140 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 © Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ Haemostatic Properties of Chrysophyllum Caïnito L. (Sapotaceae) in Wistar Rat Arsene Meaa*, Rodrigue Treya Yaob, Jean-claude Abo Kouakouc a,b,cDepartement of Animal Physiology, United of Research and Formation in Biosciences. University Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. 22 Bp 582 Abidjan 22 aEmail: mearsene@gmx.fr bEmail: Rodriguetreya@gmail.com cEmail: abojeanclaude2016@gmail.com Abstract The measure of certain blood parameters makes it possible to detect certain pathologies such as the hemophilia and leukemia among patients. Indeed, the aggregating and antiaggreganting activity of certain substances are known. It is a question in this work of checking the effect of the aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito (AECc) on blood. It is a comparative study between AECc and two products of synthesis known for purpose which are the dicynone and the aspirin in vivo in the rats wistar specie Rattus norvegicus. The time of bleeding (TB), the number of blood plates, the red blood corpuscle rate, of hemoglobin, the hematocrit and the sedimentation test (TS) were evaluated. During the first week, the evolution of the time of bleeding (TB) is not significant for all the animals. The second week and until the end of the treatment, the TB drops for the animals treated with EACc in an amount-dependant way. Thus the fall is of 4% for the amounts of 300 mg/kg b.w, 17.4% for the amounts of 500 mg/kg b.w and 30.43% for the amounts of 1000 mg/kg b.w at the end of the treatment. In the animals treated with the dicynone, the fall reaches 41.55% at the end of the thirty days of treatment. On the other hand, in the rats treated with the aspirin, the TB increases as from the second week and reached the rise of 17.40% at the end of the thirty days. On the blood plates, AECc varies their number of manner proportions dependant as of the first week on treatment. The number of blood plates increases by 07.69% and 15.38% for the amount of AECc of 300 mg/kg b.w, 15th and 30th day. The amount of 500 mg/kg b.w of AECc makes increase the number of plates of 09.89%, 21.97%, and 25.16%, respectively 5th, 15th and 30th day. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author. http://asrjetsjournal.org/ American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 141 The concentration of AECc of 1000 mg/kg b.w involves an increase in the plates of 22.31%, 27.36% and 33.07%, respectively with 5th, 15th and 30th day of treatment. The dicynone is managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w the number of blood plates passes thus from 910±85.83 to 915±88.0, 918±87.0 then 920±92.0; 5th, 15th and 30th days of treatment is 0.55%, 0.88% and 1.09%. This variation is nonsignificant. On the other hand the aspirin managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w cause a drop in the number of blood plates as of the 5th days with 900±88.2 then with 889±82.2 15th and 750±80.6 the 30th. These drops successive represent rates by -1%,-2.30% and -17.58%. The other factors such as the number of red blood corpuscles the rate of hemoglobin, the hematocrit and also the sedimentation test do not vary significantly before and during the treatment. Keywords: time of bleeding; rate of blood plates; hemoglobin; hematocrit. 1. Introduction Chrysophyllum caïnito or caïnitier is an exotic fruit tree (used in ornamentation of the gardens and avenues) to cultivate for its fruit called ``apple of milk'' or kainite which picking and does not fall to maturity. All the parts of the plant are very much used in traditional medicine: The ripe fruit is eaten to alleviate the ignitions of the laryngitis, pneumonia, the sweetened diabetes, the intestinal disorders [1]. The decoction of the bark is drunk like tonic and gastric stimulant, to stop the acute diarrhea, the dysentery, and gonorrhea [2]. The decoction of the sheets is used in the treatment of the sweetened diabetes [3]. Our investigations revealed that the decoction of the sheets is used to stop the haemorrhage postpartum in sub- Saharan Africa. However, according to WHO [4] and the UNICEF [5], the hemorrhages postpartum represent a risk factor of death nursery and infantile (newborn) in Africa and Asia. This work aims to check the hemostatic activity of the plant and to evaluate its effects of on the hematologic parameters in the rat wistar Rattus norgevicus species. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Materials 2.1.1. Vegetable material It is primarily composed of fresh sheets of Chrysophyllum caïnito collected in the national floristic center (CNF) of the University of Abidjan. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 142 The fresh sheets are carried to boiling during one hour (1h), in one liter and half of water (1.5l). Decocted is filtered initially on cotton then on filter paper Wattman n°1. The filtrate obtained is dried with the drying oven with 50°c during sixty twelve hours according to the method improved by Abo [6]. The dry aqueous extract obtained in the form of powder is weighed and diluted to constitute the extracts tests or the aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito (AECc). 2.1.2. Animal material Rats of Wistar stock, Rattus norgevicus species (Murideae), high in the animalery of the Laboratory of Animal Physiology (Training and Research Unit of Biosciences) under conditions standard at the temperature of 24°c were used for the realization of the tests. 2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Experimental methods 2.2.1.1. Time of bleeding Thirty (30) rats of the two sexes weighing between 100g and 130g were left again in six (6) groups of five (5) rats each one. The every day by oral way, the rats of the batch n°1 (pilot batch) are nourished with granulated and receive 2 ml of water distilled in addition to the quantity necessary. The rats of the batches tests 2; 3 and 4 are nourished with same the pellets and respectively receive 2 ml of 300 mg/kg body weight (b.w), 500 mg/kg b.w and 1000 mg /Kg b.w of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum caïnito in addition to the quantity of water necessary. The batch n°5 receives 2 ml of 500 mg/kg b.w of aspirin and the batch n°6 receives 2 ml of 500 mg/kg b.w of dicynone in addition to water necessary. The animals are thus treated during thirty days (1 month). The time of bleeding is given for each rat of each batch before the beginning of experimentation by the method of Duke. Technique of Duke: After local disinfection with alcohol, an incision of a few millimeters, nonpainful, is carried out using a small point (“microlance”) at the end of the tail. As soon as the first blood drops appear, a stop watch is started. The blood drops are collected every 30 seconds on a blotter until the stop of the bleeding. The time of bleeding is thus determined. 2.2.1.2. Numeration formulates blood (NFB) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 143 It is carried out using a hematologic analyzer automated KX-21N mc of Symex on blood taken in a tube containing of the EDTA. The automat used makes it possible to read directly: The number of white globules (/µl) The number of red globules (Red blood corpuscles) (/µl) The rate of hemoglobin (g/dl) The rate of hematocrit (%) The number of plates (/µl) Average globular volume in hemoglobin Average globular concentration in hemoglobin Corpuscular content means of hemoglobin 2.2.1.3. Sedimentation test (TS) The animals are anaesthetized with the ethylcarbamate (1g/kg b.w). A dissection on the level it neck makes it possible to expose the carotids. The blood is collected in a syringe containing of the anticoagulant. The blood of each animal of each batch is versed in graduated test-tubes of 10 ml containing 1ml anticoagulant (NaCl 9‰ solution + heparin). Every hour, the level of the supernatant in each test-tube is noted. This level is equivalent to the drop height of the blood cells evaluated in millimeter per hour (mmh). It is the speed of decantation or blood sedimentation (VS). 2.2.1.4. Phytochemical screening The description of made up the bioactifs contained in the aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito was done by tests of characterization of the chemical compounds. It is based on the principle of induction of chemical reactions in the presence of suitable reagents (see table 1). 2.3. Treatment of the results *Statistical analyzes The computer program GraphPadInstat6 (San Diégo CA, the USA) was used for the statistical analysis of the American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 144 results and to draw the graphs. Values are given as mean followed by standard error of the mean (mean ± sem). The difference between two values is determined by the test in Student-Newmann-Kreul comparison test. It was significant for a probability superior to 5% (p< 0.05) (*). Table 1: reactions of description of composed in the aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito Required compound Reaction/Reactive Results Polyphenols Ferricchloride + Sterols and polyterpenes Liebermann-Bouchard + Flavonoïdes The cyanidine + Saponosides Vigorous agitation - Quinoidcompounds Borntraeger - Alkaloids Dragendorff + Bouchardât + Tannins catechic Stiasny - Gallic tannins Hydrochloricacid - (+): composed detected (present) (-): composed not detected (absent) 3. Results 3.1. The time of bleeding (TB) in seconds (S) Table 2 shows the mean values and the standards errors of the time of bleeding of the rats of each batch for one month of treatment. The time of average bleeding in the rats before treatment is about 240±10.6 seconds. In the pilot rats, the variation of the TS is not significant during the experimentation. During the first week, the evolution of the TS is not significant for all the animals (figure1). The TB drops the second week and until the end of the treatment, for the animals treated with AECc in an amount-dependant way. Thus the fall is of 4% for the amounts of 300 mg/kg b.w, 17.4% for the amounts of 500 mg/kg b.w and 30.43% for the amounts of 1000 mg/kg b.w at the end of the treatment. For the animals treated with the dicynone the fall reaches 41.55% at the end of the thirty days of treatment. On the other hand, in the rats treated with the aspirin, the TB increases as from the second week and reached the rise of 17.40% at the end of the thirty days. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 145 Table 2: evolution of the time of bleeding (TB) according to time Time (days) Pilot batch Batch treated AECc (300 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated AECc (500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated AECc (1000 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 0 230 11.4 229 10.2 230 09.7 230 09.9 23.0 10.6 5 233 12.0 228 09.5 222 13.0 200 11.7 240 10.0 15 235 10.6 225 11.1 200 13.0 180 09.5 260 09.4 30 240 10.6 220 10.0 190 11.0 160 10.3 270 09.5 0 230 11.4 229 10.2 230 09.7 230 09.9 23.0 10.6 Figure 1: evolution of the time of bleeding according to the processing time 3.2. AECc effect on the blood plates (103/µl) The rate of blood plates is evaluated before the tests for each rat of each batch. It is about 910±85.83. Table 3 shows the evolution of the average quantity of the blood plates during the experimentation. In the pilot rats, the variation of the rate of plates is not significant during the experiment. As of the first week of treatment, the rate of blood plates varies in manner proportions dependant compared to the pilot rats. As from the 15th day, the rate of blood plates passes to 980±89.00, then with 1050±87.67 the 30th day; that is to say a rise of 07.69% and 15.38% for the amount of AECc of 300 mg/kg b.w. The amount of 500 mg/kg b.w of AECc increases the rate of plate as of the 5th day. The rate passes from 910±85.83 to 1000±80.68, 1110±90.0 and 1139±89.50. What is equivalent to rates of variation of 09.89%, 21.97%, and 25.16%. This rate is significant as of the second week. Evolution of bleeding time 0, 5, 15, 30, 0 100 200 300 Pilot AECc 300 EACc 500 AECc 1000 Aspirin 500 Dicynone 500 * ** ** *** ns Processing time (days) Bl ee din g t im e ( s) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 146 The concentration of AECc of 1000 mg/kg b.w involves a significant growth of the blood plates as of the 5th day. The quantity of the plates passes from 910±85.83 to 1113±85.3, 1159±87.7 and 1211±90.2. That is to say a successive variation of 22.31%, 27.36% and 33.07%. The dicynone managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w does not involve significant variation of the rate of blood plates. The rate thus passes from 910±85.83 to 915±88.0, 918±87.0 and 920±92.0 5th, 15th and 30th days of treatment. On the other hand the aspirin managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w cause a drop in the rate of blood plates as of the 5th days with 900±88.2 then with 889±82.2 15th and 750±80.6 the 30th. These drops successive represent rates by -1%,-2.30% and -17.58%. The fall becomes significant only at the end of thirty days of treatment (figure 2). Table 3: variation of the rate of blood plates according to time (x103/µl) Time (days) Pilot batch Batch treated EACc (300 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (1000 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Dicynone 500 mg/kg b.w) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 0 910 92.3 909 95.0 910 70.0 910 80.1 910 87.6 910 90.0 5 910 88.9 910 93.5 1000 80.7 1113 85.3 900 88.2 914 88.0 15 913 89.9 980 89.0 1110 90.0 1159 87.7 889 82.2 918 87.0 30 930 83.2 1050 87.7 1139 89.5 1211 90.2 750 80.6 920 92.0 0 910 92.3 909 95.0 910 70.0 910 80.1 910 87.6 910 90.0 Evolution of the quantity of blood plates 0, 5, 15 , 30 , 0 500 1000 1500 Pilot AECc 300 AECc 500 AECc 1000 Aspirin 500 Dicynone 500 ns * ** ** * Processing time (days) Q ua nt ity o f p la te s (1 03 /µ l) Figure 2: evolution of the volume of blood plates according to the processing time American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 147 3.3. AECc effect on the quantity of red blood corpuscles (106/µl) The normal quantity of red blood corpuscles for all the rats is estimated at 7.22±1.80 x 106 µl. Table 4 shows the variation of the quantity of red blood corpuscles per batch of the animals subjected to the experimentation. In the pilot rats one can say that this rate practically does not vary it or the variation is not significant. The animals treated with EACc with the amounts of 300 mg/kg b.w and 500 mg/kg b.w, the quantity of red blood corpuscles do not vary significantly. The amount of 1000 mg/kg b.w does not make not varied significantly the red blood corpuscle rate the first 5 days. From the second week of treatment it lowers with 5.90±1.67 x106 µl and at the end of thirty days with 5.88±1.69 x 106 µl is a reduction of -18%. At the rats treated with aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w, the red blood corpuscle rate significantly does not vary the first week passing of 7.20 x106 µl with 7.00±1.68 x 106µl and dice the second week it drops with 5.57±1.75 and 5.30±1.70 x106µl is -26.39%. In the animals treated with the dicynone the variation of the red blood corpuscle rate is nonsignificant. The quantity successively passes from 7.22±1.80 to 7.29±1.67, 7.35±1.59 and 7.46±1.70 x 106 µl respectively 5th, 15th and 30th days. Table 4: evolution of the red blood corpuscle rate according to time (x106/µl) Time (days) Pilot batch Batch treated AECc (300 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (1000 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Dicynone 500 mg/kg b.w) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 0 7.22 1.59 7.23 1.98 7.23 1.79 7.22 1.79 7.23 1.80 7.22 1.66 5 7.21 1.69 7.21 1.72 7.20 1.68 7.14 1.46 7.00 1.68 7.29 1.67 15 7.20 1.66 7.19 1.67 7.20 1.58 5.90 1.67 5.57 1.70 7.35 1.59 30 7.19 1.70 7.19 1.90 7.19 1.69 5.88 1.69 5.30 1.75 7.46 1.70 0 7.22 1.59 7.23 1.98 7.23 1.79 7.22 1.79 7.23 1.80 7.22 1.66 3.4. AECc effect on the rate of hemoglobin (g/dl) Before the treatment, the average rate of hemoglobin in the rats is estimated at 12.35±2.90 g/dl. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 148 In the pilot rats, the rate of hemoglobin does not vary significantly. The rats treated with 300 mg/kg b.w, 500 mg/kg b.w and 1000 mg/kg b.w of AECc have a rate of hemoglobin which does not vary significantly compared to the normal. In the rats treated with 500 mg/kg b.w of dicynone, the variation is not significant during all the experimentation (table 4). The aspirin with 500 mg/kg b.w, does not have a significant effect on the rate of hemoglobin during the first week of treatment. During the second week and until the end of the month, the rate of hemoglobin drops slightly (17.07%) Table 5: evolution of the rate of hemoglobin according to time (g/dl) Time (days) Pilot batch Batch treated EACc (300 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated EACc (1000 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Dicynone 500 mg/kg b.w) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 0 12.3 2.82 12.4 2.70 12.4 2.87 12.4 2.76 12.4 2.70 12.3 2.80 5 12.3 2.85 12.4 2.87 12.3 2.78 12.2 2.80 11.6 2.86 12.3 2.89 15 12.3 2.73 12.3 3.05 12.3 2.50 11.4 2.88 11.0 2.99 12.4 2.67 30 12.3 2.78 12.3 3.10 12.3 2.92 11.1 2.96 10.2 3.04 12.4 2.90 0 12.3 2.82 12.4 2.70 12.4 2.87 12.4 2.76 12.4 2.70 12.3 2.80 3.5. AECc effect on the hematocrit (%) The hematocrit in the rats before the treatment is of 40.81±80. In the pilot rats, it does not vary significantly throughout the experimentation (table 6). For the rats treated with AECc the variation are not significant during the experimentation. In the same way, the rats treated with the dicynone, the hematocrit does not vary significantly. The rats which are treated with aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w, the hematocrit drops with 31.25± 7.39% at the end of thirty days. The equivalent of a fall of 23.43% compared to the normal. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 149 Table 6: evolution of the hematocrit according to time (%) Time (days) Pilot batch Batch treated EACc (300 Mg/kg PC) Batch treated EACc (500 Mg/kg PC) Batch treated EACc (1000 Mg/kg PC) Batch treated Aspirin 500 Mg/kg PC) Batch treated Dicynone 500 Mg/kg PC) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 0 40.8 7.50 40.8 7.40 40.8 7.05 40.8 7.50 40.8 7.28 40.8 7.09 5 40.1 8.24 40.0 8.05 39.8 7.99 37.0 7.80 40.6 7.39 40.6 7.70 15 39.6 8.25 39.8 8.08 39.4 8.02 36.8 8.02 32.5 7.44 39.1 7.96 30 39.0 8.85 39.1 8.96 38.0 8.80 36.3 10.1 31.2 8.03 38.5 8.05 0 40.8 7.50 40.8 7.40 40.8 7.05 40.8 7.50 40.8 7.28 40.8 7.09 3.6. AECc effect on the sedimentation test (VS) in millimeter per hour (mm/h) The sedimentation test is high in all the hanging tubes the first two hours. Indeed, the blood elements heaviest settle quickly. In all the tubes the level of clear supernatant, the equivalent drop height of the elements, is around 10 mm (1cm) at the end of the experimentation. The noted variations are not significant enough between the various tubes at the same time by the multiple test of comparison. Thus, the blood of the pilot animals and that of those having undergone the various treatments have virtually identical VS under our experimental conditions (table 7). Table 7: evolution of sedimentation test (mm/h) Time (h) Pilot batch Batch treated AECc (300 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated AECc (500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated AECc (1000 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Aspirin 500 mg/kg b.w) Batch treated Dicynone 500 mg/kg b.w) mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem mean sem 1 3.00 0.15 3.00 0.17 3.5 0.18 3.5 0.15 3.50 0.16 3.00 0.15 2 2.5 0.18 2.5 0.14 2.5 0.17 3.00 0.19 3.00 0.18 2.50 0.16 3 2.00 0.16 2.00 0.18 1.5 0.15 1.5 0.16 1.5 0.20 2.00 0.17 4 1.00 0.19 1.5 0.20 1.5 0.18 1.5 0.10 1.00 0.14 1.50 0.18 5 0.5 0.19 1.00 0.19 1.00 0.17 0.5 0.18 0.50 0.19 1.00 0.20 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 150 4. Discussion The administration of AECc involves a reduction in the time of bleeding. That is similar to the effect of the natural substance extract ethanolic such as Chromolaena odorata over the time of bleeding of the albino rats [7]. The time of bleeding is a total test of exploration of the primary education haemostasis appreciated by the stop of a bleeding caused by a cutaneous incision. It is influenced by: -Plate factors (qualitative + quantitative) -Factor of von Willebrand [8]. The AECc effect goes as that of the dicynone which has known haemostatic effects. And of the contrary results to that of the aspirin, known anti-haemostatic substance. Indeed, the dicynone or Ethamsylate increases resistance capillary endothelium and the promotion of the adhesion of the plates [9]. It also inhibits the biosynthesis and the action of the prostaglandins which cause plate disintegration, the vasodilatation and the increase in the capillary permeability [10]. Etamsylate is a haemostatic agent; also support the action aggregating neuroprotector. Its haemostatic action is due to the activation of the formation of thromboplastine of the damaged sites of small blood-vessels and the reduction in the PGI2 (I2 prostacyclin) synthesis [11]. It also facilitates the plate aggregation and of adherence, which finally causes the reduction and the stop of the hemorrhage [12]. One observes also an increase in the rate of blood plates in the animals treated with AECc. Whereas this rate does not vary significantly in the animals treated with the dicynone and is in fall at those treated with the aspirin. AECc would thus have a stimulative action of the thrombopoïesis and the plate release starting from osseous marrow. The increase in the rate of blood plates supports coagulation. The plate cells are responsible for the formation of the plate nail in the event of vascular lesion. Their role is important as well in the primary haemostasis as secondary [13]. The effect AECc is contrary with that of the aspirin. The aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a plate drug antiaggregant. It does not inhibit the plate function among patients [14, 15, 16]. On the other factors of the NFS which are the quantity of red blood corpuscles, the rate of hemoglobin and the hematocrit, AECc just as the dicynone do not modify these parameters significantly. Any long-term time and at strong amount of AECc the variations observed can be put in connection with toxicity. For example, in the rat one records a fall of the plate rate after administration at long life of the aspirin. The proliferation of blood plates in an animal organization in situation normal is source of obstruction to blood https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_sanguine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocyte https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_de_von_Willebrand American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 151 circulation. The cardiovascular accidents and certain cancers occur following a thrombosis [17, 18, 19, 20] The variations of red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin and the hematocrit are dependant. The significant variations are observed among feeble patients [21, 22, 23]. At the normal subjects, these parameters vary very little. Thus in the animals treated or not, one observes a nonsignificant variation. The phytochemical screening carried out one shows the presence of compounds polyphenolic and flavonoïdes. Work of N’guessan [24] indicated that the content of flavonoïdes seeds of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) would be responsible for its effect antihemorragic. The sheets of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) were used a long time to calm the uterine bleedings, because of polyphenols of the coumarins types which act against the visceral hemorrhages [25]. In the same way, work of Nacoulma [26] and Jairj [27] showed that the strong contents of certain medicinal plants of flavonoïdes are responsible for their effect antihemorragic. 5. Conclusion One can thus conclude that the presence of polyphenols and flavonoïdes in AECc makes substance antihemorrhagic some. Any time, the use in pharmacopeia must be controlled because the strong amounts with long term could involve circulatory troubles. This substance can be used in the event of urgency (hemorrhagic situation) in partnership with the dicynone to accelerate coagulation. References [1] J.L. Longuefosse. 100 caraïbes medicinal plants. Gondwana Editions. 240p. 1995 [2] V. Le Bellec and F. Le Bellec. Antilles Lesser trees. Vol. 2. PLB Editions. 128p. 2010 [3] K. N’guessan ; K.E. Amoikon ; M.S. Tiebre ; B. Kadja ; G.N. Zihiri. Effet de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Chrosophyllum cainito sur la glycémie des lapins diabétiques. Rev. Afri. de pharmacie et pharmacologie. 3(10) : pp 501-506. 2009 [4] WHO. Maternal mortality in 2005: WHO UNICEF, UNFPA and BM estimate. 20 Appia avenue, 1211 Genève 27 (Suisse). Pp 16-22. 2007 [5] UNICEF. Maternal and newborn health. The situation of children in the world.Newyork. ( 7-8) p 168. 2009 [6] J.C. K. Abo., K. L. Kouakou; A. Yapo. Hypotensive and antihypertensive affects of total aqueous extract of Justicia secunda Valm M. (Acanthaceae) in Rabbits. Intern. Journal of Sciences and Research vol. 5 (5): pp 1455-62. 2016 [7] S.C. Akomas and S.N. Ijioma. Bleeding and clothing time effect of ethanolic extracts of Chromolaena American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 152 odorata versus Ocimum gratissimum treated albino rats. Journals of Medical Sciences. Vol. 2(1): pp 9- 13. 2014 [8] Y.L. Chee; M. Greaves. Role of coagulation testing in predicting bleeding risk. Hematol. Journal. 4(6) : pp 373-8. 2003 [9] J.J. Schulte; J. Osborne; J.W. Benson; R. Cooke; M. Drayton; J. Murphy; J. Rennie; B. Speidel. Developmental outcome of the use of etamsylate for prevention of periventricular haemorrhage in a randomised controlled trial. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 90 (1): pp 31–35. 2005 [10] L. Kovács; G. Falkay. Etamsylate as inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis in pregnant human myometrium in vitro. Experientia 37 (11): pp 1182–1183. 1981 [11] Martindale. The Complete Drug Reference, 36th edition, p-1065 Drug-Etamsylate: 3712p. Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN-13: 978-0853698425. 2009 [12] R.W. Hunt. Etamsylate for prevention of periventricular haemorrhage. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition 90 (1): pp 3–5. 2005 [13] L.D. Casa; D.H. Deaton; D.N. Ku. Role of high shear rate in thrombosis. J. Vasc. Surg. 61(4): pp 1068-80. 2015 [14] E.L. Grove. Antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease. Dan. Med J. 59(9): B4506. 2012 [15] M. Würtz. Aspirin in coronary artery disease: an appraisal of functions and limitations. Dan Med J. 62(4):B5011. 2015 [16] C.D. Eichinger; A.L. Fogelson ; V. Hlady . Functional assay of antiplatelet drugs based on margination of platelets in flowing blood. Biointerphases. 11(2):029805. doi: 10.1116/1.4945305;.30 jun. 2016. [17]Nomura S, Niki M, Nisizawa T, Tamaki T, Shimizu M. Microparticles as Biomarkers of Blood Coagulation in Cancer. Biomark Cancer. 1(7): pp 51-6. 2015 [18] E. Campello ; L. Spiezia ; C.M. Radu ; C. Bulato ; M. Castelli ; S. Gavasso ; P. Simioni. Endothelial, platelet, and tissue factor-bearing microparticles in cancer patients with and without venous thromboembolism.ThrombRes. 127(5): pp 473-7. 2011 [19] K.B. Neeves ; A.A. Onasoga ; R.R. Hansen ; J.J. Lilly ; D. Venckunaite ; M.B. Sumner , A.T. Irish ; G. Brodsky ; M.J. Manco-Johnson ; J.A. Di Paola. Sources of variability in platelet accumulation on type 1 fibrillar collagen in microfluidic flow assays. PLoS One.; 8(1):e54680. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054680. Epub 23 jan. 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Chee%20YL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14671609 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Greaves%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14671609 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721806 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721806 http://fn.bmj.com/content/90/1/F3.full.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Casa%20LD%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=25704412 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Deaton%20DH%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=25704412 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ku%20DN%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=25704412 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25704412 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grove%20EL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22951204 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951204 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=W%C3%BCrtz%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=25872543 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25872543 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eichinger%20CD%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27030476 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fogelson%20AL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27030476 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hlady%20V%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27030476 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27030476 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nomura%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26462252 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Niki%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26462252 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nisizawa%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26462252 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Tamaki%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26462252 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shimizu%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26462252 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Campello%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Spiezia%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Radu%20CM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Bulato%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Castelli%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gavasso%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Simioni%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21256535 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Neeves%20KB%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Onasoga%20AA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hansen%20RR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lilly%20JJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Venckunaite%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Sumner%20MB%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Irish%20AT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Irish%20AT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Brodsky%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Manco-Johnson%20MJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Di%20Paola%20JA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23355889 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355889/ American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 2, pp 140-153 153 [20] Stephens G, He M, Wong C, Jurek M, Luedemann HC, Shapurian G, Munnelly K, Muir C, Conley PB, Phillips DR, Andre P. Development of a perfusion chamber assay to study in real time the kinetics of thrombosis and the antithrombotic characteristics of antiplatelet drugs. Thromb J. 1;10(1): p 11. 2012 [21] J.I. Elizalde , J. Clemente ; J.L. Marín ; J. Panés ; B. Aragón ; A. Mas ; J.M. Piqué ; J. Terés . Early changes in hemoglobin and hematocritlevels after packed red cell transfusion in patients with acute anemia. Transfusion 37(6): pp 573-6. 1997 [22] C.H. Weng; J.B. Chen; J. Wang; C.C. Wu; Y. Yu; T.H. Lin. "Surgically Curable Non-Iron Deficiency Microcytic Anemia: Castleman's Disease.".Onkologie 34 (8-9): pp 456–8. 2011 [23] R. Zarychanski, D.S. Houston. "Anemia of chronic disease -- a harmful disorder, or a beneficial, adaptive response?"Can. Med. Assoc. J. 179 (4): pp 333–7. 2008 [24]K. N’guessan, K. Beugre, N.Z. Guede, T. Dossahoua, L. Ake-Assi. Screening phytochimique de quelques plantes médicinales ivoiriennes utilisées en pays Krobou (Agboville, Côte-d’Ivoire). Sciences et Nature, Vol. 6(1) : pp 1-15. 2009 [25] A. Bouquet and M. Debray. Plantes médicinales de Côte d’Ivoire. Imprimerie Louis Jean, Paris (France). 232p. 1974 [26] O.G. Nacoulma. Plantes médicinales et pratiques médicales traditionnelles au Burkina Faso: cas du plateau central. Thèse d’état, Université de Ouagadougou, 1996; 574p. 1996 [27] P. Jairj, Y. Wongkrajang, S. Thongpraditchote, P. Peungvicha, N. Bunyapraphatsara, N. Opartkiattikul. Guava leaf extract and topical haemostasis. Phytother. Res. 14 : pp 388-391. 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stephens%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=He%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wong%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Jurek%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Luedemann%20HC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shapurian%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Munnelly%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Muir%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Conley%20PB%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Phillips%20DR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Andre%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22852789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Elizalde%20JI%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Clemente%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mar%C3%ADn%20JL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pan%C3%A9s%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Arag%C3%B3n%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mas%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Piqu%C3%A9%20JM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ter%C3%A9s%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=9191816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9191816 http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?DOI=000331283&typ=pdf http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?DOI=000331283&typ=pdf