id sid tid token lemma pos american_scientific_journal-4902 1 1 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 2 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 3 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 4 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 5 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 6 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 7 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 9 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 12 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 13 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 14 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 15 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 16 issn issn PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 17 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 18 print print NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 19 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 20 2313 2313 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 21 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 22 4410 4410 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 24 issn issn PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 25 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 26 online online ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 27 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 28 2313 2313 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 29 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 30 4402 4402 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 31 Β© Β© PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 32 global global ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 33 society society NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 34 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 35 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 36 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 37 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 38 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 39 http://asrjetsjournal.org/ http://asrjetsjournal.org/ ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 40 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 41 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 42 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 43 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 44 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 45 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 1 46 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 47 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 48 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 49 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 50 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 51 omed ome VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 52 azeeza azeeza PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 53 * * PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 54 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 55 rizgar rizgar NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 56 hummadib hummadib NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 57 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 58 ahmed ahmed PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 59 hasanc hasanc PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 60 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 61 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 62 b b NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 63 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 64 cdepartment cdepartment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 65 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 66 civil civil ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 67 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 68 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 69 salahaddin salahaddin VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 70 university university NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 71 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 72 erbil erbil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 73 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 74 erbil erbil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 75 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 76 iraq iraq PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 77 aemail aemail NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 78 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 79 omed.azeez@su.edu.krd omed.azeez@su.edu.krd NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 1 80 bemail bemail NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 81 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 82 rizgar.hummadi@su.edu.krd rizgar.hummadi@su.edu.krd NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 83 cemail cemail NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 84 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 85 ahmed.hasan@su.edu.krd ahmed.hasan@su.edu.krd NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 86 abstract abstract NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 87 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 88 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 89 analysis analysis NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 90 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 91 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 92 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 93 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 94 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 95 under under ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 96 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 97 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 98 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 1 99 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 100 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 101 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 102 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 103 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 104 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 105 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 106 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 107 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 108 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 1 109 an an DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 110 important important ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 111 parameter parameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 112 which which PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 1 113 has have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 1 114 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 1 115 significant significant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 116 influence influence NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 117 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 1 118 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 1 119 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 1 120 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 121 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 1 122 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 2 1 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 2 2 paper paper NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 3 investigates investigate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 2 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 2 5 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 6 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 2 7 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 2 8 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 9 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 2 10 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 2 11 single single ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 2 12 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 13 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 2 14 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 2 15 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 2 16 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 2 17 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 18 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 2 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 3 2 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 3 3 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 5 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 3 6 30 30 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 7 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 8 steel steel NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 9 rod rod NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 10 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 11 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 3 12 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 3 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 14 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 3 15 four four NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 16 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 3 17 lengths length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 18 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 3 19 selected select VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 3 20 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 21 250 250 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 22 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 23 300 300 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 24 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 25 350 350 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 26 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 27 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 3 28 400 400 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 29 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 30 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 31 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 3 32 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 3 33 ratios ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 34 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 35 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 36 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 3 37 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 38 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 3 39 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 40 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 3 41 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 3 42 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 4 1 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 4 2 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 4 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 4 4 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 4 5 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 4 6 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 4 7 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 4 8 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 4 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 4 10 respectively respectively ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 4 11 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 5 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 5 2 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 5 3 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 5 4 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 5 5 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 5 6 three three NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 5 7 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 8 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 9 densities density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 5 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 5 11 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 5 12 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 5 13 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 5 15 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 5 17 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 18 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 5 19 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 5 20 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 6 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 6 2 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 6 3 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 6 4 performed perform VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 6 5 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 6 6 constant constant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 6 7 rate rate NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 6 8 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 6 9 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 6 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 7 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 2 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 3 indicate indicate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 4 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 5 there there PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 7 6 is be VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 7 an an DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 8 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 9 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 11 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 13 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 7 14 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 15 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 16 up up ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 17 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 7 18 247 247 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 19 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 20 when when SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 21 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 22 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 23 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 7 24 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 25 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 26 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 27 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 7 28 increases increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 29 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 30 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 31 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 32 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 33 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 34 when when SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 36 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 37 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 38 increases increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 39 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 40 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 41 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 42 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 7 43 85 85 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 44 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 45 there there PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 7 46 is be VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 7 47 an an DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 48 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 49 up up ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 50 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 7 51 599 599 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 7 52 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 53 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 54 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 55 resistant resistant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 7 56 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 57 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 7 58 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 7 59 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 7 60 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 8 1 keywords keyword NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 8 2 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 8 3 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 8 4 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 8 5 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 8 6 ; ; PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 8 7 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 8 8 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 8 9 ; ; PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 8 10 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 8 11 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 8 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 9 1 1 1 X american_scientific_journal-4902 9 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 9 3 introduction introduction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 4 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 5 foundations foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 6 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 9 7 generally generally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 9 8 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 9 when when SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 9 11 upper upper ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 12 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 13 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 9 14 weak weak ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 15 or or CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 16 due due ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 17 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 9 18 large large ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 19 applied apply VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 20 base base NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 21 loads load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 9 23 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 24 structures structure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 25 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 9 26 that that PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 9 27 needed need VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 28 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 9 29 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 9 30 transferred transfer VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 31 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 9 32 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 9 33 deep deep ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 9 35 strong strong ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 36 stratum stratum NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 37 or or CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 9 38 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 9 39 resist resist VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 40 uplift uplift VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 41 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 42 that that PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 9 43 developed develop VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 9 44 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 9 45 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 46 structures structure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 9 47 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 10 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 10 2 general general ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 10 4 most most ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 5 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 10 6 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 10 7 subjected subject VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 10 8 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 10 9 both both CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 10 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 12 vertical vertical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 10 13 loads load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 10 14 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 11 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 11 2 source source NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 3 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 11 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 11 5 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 11 6 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 7 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 11 8 probably probably ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 11 9 caused cause VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 11 10 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 11 11 wind wind NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 11 13 water water NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 14 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 11 16 or or CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 11 17 earth earth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 18 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 11 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 12 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 13 1 * * PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 13 2 corresponding correspond VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 13 3 author author NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 13 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 1 http://asrjetsjournal.org/ http://asrjetsjournal.org/ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 2 american american PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 3 scientific scientific PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 4 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 5 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 6 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 14 7 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 9 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 14 12 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 13 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 14 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 15 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 16 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 17 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 18 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 19 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 20 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 21 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 22 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 14 23 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 24 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 25 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 14 26 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 27 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 28 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 29 183 183 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 14 30 there there PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 14 31 are be VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 14 32 situations situation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 33 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 14 34 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 35 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 14 36 subjected subject VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 14 37 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 14 38 significant significant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 14 39 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 14 40 loads load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 41 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 14 42 such such ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 14 43 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 14 44 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 45 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 14 46 wharves wharf NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 47 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 14 48 jetties jetty NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 49 carrying carry VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 14 50 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 14 51 impact impact NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 52 forces force NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 53 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 14 54 mooring mooring NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 55 ships ship NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 14 56 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 15 1 offshore offshore ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 15 2 structures structure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 15 3 also also ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 15 4 have have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 15 5 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 15 6 resist resist VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 15 7 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 15 8 thrusts thrust NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 15 9 caused cause VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 15 10 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 15 11 wind wind NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 15 12 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 15 13 wave wave NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 15 14 actions action NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 15 15 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 15 16 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 15 17 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 15 18 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 16 1 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 16 2 similar similar ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 3 situation situation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 4 exists exist VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 16 5 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 16 6 transmission transmission NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 7 tower tower NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 8 foundations foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 9 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 10 tall tall ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 11 chimneys chimney NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 12 where where SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 13 wind wind NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 14 exerts exert VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 16 15 large large ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 16 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 16 17 forces force NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 16 18 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 17 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 17 2 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 17 3 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 17 4 cases case NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 17 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 17 6 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 17 7 should should AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 17 8 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 17 9 designed design VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 17 10 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 17 11 withstand withstand VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 17 12 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 17 13 types type NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 17 14 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 17 15 loadings loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 17 16 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 18 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 18 2 design design NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 3 process process NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 4 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 18 5 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 18 6 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 18 7 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 18 8 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 18 10 both both DET american_scientific_journal-4902 18 11 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 18 12 conditions condition NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 13 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 18 14 serviceability serviceability NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 15 limits limit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 18 16 should should AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 18 17 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 18 18 considered consider VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 18 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 1 however however ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 19 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 3 many many ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 4 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 5 who who PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 19 6 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 19 7 investigating investigate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 19 8 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 19 9 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 19 11 short short ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 13 stiff stiff ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 19 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 19 16 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 17 have have AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 19 18 focused focus VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 19 19 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 19 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 19 21 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 22 condition condition NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 23 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 19 25 maximum maximum ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 19 26 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 27 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 28 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 29 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 30 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 31 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 32 pmax pmax NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 33 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 34 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 19 35 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 19 36 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 19 37 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 19 38 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 19 39 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 20 1 figure figure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 20 2 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 20 3 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 20 4 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 20 5 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 20 6 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 20 7 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 20 8 stresses stress NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 20 9 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 20 10 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 20 11 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 20 12 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 20 13 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 20 14 certain certain ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 20 15 depth depth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 21 2 16 16 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 21 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 4 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 21 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 21 6 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 21 7 condition condition NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 9 several several ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 21 10 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 11 have have AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 21 12 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 21 13 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 14 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 21 15 predict predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 21 16 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 21 17 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 21 18 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 21 19 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 20 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 22 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 23 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 24 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 25 pu pu PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 21 26 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 27 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 28 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 21 29 2,3,4,5 2,3,4,5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 21 30 ] ] NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 21 31 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 21 32 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 22 1 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 22 2 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 3 define define VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 22 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 22 5 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 22 6 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 7 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 22 8 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 9 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 10 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 11 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 22 12 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 22 13 function function NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 14 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 22 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 22 16 effective effective ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 22 17 vertical vertical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 22 18 stress stress NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 19 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 22 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 22 21 coefficient coefficient NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 22 23 passive passive ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 22 24 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 22 25 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 23 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 23 2 most most ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 23 3 common common ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 23 4 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 5 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 23 6 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 23 7 practice practice NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 8 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 23 9 estimate estimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 23 10 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 11 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 12 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 23 13 brom brom PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 14 ’s ’s PART american_scientific_journal-4902 23 15 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 23 17 which which PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 23 18 assumes assume VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 23 19 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 23 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 23 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 22 rotates rotate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 23 23 around around ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 23 24 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 23 25 tip tip NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 26 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 23 27 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 23 28 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 23 29 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 23 30 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 31 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 32 equals equal VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 23 33 three three NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 23 34 times time NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 23 36 passive passive ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 23 37 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 23 38 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 24 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 2 p p PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 3 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 24 4 y y PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 5 curve curve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 6 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 7 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 24 8 also also ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 24 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 24 10 commonly commonly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 24 11 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 12 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 13 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 24 14 study study VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 16 reaction reaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 24 18 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 24 19 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 20 which which DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 21 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 22 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 24 23 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 24 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 25 considered consider VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 26 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 24 27 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 28 beam beam NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 29 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 24 30 an an DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 31 elastic elastic ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 24 32 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 33 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 24 34 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 24 35 for for SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 24 36 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 37 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 38 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 24 39 replaced replace VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 40 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 24 41 an an DET american_scientific_journal-4902 24 42 arrangement arrangement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 43 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 24 44 independent independent ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 24 45 narrowly narrowly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 24 46 spaced space VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 24 47 springs spring NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 24 48 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 25 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 25 2 p p PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 3 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 25 4 y y NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 5 curve curve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 6 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 25 7 recommendations recommendation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 8 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 25 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 25 10 american american PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 11 petroleum petroleum PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 12 institute institute PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 13 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 25 14 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 25 15 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 26 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 26 2 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 26 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 26 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 26 5 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 26 6 generally generally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 26 7 suggested suggest VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 26 8 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 26 9 evaluate evaluate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 26 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 26 11 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 26 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 26 13 static static ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 26 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 26 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 26 16 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 26 17 installed instal VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 26 18 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 26 19 sandy sandy ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 26 20 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 26 21 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 27 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 27 2 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 27 3 literature literature NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 27 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 27 5 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 27 6 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 27 7 clear clear ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 8 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 9 most most ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 27 11 studies study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 27 12 here here ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 27 13 focused focus VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 27 14 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 27 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 27 16 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 17 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 27 18 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 27 19 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 27 20 single single ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 27 22 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 27 23 sandy sandy ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 27 24 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 27 25 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 28 2 studies study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 4 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 28 5 example example NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 6 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 7 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 28 8 7,8,9 7,8,9 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 9 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 10 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 12 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 28 13 mainly mainly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 28 14 investigated investigate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 28 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 28 16 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 28 18 slenderness slenderness NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 19 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 20 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 22 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 23 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 28 24 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 25 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 26 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 27 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 28 28 which which PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 28 29 differs differ VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 28 30 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 28 31 study study VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 28 32 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 28 33 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 34 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 28 35 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 28 36 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 37 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 28 38 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 28 39 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 29 1 much much ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 29 2 less less ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 29 3 information information NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 29 4 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 29 5 available available ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 29 6 regarding regard VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 29 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 29 8 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 29 9 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 29 10 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 29 11 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 29 12 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 29 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 29 14 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 29 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 29 16 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 29 17 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 29 18 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 29 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 30 1 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 30 2 few few ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 3 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 30 4 have have AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 30 5 observed observe VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 30 6 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 30 8 main main ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 9 dominant dominant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 10 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 30 11 that that PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 30 12 controls control VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 30 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 30 14 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 30 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 30 16 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 30 17 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 30 18 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 30 19 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 30 20 first first ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 21 3~4 3~4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 30 22 times time NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 30 23 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 30 24 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 30 25 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 31 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 31 2 10,11,12 10,11,12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 31 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 31 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 1 shazzath shazzath PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 2 hossain hossain PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 3 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 4 mohammad mohammad PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 5 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 6 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 7 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 8 affirmed affirm VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 9 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 10 observations observation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 11 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 12 stating state VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 13 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 15 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 16 removing remove VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 17 1.5 1.5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 18 m m NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 19 topsoil topsoil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 20 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 21 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 22 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 25 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 26 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 27 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 28 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 29 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 30 reduced reduce VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 31 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 32 half half NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 33 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 34 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 35 given give VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 36 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 37 head head NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 38 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 39 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 32 40 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 41 full full ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 42 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 43 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 44 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 45 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 46 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 47 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 32 48 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 49 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 50 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 51 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 52 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 32 53 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 54 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 55 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 56 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 57 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 58 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 59 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 60 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 61 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 62 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 63 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 32 64 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 65 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 66 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 32 67 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 68 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 69 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 70 184 184 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 71 depth depth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 32 72 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 32 73 13 13 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 32 74 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 32 75 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 1 regarding regard VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 2 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 3 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 4 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 5 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 6 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 8 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 9 have have AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 33 10 been be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 33 11 investigating investigate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 12 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 13 relationship relationship NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 14 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 15 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 16 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 17 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 18 dr dr PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 19 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 20 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 21 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 22 modulus modulus NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 23 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 24 subgrade subgrade NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 25 reaction reaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 26 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 27 kh kh NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 29 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 30 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 31 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 32 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 33 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 34 back back ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 35 analysis analysis NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 36 based base VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 37 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 38 deflection deflection NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 39 data datum NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 40 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 41 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 42 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 43 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 44 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 45 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 46 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 47 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 48 they they PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 33 49 found find VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 50 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 51 there there PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 33 52 is be VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 53 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 54 strong strong ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 55 relation relation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 56 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 57 dr dr PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 58 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 59 kh kh PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 60 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 61 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 62 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 63 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 64 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 65 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 66 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 67 upper upper ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 68 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 69 has have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 33 70 enormous enormous ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 71 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 72 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 33 73 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 33 74 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 33 75 response response NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 33 76 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 33 77 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 33 78 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 33 79 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 34 1 moreover moreover ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 34 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 34 3 wakil wakil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 4 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 34 5 2013 2013 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 6 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 34 7 found find VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 34 8 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 34 10 rate rate NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 11 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 12 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 14 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 15 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 34 17 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 18 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 19 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 20 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 21 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 22 2.00 2.00 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 23 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 24 3.00 3.00 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 25 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 34 26 235 235 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 27 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 28 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 29 357 357 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 30 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 31 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 34 32 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 33 200 200 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 34 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 35 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 36 300 300 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 37 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 38 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 39 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 40 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 41 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 42 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 43 35 35 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 44 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 45 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 46 77 77 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 34 47 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 34 48 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 34 49 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 34 50 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 35 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 35 2 14 14 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 35 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 35 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 36 2 present present ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 3 study study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 4 aimed aim VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 5 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 36 6 investigate investigate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 36 8 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 9 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 10 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 11 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 12 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 13 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 14 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 15 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 36 16 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 17 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 18 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 19 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 20 carrying carry VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 21 out out ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 22 laboratory laboratory NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 23 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 24 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 25 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 36 26 single single ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 27 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 28 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 29 varying vary VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 30 ratios ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 31 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 32 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 33 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 34 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 35 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 36 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 37 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 38 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 39 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 40 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 41 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 42 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 43 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 44 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 45 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 46 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 47 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 48 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 49 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 50 three three NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 51 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 52 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 53 densities density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 54 dr=12 dr=12 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 55 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 56 58 58 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 57 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 58 85 85 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 59 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 60 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 61 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 36 62 theoretical theoretical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 63 background background NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 64 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 36 65 possible possible ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 66 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 36 67 predict predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 68 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 36 69 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 70 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 71 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 72 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 73 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 74 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 75 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 76 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 77 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 78 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 79 several several ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 80 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 36 81 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 82 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 83 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 36 84 such such ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 36 85 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 36 86 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 87 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 36 88 2,3,4,5 2,3,4,5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 89 ] ] NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 36 90 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 36 91 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 1 one one NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 37 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 37 3 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 37 4 early early ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 5 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 6 who who PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 37 7 studied study VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 37 8 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 37 9 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 37 11 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 37 12 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 37 13 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 14 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 37 15 brinch brinch ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 16 hansen hansen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 17 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 18 1961 1961 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 37 19 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 20 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 21 which which PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 37 22 he he PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 37 23 defined define VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 37 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 37 25 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 26 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 27 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 28 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 29 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 30 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 31 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 32 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 33 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 37 34 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 37 35 function function NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 36 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 37 37 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 37 38 effective effective ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 39 earth earth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 40 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 41 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 42 πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘ž πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘ž NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 37 43 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 44 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 45 effective effective ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 46 vertical vertical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 37 47 stress stress NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 37 48 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 37 49 πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€² πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€² NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 37 50 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 38 2 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 38 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 5 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 38 6 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 38 7 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 38 8 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 9 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 38 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 11 hansen hansen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 12 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 38 13 equations equation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 14 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 38 15 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 38 16 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 38 17 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 38 18 calculation calculation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 19 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 20 resistant resistant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 38 21 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 22 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 23 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 24 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 25 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 38 26 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 38 27 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 28 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 38 29 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 38 30 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 38 31 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 32 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 33 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 38 34 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 38 35 respectively respectively ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 38 36 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 1 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 2 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 3 πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 4 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 5 π›Ύπ›Ύβ€²πΏπΏπΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ π›Ύπ›Ύβ€²πΏπΏπΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 6 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 7 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 8 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 9 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 10 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 11 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 12 2𝐿𝐿 2𝐿𝐿 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 13 3βˆ’3𝐿𝐿2 3βˆ’3𝐿𝐿2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 14 + + PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 15 4π‘₯π‘₯3 4π‘₯π‘₯3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 16 6(𝑒𝑒+π‘₯π‘₯ 6(𝑒𝑒+π‘₯π‘₯ NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 17 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 18 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 19 βˆ— βˆ— NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 20 π›Ύπ›Ύβ€²πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ π›Ύπ›Ύβ€²πΎπΎπ‘žπ‘žπ΅π΅ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 21 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 22 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 23 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 24 where where SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 25 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 26 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 27 b b X american_scientific_journal-4902 39 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 29 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 39 30 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 31 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 32 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 33 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 35 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 36 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 37 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 38 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 39 39 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 40 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 41 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 42 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 43 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 44 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 45 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 46 e e NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 47 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 48 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 39 49 eccentricity eccentricity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 50 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 51 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 52 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 53 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 54 x x X american_scientific_journal-4902 39 55 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 56 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 39 57 point point NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 58 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 59 rotation rotation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 60 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 61 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 62 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 63 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 64 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 65 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 66 𝛾𝛾′ 𝛾𝛾′ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 67 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 68 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 39 69 effective effective ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 70 unit unit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 71 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 72 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 73 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 74 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 75 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 76 1964 1964 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 77 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 78 brom brom NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 79 modified modify VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 80 hansen hansen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 81 ’s ’s PART american_scientific_journal-4902 39 82 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 83 equations equation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 84 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 85 assuming assume VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 86 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 87 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 88 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 89 rotates rotate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 90 around around ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 91 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 39 92 tip tip NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 93 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 94 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 95 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 96 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 97 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 98 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 99 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 100 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 101 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 102 equals equal VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 103 three three NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 104 times time NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 105 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 39 106 coefficient coefficient NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 107 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 108 passive passive ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 109 earth earth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 110 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 111 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 112 kp kp INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 113 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 114 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 115 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 116 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 117 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 118 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 119 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 120 he he PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 39 121 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 39 122 equation equation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 123 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 124 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 39 125 calculation calculation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 126 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 39 127 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 128 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 39 129 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 39 130 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 39 131 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 39 132 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 40 1 brom brom PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 2 ’s ’s PART american_scientific_journal-4902 40 3 theory theory NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 40 5 despite despite SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 40 6 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 40 7 simplification simplification NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 40 9 but but CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 40 10 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 40 11 entirely entirely ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 40 12 neglected neglect VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 40 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 40 14 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 40 16 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 17 blow blow VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 40 18 actual actual ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 40 19 point point NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 20 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 40 21 rotation rotation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 22 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 40 23 assuming assume VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 40 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 40 25 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 26 will will AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 40 27 rotate rotate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 40 28 around around ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 40 29 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 40 30 tip tip NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 40 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 1 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 2 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 3 3πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²πΎπΎπ‘π‘π΅π΅ 3πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²πΎπΎπ‘π‘π΅π΅ NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 4 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 5 3𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐡𝐡 3𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐡𝐡 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 6 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 7 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 8 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 9 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 10 = = NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 11 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿3𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐡𝐡 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿3𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐡𝐡 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 12 2(𝑒𝑒+𝐿𝐿 2(𝑒𝑒+𝐿𝐿 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 13 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 14 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 15 4 4 X american_scientific_journal-4902 41 16 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 17 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 18 1981 1981 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 19 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 20 meyerhof meyerhof NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 21 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 22 conducting conduct VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 23 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 41 24 set set NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 25 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 26 experiments experiment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 27 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 28 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 29 measuring measure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 30 actual actual ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 31 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 32 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 33 distribution distribution NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 34 along along ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 41 36 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 37 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 38 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 39 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 40 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 41 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 42 transducers transducer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 43 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 44 he he PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 41 45 modified modify VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 46 brom brom PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 47 ’s ’s PART american_scientific_journal-4902 41 48 theory theory NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 49 through through ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 50 considering consider VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 51 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 41 52 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 53 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 54 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 55 below below ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 56 point point NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 57 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 58 rotation rotation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 59 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 60 x x NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 61 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 62 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 63 taking take VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 64 into into ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 65 account account NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 66 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 41 67 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 68 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 69 active active ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 70 earth earth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 71 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 72 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 73 ka ka PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 74 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 75 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 76 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 77 introducing introduce VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 78 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 79 shape shape NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 80 factor factor NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 81 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 82 sbu sbu NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 83 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 84 into into ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 85 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 86 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 87 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 88 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 41 89 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 41 90 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 41 91 equations equation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 41 92 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 93 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 94 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 95 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 41 96 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 41 97 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 41 98 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 1 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 2 = = NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 3 πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€²(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 4 βˆ’ βˆ’ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 5 πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 42 6 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 7 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝐡𝐡 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝐡𝐡 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 8 = = PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 9 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 10 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 11 πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 12 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 13 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝐡𝐡 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝐡𝐡 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 42 14 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 15 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 42 16 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 42 17 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 43 1 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 43 2 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿2(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 𝛾𝛾′𝐿𝐿2(𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 43 3 βˆ’ βˆ’ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 43 4 πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž πΎπΎπ‘Žπ‘Ž NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 43 5 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 1 π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘π‘†π‘†π‘π‘π‘’π‘’π΅π΅ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘π‘†π‘†π‘π‘π‘’π‘’π΅π΅ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 2 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 3 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 4 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 5 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 6 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 7 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 8 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 9 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 44 10 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 12 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 14 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 15 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 16 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 17 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 18 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 19 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 20 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 21 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 22 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 23 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 24 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 25 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 26 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 27 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 28 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 44 29 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 30 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 31 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 32 185 185 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 33 where where SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 34 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 35 π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 36 = = NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 37 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 38 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 39 + + NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 40 1.4𝑒𝑒𝐿𝐿 1.4𝑒𝑒𝐿𝐿 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 41 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 42 7 7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 44 43 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 44 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 44 45 ’s ’ VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 46 worth worth ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 47 mentioning mention VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 48 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 49 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 50 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 51 above above ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 44 52 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 53 mentioned mention VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 54 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 55 did do AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 44 56 not not PART american_scientific_journal-4902 44 57 take take VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 58 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 44 59 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 44 60 account account VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 61 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 62 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 63 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 44 64 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 65 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 66 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 67 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 68 they they PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 44 69 underestimated underestimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 44 70 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 71 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 44 72 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 73 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 44 74 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 44 75 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 76 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 77 therefore therefore ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 44 78 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 79 american american PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 80 petroleum petroleum PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 81 institute institute PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 82 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 44 83 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 44 84 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 45 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 45 2 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 45 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 45 4 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 45 5 1990 1990 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 45 6 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 45 7 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 45 8 conducted conduct VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 45 9 enormous enormous ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 45 10 researches research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 45 11 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 45 12 observe observe VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 45 13 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 45 14 predict predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 45 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 45 16 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 45 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 45 18 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 45 19 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 45 20 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 45 21 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 46 1 they they PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 46 2 concluded conclude VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 46 3 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 46 5 main main ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 6 dominant dominant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 7 factors factor NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 8 contribute contribute VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 46 9 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 46 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 46 11 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 12 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 13 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 14 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 46 15 modulus modulus NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 16 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 46 17 subgrade subgrade NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 18 reaction reaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 46 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 46 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 22 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 23 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 24 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 46 25 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 46 26 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 47 1 based base VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 47 2 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 47 3 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 47 4 findings finding NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 47 5 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 47 6 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 47 7 equation equation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 47 8 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 47 9 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 47 10 calculate calculate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 47 11 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 47 12 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 47 13 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 47 14 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 47 15 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 47 16 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 47 17 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 48 1 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 48 2 = = PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 1 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 2 𝐢𝐢1𝑧𝑧 𝐢𝐢1𝑧𝑧 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 3 + + NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 4 𝐢𝐢2𝐡𝐡)πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€² 𝐢𝐢2𝐡𝐡)πœŽπœŽπ‘£π‘£β€² NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 5 = = PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 6 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 7 𝐢𝐢1𝑧𝑧 𝐢𝐢1𝑧𝑧 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 8 + + CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 9 𝐢𝐢2𝐡𝐡)𝛾𝛾′ 𝐢𝐢2𝐡𝐡)𝛾𝛾′ ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 10 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 11 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 12 8) 8) NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 13 where where SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 14 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 15 𝐢𝐢1 𝐢𝐢1 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 16 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 17 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 18 οΏ½ οΏ½ VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 49 19 πœ‹πœ‹ πœ‹πœ‹ ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 49 20 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 21 + + NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 22 βˆ… βˆ… NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 23 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 24 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 25 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 26 𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 𝐾𝐾𝑝𝑝 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 27 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 28 βˆ… βˆ… NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 29 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 30 + + CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 31 0.4 0.4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 32 οΏ½ οΏ½ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 33 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 34 βˆ… βˆ… NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 35 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 36 οΏ½ οΏ½ VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 49 37 πœ‹πœ‹ πœ‹πœ‹ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 38 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 39 + + NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 40 βˆ… βˆ… NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 41 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 42 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 43 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 44 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 45 π‘π‘π‘π‘π‘π‘βˆ…2 π‘π‘π‘π‘π‘π‘βˆ…2 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 46 + + SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 47 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 48 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 49 βˆ’ βˆ’ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 50 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 51 βˆ… βˆ… ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 49 52 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 53 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 54 οΏ½ οΏ½ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 55 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 56 9 9 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 57 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 58 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 59 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 60 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 61 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 62 pressure pressure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 63 distribution distribution NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 64 under under ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 49 65 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 66 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 67 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 49 68 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 69 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 70 𝐢𝐢2 𝐢𝐢2 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 71 = = SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 72 𝐾𝐾𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝑃𝑃 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 73 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 74 𝐾𝐾𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐾𝐴𝐴 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 75 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 76 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 77 ) ) SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 78 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 79 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 80 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 81 set set NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 82 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 49 83 up up NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 84 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 49 85 procedure procedure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 49 86 3.1 3.1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 49 87 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 50 1 material material NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 2 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 50 3 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 50 4 solid solid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 50 5 steel steel NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 6 rod rod NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 7 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 8 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 50 9 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 50 10 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 11 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 50 12 30 30 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 50 13 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 14 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 50 15 height height NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 16 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 50 17 450 450 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 50 18 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 19 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 50 20 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 50 21 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 50 22 study study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 50 23 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 2 reason reason NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 3 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 4 choosing choose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 5 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 6 type type NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 7 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 8 material material NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 9 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 10 its its PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 51 11 dimensions dimension NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 13 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 51 14 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 51 15 minimize minimize VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 16 any any DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 17 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 18 deflection deflection NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 19 during during ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 21 experiments experiment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 22 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 23 produce produce VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 24 linear linear ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 25 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 26 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 27 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 28 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 29 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 30 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 32 american american PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 33 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 34 research research PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 35 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 36 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 37 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 38 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 39 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 40 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 41 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 51 42 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 43 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 44 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 45 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 46 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 47 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 48 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 49 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 50 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 51 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 52 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 53 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 54 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 55 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 51 56 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 57 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 58 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 59 186 186 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 51 60 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 61 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 62 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 63 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 64 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 51 65 experiments experiment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 66 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 51 67 air air NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 68 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 69 dried dry VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 70 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 71 brought bring VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 51 72 up up ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 73 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 74 kasnazan kasnazan PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 75 district district PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 76 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 51 77 erbil erbil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 78 city city PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 79 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 51 80 iraq iraq PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 51 81 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 52 1 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 52 2 produce produce VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 52 3 repeatable repeatable ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 52 4 preparation preparation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 5 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 52 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 52 7 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 8 samples sample NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 52 10 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 52 11 selected select VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 52 12 range range NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 13 0.2 0.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 52 14 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 15 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 52 16 0.075 0.075 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 52 17 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 18 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 52 19 chosen choose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 52 20 form form VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 52 21 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 52 22 sieves sieve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 52 23 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 53 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 53 2 grain grain NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 3 size size NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 4 distribution distribution NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 5 curves curve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 6 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 53 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 53 8 selected select VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 53 9 materials material NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 10 obtained obtain VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 53 11 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 53 12 sieve sieve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 13 analysis analysis NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 14 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 53 15 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 53 16 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 53 17 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 18 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 53 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 53 20 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 21 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 53 22 summarizes summarize NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 23 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 53 24 physical physical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 53 25 properties property NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 26 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 53 27 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 53 28 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 53 29 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 54 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 54 2 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 54 3 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 54 4 performed perform VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 54 5 according accord VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 54 6 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 54 7 astm astm PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 54 8 specifications specification NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 54 9 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 1 3.2 3.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 55 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 3 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 4 deposit deposit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 5 preparation preparation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 55 7 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 8 deposit deposit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 9 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 55 10 prepared prepare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 55 11 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 55 12 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 55 13 glass glass NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 14 box box NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 15 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 55 16 dimension dimension NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 55 18 300 300 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 55 19 Γ— Γ— NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 20 300 300 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 55 21 Γ— Γ— NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 22 450 450 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 55 23 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 24 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 55 25 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 26 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 27 width width ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 55 28 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 29 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 55 30 depth depth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 31 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 32 respectively respectively ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 55 33 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 55 34 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 55 35 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 55 36 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 55 37 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 55 38 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 55 39 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 1 three three NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 56 2 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 3 densities density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 4 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 56 5 chosen choose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 6 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 7 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 56 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 9 58 58 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 56 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 12 85 85 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 56 13 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 14 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 56 16 this this PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 56 17 means mean VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 18 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 19 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 56 20 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 21 required require VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 22 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 56 23 achieve achieve VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 56 25 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 26 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 27 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 56 28 predetermined predetermine VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 29 since since SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 30 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 56 31 unit unit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 32 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 33 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 56 34 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 56 35 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 36 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 56 37 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 56 38 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 56 39 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 56 40 predetermined predetermine VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 56 41 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 57 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 57 2 whole whole ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 57 3 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 4 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 57 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 57 6 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 7 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 57 8 each each DET american_scientific_journal-4902 57 9 box box NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 10 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 57 11 divided divide VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 57 12 into into ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 57 13 equal equal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 57 14 parts part NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 15 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 57 16 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 57 17 cm cm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 18 height height NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 57 20 each each DET american_scientific_journal-4902 57 21 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 57 22 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 57 23 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 58 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 58 2 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 58 3 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 58 4 each each DET american_scientific_journal-4902 58 5 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 58 6 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 58 7 compacted compact VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 58 8 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 58 9 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 58 10 predetermined predetermined ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 58 11 depth depth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 58 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 59 1 after after ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 59 2 completing complete VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 59 3 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 59 4 final final ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 59 5 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 59 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 59 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 59 8 top top ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 59 9 surface surface NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 59 10 leveled level VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 59 11 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 59 12 obtain obtain VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 59 13 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 59 14 flat flat ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 59 15 surface surface NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 59 16 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 1 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 2 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 60 3 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 4 physical physical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 60 5 properties property NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 6 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 60 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 60 8 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 60 9 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 10 parameter parameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 11 values value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 12 coefficient coefficient NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 60 14 uniformity uniformity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 16 cu cu PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 17 1.524 1.524 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 60 18 coefficient coefficient NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 60 20 curvature curvature NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 21 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 22 cc cc VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 60 23 1.069 1.069 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 60 24 classification classification NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 25 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 26 uscs usc NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 27 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 28 sp sp ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 60 29 specific specific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 60 30 gravity gravity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 31 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 32 gs gs PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 33 2.73 2.73 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 60 34 maximum maximum ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 60 35 unit unit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 36 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 37 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 38 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 39 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 40 max max PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 60 41 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 60 42 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 61 1 kn kn PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 2 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 61 3 m3 m3 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 4 13.38 13.38 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 61 5 minimum minimum NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 6 unit unit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 7 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 61 9 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 X american_scientific_journal-4902 61 10 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 61 11 min min NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 61 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 61 13 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 1 kn kn PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 2 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 3 m3 m3 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 4 16.85 16.85 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 5 d10 d10 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 7 d30 d30 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 9 d60 d60 X american_scientific_journal-4902 62 10 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 11 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 12 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 13 0.13 0.13 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 14 0.166 0.166 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 15 0.199 0.199 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 16 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 62 17 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 18 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 19 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 20 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 21 58 58 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 22 84.5 84.5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 23 dry dry ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 62 24 unit unit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 25 weight weight NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 26 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 27 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 𝛾𝛾𝑑𝑑 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 29 kn kn PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 30 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 31 m3 m3 PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 32 13.72 13.72 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 33 15.2 15.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 34 16.2 16.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 62 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 62 36 angle angle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 37 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 62 38 internal internal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 62 39 friction friction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 40 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 41 ΓΈ ΓΈ NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 42 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 43 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 62 44 deg deg PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 62 45 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 1 28 28 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 2 33 33 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 3 38 38 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 4 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 5 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 6 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 7 grain grain NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 8 size size NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 9 distribution distribution NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 63 11 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 12 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 63 13 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 63 14 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 15 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 16 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 63 17 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 18 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 19 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 20 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 21 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 63 22 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 23 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 24 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 25 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 26 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 27 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 29 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 63 30 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 31 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 32 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 63 33 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 63 35 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 63 36 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 37 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 38 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 39 187 187 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 40 3.3 3.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 63 41 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 64 1 installation installation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 3 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 64 5 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 6 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 64 7 lowered lower VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 64 8 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 64 10 required require VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 64 11 depth depth NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 12 then then ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 64 13 fixed fix VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 64 14 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 64 16 top top NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 17 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 18 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 64 19 glass glass NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 20 box box NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 21 through through ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 22 steel steel NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 23 frame frame NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 24 so so SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 64 25 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 64 26 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 64 27 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 28 did do AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 64 29 not not PART american_scientific_journal-4902 64 30 move move VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 64 31 during during ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 32 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 33 deposit deposit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 34 preparation preparation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 35 layers layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 36 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 64 37 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 64 38 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 64 39 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 64 40 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 64 41 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 64 42 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 65 1 after after SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 2 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 65 3 completion completion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 4 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 65 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 65 6 process process NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 7 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 65 8 layering layer VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 65 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 65 10 fixing fix VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 65 11 frame frame NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 12 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 65 13 removed remove VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 65 14 so so SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 15 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 16 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 65 17 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 65 18 possible possible ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 19 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 65 20 apply apply VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 65 21 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 22 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 23 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 65 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 65 25 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 26 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 65 27 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 65 28 free free ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 65 29 head head NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 30 condition condition NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 65 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 1 3.4 3.4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 66 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 3 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 4 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 5 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 6 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 7 procedure procedure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 8 after after ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 9 completion completion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 12 process process NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 14 installation installation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 16 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 17 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 18 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 19 desired desire VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 20 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 21 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 22 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 24 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 25 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 26 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 27 high high ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 29 then then ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 66 30 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 31 glass glass NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 32 box box NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 33 fixed fix VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 34 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 35 position position NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 36 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 37 such such DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 38 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 39 manner manner NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 40 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 41 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 42 center center NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 43 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 44 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 45 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 46 shaft shaft NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 47 coincides coincide VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 48 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 49 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 50 center center NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 51 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 52 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 53 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 54 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 55 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 56 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 57 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 58 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 59 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 66 60 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 61 two two NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 66 62 lvdts lvdts NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 63 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 66 64 placed place VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 65 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 66 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 67 top top ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 68 part part NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 69 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 70 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 71 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 72 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 73 one one NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 66 74 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 75 them they PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 66 76 fitted fit VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 77 above above ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 78 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 79 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 80 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 81 shaft shaft NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 82 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 83 see see VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 84 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 85 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 66 86 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 87 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 66 88 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 89 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 90 second second ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 66 91 one one NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 92 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 66 93 fitted fit VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 66 94 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 95 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 96 bottom bottom NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 97 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 66 98 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 66 99 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 100 shaft shaft NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 66 101 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 67 1 both both PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 67 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 67 3 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 67 4 lvdts lvdts NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 67 5 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 67 6 measured measure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 67 7 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 67 8 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 67 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 67 10 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 67 11 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 67 12 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 67 13 top top ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 67 14 part part NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 67 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 67 16 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 67 17 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 68 1 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 68 2 type type NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 3 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 68 4 arrangement arrangement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 5 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 68 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 68 7 lvdt lvdt PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 8 ’s ’s PART american_scientific_journal-4902 68 9 allows allow VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 68 10 tilting tilting NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 11 angle angle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 68 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 68 14 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 15 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 68 16 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 68 17 calculated calculate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 68 18 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 68 19 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 68 20 displacement displacement ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 68 21 measurements measurement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 68 22 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 69 1 this this PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 69 2 followed follow VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 69 3 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 69 4 putting put VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 69 5 two two NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 69 6 lvdts lvdts NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 7 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 69 8 top top NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 9 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 69 10 bottom bottom NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 11 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 69 12 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 69 13 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 14 shaft shaft NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 69 16 so so SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 69 17 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 69 18 not not PART american_scientific_journal-4902 69 19 only only ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 69 20 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 21 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 69 22 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 69 23 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 24 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 69 25 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 69 26 measured measure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 69 27 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 69 28 but but CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 69 29 also also ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 69 30 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 69 31 tilting tilt VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 69 32 angle angle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 69 33 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 69 34 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 69 35 observed observe VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 69 36 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 70 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 70 2 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 3 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 70 4 performed perform VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 70 5 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 70 6 strain strain NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 7 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 70 8 controlled control VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 70 9 technique technique NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 10 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 70 11 applying apply VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 70 12 static static ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 70 13 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 14 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 70 15 rate rate NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 16 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 70 17 0.5 0.5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 70 18 mm mm NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 19 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 70 20 min min PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 21 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 70 22 employing employ VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 70 23 direct direct ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 70 24 shear shear NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 25 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 26 device device NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 70 27 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 71 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 71 2 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 71 3 continued continue VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 71 4 till till SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 71 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 71 6 20 20 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 71 7 mm mm PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 71 8 displacement displacement NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 71 9 reached reach VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 71 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 72 1 figure figure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 72 2 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 72 3 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 72 4 layering layer VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 72 5 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 6 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 72 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 72 8 glass glass NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 9 box box PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 10 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 72 11 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 72 12 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 13 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 14 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 72 15 discussion discussion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 72 16 4.1 4.1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 72 17 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 1 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 2 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 3 results result VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 73 4 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 73 5 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 6 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 7 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 8 were be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 73 9 performed perform VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 73 10 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 73 11 dry dry ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 12 sands sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 13 subjected subject VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 73 14 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 73 15 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 73 16 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 17 static static ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 18 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 19 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 73 20 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 21 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 22 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 23 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 24 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 25 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 26 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 73 27 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 28 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 29 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 30 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 31 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 73 32 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 33 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 34 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 35 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 36 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 37 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 38 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 39 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 40 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 41 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 42 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 73 43 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 44 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 73 45 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 73 46 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 47 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 48 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 49 188 188 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 73 50 densities density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 73 51 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 74 1 following follow VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 74 2 paragraphs paragraph NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 74 3 show show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 74 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 74 5 discussion discussion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 74 6 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 74 7 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 74 8 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 74 9 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 74 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 75 1 figure figure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 75 2 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 75 3 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 75 4 installation installation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 75 5 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 75 6 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 75 7 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 75 8 4.2 4.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 75 9 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 76 1 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 76 3 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 76 4 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 5 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 6 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 76 7 shows show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 76 8 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 76 9 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 10 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 76 11 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 76 12 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 13 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 76 14 dr dr PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 15 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 76 16 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 76 17 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 76 18 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 76 20 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 76 21 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 76 22 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 76 23 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 1 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 77 2 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 77 3 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 77 4 noticed notice VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 5 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 6 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 7 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 8 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 9 increasing increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 10 dr dr PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 11 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 12 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 13 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 14 medium medium NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 15 increased increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 16 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 17 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 18 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 22 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 23 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 24 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 25 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 26 121 121 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 27 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 28 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 29 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 30 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 31 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 32 121 121 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 33 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 34 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 77 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 36 average average ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 37 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 38 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 39 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 40 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 41 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 42 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 43 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 44 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 45 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 46 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 47 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 48 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 49 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 50 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 51 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 52 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 53 whereas whereas SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 54 increasing increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 55 dr dr PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 56 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 57 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 58 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 59 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 60 increased increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 61 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 62 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 63 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 64 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 65 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 66 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 67 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 68 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 69 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 70 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 71 599 599 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 72 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 73 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 74 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 75 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 76 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 77 599 599 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 78 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 79 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 77 80 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 81 average average ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 82 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 83 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 84 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 85 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 86 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 87 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 88 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 89 high high ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 77 90 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 91 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 92 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 77 93 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 77 94 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 95 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 96 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 77 97 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 98 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 99 see see VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 100 also also ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 77 101 table table VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 77 102 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 77 103 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 77 104 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 78 1 this this PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 78 2 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 78 3 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 78 4 attributed attribute VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 5 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 78 7 fact fact NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 8 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 78 10 firstly firstly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 78 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 78 12 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 13 stiffness stiffness NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 14 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 15 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 16 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 17 subgrade subgrade NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 18 reaction reaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 20 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 21 increased increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 22 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 23 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 78 24 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 25 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 26 increased increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 27 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 78 28 15 15 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 78 29 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 78 30 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 78 31 secondly secondly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 78 32 compacted compact VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 33 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 34 particles particle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 35 did do AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 78 36 not not PART american_scientific_journal-4902 78 37 move move VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 38 as as ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 78 39 easily easily ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 78 40 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 41 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 78 42 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 43 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 44 particles particle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 45 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 46 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 78 47 degree degree NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 48 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 49 interlocking interlock VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 78 50 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 51 particles particle NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 52 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 53 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 54 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 55 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 56 sands sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 57 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 78 58 more more ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 59 than than ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 78 60 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 78 61 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 78 62 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 1 inspection inspection NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 3 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 4 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 5 also also ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 79 6 shows show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 79 7 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 9 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 10 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 11 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 12 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 14 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 79 15 average average ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 16 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 17 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 18 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 79 19 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 20 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 21 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 79 22 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 23 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 79 24 84 84 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 25 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 26 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 27 both both PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 79 28 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 29 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 30 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 31 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 32 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 33 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 34 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 35 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 36 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 37 whereas whereas SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 38 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 79 39 average average ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 40 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 41 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 42 both both PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 79 43 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 44 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 45 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 46 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 47 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 48 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 49 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 50 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 51 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 79 52 158 158 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 53 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 54 when when SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 55 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 79 56 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 79 57 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 79 58 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 59 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 60 see see VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 79 61 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 79 62 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 79 63 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 79 64 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 80 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 2 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 80 3 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 4 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 5 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 80 6 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 80 7 ratios ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 80 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 80 10 average average ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 80 11 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 13 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 14 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 15 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 80 16 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 18 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 80 19 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 20 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 80 21 600 600 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 80 22 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 23 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 80 24 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 80 25 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 80 26 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 80 27 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 81 1 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 81 2 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 81 3 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 81 4 concluded conclude VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 5 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 81 7 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 8 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 9 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 81 11 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 81 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 81 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 16 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 17 significantly significantly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 81 18 increases increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 19 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 20 higher high ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 21 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 23 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 24 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 81 25 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 26 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 27 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 28 lower low ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 29 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 30 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 31 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 32 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 81 33 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 81 35 whereas whereas SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 36 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 81 37 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 38 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 39 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 81 40 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 81 41 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 42 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 43 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 44 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 45 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 46 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 81 47 almost almost ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 81 48 equally equally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 81 49 increased increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 81 50 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 51 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 81 52 value value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 53 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 81 54 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 55 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 81 56 ds ds ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 81 57 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 81 58 4.3 4.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 81 59 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 1 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 82 3 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 82 4 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 5 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 6 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 82 7 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 8 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 9 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 10 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 82 11 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 82 13 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 82 14 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 82 15 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 16 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 82 17 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 82 18 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 82 20 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 82 21 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 82 22 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 23 was be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 82 24 studied study VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 82 25 using use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 82 26 four four NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 27 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 82 28 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 29 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 30 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 31 ratios ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 82 32 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 33 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 35 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 36 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 37 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 38 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 39 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 82 40 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 82 41 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 82 42 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 1 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 2 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 3 shows show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 83 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 83 5 response response NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 6 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 83 7 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 83 8 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 83 9 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 83 10 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 11 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 83 12 sands sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 13 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 83 14 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 15 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 16 lengths length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 17 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 83 18 pile pile VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 83 19 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 20 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 21 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 22 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 23 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 24 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 25 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 26 at at ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 83 27 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 28 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 29 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 30 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 31 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 32 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 33 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 34 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 35 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 36 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 37 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 38 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 39 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 40 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 83 41 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 42 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 43 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 44 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 45 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 46 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 47 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 48 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 49 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 50 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 51 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 52 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 53 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 83 54 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 55 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 56 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 83 57 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 58 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 59 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 83 60 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 61 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 62 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 63 189 189 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 83 64 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 83 65 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 83 66 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 1 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 84 2 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 84 3 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 84 4 noted note VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 84 5 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 84 7 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 8 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 9 against against ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 10 laterally laterally NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 11 loading loading NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 12 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 84 13 very very ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 84 14 sensitive sensitive ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 15 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 84 16 change change VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 84 17 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 18 l l PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 19 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 20 d. d. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 21 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 22 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 24 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 25 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 26 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 27 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 28 increasing increase VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 84 29 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 30 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 31 d d PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 32 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 33 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 34 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 35 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 36 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 37 result result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 38 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 39 160 160 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 40 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 41 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 42 247 247 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 43 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 44 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 45 127 127 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 46 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 47 increase increase NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 48 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 84 49 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 84 50 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 51 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 84 52 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 53 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 54 respectively respectively ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 84 55 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 56 see see VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 84 57 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 84 58 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 84 59 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 84 60 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 85 1 these these DET american_scientific_journal-4902 85 2 observations observation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 3 show show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 85 4 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 85 5 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 85 6 main main ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 85 7 dominate dominate NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 8 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 9 that that PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 85 10 controls control VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 85 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 85 12 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 85 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 85 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 85 16 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 17 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 85 18 first first ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 85 19 3~4 3~4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 85 20 times time NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 21 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 85 22 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 85 23 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 85 24 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 85 25 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 85 26 10,11,12 10,11,12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 85 27 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 85 28 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 85 29 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 1 figure figure VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 86 2 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 3 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 4 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 5 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 6 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 7 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 8 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 9 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 10 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 11 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 12 percent percent NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 14 increment increment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 16 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 17 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 18 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 19 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 20 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 86 21 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 22 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 23 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 24 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 25 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 26 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 27 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 28 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 29 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 30 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 31 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 32 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 33 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 34 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 35 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 36 medium medium NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 37 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 38 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 39 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 40 82 82 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 41 86 86 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 42 173 173 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 43 143 143 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 44 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 45 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 46 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 47 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 48 614 614 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 49 629 629 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 50 629 629 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 51 523 523 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 52 table table NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 53 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 54 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 55 percent percent NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 56 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 57 increment increment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 58 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 59 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 60 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 61 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 62 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 63 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 86 64 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 86 65 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 66 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 67 d= d= NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 68 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 69 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 70 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 71 density density PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 72 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 73 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 74 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 75 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 76 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 77 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 78 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 79 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 80 11.7 11.7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 81 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 82 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 83 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 84 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 85 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 86 40 40 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 87 104 104 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 88 160 160 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 89 medium medium NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 90 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 91 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 92 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 93 43 43 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 94 205 205 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 95 247 247 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 96 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 86 97 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 98 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 86 99 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 86 100 43 43 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 101 108 108 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 102 127 127 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 103 4.4 4.4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 86 104 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 87 1 comparison comparison NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 2 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 87 3 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 4 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 5 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 87 6 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 87 7 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 8 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 87 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 87 10 literature literature NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 11 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 87 12 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 87 13 study study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 87 15 five five NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 87 16 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 87 17 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 18 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 87 19 see see VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 87 20 theoretical theoretical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 87 21 background background NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 22 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 87 23 have have AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 87 24 been be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 87 25 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 87 26 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 87 27 analysis analysis NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 28 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 87 29 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 87 30 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 87 31 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 87 32 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 88 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 88 2 comparisons comparison NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 3 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 88 4 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 88 5 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 88 6 figures figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 7 7 7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 88 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 88 9 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 88 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 88 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 88 12 9 9 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 88 13 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 88 14 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 88 15 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 16 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 17 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 88 18 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 88 19 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 20 predictions prediction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 88 21 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 1 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 2 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 3 research research PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 4 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 5 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 6 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 8 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 10 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 11 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 12 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 13 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 14 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 15 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 16 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 17 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 18 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 19 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 20 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 21 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 89 22 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 24 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 89 25 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 26 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 27 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 28 190 190 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 29 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 30 7 7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 31 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 32 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 33 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 34 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 35 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 36 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 37 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 38 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 39 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 40 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 41 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 42 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 43 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 44 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 45 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 46 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 47 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 48 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 49 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 50 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 51 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 52 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 53 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 54 9 9 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 55 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 56 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 57 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 58 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 59 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 60 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 61 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 62 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 63 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 64 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 65 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 66 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 67 research research NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 68 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 69 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 70 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 71 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 72 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 73 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 74 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 75 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 76 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 77 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 78 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 79 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 80 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 81 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 82 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 83 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 84 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 85 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 89 86 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 87 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 88 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 89 89 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 90 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 91 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 92 191 191 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 89 93 form form NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 94 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 89 95 set set NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 96 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 97 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 89 98 curves curve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 99 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 100 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 89 101 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 89 102 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 89 103 clearly clearly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 89 104 noted note VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 105 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 106 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 107 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 108 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 109 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 89 110 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 89 111 brom brom NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 112 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 113 predicted predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 114 more more ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 89 115 realistic realistic ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 116 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 117 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 89 118 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 89 119 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 120 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 121 meyerhof meyerhof ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 89 122 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 89 123 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 90 1 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 90 2 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 3 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 4 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 5 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 90 6 both both CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 7 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 8 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 9 meyerhof meyerhof ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 10 method method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 11 predicted predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 90 12 more more ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 90 13 realistic realistic ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 14 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 15 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 90 16 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 90 17 other other ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 90 18 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 90 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 91 1 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 2 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 91 3 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 4 situation situation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 5 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 91 6 as as SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 91 7 shown show VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 91 8 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 9 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 10 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 11 7 7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 91 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 91 13 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 91 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 91 15 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 91 16 9 9 X american_scientific_journal-4902 91 17 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 91 18 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 91 19 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 20 underestimated underestimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 91 21 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 91 22 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 23 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 24 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 91 25 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 26 by by ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 27 average average NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 28 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 91 29 60 60 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 91 30 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 91 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 92 1 based base VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 92 2 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 92 3 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 92 4 above above ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 92 5 interpretations interpretation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 6 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 92 7 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 92 8 be be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 92 9 noted note VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 92 10 that that SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 92 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 92 12 p p PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 13 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 92 14 y y PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 15 curve curve NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 16 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 92 17 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 18 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 92 19 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 92 20 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 92 21 predicts predict VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 92 22 more more ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 92 23 realistic realistic ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 92 24 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 25 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 92 26 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 92 27 actual actual ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 92 28 data datum NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 29 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 92 30 this this DET american_scientific_journal-4902 92 31 study study NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 32 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 92 33 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 92 34 other other ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 92 35 methods method NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 92 36 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 93 1 5 5 X american_scientific_journal-4902 93 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 93 3 conclusion conclusion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 4 based base VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 5 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 6 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 7 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 8 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 9 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 93 10 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 11 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 12 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 13 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 93 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 16 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 17 foundation foundation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 18 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 19 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 20 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 21 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 22 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 23 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 24 densities density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 25 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 26 different different ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 27 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 28 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 29 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 93 30 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 31 following follow VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 32 conclusions conclusion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 33 are be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 93 34 drawn draw VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 35 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 93 36 1 1 X american_scientific_journal-4902 93 37 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 93 38 changing change VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 39 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 40 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 41 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 42 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 43 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 44 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 45 has have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 46 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 47 great great ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 48 influence influence NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 49 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 50 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 51 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 52 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 53 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 93 54 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 55 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 56 up up ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 57 to to PART american_scientific_journal-4902 93 58 121 121 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 93 59 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 60 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 61 599 599 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 93 62 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 63 increment increment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 64 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 65 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 66 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 67 high high ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 68 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 69 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 93 70 respectively respectively ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 93 71 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 93 72 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 93 73 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 93 74 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 93 75 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 93 76 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 93 77 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 94 1 2 2 X american_scientific_journal-4902 94 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 94 3 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 94 4 upper upper ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 94 5 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 6 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 7 has have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 94 8 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 94 9 significant significant ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 94 10 impact impact NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 11 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 94 12 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 94 13 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 94 14 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 94 16 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 94 17 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 18 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 94 19 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 94 20 it it PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 94 21 is be AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 94 22 clearly clearly ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 94 23 observed observe VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 94 24 when when SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 94 25 comparing compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 94 26 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 94 27 capacities capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 28 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 94 29 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 30 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 94 31 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 94 32 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 95 1 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 95 2 = = NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 95 3 13.3 13.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 95 4 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 95 5 8.3 8.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 95 6 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 96 1 3 3 X american_scientific_journal-4902 96 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 97 1 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 97 2 variation variation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 3 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 4 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 97 5 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 97 6 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 7 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 8 l l NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 9 / / SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 97 10 d d NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 11 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 12 has have VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 97 13 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 97 14 higher high ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 97 15 impact impact NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 16 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 17 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 97 18 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 20 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 97 21 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 97 22 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 23 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 24 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 97 25 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 26 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 27 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 28 247 247 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 97 29 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 30 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 31 compared compare VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 97 32 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 33 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 97 34 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 97 35 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 97 36 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 37 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 38 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 97 39 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 97 40 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 41 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 42 127 127 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 97 43 % % NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 97 44 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 97 45 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 1 4 4 X american_scientific_journal-4902 98 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 98 3 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 4 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 5 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 7 almost almost ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 98 8 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 98 9 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 10 overestimated overestimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 98 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 98 12 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 14 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 98 15 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 98 16 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 17 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 18 whereas whereas SCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 19 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 20 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 21 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 22 ; ; PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 23 some some PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 98 24 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 25 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 98 26 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 27 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 28 such such ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 29 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 30 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 31 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 32 over over ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 33 estimated estimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 98 34 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 35 some some PRON american_scientific_journal-4902 98 36 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 37 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 98 38 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 39 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 40 such such ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 41 as as ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 98 42 brom brom NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 43 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 98 44 underestimated underestimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 98 45 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 98 46 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 98 47 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 98 48 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 99 1 contrary contrary ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 99 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 99 3 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 99 4 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 99 5 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 99 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 99 7 all all DET american_scientific_journal-4902 99 8 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 99 9 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 99 10 underestimated underestimate VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 99 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 99 12 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 99 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 99 14 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 99 15 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 99 16 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 99 17 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 99 18 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 1 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 2 7 7 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 100 3 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 4 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 100 5 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 6 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 100 7 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 8 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 9 loose loose ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 100 10 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 11 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 12 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 13 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 100 14 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 15 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 100 16 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 17 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 100 18 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 19 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 20 medium medium ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 100 21 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 22 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 23 figure figure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 24 9 9 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 100 25 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 26 embedded embed VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 100 27 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 28 vs vs ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 100 29 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 30 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 31 dense dense ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 100 32 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 33 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 100 34 acknowledgements acknowledgement VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 100 35 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 100 36 researchers researcher NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 37 acknowledge acknowledge VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 100 38 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 100 39 enormous enormous ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 100 40 support support NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 41 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 100 42 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 100 43 university university PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 44 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 100 45 salahaddinerbil salahaddinerbil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 100 46 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 1 references reference NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 2 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 101 3 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 101 4 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 5 p. p. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 6 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 7 ananthanathan ananthanathan PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 9 s. s. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 10 gajan gajan PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 12 t. t. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 13 kanagalingam kanagalingam PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 15 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 101 16 h. h. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 17 n. n. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 18 seneviratne seneviratne PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 19 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 20 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 21 behaviour behaviour NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 101 23 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 101 24 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 101 25 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 26 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 27 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 101 28 sri sri PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 29 lanka lanka PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 30 dep dep PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 101 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 102 1 civ civ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 102 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 103 1 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 103 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 103 3 univ univ PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 103 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 103 5 perad perad PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 103 6 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 103 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 103 8 2001 2001 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 103 9 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 104 2 2 2 X american_scientific_journal-4902 104 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 4 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 5 hansen hansen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 6 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 104 7 n. n. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 8 christensen christensen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 10 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 11 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 104 12 ultimate ultimate ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 104 13 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 14 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 104 15 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 104 16 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 17 against against ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 104 18 transversal transversal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 104 19 forces force NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 20 ; ; PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 21 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 22 tests test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 23 with with ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 104 24 tranversally tranversally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 104 25 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 104 26 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 104 27 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 28 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 104 29 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 104 30 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 31 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 104 32 1961 1961 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 104 33 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 105 2 3 3 X american_scientific_journal-4902 105 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 105 4 b. b. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 5 b. b. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 6 broms broms PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 8 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 9 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 105 10 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 11 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 105 12 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 13 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 105 14 cohesionless cohesionless NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 15 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 17 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 18 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 19 soil soil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 20 mech mech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 105 21 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 105 22 found find VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 105 23 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 106 1 div div PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 106 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 106 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 106 4 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 106 5 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 107 1 90 90 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 107 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 107 3 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 107 4 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 107 5 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 107 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 107 7 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 107 8 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 108 1 123–158 123–158 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 108 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 108 3 1964 1964 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 108 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 1 american american ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 109 2 scientific scientific ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 109 3 research research PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 4 journal journal NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 5 for for ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 109 6 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 8 technology technology NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 10 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 109 11 sciences science NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 12 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 13 asrjets asrjet NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 14 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 15 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 16 2019 2019 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 17 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 18 volume volume NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 109 19 56 56 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 20 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 21 no no DET american_scientific_journal-4902 109 22 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 109 24 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 109 25 182 182 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 26 - - SYM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 27 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 109 28 192 192 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 110 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 110 2 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 110 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 110 4 g. g. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 5 g. g. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 6 meyerhof meyerhof PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 8 s. s. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 9 k. k. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 10 mathur mathur PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 12 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 13 a. a. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 14 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 15 valsangkar valsangkar PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 17 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 18 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 19 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 20 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 21 deflection deflection NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 110 23 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 24 walls wall NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 25 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 26 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 27 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 110 28 layered layered ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 110 29 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 110 30 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 31 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 110 32 can can AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 110 33 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 111 1 geotech geotech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 111 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 112 1 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 112 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 112 3 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 112 4 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 112 5 18 18 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 112 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 112 7 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 112 8 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 112 9 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 112 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 112 11 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 112 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 113 1 159–170 159–170 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 113 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 113 3 may may AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 113 4 1981 1981 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 113 5 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 114 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 114 2 5 5 X american_scientific_journal-4902 114 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 114 4 y. y. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 5 v. v. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 6 s. s. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 7 n. n. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 8 prasad prasad PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 9 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 114 10 t. t. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 11 r. r. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 12 chari chari PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 114 14 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 114 15 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 114 16 capacity capacity NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 17 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 114 18 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 19 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 114 20 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 21 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 114 22 cohesionless cohesionless NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 23 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 24 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 114 25 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 114 26 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 114 27 found find VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 114 28 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 115 1 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 115 2 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 115 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 115 4 39 39 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 115 5 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 115 6 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 115 7 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 115 8 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 115 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 115 10 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 115 11 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 116 1 21–29 21–29 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 116 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 116 3 1999 1999 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 116 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 117 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 117 2 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 117 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 117 4 american american PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 5 petroleum petroleum PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 6 institute institute PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 117 8 planning planning NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 117 10 designing designing NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 117 12 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 117 13 constructing construct VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 117 14 fixed fix VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 117 15 offshore offshore ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 117 16 platforms platform NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 17 working work VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 117 18 stress stress NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 19 design design NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 117 20 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 118 1 dallas dallas PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 118 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 118 3 tex tex PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 118 4 : : PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 118 5 api api NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 118 6 publishing publishing NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 118 7 services service NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 118 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 118 9 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 118 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 119 2 7 7 X american_scientific_journal-4902 119 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 4 m. m. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 5 ashour ashour NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 6 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 119 7 g. g. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 8 norris norris PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 10 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 11 modeling model VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 119 12 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 119 13 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 14 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 15 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 16 response response NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 17 based base VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 119 18 on on ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 119 19 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 20 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 21 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 22 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 24 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 119 25 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 26 geotech geotech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 119 27 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 120 1 geoenvironmental geoenvironmental PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 120 2 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 120 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 120 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 120 5 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 120 6 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 121 1 126 126 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 121 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 121 3 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 121 4 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 121 5 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 121 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 121 7 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 121 8 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 122 1 420–428 420–428 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 122 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 122 3 2000 2000 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 122 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 123 2 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 123 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 123 4 a. a. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 5 abdel abdel PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 6 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 7 mohti mohti PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 8 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 9 y. y. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 10 khodair khodair PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 12 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 13 analytical analytical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 14 investigation investigation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 123 16 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 17 – – PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 18 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 19 interaction interaction NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 20 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 123 21 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 22 under under ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 123 23 axial axial ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 24 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 25 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 123 26 loads load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 27 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 28 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 123 29 int int NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 123 30 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 124 1 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 124 2 adv adv PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 124 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 124 4 struct struct NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 124 5 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 125 1 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 125 4 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 5 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 6 6 6 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 125 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 125 8 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 125 9 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 10 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 125 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 125 12 p. p. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 125 13 54 54 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 125 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 125 15 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 125 16 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 126 2 9 9 X american_scientific_journal-4902 126 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 126 4 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 5 m. m. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 6 abbas abbas PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 8 z. z. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 9 chik chik PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 11 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 126 12 m. m. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 13 r. r. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 14 taha taha PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 16 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 17 modelling modelling NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 18 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 126 19 assessment assessment NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 20 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 126 21 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 126 22 single single ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 126 23 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 24 subjected subject VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 126 25 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 126 26 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 126 27 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 28 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 29 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 126 30 stud stud NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 126 31 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 127 1 geotech geotech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 127 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 127 3 mech mech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 127 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 127 5 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 128 1 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 128 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 128 3 40 40 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 128 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 128 5 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 128 6 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 128 7 1 1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 128 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 128 9 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 128 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 129 1 65–78 65–78 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 129 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 129 3 2018 2018 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 129 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 130 2 10 10 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 130 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 4 m. m. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 5 a. a. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 6 al al PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 7 - - PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 8 neami neami PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 10 z. z. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 11 w. w. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 12 samueel samueel PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 14 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 15 m. m. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 16 m. m. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 17 al al PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 18 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 19 noori noori PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 20 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 21 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 22 experimental experimental ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 23 investigation investigation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 24 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 130 25 single single ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 26 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 27 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 28 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 29 groups group NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 30 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 31 subjected subject VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 130 32 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 130 33 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 34 load load NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 35 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 130 36 dry dry ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 37 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 38 under under ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 130 39 multilayered multilayered ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 130 40 condition condition NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 41 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 42 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 130 43 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 44 sci sci PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 130 45 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 131 1 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 131 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 132 1 res res PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 132 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 132 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 132 4 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 132 5 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 133 1 14 14 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 133 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 133 3 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 133 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 134 1 may may AUX american_scientific_journal-4902 134 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 134 3 pp pp ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 134 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 135 1 330–338 330–338 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 135 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 135 3 2018 2018 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 135 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 136 2 11 11 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 136 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 4 z. z. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 5 y. y. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 6 ai ai PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 8 y. y. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 9 f. f. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 10 chen chen PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 12 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 136 13 x. x. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 14 b. b. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 15 jiang jiang PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 16 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 17 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 18 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 19 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 136 20 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 136 21 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 136 22 vertically vertically ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 136 23 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 136 24 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 25 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 136 26 multilayered multilayere VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 136 27 transversely transversely ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 136 28 isotropic isotropic ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 136 29 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 30 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 31 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 136 32 appl appl NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 33 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 34 math math PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 136 35 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 137 1 model model PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 137 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 138 1 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 138 2 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 138 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 139 1 51 51 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 139 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 139 3 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 139 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 140 1 561–573 561–573 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 140 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 140 3 nov nov PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 140 4 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 140 5 2017 2017 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 140 6 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 141 2 12 12 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 141 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 4 l. l. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 5 zhang zhang PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 7 m. m. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 8 zhao zhao PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 10 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 141 11 x. x. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 12 zou zou PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 13 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 14 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 15 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 16 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 141 17 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 141 18 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 141 19 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 20 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 141 21 multilayered multilayere VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 141 22 soils soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 24 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 141 25 int int NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 141 26 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 142 1 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 2 geomech geomech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 142 5 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 6 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 7 15 15 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 142 8 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 142 9 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 142 10 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 11 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 142 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 142 13 p. p. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 14 06014017 06014017 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 142 15 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 142 16 apr apr NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 17 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 142 18 2015 2015 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 142 19 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 143 2 13 13 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 143 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 4 m. m. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 5 shazzath shazzath PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 6 hossain hossain PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 7 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 143 8 mohammad mohammad PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 10 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 11 behaviour behaviour NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 12 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 143 13 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 143 14 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 143 15 piles pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 16 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 143 17 layered layered ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 143 18 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 19 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 20 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 21 department department NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 22 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 143 23 civil civil ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 143 24 engineering engineering NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 25 ( ( PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 26 ce ce PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 143 27 ) ) PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 28 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 143 29 2014 2014 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 143 30 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 144 2 14 14 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 144 3 ] ] PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 4 a. a. NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 5 z. z. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 6 el el PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 7 wakil wakil PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 8 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 144 9 a. a. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 10 k. k. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 11 nazir nazir PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 12 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 13 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 14 behavior behavior NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 15 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 144 16 laterally laterally ADV american_scientific_journal-4902 144 17 loaded load VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 144 18 small small ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 144 19 scale scale NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 20 barrettes barrette NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 21 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 144 22 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 23 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 24 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 144 25 ain ain PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 26 shams sham NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 27 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 144 28 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 145 1 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 145 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 145 3 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 145 4 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 145 5 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 145 6 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 145 7 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 145 8 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 145 9 3 3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 145 10 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 145 11 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 145 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 146 1 343–350 343–350 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 146 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 146 3 sep sep PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 146 4 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 147 1 2013 2013 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 147 2 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 148 2 15 15 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 148 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 148 4 e. e. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 5 uncuoğlu uncuoğlu PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 6 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 148 7 m. m. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 8 laman laman PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 10 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 11 lateral lateral ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 148 12 resistance resistance NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 13 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 148 14 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 148 15 short short ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 148 16 rigid rigid ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 148 17 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 18 in in ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 148 19 a a DET american_scientific_journal-4902 148 20 two two NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 148 21 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 22 layer layer NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 23 cohesionless cohesionless NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 24 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 25 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 26 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 27 acta acta PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 28 geotech geotech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 29 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 148 30 slov slov PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 148 31 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 149 1 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 149 2 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 149 3 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 149 4 8 8 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 149 5 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 149 6 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 149 7 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 149 8 2 2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 149 9 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 149 10 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 149 11 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 150 1 5–17 5–17 NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 150 2 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 150 3 2011 2011 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 150 4 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 151 1 [ [ X american_scientific_journal-4902 151 2 16 16 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 151 3 ] ] X american_scientific_journal-4902 151 4 d. d. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 5 smith smith PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 6 trevor trevor PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 151 8 β€œ " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 151 9 pile pile ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 151 10 horizontal horizontal ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 151 11 soil soil NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 12 modulus modulus NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 13 values value NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 14 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 151 15 ” " PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 151 16 j. j. PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 17 geotech geotech PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 151 18 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 152 1 eng eng PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 152 2 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 152 3 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 152 4 vol vol NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 152 5 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 152 6 113 113 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 152 7 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 152 8 no no INTJ american_scientific_journal-4902 152 9 . . NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 152 10 9 9 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 152 11 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 152 12 pp pp ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 152 13 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 153 1 1040 1040 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 153 2 – – PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 153 3 1044 1044 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 153 4 , , PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 153 5 sep sep PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 153 6 . . PROPN american_scientific_journal-4902 153 7 1987 1987 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 153 8 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 154 1 2 2 X american_scientific_journal-4902 154 2 . . X american_scientific_journal-4902 154 3 theoretical theoretical ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 154 4 background background NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 154 5 3.1 3.1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 154 6 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 154 7 material material NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 154 8 used use VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 154 9 3.2 3.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 154 10 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 154 11 sand sand NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 154 12 deposit deposit NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 154 13 preparation preparation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 154 14 3.3 3.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 154 15 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 155 1 installation installation NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 155 3 pile pile NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 4 3.4 3.4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 155 5 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 155 6 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 7 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 8 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 155 9 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 10 procedure procedure NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 11 4 4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 155 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 155 13 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 14 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 15 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 155 16 discussion discussion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 155 17 4.1 4.1 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 155 18 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 156 1 model model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 156 2 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 156 3 results result VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 156 4 4.2 4.2 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 156 5 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 157 1 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 157 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 157 3 relative relative ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 157 4 density density NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 157 5 4.3 4.3 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 157 6 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 158 1 effect effect NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 158 2 of of ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 158 3 embedment embedment ADJ american_scientific_journal-4902 158 4 length length NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 158 5 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 158 6 to to ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 158 7 - - PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 158 8 diameter diameter NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 158 9 ratio ratio NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 158 10 4.4 4.4 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 158 11 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 159 1 comparison comparison NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 159 2 between between ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 159 3 test test NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 159 4 results result NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 159 5 and and CCONJ american_scientific_journal-4902 159 6 proposed propose VERB american_scientific_journal-4902 159 7 models model NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 159 8 from from ADP american_scientific_journal-4902 159 9 the the DET american_scientific_journal-4902 159 10 literature literature NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 159 11 5 5 NUM american_scientific_journal-4902 159 12 . . PUNCT american_scientific_journal-4902 160 1 conclusion conclusion NOUN american_scientific_journal-4902 160 2 references reference NOUN