjefm-91 270 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 270 27 this this DET arjefm-91 270 28 study study NOUN arjefm-91 270 29 adopts adopt VERB arjefm-91 270 30 panel panel NOUN arjefm-91 270 31 data datum NOUN arjefm-91 270 32 which which PRON arjefm-91 270 33 does do AUX arjefm-91 270 34 not not PART arjefm-91 270 35 usually usually ADV arjefm-91 270 36 meet meet VERB arjefm-91 270 37 all all DET arjefm-91 270 38 the the DET arjefm-91 270 39 classical classical ADJ arjefm-91 270 40 assumptions assumption NOUN arjefm-91 270 41 of of ADP arjefm-91 270 42 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 270 43 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 270 44 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 270 45 such such DET arjefm-91 270 46 the the DET arjefm-91 270 47 study study NOUN arjefm-91 270 48 subjected subject VERB arjefm-91 270 49 the the DET arjefm-91 270 50 model model NOUN arjefm-91 270 51 to to ADP arjefm-91 270 52 some some DET arjefm-91 270 53 robustness robustness NOUN arjefm-91 270 54 tests test NOUN arjefm-91 270 55 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 271 1 the the DET arjefm-91 271 2 results result NOUN arjefm-91 271 3 in in ADP arjefm-91 271 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 271 5 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 271 6 show show VERB arjefm-91 271 7 an an DET arjefm-91 271 8 absence absence NOUN arjefm-91 271 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 271 10 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NOUN arjefm-91 271 11 in in ADP arjefm-91 271 12 the the DET arjefm-91 271 13 panel panel NOUN arjefm-91 271 14 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 271 15 indicated indicate VERB arjefm-91 271 16 by by ADP arjefm-91 271 17 the the DET arjefm-91 271 18 breuch breuch ADJ arjefm-91 271 19 pagan pagan ADJ arjefm-91 271 20 / / SYM arjefm-91 271 21 cook cook PROPN arjefm-91 271 22 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 271 23 weisberg weisberg PROPN arjefm-91 271 24 test test NOUN arjefm-91 271 25 for for ADP arjefm-91 271 26 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NOUN arjefm-91 271 27 chi2 chi2 NOUN arjefm-91 271 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 271 29 2.66 2.66 NUM arjefm-91 271 30 with with ADP arjefm-91 271 31 pvalue pvalue NOUN arjefm-91 271 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 271 33 0.1027 0.1027 NUM arjefm-91 271 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 272 1 that that PRON arjefm-91 272 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 272 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 272 4 the the DET arjefm-91 272 5 null null ADJ arjefm-91 272 6 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 272 7 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 272 8 the the DET arjefm-91 272 9 variance variance NOUN arjefm-91 272 10 of of ADP arjefm-91 272 11 the the DET arjefm-91 272 12 residuals residual NOUN arjefm-91 272 13 is be AUX arjefm-91 272 14 constant constant ADJ arjefm-91 272 15 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 272 16 homocedastic homocedastic ADJ arjefm-91 272 17 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 272 18 is be AUX arjefm-91 272 19 not not PART arjefm-91 272 20 rejected reject VERB arjefm-91 272 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 273 1 homocedasticity homocedasticity NOUN arjefm-91 273 2 is be AUX arjefm-91 273 3 an an DET arjefm-91 273 4 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 273 5 assumption assumption NOUN arjefm-91 273 6 that that PRON arjefm-91 273 7 usually usually ADV arjefm-91 273 8 leads lead VERB arjefm-91 273 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 273 10 best good ADJ arjefm-91 273 11 linear linear ADJ arjefm-91 273 12 unbiased unbiased ADJ arjefm-91 273 13 estimators estimator NOUN arjefm-91 273 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 273 15 blue blue ADJ arjefm-91 273 16 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 273 17 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 274 1 moreover moreover ADV arjefm-91 274 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 274 3 the the DET arjefm-91 274 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 274 5 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 274 6 the the DET arjefm-91 274 7 absence absence NOUN arjefm-91 274 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 274 9 the the DET arjefm-91 274 10 perfect perfect ADJ arjefm-91 274 11 multicolinearity multicolinearity NOUN arjefm-91 274 12 among among ADP arjefm-91 274 13 the the DET arjefm-91 274 14 explanatory explanatory ADJ arjefm-91 274 15 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 274 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 274 17 as as SCONJ arjefm-91 274 18 shown show VERB arjefm-91 274 19 by by ADP arjefm-91 274 20 the the DET arjefm-91 274 21 mean mean ADJ arjefm-91 274 22 variance variance NOUN arjefm-91 274 23 inflation inflation NOUN arjefm-91 274 24 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 274 25 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 274 26 vif vif NOUN arjefm-91 274 27 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 274 28 of of ADP arjefm-91 274 29 2.52 2.52 NUM arjefm-91 274 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 275 1 the the DET arjefm-91 275 2 decision decision NOUN arjefm-91 275 3 criterion criterion NOUN arjefm-91 275 4 for for ADP arjefm-91 275 5 the the DET arjefm-91 275 6 vif vif NOUN arjefm-91 275 7 is be AUX arjefm-91 275 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 275 9 a a DET arjefm-91 275 10 value value NOUN arjefm-91 275 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 275 12 10 10 NUM arjefm-91 275 13 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 275 14 above above ADV arjefm-91 275 15 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 275 16 the the DET arjefm-91 275 17 presence presence NOUN arjefm-91 275 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 275 19 perfect perfect ADJ arjefm-91 275 20 collinearity collinearity NOUN arjefm-91 275 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 276 1 on on ADP arjefm-91 276 2 the the DET arjefm-91 276 3 other other ADJ arjefm-91 276 4 hand hand NOUN arjefm-91 276 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 6 the the DET arjefm-91 276 7 table table NOUN arjefm-91 276 8 shows show VERB arjefm-91 276 9 from from ADP arjefm-91 276 10 the the DET arjefm-91 276 11 result result NOUN arjefm-91 276 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 13 random random ADJ arjefm-91 276 14 effect effect NOUN arjefm-91 276 15 test test NOUN arjefm-91 276 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 17 breusch breusch NOUN arjefm-91 276 18 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 276 19 pagan pagan VERB arjefm-91 276 20 lagrangian lagrangian ADJ arjefm-91 276 21 multiplier multipli ADJ arjefm-91 276 22 test test NOUN arjefm-91 276 23 for for ADP arjefm-91 276 24 random random ADJ arjefm-91 276 25 effects effect NOUN arjefm-91 276 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 27 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 276 28 there there PRON arjefm-91 276 29 is be VERB arjefm-91 276 30 no no DET arjefm-91 276 31 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 276 32 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 276 33 variance variance NOUN arjefm-91 276 34 among among ADP arjefm-91 276 35 the the DET arjefm-91 276 36 units unit NOUN arjefm-91 276 37 in in ADP arjefm-91 276 38 the the DET arjefm-91 276 39 panel panel NOUN arjefm-91 276 40 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 276 41 chibar2 chibar2 NOUN arjefm-91 276 42 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 43 0.62 0.62 NUM arjefm-91 276 44 with with ADP arjefm-91 276 45 p p NOUN arjefm-91 276 46 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 276 47 value value NOUN arjefm-91 276 48 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 49 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 276 50 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 276 51 american american PROPN arjefm-91 276 52 research research PROPN arjefm-91 276 53 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 276 54 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 55 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 276 56 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 57 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 276 58 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 276 59 management management NOUN arjefm-91 276 60 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 276 61 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 276 62 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 276 63 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 276 64 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 65 october october PROPN arjefm-91 276 66 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 276 67 december december PROPN arjefm-91 276 68 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 276 69 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 276 70 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 276 71 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 276 72 - - SYM arjefm-91 276 73 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 276 74 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 276 75 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 276 76 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 276 77 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 276 78 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 276 79 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 276 80 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 276 81 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 276 82 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 83 email email NOUN arjefm-91 276 84 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 276 85 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 276 86 official official ADJ arjefm-91 276 87 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 276 88 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 89 america america PROPN arjefm-91 276 90 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 276 91 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 276 92 american american PROPN arjefm-91 276 93 research research PROPN arjefm-91 276 94 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 276 95 of of ADP arjefm-91 276 96 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 276 97 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 98 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 276 99 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 276 100 management management NOUN arjefm-91 276 101 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 276 102 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 276 103 email email NOUN arjefm-91 276 104 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 277 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 277 2 15 15 NUM arjefm-91 278 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 278 2 p p X arjefm-91 278 3 a a DET arjefm-91 278 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 278 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 278 6 0.2157 0.2157 NUM arjefm-91 278 7 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 278 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 278 9 implying imply VERB arjefm-91 278 10 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 278 11 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 278 12 technique technique NOUN arjefm-91 278 13 is be AUX arjefm-91 278 14 the the DET arjefm-91 278 15 most most ADV arjefm-91 278 16 appropriate appropriate ADJ arjefm-91 278 17 for for ADP arjefm-91 278 18 the the DET arjefm-91 278 19 study study NOUN arjefm-91 278 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 279 1 table table NOUN arjefm-91 279 2 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 279 3 indicate indicate VERB arjefm-91 279 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 279 5 the the DET arjefm-91 279 6 explanatory explanatory ADJ arjefm-91 279 7 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 279 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 9 the the DET arjefm-91 279 10 study study NOUN arjefm-91 279 11 explained explain VERB arjefm-91 279 12 95.58 95.58 NUM arjefm-91 279 13 % % NOUN arjefm-91 279 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 15 the the DET arjefm-91 279 16 total total ADJ arjefm-91 279 17 variations variation NOUN arjefm-91 279 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 279 19 the the DET arjefm-91 279 20 dependent dependent ADJ arjefm-91 279 21 variable variable NOUN arjefm-91 279 22 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 279 23 market market NOUN arjefm-91 279 24 values value NOUN arjefm-91 279 25 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 279 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 27 the the DET arjefm-91 279 28 sample sample NOUN arjefm-91 279 29 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 279 30 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 279 31 during during ADP arjefm-91 279 32 the the DET arjefm-91 279 33 period period NOUN arjefm-91 279 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 35 the the DET arjefm-91 279 36 study study NOUN arjefm-91 279 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 279 38 from from ADP arjefm-91 279 39 the the DET arjefm-91 279 40 adjusted adjust VERB arjefm-91 279 41 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 279 42 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 43 determinations determination NOUN arjefm-91 279 44 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 279 45 adjusted adjusted ADJ arjefm-91 279 46 r2 r2 NOUN arjefm-91 279 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 279 48 0.9558 0.9558 NUM arjefm-91 279 49 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 279 50 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 280 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 280 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 280 3 the the DET arjefm-91 280 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 280 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 280 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 280 7 the the DET arjefm-91 280 8 model model NOUN arjefm-91 280 9 is be AUX arjefm-91 280 10 fit fit ADJ arjefm-91 280 11 from from ADP arjefm-91 280 12 the the DET arjefm-91 280 13 f f NOUN arjefm-91 280 14 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 280 15 statistic statistic NOUN arjefm-91 280 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 280 17 408.06 408.06 NUM arjefm-91 280 18 which which PRON arjefm-91 280 19 is be AUX arjefm-91 280 20 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 280 21 at at ADP arjefm-91 280 22 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 280 23 % % NOUN arjefm-91 280 24 level level NOUN arjefm-91 280 25 of of ADP arjefm-91 280 26 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 280 27 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 280 28 p p NOUN arjefm-91 280 29 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 280 30 value value NOUN arjefm-91 280 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 280 32 0.0000 0.0000 NUM arjefm-91 280 33 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 280 34 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 281 1 following follow VERB arjefm-91 281 2 the the DET arjefm-91 281 3 fitness fitness NOUN arjefm-91 281 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 281 5 the the DET arjefm-91 281 6 model model NOUN arjefm-91 281 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 281 8 test test NOUN arjefm-91 281 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 281 10 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 281 11 formulated formulate VERB arjefm-91 281 12 in in ADP arjefm-91 281 13 this this DET arjefm-91 281 14 study study NOUN arjefm-91 281 15 is be AUX arjefm-91 281 16 conducted conduct VERB arjefm-91 281 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 281 18 the the DET arjefm-91 281 19 following follow VERB arjefm-91 281 20 section section NOUN arjefm-91 281 21 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 282 1 4.4 4.4 NUM arjefm-91 282 2 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 282 3 testing test VERB arjefm-91 282 4 the the DET arjefm-91 282 5 study study NOUN arjefm-91 282 6 tests test VERB arjefm-91 282 7 the the DET arjefm-91 282 8 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 282 9 formulated formulate VERB arjefm-91 282 10 for for ADP arjefm-91 282 11 the the DET arjefm-91 282 12 study study NOUN arjefm-91 282 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 282 14 table table NOUN arjefm-91 282 15 4.7 4.7 NUM arjefm-91 282 16 presents present VERB arjefm-91 282 17 the the DET arjefm-91 282 18 coefficients coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 282 19 of of ADP arjefm-91 282 20 the the DET arjefm-91 282 21 variables variable NOUN arjefm-91 282 22 of of ADP arjefm-91 282 23 the the DET arjefm-91 282 24 study study NOUN arjefm-91 282 25 from from ADP arjefm-91 282 26 which which PRON arjefm-91 282 27 the the DET arjefm-91 282 28 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 282 29 are be AUX arjefm-91 282 30 tested test VERB arjefm-91 282 31 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 283 1 table table NOUN arjefm-91 283 2 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 283 3 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 283 4 ols ol NOUN arjefm-91 283 5 estimators estimator NOUN arjefm-91 283 6 variables variable VERB arjefm-91 283 7 coefficients coefficient VERB arjefm-91 283 8 t t NOUN arjefm-91 283 9 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 283 10 values value NOUN arjefm-91 283 11 p p NOUN arjefm-91 283 12 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 283 13 values value NOUN arjefm-91 283 14 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 283 15 0.5879 0.5879 NUM arjefm-91 283 16 15.24 15.24 NUM arjefm-91 283 17 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 283 18 envron envron VERB arjefm-91 283 19 0.6692 0.6692 NUM arjefm-91 283 20 10.63 10.63 NUM arjefm-91 283 21 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 283 22 employ employ NOUN arjefm-91 283 23 -0.0057 -0.0057 VERB arjefm-91 283 24 -0.29 -0.29 NOUN arjefm-91 283 25 0.771 0.771 NUM arjefm-91 283 26 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 283 27 0.3964 0.3964 NUM arjefm-91 283 28 8.63 8.63 NUM arjefm-91 283 29 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 283 30 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 283 31 0.0044 0.0044 NUM arjefm-91 283 32 0.39 0.39 NUM arjefm-91 283 33 0.695 0.695 NUM arjefm-91 283 34 indtry indtry NOUN arjefm-91 283 35 0.0068 0.0068 NUM arjefm-91 283 36 1.46 1.46 NUM arjefm-91 283 37 0.146 0.146 NUM arjefm-91 283 38 constant constant ADJ arjefm-91 283 39 0.0049 0.0049 NUM arjefm-91 283 40 0.55 0.55 NUM arjefm-91 283 41 0.584 0.584 NUM arjefm-91 283 42 source source NOUN arjefm-91 283 43 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 283 44 stata stata NOUN arjefm-91 283 45 output output NOUN arjefm-91 283 46 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 283 47 appendix appendix NOUN arjefm-91 283 48 5 5 NUM arjefm-91 283 49 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 283 50 the the DET arjefm-91 283 51 results result NOUN arjefm-91 283 52 from from ADP arjefm-91 283 53 table table NOUN arjefm-91 283 54 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 283 55 show show NOUN arjefm-91 283 56 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 283 57 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 283 58 on on ADP arjefm-91 283 59 society society NOUN arjefm-91 283 60 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 283 61 socty socty NOUN arjefm-91 283 62 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 283 63 has have VERB arjefm-91 283 64 a a DET arjefm-91 283 65 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 283 66 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 283 67 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 283 68 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 283 69 on on ADP arjefm-91 283 70 the the DET arjefm-91 283 71 market market NOUN arjefm-91 283 72 values value NOUN arjefm-91 283 73 of of ADP arjefm-91 283 74 listed list VERB arjefm-91 283 75 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 283 76 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 283 77 in in ADP arjefm-91 283 78 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 283 79 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 283 80 from from ADP arjefm-91 283 81 the the DET arjefm-91 283 82 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 283 83 of of ADP arjefm-91 283 84 0.5879 0.5879 NUM arjefm-91 283 85 with with ADP arjefm-91 283 86 tvalue tvalue NOUN arjefm-91 283 87 of of ADP arjefm-91 283 88 15.24 15.24 NUM arjefm-91 283 89 which which PRON arjefm-91 283 90 is be AUX arjefm-91 283 91 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 283 92 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 283 93 at at ADP arjefm-91 283 94 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 283 95 % % NOUN arjefm-91 283 96 level level NOUN arjefm-91 283 97 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 283 98 p p NOUN arjefm-91 283 99 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 283 100 value value NOUN arjefm-91 283 101 of of ADP arjefm-91 283 102 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 283 103 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 283 104 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 284 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 284 2 suggests suggest VERB arjefm-91 284 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 284 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 284 5 a a DET arjefm-91 284 6 n1 n1 ADJ arjefm-91 284 7 increase increase NOUN arjefm-91 284 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 284 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 284 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 284 11 society society NOUN arjefm-91 284 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 284 13 market market NOUN arjefm-91 284 14 value value NOUN arjefm-91 284 15 increases increase NOUN arjefm-91 284 16 by by ADP arjefm-91 284 17 58.79k 58.79k NUM arjefm-91 284 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 284 19 this this PRON arjefm-91 284 20 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 284 21 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 284 22 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 284 23 on on ADP arjefm-91 284 24 society society NOUN arjefm-91 284 25 is be AUX arjefm-91 284 26 valued value VERB arjefm-91 284 27 by by ADP arjefm-91 284 28 the the DET arjefm-91 284 29 market market NOUN arjefm-91 284 30 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 285 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 285 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 285 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 285 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 285 5 the the DET arjefm-91 285 6 study study NOUN arjefm-91 285 7 rejects reject VERB arjefm-91 285 8 the the DET arjefm-91 285 9 null null ADJ arjefm-91 285 10 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 285 11 one one NUM arjefm-91 285 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 285 13 h01 h01 NOUN arjefm-91 285 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 285 15 which which PRON arjefm-91 285 16 states state VERB arjefm-91 285 17 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 285 18 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 285 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 285 20 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 285 21 on on ADP arjefm-91 285 22 society society NOUN arjefm-91 285 23 has have VERB arjefm-91 285 24 no no DET arjefm-91 285 25 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 285 26 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 285 27 on on ADP arjefm-91 285 28 the the DET arjefm-91 285 29 market market NOUN arjefm-91 285 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 285 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 285 32 listed list VERB arjefm-91 285 33 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 285 34 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 285 35 in in ADP arjefm-91 285 36 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 285 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 286 1 the the DET arjefm-91 286 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 286 3 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 286 4 infers infer VERB arjefm-91 286 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 286 6 market market NOUN arjefm-91 286 7 response response NOUN arjefm-91 286 8 positively positively ADV arjefm-91 286 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 286 10 the the DET arjefm-91 286 11 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 286 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 286 13 society society NOUN arjefm-91 286 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 286 15 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 286 16 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 287 1 table table NOUN arjefm-91 287 2 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 287 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 287 4 shows show VERB arjefm-91 287 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 287 6 csr csr X arjefm-91 287 7 on on ADP arjefm-91 287 8 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 287 9 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 287 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 287 11 envron envron PROPN arjefm-91 287 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 287 13 has have VERB arjefm-91 287 14 a a DET arjefm-91 287 15 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 287 16 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 287 17 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 287 18 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 287 19 on on ADP arjefm-91 287 20 the the DET arjefm-91 287 21 market market NOUN arjefm-91 287 22 values value NOUN arjefm-91 287 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 287 24 listed list VERB arjefm-91 287 25 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 287 26 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 287 27 in in ADP arjefm-91 287 28 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 287 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 287 30 from from ADP arjefm-91 287 31 the the DET arjefm-91 287 32 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 287 33 of of ADP arjefm-91 287 34 0.6692 0.6692 NUM arjefm-91 287 35 with with ADP arjefm-91 287 36 t t NOUN arjefm-91 287 37 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 287 38 value value NOUN arjefm-91 287 39 of of ADP arjefm-91 287 40 10.63 10.63 NUM arjefm-91 287 41 which which PRON arjefm-91 287 42 is be AUX arjefm-91 287 43 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 287 44 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 287 45 at at ADP arjefm-91 287 46 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 287 47 % % NOUN arjefm-91 287 48 level level NOUN arjefm-91 287 49 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 287 50 p p NOUN arjefm-91 287 51 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 287 52 value value NOUN arjefm-91 287 53 of of ADP arjefm-91 287 54 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 287 55 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 287 56 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 288 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 288 2 suggests suggest VERB arjefm-91 288 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 288 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 288 5 a a DET arjefm-91 288 6 n1 n1 ADJ arjefm-91 288 7 increase increase NOUN arjefm-91 288 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 288 9 csr csr X arjefm-91 288 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 288 11 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 288 12 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 288 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 288 14 market market NOUN arjefm-91 288 15 value value NOUN arjefm-91 288 16 increases increase NOUN arjefm-91 288 17 by by ADP arjefm-91 288 18 66.92k 66.92k PROPN arjefm-91 288 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 288 20 this this PRON arjefm-91 288 21 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 288 22 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 288 23 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 288 24 on on ADP arjefm-91 288 25 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 288 26 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 288 27 is be AUX arjefm-91 288 28 value value NOUN arjefm-91 288 29 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 288 30 to to ADP arjefm-91 288 31 the the DET arjefm-91 288 32 market market NOUN arjefm-91 288 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 289 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 289 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 289 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 289 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 289 5 the the DET arjefm-91 289 6 study study NOUN arjefm-91 289 7 rejects reject VERB arjefm-91 289 8 the the DET arjefm-91 289 9 null null ADJ arjefm-91 289 10 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 289 11 two two NUM arjefm-91 289 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 289 13 h02 h02 PROPN arjefm-91 289 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 289 15 which which PRON arjefm-91 289 16 states state VERB arjefm-91 289 17 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 289 18 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 289 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 289 20 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 289 21 on on ADP arjefm-91 289 22 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 289 23 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 289 24 has have VERB arjefm-91 289 25 no no DET arjefm-91 289 26 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 289 27 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 289 28 on on ADP arjefm-91 289 29 the the DET arjefm-91 289 30 market market NOUN arjefm-91 289 31 values value NOUN arjefm-91 289 32 of of ADP arjefm-91 289 33 listed list VERB arjefm-91 289 34 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 289 35 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 289 36 in in ADP arjefm-91 289 37 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 289 38 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 290 1 the the DET arjefm-91 290 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 290 3 infers infer NOUN arjefm-91 290 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 290 5 market market NOUN arjefm-91 290 6 response response NOUN arjefm-91 290 7 positively positively ADV arjefm-91 290 8 to to ADP arjefm-91 290 9 the the DET arjefm-91 290 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 290 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 290 12 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 290 13 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 290 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 290 15 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 290 16 during during ADP arjefm-91 290 17 the the DET arjefm-91 290 18 period period NOUN arjefm-91 290 19 covered cover VERB arjefm-91 290 20 by by ADP arjefm-91 290 21 the the DET arjefm-91 290 22 study study NOUN arjefm-91 290 23 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 291 1 moreover moreover ADV arjefm-91 291 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 291 3 table table NOUN arjefm-91 291 4 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 291 5 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 291 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 291 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 291 8 on on ADP arjefm-91 291 9 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 291 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 291 11 employ employ PROPN arjefm-91 291 12 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 291 13 has have VERB arjefm-91 291 14 a a DET arjefm-91 291 15 negative negative ADJ arjefm-91 291 16 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 291 17 on on ADP arjefm-91 291 18 the the DET arjefm-91 291 19 market market NOUN arjefm-91 291 20 values value NOUN arjefm-91 291 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 291 22 listed list VERB arjefm-91 291 23 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 291 24 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 291 25 in in ADP arjefm-91 291 26 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 291 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 291 28 from from ADP arjefm-91 291 29 the the DET arjefm-91 291 30 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 291 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 291 32 -0.0057 -0.0057 NOUN arjefm-91 291 33 with with ADP arjefm-91 291 34 t t NOUN arjefm-91 291 35 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 291 36 value value NOUN arjefm-91 291 37 of of ADP arjefm-91 291 38 -0.29 -0.29 NUM arjefm-91 291 39 which which PRON arjefm-91 291 40 is be AUX arjefm-91 291 41 not not PART arjefm-91 291 42 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 291 43 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 291 44 at at ADP arjefm-91 291 45 all all DET arjefm-91 291 46 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 291 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 291 48 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 291 49 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 291 50 p p NOUN arjefm-91 291 51 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 291 52 value value NOUN arjefm-91 291 53 of of ADP arjefm-91 291 54 0.771 0.771 NUM arjefm-91 291 55 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 291 56 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 292 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 292 2 suggests suggest VERB arjefm-91 292 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 292 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 292 5 a a DET arjefm-91 292 6 n1 n1 ADJ arjefm-91 292 7 increase increase NOUN arjefm-91 292 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 292 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 292 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 292 11 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 292 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 292 13 market market NOUN arjefm-91 292 14 value value NOUN arjefm-91 292 15 decreases decrease NOUN arjefm-91 292 16 by by ADP arjefm-91 292 17 00.57k 00.57k PROPN arjefm-91 292 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 292 19 but but CCONJ arjefm-91 292 20 is be AUX arjefm-91 292 21 not not PART arjefm-91 292 22 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 292 23 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 292 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 293 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 293 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 294 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 294 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 294 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 294 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 294 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 294 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 294 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 294 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 294 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 294 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 294 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 294 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 294 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 294 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 294 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 294 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 294 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 294 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 294 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 294 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 294 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 294 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 294 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 294 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 294 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 294 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 294 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 294 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 294 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 294 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 294 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 294 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 294 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 294 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 295 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 295 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 295 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 295 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 295 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 295 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 295 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 295 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 295 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 295 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 295 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 295 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 295 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 295 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 295 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 295 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 295 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 295 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 295 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 295 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 295 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 296 1 16 16 NUM arjefm-91 297 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 297 2 p p X arjefm-91 297 3 a a DET arjefm-91 297 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 297 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 297 6 based base VERB arjefm-91 297 7 on on ADP arjefm-91 297 8 this this PRON arjefm-91 297 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 297 10 the the DET arjefm-91 297 11 study study NOUN arjefm-91 297 12 failed fail VERB arjefm-91 297 13 to to PART arjefm-91 297 14 reject reject VERB arjefm-91 297 15 the the DET arjefm-91 297 16 null null ADJ arjefm-91 297 17 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 297 18 three three NUM arjefm-91 297 19 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 297 20 h03 h03 NOUN arjefm-91 297 21 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 297 22 which which PRON arjefm-91 297 23 states state VERB arjefm-91 297 24 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 297 25 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 297 26 social social ADJ arjefm-91 297 27 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 297 28 on on ADP arjefm-91 297 29 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 297 30 has have VERB arjefm-91 297 31 no no DET arjefm-91 297 32 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 297 33 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 297 34 on on ADP arjefm-91 297 35 the the DET arjefm-91 297 36 market market NOUN arjefm-91 297 37 values value NOUN arjefm-91 297 38 of of ADP arjefm-91 297 39 listed list VERB arjefm-91 297 40 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 297 41 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 297 42 in in ADP arjefm-91 297 43 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 297 44 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 298 1 the the DET arjefm-91 298 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 298 3 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 298 4 infers infer VERB arjefm-91 298 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 298 6 market market NOUN arjefm-91 298 7 did do AUX arjefm-91 298 8 not not PART arjefm-91 298 9 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 298 10 response response VERB arjefm-91 298 11 to to ADP arjefm-91 298 12 the the DET arjefm-91 298 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 298 14 on on ADP arjefm-91 298 15 the the DET arjefm-91 298 16 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 298 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 298 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 298 19 during during ADP arjefm-91 298 20 the the DET arjefm-91 298 21 period period NOUN arjefm-91 298 22 under under ADP arjefm-91 298 23 review review NOUN arjefm-91 298 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 299 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 299 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 299 3 the the DET arjefm-91 299 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 299 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 299 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 299 7 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 299 8 on on ADP arjefm-91 299 9 value value NOUN arjefm-91 299 10 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 299 11 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 299 12 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 299 13 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 299 14 has have VERB arjefm-91 299 15 a a DET arjefm-91 299 16 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 299 17 statistical statistical ADJ arjefm-91 299 18 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 299 19 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 299 20 on on ADP arjefm-91 299 21 the the DET arjefm-91 299 22 market market NOUN arjefm-91 299 23 values value NOUN arjefm-91 299 24 of of ADP arjefm-91 299 25 listed list VERB arjefm-91 299 26 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 299 27 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 299 28 in in ADP arjefm-91 299 29 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 299 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 299 31 from from ADP arjefm-91 299 32 the the DET arjefm-91 299 33 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 299 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 299 35 0.3964 0.3964 NUM arjefm-91 299 36 with with ADP arjefm-91 299 37 t t NOUN arjefm-91 299 38 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 299 39 value value NOUN arjefm-91 299 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 299 41 8.63 8.63 NUM arjefm-91 299 42 which which PRON arjefm-91 299 43 is be AUX arjefm-91 299 44 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 299 45 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 299 46 at at ADP arjefm-91 299 47 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 299 48 % % NOUN arjefm-91 299 49 level level NOUN arjefm-91 299 50 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 299 51 p p NOUN arjefm-91 299 52 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 299 53 value value NOUN arjefm-91 299 54 of of ADP arjefm-91 299 55 0.000 0.000 NUM arjefm-91 299 56 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 299 57 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 300 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 300 2 suggests suggest VERB arjefm-91 300 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 300 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 300 5 a a DET arjefm-91 300 6 n1 n1 ADJ arjefm-91 300 7 increase increase NOUN arjefm-91 300 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 300 9 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 300 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 300 11 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 300 12 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 300 13 value value NOUN arjefm-91 300 14 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 300 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 300 16 market market NOUN arjefm-91 300 17 value value NOUN arjefm-91 300 18 increases increase NOUN arjefm-91 300 19 by by ADP arjefm-91 300 20 39.64k 39.64k NUM arjefm-91 300 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 300 22 this this PRON arjefm-91 300 23 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 300 24 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 300 25 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 300 26 on on ADP arjefm-91 300 27 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 300 28 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 300 29 value value NOUN arjefm-91 300 30 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 300 31 is be AUX arjefm-91 300 32 value value NOUN arjefm-91 300 33 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 300 34 to to ADP arjefm-91 300 35 the the DET arjefm-91 300 36 market market NOUN arjefm-91 300 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 301 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 301 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 301 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 301 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 301 5 the the DET arjefm-91 301 6 study study NOUN arjefm-91 301 7 rejects reject VERB arjefm-91 301 8 the the DET arjefm-91 301 9 null null ADJ arjefm-91 301 10 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 301 11 four four NUM arjefm-91 301 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 301 13 h04 h04 NOUN arjefm-91 301 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 301 15 which which PRON arjefm-91 301 16 states state VERB arjefm-91 301 17 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 301 18 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 301 19 social social ADJ arjefm-91 301 20 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 301 21 on on ADP arjefm-91 301 22 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 301 23 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 301 24 value value NOUN arjefm-91 301 25 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 301 26 has have VERB arjefm-91 301 27 no no DET arjefm-91 301 28 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 301 29 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 301 30 on on ADP arjefm-91 301 31 the the DET arjefm-91 301 32 market market NOUN arjefm-91 301 33 values value NOUN arjefm-91 301 34 of of ADP arjefm-91 301 35 listed list VERB arjefm-91 301 36 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 301 37 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 301 38 in in ADP arjefm-91 301 39 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 301 40 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 302 1 the the DET arjefm-91 302 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 302 3 infers infer NOUN arjefm-91 302 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 302 5 market market NOUN arjefm-91 302 6 response response NOUN arjefm-91 302 7 positively positively ADV arjefm-91 302 8 to to ADP arjefm-91 302 9 the the DET arjefm-91 302 10 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 302 11 on on ADP arjefm-91 302 12 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 302 13 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 302 14 value value NOUN arjefm-91 302 15 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 302 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 302 17 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 302 18 during during ADP arjefm-91 302 19 the the DET arjefm-91 302 20 period period NOUN arjefm-91 302 21 covered cover VERB arjefm-91 302 22 by by ADP arjefm-91 302 23 the the DET arjefm-91 302 24 study study NOUN arjefm-91 302 25 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 303 1 table table NOUN arjefm-91 303 2 6 6 NUM arjefm-91 303 3 also also ADV arjefm-91 303 4 indicates indicate VERB arjefm-91 303 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 303 6 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 303 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 303 8 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 303 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 10 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 303 11 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 303 12 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 303 13 rcompl rcompl NOUN arjefm-91 303 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 303 15 has have VERB arjefm-91 303 16 a a DET arjefm-91 303 17 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 303 18 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 303 19 on on ADP arjefm-91 303 20 the the DET arjefm-91 303 21 market market NOUN arjefm-91 303 22 values value NOUN arjefm-91 303 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 24 listed list VERB arjefm-91 303 25 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 303 26 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 303 27 in in ADP arjefm-91 303 28 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 303 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 303 30 from from ADP arjefm-91 303 31 the the DET arjefm-91 303 32 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 303 33 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 34 0.0044 0.0044 NUM arjefm-91 303 35 with with ADP arjefm-91 303 36 tvalue tvalue NOUN arjefm-91 303 37 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 38 0.39 0.39 NUM arjefm-91 303 39 which which PRON arjefm-91 303 40 is be AUX arjefm-91 303 41 not not PART arjefm-91 303 42 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 303 43 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 303 44 at at ADP arjefm-91 303 45 all all DET arjefm-91 303 46 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 303 47 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 48 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 303 49 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 303 50 p p NOUN arjefm-91 303 51 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 303 52 value value NOUN arjefm-91 303 53 of of ADP arjefm-91 303 54 0.695 0.695 NUM arjefm-91 303 55 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 303 56 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 304 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 304 2 implies imply VERB arjefm-91 304 3 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 304 4 market market NOUN arjefm-91 304 5 did do AUX arjefm-91 304 6 not not PART arjefm-91 304 7 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 304 8 response response VERB arjefm-91 304 9 to to ADP arjefm-91 304 10 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 304 11 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 304 12 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 305 1 based base VERB arjefm-91 305 2 on on ADP arjefm-91 305 3 this this PRON arjefm-91 305 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 305 5 the the DET arjefm-91 305 6 study study NOUN arjefm-91 305 7 failed fail VERB arjefm-91 305 8 to to PART arjefm-91 305 9 reject reject VERB arjefm-91 305 10 the the DET arjefm-91 305 11 null null ADJ arjefm-91 305 12 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN arjefm-91 305 13 five five NUM arjefm-91 305 14 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 305 15 h05 h05 PROPN arjefm-91 305 16 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 305 17 which which PRON arjefm-91 305 18 states state VERB arjefm-91 305 19 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 305 20 compliance compliance NOUN arjefm-91 305 21 with with ADP arjefm-91 305 22 regulations regulation NOUN arjefm-91 305 23 has have VERB arjefm-91 305 24 no no DET arjefm-91 305 25 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 305 26 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 305 27 on on ADP arjefm-91 305 28 the the DET arjefm-91 305 29 market market NOUN arjefm-91 305 30 values value NOUN arjefm-91 305 31 of of ADP arjefm-91 305 32 listed list VERB arjefm-91 305 33 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 305 34 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 305 35 in in ADP arjefm-91 305 36 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 305 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 306 1 the the DET arjefm-91 306 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 306 3 therefore therefore ADV arjefm-91 306 4 infers infer VERB arjefm-91 306 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 306 6 market market NOUN arjefm-91 306 7 did do AUX arjefm-91 306 8 not not PART arjefm-91 306 9 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 306 10 response response VERB arjefm-91 306 11 to to ADP arjefm-91 306 12 the the DET arjefm-91 306 13 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 306 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 306 15 terms term NOUN arjefm-91 306 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 306 17 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 306 18 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 306 19 in in ADP arjefm-91 306 20 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 306 21 during during ADP arjefm-91 306 22 the the DET arjefm-91 306 23 period period NOUN arjefm-91 306 24 under under ADP arjefm-91 306 25 review review NOUN arjefm-91 306 26 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 307 1 similarly similarly ADV arjefm-91 307 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 307 3 the the DET arjefm-91 307 4 table table NOUN arjefm-91 307 5 shows show VERB arjefm-91 307 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 307 7 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 307 8 has have VERB arjefm-91 307 9 a a DET arjefm-91 307 10 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 307 11 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 307 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 307 13 the the DET arjefm-91 307 14 market market NOUN arjefm-91 307 15 values value NOUN arjefm-91 307 16 of of ADP arjefm-91 307 17 listed list VERB arjefm-91 307 18 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 307 19 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 307 20 in in ADP arjefm-91 307 21 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 307 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 307 23 from from ADP arjefm-91 307 24 the the DET arjefm-91 307 25 coefficient coefficient NOUN arjefm-91 307 26 of of ADP arjefm-91 307 27 0.0068 0.0068 NUM arjefm-91 307 28 with with ADP arjefm-91 307 29 tvalue tvalue NOUN arjefm-91 307 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 307 31 1.46 1.46 NUM arjefm-91 307 32 which which PRON arjefm-91 307 33 is be AUX arjefm-91 307 34 not not PART arjefm-91 307 35 statistically statistically ADV arjefm-91 307 36 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 307 37 at at ADP arjefm-91 307 38 all all DET arjefm-91 307 39 levels level NOUN arjefm-91 307 40 of of ADP arjefm-91 307 41 significance significance NOUN arjefm-91 307 42 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 307 43 p p NOUN arjefm-91 307 44 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 307 45 value value NOUN arjefm-91 307 46 of of ADP arjefm-91 307 47 0.146 0.146 NUM arjefm-91 307 48 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 307 49 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 308 1 these these DET arjefm-91 308 2 findings finding NOUN arjefm-91 308 3 implied imply VERB arjefm-91 308 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 308 5 there there PRON arjefm-91 308 6 are be VERB arjefm-91 308 7 social social ADJ arjefm-91 308 8 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 308 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 308 10 the the DET arjefm-91 308 11 nigerian nigerian ADJ arjefm-91 308 12 capital capital NOUN arjefm-91 308 13 market market NOUN arjefm-91 308 14 who who PRON arjefm-91 308 15 value value VERB arjefm-91 308 16 social social ADJ arjefm-91 308 17 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 308 18 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 308 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 309 1 the the DET arjefm-91 309 2 implication implication NOUN arjefm-91 309 3 here here ADV arjefm-91 309 4 is be AUX arjefm-91 309 5 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 309 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 309 7 if if SCONJ arjefm-91 309 8 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 309 9 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 309 10 would would AUX arjefm-91 309 11 continue continue VERB arjefm-91 309 12 to to PART arjefm-91 309 13 invest invest VERB arjefm-91 309 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 309 15 social social ADJ arjefm-91 309 16 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 309 17 especially especially ADV arjefm-91 309 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 309 19 the the DET arjefm-91 309 20 areas area NOUN arjefm-91 309 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 309 22 society society NOUN arjefm-91 309 23 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 309 24 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 309 25 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 309 26 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 309 27 wealth wealth NOUN arjefm-91 309 28 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 309 29 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 309 30 their their PRON arjefm-91 309 31 market market NOUN arjefm-91 309 32 values value NOUN arjefm-91 309 33 could could AUX arjefm-91 309 34 improved improve VERB arjefm-91 309 35 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 309 36 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 310 1 5.0 5.0 NUM arjefm-91 310 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN arjefm-91 310 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 310 4 recommendation recommendation NOUN arjefm-91 310 5 this this DET arjefm-91 310 6 paper paper NOUN arjefm-91 310 7 examined examine VERB arjefm-91 310 8 the the DET arjefm-91 310 9 how how SCONJ arjefm-91 310 10 market market NOUN arjefm-91 310 11 response response NOUN arjefm-91 310 12 to to ADP arjefm-91 310 13 the the DET arjefm-91 310 14 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 310 15 social social ADJ arjefm-91 310 16 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 310 17 activities activity NOUN arjefm-91 310 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 310 19 listed list VERB arjefm-91 310 20 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 310 21 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 310 22 in in ADP arjefm-91 310 23 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 310 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 311 1 from from ADP arjefm-91 311 2 the the DET arjefm-91 311 3 results result NOUN arjefm-91 311 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 311 5 the the DET arjefm-91 311 6 study study NOUN arjefm-91 311 7 concludes conclude VERB arjefm-91 311 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 311 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 311 10 social social ADJ arjefm-91 311 11 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 311 12 in in ADP arjefm-91 311 13 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 311 14 is be AUX arjefm-91 311 15 relevant relevant ADJ arjefm-91 311 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 311 17 informative informative ADJ arjefm-91 311 18 to to ADP arjefm-91 311 19 investors investor NOUN arjefm-91 311 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 312 1 especially especially ADV arjefm-91 312 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 312 3 the the DET arjefm-91 312 4 study study NOUN arjefm-91 312 5 concludes conclude VERB arjefm-91 312 6 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 312 7 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 312 8 social social ADJ arjefm-91 312 9 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 312 10 on on ADP arjefm-91 312 11 society society NOUN arjefm-91 312 12 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 312 13 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 312 14 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 312 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 312 16 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 312 17 ’ ' PUNCT arjefm-91 312 18 wealth wealth NOUN arjefm-91 312 19 maximization maximization NOUN arjefm-91 312 20 have have AUX arjefm-91 312 21 significantly significantly ADV arjefm-91 312 22 impacted impact VERB arjefm-91 312 23 on on ADP arjefm-91 312 24 the the DET arjefm-91 312 25 market market NOUN arjefm-91 312 26 values value NOUN arjefm-91 312 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 312 28 listed list VERB arjefm-91 312 29 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN arjefm-91 312 30 firms firm NOUN arjefm-91 312 31 at at ADP arjefm-91 312 32 99 99 NUM arjefm-91 312 33 % % NOUN arjefm-91 312 34 confidence confidence NOUN arjefm-91 312 35 level level NOUN arjefm-91 312 36 during during ADP arjefm-91 312 37 the the DET arjefm-91 312 38 period period NOUN arjefm-91 312 39 covered cover VERB arjefm-91 312 40 by by ADP arjefm-91 312 41 the the DET arjefm-91 312 42 study study NOUN arjefm-91 312 43 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 313 1 the the DET arjefm-91 313 2 study study NOUN arjefm-91 313 3 however however ADV arjefm-91 313 4 did do AUX arjefm-91 313 5 not not PART arjefm-91 313 6 find find VERB arjefm-91 313 7 evidence evidence NOUN arjefm-91 313 8 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 313 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 313 10 social social ADJ arjefm-91 313 11 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 313 12 on on ADP arjefm-91 313 13 employees employee NOUN arjefm-91 313 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 313 15 regulatory regulatory ADJ arjefm-91 313 16 compliances compliance NOUN arjefm-91 313 17 have have AUX arjefm-91 313 18 any any DET arjefm-91 313 19 significant significant ADJ arjefm-91 313 20 relationship relationship NOUN arjefm-91 313 21 with with ADP arjefm-91 313 22 market market NOUN arjefm-91 313 23 values value NOUN arjefm-91 313 24 during during ADP arjefm-91 313 25 the the DET arjefm-91 313 26 period period NOUN arjefm-91 313 27 under under ADP arjefm-91 313 28 review review NOUN arjefm-91 313 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 314 1 the the DET arjefm-91 314 2 paper paper NOUN arjefm-91 314 3 recommends recommend VERB arjefm-91 314 4 that that SCONJ arjefm-91 314 5 manufacturing manufacture VERB arjefm-91 314 6 companies company NOUN arjefm-91 314 7 in in ADP arjefm-91 314 8 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 314 9 should should AUX arjefm-91 314 10 double double VERB arjefm-91 314 11 their their PRON arjefm-91 314 12 efforts effort NOUN arjefm-91 314 13 towards towards ADP arjefm-91 314 14 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 314 15 social social ADJ arjefm-91 314 16 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 314 17 in in ADP arjefm-91 314 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 314 19 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 315 1 this this PRON arjefm-91 315 2 could could AUX arjefm-91 315 3 send send VERB arjefm-91 315 4 a a DET arjefm-91 315 5 positive positive ADJ arjefm-91 315 6 message message NOUN arjefm-91 315 7 to to ADP arjefm-91 315 8 the the DET arjefm-91 315 9 market market NOUN arjefm-91 315 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 315 11 enhance enhance VERB arjefm-91 315 12 their their PRON arjefm-91 315 13 value value NOUN arjefm-91 315 14 in in ADP arjefm-91 315 15 return return NOUN arjefm-91 315 16 ; ; PUNCT arjefm-91 315 17 it it PRON arjefm-91 315 18 will will AUX arjefm-91 315 19 also also ADV arjefm-91 315 20 help help VERB arjefm-91 315 21 create create VERB arjefm-91 315 22 conducive conducive ADJ arjefm-91 315 23 atmosphere atmosphere NOUN arjefm-91 315 24 for for ADP arjefm-91 315 25 conducting conduct VERB arjefm-91 315 26 business business NOUN arjefm-91 315 27 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 316 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 316 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 317 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 317 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 317 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 317 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 317 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 317 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 317 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 317 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 317 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 317 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 317 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 317 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 317 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 317 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 317 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 317 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 317 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 317 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 317 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 317 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 317 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 317 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 317 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 317 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 317 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 317 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 317 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 317 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 317 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 317 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 317 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 317 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 317 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 317 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 318 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 318 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 318 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 318 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 318 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 318 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 318 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 318 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 318 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 318 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 318 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 318 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 318 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 318 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 318 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 318 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 318 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 318 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 318 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 318 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 318 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 319 1 17 17 NUM arjefm-91 320 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 320 2 p p X arjefm-91 320 3 a a DET arjefm-91 320 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 320 5 e e PROPN arjefm-91 320 6 references reference NOUN arjefm-91 320 7 anderson anderson PROPN arjefm-91 320 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 9 j. j. PROPN arjefm-91 320 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 11 w. w. PROPN arjefm-91 320 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 13 1989 1989 NUM arjefm-91 320 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 15 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 320 16 social social ADJ arjefm-91 320 17 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 320 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 19 greenwood greenwood PROPN arjefm-91 320 20 press press PROPN arjefm-91 320 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 320 22 connecticut connecticut PROPN arjefm-91 320 23 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 321 1 bagnoli bagnoli PROPN arjefm-91 321 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 3 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 321 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 321 5 s.g s.g PROPN arjefm-91 321 6 . . PROPN arjefm-91 321 7 watts watts PROPN arjefm-91 321 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 9 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 321 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 11 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 321 12 selling sell VERB arjefm-91 321 13 to to ADP arjefm-91 321 14 socially socially ADV arjefm-91 321 15 responsible responsible ADJ arjefm-91 321 16 consumers consumer NOUN arjefm-91 321 17 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 321 18 competition competition NOUN arjefm-91 321 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 321 20 the the DET arjefm-91 321 21 private private ADJ arjefm-91 321 22 provision provision NOUN arjefm-91 321 23 of of ADP arjefm-91 321 24 public public ADJ arjefm-91 321 25 goods good NOUN arjefm-91 321 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 27 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 321 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 321 29 of of ADP arjefm-91 321 30 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 321 31 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 321 32 management management NOUN arjefm-91 321 33 strategy strategy NOUN arjefm-91 321 34 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 35 12(3 12(3 NUM arjefm-91 321 36 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 321 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 321 38 419–445 419–445 NUM arjefm-91 321 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 322 1 baron baron NOUN arjefm-91 322 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 3 d.p d.p PROPN arjefm-91 322 4 . . PROPN arjefm-91 322 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 6 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 322 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 8 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 322 9 private private ADJ arjefm-91 322 10 politics politic NOUN arjefm-91 322 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 12 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 322 13 social social ADJ arjefm-91 322 14 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 322 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 16 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 322 17 integratedstrategy,”journal integratedstrategy,”journal NOUN arjefm-91 322 18 of of ADP arjefm-91 322 19 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 322 20 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 322 21 management management NOUN arjefm-91 322 22 strategy strategy NOUN arjefm-91 322 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 24 10(1 10(1 NUM arjefm-91 322 25 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 322 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 322 27 7–45 7–45 NOUN arjefm-91 322 28 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 323 1 clarkson clarkson PROPN arjefm-91 323 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 323 3 m. m. PROPN arjefm-91 323 4 b. b. PROPN arjefm-91 323 5 e. e. PROPN arjefm-91 323 6 1995 1995 NUM arjefm-91 323 7 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 324 1 a a DET arjefm-91 324 2 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 324 3 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 324 4 for for ADP arjefm-91 324 5 analyzing analyze VERB arjefm-91 324 6 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 324 7 evaluating evaluate VERB arjefm-91 324 8 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 324 9 social social ADJ arjefm-91 324 10 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 324 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 325 1 academy academy PROPN arjefm-91 325 2 of of ADP arjefm-91 325 3 management management NOUN arjefm-91 325 4 review review NOUN arjefm-91 325 5 20 20 NUM arjefm-91 326 1 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 326 2 92–117 92–117 NUM arjefm-91 326 3 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 326 4 carroll carroll PROPN arjefm-91 326 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 326 6 a. a. PROPN arjefm-91 326 7 b. b. PROPN arjefm-91 326 8 1979 1979 NUM arjefm-91 326 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 327 1 a a DET arjefm-91 327 2 three three NUM arjefm-91 327 3 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 327 4 dimensional dimensional ADJ arjefm-91 327 5 conceptual conceptual ADJ arjefm-91 327 6 model model NOUN arjefm-91 327 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 327 8 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 327 9 social social ADJ arjefm-91 327 10 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 327 11 academy academy NOUN arjefm-91 327 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 327 13 management management NOUN arjefm-91 327 14 review review NOUN arjefm-91 327 15 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 327 16 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 327 17 497–505 497–505 NUM arjefm-91 327 18 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 327 19 de de X arjefm-91 327 20 macarty macarty NOUN arjefm-91 327 21 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 327 22 p. p. NOUN arjefm-91 327 23 2009 2009 NUM arjefm-91 327 24 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 328 1 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 328 2 returns return NOUN arjefm-91 328 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 328 4 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 328 5 social social ADJ arjefm-91 328 6 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 328 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 328 9 the the DET arjefm-91 328 10 mora mora PROPN arjefm-91 328 11 freedom freedom NOUN arjefm-91 328 12 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 328 13 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 328 14 of of ADP arjefm-91 328 15 business business NOUN arjefm-91 328 16 leaders leader NOUN arjefm-91 328 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 18 business business NOUN arjefm-91 328 19 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 328 20 society society NOUN arjefm-91 328 21 review review NOUN arjefm-91 328 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 23 fall fall NOUN arjefm-91 328 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 25 2009 2009 NUM arjefm-91 328 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 27 vol vol NOUN arjefm-91 328 28 . . PROPN arjefm-91 328 29 114 114 NUM arjefm-91 328 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 328 31 no no INTJ arjefm-91 328 32 . . NOUN arjefm-91 328 33 3 3 NUM arjefm-91 328 34 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 328 35 forthcoming forthcoming ADJ arjefm-91 328 36 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 328 37 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 329 1 frynas frynas PROPN arjefm-91 329 2 j.g j.g PROPN arjefm-91 329 3 . . PROPN arjefm-91 329 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 5 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 329 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 7 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 329 8 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 329 9 social social ADJ arjefm-91 329 10 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 329 11 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 329 12 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 329 13 analysis analysis NOUN arjefm-91 329 14 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 329 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 16 in in ADP arjefm-91 329 17 globa globa PROPN arjefm-91 329 18 strategic strategic ADJ arjefm-91 329 19 management management NOUN arjefm-91 329 20 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 21 mellahi mellahi PROPN arjefm-91 329 22 k. k. PROPN arjefm-91 329 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 24 frynas frynas PROPN arjefm-91 329 25 j. j. PROPN arjefm-91 329 26 g. g. PROPN arjefm-91 329 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 28 finlay finlay VERB arjefm-91 329 29 p. p. NOUN arjefm-91 329 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 329 31 chapter chapter NOUN arjefm-91 329 32 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 329 33 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 330 1 finch finch NOUN arjefm-91 330 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 330 3 n. n. NOUN arjefm-91 330 4 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 330 5 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 331 1 the the DET arjefm-91 331 2 emergence emergence NOUN arjefm-91 331 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 331 4 csr csr NOUN arjefm-91 331 5 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 331 6 sustainability sustainability NOUN arjefm-91 331 7 indices index NOUN arjefm-91 331 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 331 9 macquarie macquarie PROPN arjefm-91 331 10 graduate graduate PROPN arjefm-91 331 11 school school PROPN arjefm-91 331 12 of of ADP arjefm-91 331 13 management management NOUN arjefm-91 331 14 fombrun fombrun NOUN arjefm-91 331 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 331 16 c. c. PROPN arjefm-91 331 17 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 331 18 shanley shanley PROPN arjefm-91 331 19 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 331 20 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 331 21 1990 1990 NUM arjefm-91 331 22 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 331 23 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 331 24 what what PRON arjefm-91 331 25 ’s ’ VERB arjefm-91 331 26 in in ADP arjefm-91 331 27 a a DET arjefm-91 331 28 name name NOUN arjefm-91 331 29 ? ? PUNCT arjefm-91 332 1 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 332 2 building building NOUN arjefm-91 332 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 332 4 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 332 5 strategy strategy NOUN arjefm-91 332 6 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 332 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 332 8 academy academy NOUN arjefm-91 332 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 332 10 management management NOUN arjefm-91 332 11 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 332 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 332 13 vol vol NOUN arjefm-91 332 14 . . PROPN arjefm-91 332 15 33 33 NUM arjefm-91 332 16 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 332 17 no.2 no.2 PROPN arjefm-91 332 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 332 19 pp pp ADJ arjefm-91 332 20 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 333 1 233 233 NUM arjefm-91 333 2 - - SYM arjefm-91 333 3 258 258 NUM arjefm-91 333 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 334 1 freeman freeman PROPN arjefm-91 334 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 334 3 r. r. PROPN arjefm-91 334 4 1984 1984 NUM arjefm-91 334 5 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 335 1 strategic strategic ADJ arjefm-91 335 2 management management NOUN arjefm-91 335 3 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 335 4 a a DET arjefm-91 335 5 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 335 6 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 335 7 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 336 1 boston boston PROPN arjefm-91 336 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 336 3 pitman pitman PROPN arjefm-91 336 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 337 1 friedman friedman PROPN arjefm-91 337 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 337 3 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 337 4 1970 1970 NUM arjefm-91 337 5 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 338 1 the the DET arjefm-91 338 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 338 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 338 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 338 5 business business NOUN arjefm-91 338 6 is be AUX arjefm-91 338 7 to to PART arjefm-91 338 8 increase increase VERB arjefm-91 338 9 its its PRON arjefm-91 338 10 profits profit NOUN arjefm-91 338 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 339 1 new new PROPN arjefm-91 339 2 york york PROPN arjefm-91 339 3 times times PROPN arjefm-91 339 4 magazine magazine PROPN arjefm-91 339 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 339 6 sept sept PROPN arjefm-91 339 7 . . PROPN arjefm-91 339 8 13 13 NUM arjefm-91 339 9 : : SYM arjefm-91 339 10 122 122 NUM arjefm-91 339 11 - - SYM arjefm-91 339 12 126 126 NUM arjefm-91 339 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 340 1 frederick frederick PROPN arjefm-91 340 2 w w PROPN arjefm-91 340 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 340 4 post post PROPN arjefm-91 340 5 j j PROPN arjefm-91 340 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 340 7 davis davis PROPN arjefm-91 340 8 ke ke PROPN arjefm-91 340 9 . . PROPN arjefm-91 340 10 1992 1992 NUM arjefm-91 340 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 341 1 business business NOUN arjefm-91 341 2 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 341 3 society society NOUN arjefm-91 341 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 342 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 342 2 strategy strategy NOUN arjefm-91 342 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 342 4 public public ADJ arjefm-91 342 5 policy policy NOUN arjefm-91 342 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 342 7 ethics ethic NOUN arjefm-91 342 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 342 9 7th 7th ADJ arjefm-91 342 10 edn edn NOUN arjefm-91 342 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 343 1 mcgraw mcgraw PROPN arjefm-91 343 2 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 343 3 hill hill NOUN arjefm-91 343 4 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 343 5 london london PROPN arjefm-91 343 6 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 344 1 gelb gelb PROPN arjefm-91 344 2 d. d. PROPN arjefm-91 344 3 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 344 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 5 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 344 6 strawser strawser PROPN arjefm-91 344 7 j. j. PROPN arjefm-91 344 8 a. a. PROPN arjefm-91 344 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 10 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 344 11 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 12 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 344 13 social social ADJ arjefm-91 344 14 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 344 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 344 16 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 344 17 disclosures disclosure NOUN arjefm-91 344 18 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 344 19 an an DET arjefm-91 344 20 alternative alternative ADJ arjefm-91 344 21 explanation explanation NOUN arjefm-91 344 22 for for ADP arjefm-91 344 23 increased increase VERB arjefm-91 344 24 disclosure disclosure NOUN arjefm-91 344 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 26 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 344 27 of of ADP arjefm-91 344 28 business business NOUN arjefm-91 344 29 ethics ethic NOUN arjefm-91 344 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 31 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 344 32 33 33 NUM arjefm-91 344 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 34 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 344 35 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 36 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 344 37 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 344 38 pp pp ADJ arjefm-91 344 39 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 345 1 1 1 NUM arjefm-91 345 2 - - SYM arjefm-91 345 3 13 13 NUM arjefm-91 345 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 346 1 graves grave NOUN arjefm-91 346 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 3 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 346 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 346 5 s.a s.a PROPN arjefm-91 346 6 . . PROPN arjefm-91 346 7 waddock waddock PROPN arjefm-91 346 8 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 9 1994 1994 NUM arjefm-91 346 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 11 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 346 12 institutional institutional ADJ arjefm-91 346 13 owners owner NOUN arjefm-91 346 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 346 15 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 346 16 socia socia NOUN arjefm-91 346 17 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 346 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 19 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 346 20 academy academy NOUN arjefm-91 346 21 of of ADP arjefm-91 346 22 management management NOUN arjefm-91 346 23 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 346 24 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 25 37(4 37(4 PROPN arjefm-91 346 26 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 346 27 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 346 28 1034–1046 1034–1046 NUM arjefm-91 346 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 347 1 greening greening NOUN arjefm-91 347 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 347 3 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 347 4 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 347 5 american american PROPN arjefm-91 347 6 research research PROPN arjefm-91 347 7 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 347 8 of of ADP arjefm-91 347 9 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 347 10 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 347 11 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 347 12 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 347 13 management management NOUN arjefm-91 347 14 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 347 15 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 347 16 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 347 17 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 347 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 347 19 october october PROPN arjefm-91 347 20 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 347 21 december december PROPN arjefm-91 347 22 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 347 23 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 347 24 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 347 25 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 347 26 - - SYM arjefm-91 347 27 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 347 28 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 347 29 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 347 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 347 31 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 347 32 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 347 33 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 347 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 347 35 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 347 36 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 347 37 email email NOUN arjefm-91 347 38 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 348 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 348 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 348 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 348 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 348 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 348 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 348 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 348 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 348 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 348 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 348 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 348 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 348 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 348 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 348 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 348 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 348 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 348 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 348 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 348 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 348 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 349 1 18 18 NUM arjefm-91 350 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 350 2 p p X arjefm-91 350 3 a a DET arjefm-91 350 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 350 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 350 6 greening greening NOUN arjefm-91 350 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 350 8 d. d. PROPN arjefm-91 350 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 350 10 w. w. PROPN arjefm-91 350 11 turban turban PROPN arjefm-91 350 12 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 351 1 2000 2000 NUM arjefm-91 351 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 352 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 352 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 352 3 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 352 4 as as ADP arjefm-91 352 5 a a DET arjefm-91 352 6 competitive competitive ADJ arjefm-91 352 7 advantage advantage NOUN arjefm-91 352 8 in in ADP arjefm-91 352 9 attracting attract VERB arjefm-91 352 10 a a DET arjefm-91 352 11 quality quality NOUN arjefm-91 352 12 workforce workforce NOUN arjefm-91 352 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 353 1 business business PROPN arjefm-91 353 2 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 353 3 society society PROPN arjefm-91 353 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 353 5 39(3 39(3 NUM arjefm-91 353 6 ): ): PUNCT arjefm-91 353 7 254 254 NUM arjefm-91 353 8 - - SYM arjefm-91 353 9 280 280 NUM arjefm-91 353 10 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 353 11 hopkins hopkin NOUN arjefm-91 353 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 353 13 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 353 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 353 15 2007 2007 NUM arjefm-91 353 16 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 354 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 354 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 354 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 354 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 354 5 international international ADJ arjefm-91 354 6 development development NOUN arjefm-91 354 7 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 354 8 is be AUX arjefm-91 354 9 business business NOUN arjefm-91 354 10 the the DET arjefm-91 354 11 solution solution NOUN arjefm-91 354 12 ? ? PUNCT arjefm-91 355 1 earthscan earthscan PROPN arjefm-91 355 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 355 3 united united ADJ arjefm-91 355 4 kingdom kingdom PROPN arjefm-91 355 5 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 356 1 hopkins hopkins PROPN arjefm-91 356 2 m. m. PROPN arjefm-91 356 3 1998 1998 NUM arjefm-91 356 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 357 1 the the DET arjefm-91 357 2 planetary planetary ADJ arjefm-91 357 3 bargain bargain NOUN arjefm-91 357 4 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 357 5 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 357 6 social social ADJ arjefm-91 357 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 357 8 comes come VERB arjefm-91 357 9 of of ADP arjefm-91 357 10 age age NOUN arjefm-91 357 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 358 1 macmillan macmillan PROPN arjefm-91 358 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 358 3 london london PROPN arjefm-91 358 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 359 1 heal heal NOUN arjefm-91 359 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 359 3 g. g. PROPN arjefm-91 359 4 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 359 5 20040 20040 NUM arjefm-91 359 6 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 359 7 social social ADJ arjefm-91 359 8 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 359 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 360 1 an an DET arjefm-91 360 2 economic economic ADJ arjefm-91 360 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 360 4 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 360 5 framework framework NOUN arjefm-91 360 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 360 7 columbia columbia PROPN arjefm-91 360 8 business business PROPN arjefm-91 360 9 school school PROPN arjefm-91 360 10 jenkins jenkins PROPN arjefm-91 360 11 h. h. PROPN arjefm-91 360 12 2004 2004 NUM arjefm-91 360 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 361 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 361 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 361 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 361 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 361 5 the the DET arjefm-91 361 6 mining mining NOUN arjefm-91 361 7 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 361 8 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 361 9 conflicts conflict NOUN arjefm-91 361 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 361 11 constructs construct NOUN arjefm-91 361 12 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 362 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 362 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 362 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 362 4 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 362 5 environmental environmental ADJ arjefm-91 362 6 management management NOUN arjefm-91 362 7 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 362 8 : : SYM arjefm-91 362 9 23 23 NUM arjefm-91 362 10 34 34 NUM arjefm-91 362 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 362 12 jenkins jenkins PROPN arjefm-91 362 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 362 14 h. h. PROPN arjefm-91 362 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 362 16 2006 2006 NUM arjefm-91 362 17 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 363 1 small small ADJ arjefm-91 363 2 business business NOUN arjefm-91 363 3 champions champion NOUN arjefm-91 363 4 for for ADP arjefm-91 363 5 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 363 6 social social ADJ arjefm-91 363 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 363 8 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 364 1 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 364 2 of of ADP arjefm-91 364 3 business business NOUN arjefm-91 364 4 ethics ethic NOUN arjefm-91 364 5 67 67 NUM arjefm-91 364 6 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 364 7 241 241 NUM arjefm-91 364 8 - - SYM arjefm-91 364 9 251 251 NUM arjefm-91 364 10 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 365 1 springer springer NOUN arjefm-91 365 2 jones jones PROPN arjefm-91 365 3 t. t. PROPN arjefm-91 365 4 m. m. PROPN arjefm-91 365 5 1980 1980 NUM arjefm-91 365 6 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 366 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 366 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 366 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 366 4 revisited revisit VERB arjefm-91 366 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 366 6 redefined redefine VERB arjefm-91 366 7 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 367 1 california california PROPN arjefm-91 367 2 management management PROPN arjefm-91 367 3 review review PROPN arjefm-91 367 4 22(2 22(2 NUM arjefm-91 367 5 ): ): PUNCT arjefm-91 367 6 59–67 59–67 NUM arjefm-91 367 7 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 368 1 lea lea PROPN arjefm-91 368 2 r. r. PROPN arjefm-91 368 3 2002 2002 NUM arjefm-91 368 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 369 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 369 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 369 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 369 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 369 5 institute institute NOUN arjefm-91 369 6 of of ADP arjefm-91 369 7 directors director NOUN arjefm-91 369 8 iod iod VERB arjefm-91 369 9 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 369 10 member member NOUN arjefm-91 369 11 opinion opinion NOUN arjefm-91 369 12 survey survey NOUN arjefm-91 369 13 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 370 1 iod iod PROPN arjefm-91 370 2 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 370 3 london london PROPN arjefm-91 370 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 371 1 http://www.epolitix.com/data/companies/images/companies/instituteofirectors/csr_report.pdf http://www.epolitix.com/data/companies/images/companies/instituteofirectors/csr_report.pdf PROPN arjefm-91 371 2 mcwilliams mcwilliams PROPN arjefm-91 371 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 371 4 a. a. PROPN arjefm-91 371 5 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 371 6 d. d. PROPN arjefm-91 371 7 siegel siegel PROPN arjefm-91 371 8 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 372 1 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 372 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 373 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 373 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 373 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 373 4 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 373 5 a a DET arjefm-91 373 6 theory theory NOUN arjefm-91 373 7 of of ADP arjefm-91 373 8 the the DET arjefm-91 373 9 firm firm ADJ arjefm-91 373 10 perspective perspective NOUN arjefm-91 373 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 374 1 academy academy PROPN arjefm-91 374 2 of of ADP arjefm-91 374 3 management management PROPN arjefm-91 374 4 review review PROPN arjefm-91 374 5 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 374 6 26(1 26(1 NUM arjefm-91 374 7 ): ): PUNCT arjefm-91 374 8 117 117 NUM arjefm-91 374 9 - - SYM arjefm-91 374 10 127 127 NUM arjefm-91 374 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 375 1 marsden marsden PROPN arjefm-91 375 2 c. c. PROPN arjefm-91 375 3 2001 2001 NUM arjefm-91 375 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 376 1 the the DET arjefm-91 376 2 role role NOUN arjefm-91 376 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 376 4 public public ADJ arjefm-91 376 5 authorities authority NOUN arjefm-91 376 6 in in ADP arjefm-91 376 7 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 376 8 social social ADJ arjefm-91 376 9 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 376 10 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 377 1 http://www.alter.be/socialresponsibility/ http://www.alter.be/socialresponsibility/ PROPN arjefm-91 377 2 people people NOUN arjefm-91 377 3 / / SYM arjefm-91 377 4 marchri marchri PROPN arjefm-91 377 5 / / SYM arjefm-91 377 6 en en NOUN arjefm-91 377 7 / / SYM arjefm-91 377 8 displayperson displayperson NOUN arjefm-91 377 9 matten matten PROPN arjefm-91 378 1 d d PROPN arjefm-91 378 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 378 3 crane crane NOUN arjefm-91 378 4 a. a. NOUN arjefm-91 378 5 2005 2005 NUM arjefm-91 378 6 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 379 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 379 2 citizenship citizenship NOUN arjefm-91 379 3 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 379 4 toward toward ADP arjefm-91 379 5 an an DET arjefm-91 379 6 extended extended ADJ arjefm-91 379 7 theoretical theoretical ADJ arjefm-91 379 8 conceptualization conceptualization NOUN arjefm-91 379 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 380 1 the the DET arjefm-91 380 2 academy academy PROPN arjefm-91 380 3 of of ADP arjefm-91 380 4 management management PROPN arjefm-91 380 5 review review NOUN arjefm-91 380 6 30(1 30(1 NUM arjefm-91 380 7 ): ): PUNCT arjefm-91 380 8 166–179 166–179 NUM arjefm-91 380 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 381 1 nolan nolan PROPN arjefm-91 381 2 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 381 3 j. j. PROPN arjefm-91 381 4 2007 2007 NUM arjefm-91 381 5 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 382 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 382 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 382 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 382 4 in in ADP arjefm-91 382 5 australia australia PROPN arjefm-91 382 6 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 382 7 rhetoric rhetoric NOUN arjefm-91 382 8 or or CCONJ arjefm-91 382 9 reality reality NOUN arjefm-91 382 10 ? ? PUNCT arjefm-91 383 1 ajhr ajhr NOUN arjefm-91 383 2 12 12 NUM arjefm-91 383 3 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 383 4 2 2 NUM arjefm-91 383 5 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 383 6 osemene osemene NOUN arjefm-91 383 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 383 8 o. o. PROPN arjefm-91 383 9 f. f. PROPN arjefm-91 383 10 2012 2012 NUM arjefm-91 383 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 384 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 384 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 384 3 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 384 4 practices practice NOUN arjefm-91 384 5 in in ADP arjefm-91 384 6 mobil mobil NOUN arjefm-91 384 7 telecommunications telecommunications NOUN arjefm-91 384 8 industry industry NOUN arjefm-91 384 9 in in ADP arjefm-91 384 10 nigeria nigeria PROPN arjefm-91 384 11 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 385 1 european european PROPN arjefm-91 385 2 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 385 3 orlitzky orlitzky NOUN arjefm-91 385 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 385 5 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 385 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 385 7 f. f. PROPN arjefm-91 385 8 schmidt schmidt PROPN arjefm-91 385 9 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 385 10 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 385 11 rynes ryne NOUN arjefm-91 385 12 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 386 1 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 386 2 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 387 1 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 387 2 social social ADJ arjefm-91 387 3 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 387 4 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 387 5 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 387 6 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 387 7 a a DET arjefm-91 387 8 metaanalysis metaanalysis NOUN arjefm-91 387 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 388 1 organization organization NOUN arjefm-91 388 2 studies study NOUN arjefm-91 388 3 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 388 4 24 24 NUM arjefm-91 388 5 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 388 6 403 403 NUM arjefm-91 388 7 - - SYM arjefm-91 388 8 441 441 NUM arjefm-91 388 9 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 389 1 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 389 2 mailto:contact@americaserial.com mailto:contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 390 1 american american PROPN arjefm-91 390 2 research research PROPN arjefm-91 390 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 390 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 390 5 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 390 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 390 7 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 390 8 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 390 9 management management NOUN arjefm-91 390 10 volume volume NOUN arjefm-91 390 11 11 11 NUM arjefm-91 390 12 issue issue NOUN arjefm-91 390 13 4 4 NUM arjefm-91 390 14 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 390 15 october october PROPN arjefm-91 390 16 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 390 17 december december PROPN arjefm-91 390 18 2023 2023 NUM arjefm-91 390 19 issn issn NOUN arjefm-91 390 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 390 21 2836 2836 NUM arjefm-91 390 22 - - SYM arjefm-91 390 23 9416 9416 NUM arjefm-91 390 24 impact impact NOUN arjefm-91 390 25 factor factor NOUN arjefm-91 390 26 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 390 27 5.57 5.57 NUM arjefm-91 390 28 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 390 29 homepage homepage NOUN arjefm-91 390 30 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 390 31 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 390 32 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 390 33 email email NOUN arjefm-91 390 34 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 391 1 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com PROPN arjefm-91 391 2 official official ADJ arjefm-91 391 3 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 391 4 of of ADP arjefm-91 391 5 america america PROPN arjefm-91 391 6 serial serial PROPN arjefm-91 391 7 publication publication NOUN arjefm-91 391 8 american american PROPN arjefm-91 391 9 research research PROPN arjefm-91 391 10 journal journal PROPN arjefm-91 391 11 of of ADP arjefm-91 391 12 economics economic NOUN arjefm-91 391 13 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 391 14 finance finance NOUN arjefm-91 391 15 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 391 16 management management NOUN arjefm-91 391 17 https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm https://americaserial.com/journals/index.php/arjefm NOUN arjefm-91 391 18 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 391 19 email email NOUN arjefm-91 391 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 391 21 contact@americaserial.com contact@americaserial.com X arjefm-91 392 1 19 19 NUM arjefm-91 393 1 | | ADV arjefm-91 393 2 p p X arjefm-91 393 3 a a DET arjefm-91 393 4 g g NOUN arjefm-91 393 5 e e NOUN arjefm-91 393 6 pava pava NOUN arjefm-91 393 7 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 8 m.l m.l PROPN arjefm-91 393 9 . . PROPN arjefm-91 393 10 & & CCONJ arjefm-91 393 11 krausz krausz PROPN arjefm-91 393 12 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 13 j. j. PROPN arjefm-91 393 14 1996 1996 NUM arjefm-91 393 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 16 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 393 17 the the DET arjefm-91 393 18 association association NOUN arjefm-91 393 19 between between ADP arjefm-91 393 20 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 393 21 social social ADJ arjefm-91 393 22 - - PUNCT arjefm-91 393 23 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 393 24 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 393 25 financial financial ADJ arjefm-91 393 26 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 393 27 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 393 28 the the DET arjefm-91 393 29 paradox paradox NOUN arjefm-91 393 30 of of ADP arjefm-91 393 31 social social ADJ arjefm-91 393 32 cost cost NOUN arjefm-91 393 33 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 393 34 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 35 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 393 36 of of ADP arjefm-91 393 37 business business NOUN arjefm-91 393 38 ethics ethic NOUN arjefm-91 393 39 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 40 vol.15 vol.15 NOUN arjefm-91 393 41 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 42 no.3 no.3 PROPN arjefm-91 393 43 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 393 44 pp pp PROPN arjefm-91 393 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 394 1 321 321 NUM arjefm-91 394 2 - - SYM arjefm-91 394 3 357 357 NUM arjefm-91 394 4 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 395 1 post post PROPN arjefm-91 395 2 j.e j.e PROPN arjefm-91 395 3 . . PROPN arjefm-91 395 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 395 5 preston preston PROPN arjefm-91 395 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 395 7 l. l. PROPN arjefm-91 395 8 e. e. PROPN arjefm-91 395 9 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 395 10 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 395 11 sachs sachs PROPN arjefm-91 395 12 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 395 13 2002 2002 NUM arjefm-91 395 14 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 396 1 redefining redefine VERB arjefm-91 396 2 the the DET arjefm-91 396 3 corporation corporation NOUN arjefm-91 396 4 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 396 5 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN arjefm-91 396 6 management management NOUN arjefm-91 396 7 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 396 8 organizational organizational ADJ arjefm-91 396 9 wealth wealth NOUN arjefm-91 396 10 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 397 1 stanford stanford PROPN arjefm-91 397 2 university university PROPN arjefm-91 397 3 press press PROPN arjefm-91 397 4 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 397 5 stanford stanford PROPN arjefm-91 397 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 397 7 ca ca PROPN arjefm-91 397 8 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 398 1 preston preston PROPN arjefm-91 398 2 l.e l.e PROPN arjefm-91 398 3 . . PROPN arjefm-91 398 4 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 5 1978 1978 NUM arjefm-91 398 6 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 7 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 398 8 analyzing analyze VERB arjefm-91 398 9 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 398 10 social social ADJ arjefm-91 398 11 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 398 12 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 398 13 methods method NOUN arjefm-91 398 14 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 398 15 results result NOUN arjefm-91 398 16 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 398 17 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 18 in in ADP arjefm-91 398 19 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 398 20 of of ADP arjefm-91 398 21 contemporary contemporary PROPN arjefm-91 398 22 business business NOUN arjefm-91 398 23 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 24 7 7 NUM arjefm-91 398 25 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 26 135 135 NUM arjefm-91 398 27 - - SYM arjefm-91 398 28 150 150 NUM arjefm-91 398 29 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 398 30 reputex reputex NOUN arjefm-91 398 31 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 32 2003 2003 NUM arjefm-91 398 33 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 34 reputex reputex NOUN arjefm-91 398 35 social social ADJ arjefm-91 398 36 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 398 37 ratings rating NOUN arjefm-91 398 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 39 reputation reputation NOUN arjefm-91 398 40 measurement measurement PROPN arjefm-91 398 41 pty pty PROPN arjefm-91 398 42 ltd ltd PROPN arjefm-91 398 43 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 44 melbourne melbourne PROPN arjefm-91 398 45 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 398 46 russo russo PROPN arjefm-91 398 47 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 398 48 m. m. NOUN arjefm-91 398 49 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 398 50 p. p. PROPN arjefm-91 398 51 fouts fouts PROPN arjefm-91 398 52 . . PUNCT arjefm-91 399 1 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 399 2 . . 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PUNCT arjefm-91 403 1 world world PROPN arjefm-91 403 2 business business PROPN arjefm-91 403 3 council council PROPN arjefm-91 403 4 for for ADP arjefm-91 403 5 sustainable sustainable ADJ arjefm-91 403 6 development development NOUN arjefm-91 403 7 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 403 8 wbcsd wbcsd PROPN arjefm-91 403 9 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 403 10 ( ( PUNCT arjefm-91 403 11 jan jan PROPN arjefm-91 403 12 . . PROPN arjefm-91 403 13 2000 2000 NUM arjefm-91 403 14 ) ) PUNCT arjefm-91 403 15 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 16 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 403 17 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 403 18 social social ADJ arjefm-91 403 19 responsibility responsibility NOUN arjefm-91 403 20 : : PUNCT arjefm-91 403 21 making make VERB arjefm-91 403 22 good good ADJ arjefm-91 403 23 business business NOUN arjefm-91 403 24 sense sense NOUN arjefm-91 403 25 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 403 26 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 27 geneva geneva PROPN arjefm-91 403 28 . . PROPN arjefm-91 403 29 waddock waddock PROPN arjefm-91 403 30 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 31 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 403 32 a. a. PROPN arjefm-91 403 33 and and CCONJ arjefm-91 403 34 s. s. PROPN arjefm-91 403 35 graves graves PROPN arjefm-91 403 36 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 37 1997 1997 NUM arjefm-91 403 38 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 39 “ " PUNCT arjefm-91 403 40 the the DET arjefm-91 403 41 corporate corporate ADJ arjefm-91 403 42 social social ADJ arjefm-91 403 43 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 403 44 – – PUNCT arjefm-91 403 45 financia financia PROPN arjefm-91 403 46 performance performance NOUN arjefm-91 403 47 link link NOUN arjefm-91 403 48 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 49 ” " PUNCT arjefm-91 403 50 strategic strategic ADJ arjefm-91 403 51 management management NOUN arjefm-91 403 52 journal journal NOUN arjefm-91 403 53 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 54 18 18 NUM arjefm-91 403 55 , , PUNCT arjefm-91 403 56 303–317 303–317 NUM arjefm-91 403 57 . . 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