206 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 © Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ Analysis and Validation of a Designed Solar Chimney with 50 KW Output Power between 7 AM and 5 PM during a Year as a Power Supply Unit for Bushehr Province, Iran Nima Ghiasia, Mehran Zarkeshb, Abbas Sadric* a,bAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dashtestan Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Province, Iran cPhD student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dashtestan Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Province, Iran (Corresponding author) aEmail: Nima_Ghiasi_te@yahoo.co.uk, bEmail: Zarkesh1385@yahoo.com cEmail: Sadri.Abbas1359@gmail.com Abstract The aim of the current research is analysis and validation of a solar tower (chimney) designed for power generation in southern provinces of Iran, especially in Bushehr province. The analysis consists of preparing and drawing the graphs of solar irradiance intensity on horizontal planes, analysis of solar tower without storing, preparing graphs considering the diameter of collector (absorber or receiver), height of tower and diameter of turbine in 50 kW output power. Already, the amount of received solar energy is computed by available relationships governing on tower elements as a set of codes in MATLAB. In addition, experimental data is already used to validate the results obtained from finite element software FLUENT. In the current research, the obtained results from graphs produced by computer softwares (EXCEL and FLUENT) with 50 kW daily output power (from 7 AM to 5 PM during a year) are analyzed and validated comparing to the model produced in Manzanares, Spain. The obtained results are represented in two parts: the first one shows characteristic curve of solar towers (i.e. a curve representing the relationship between tower elements in a given power); the second part shows the variable output power during a day. It is obvious from characteristic curves that in low powers and small diameters, turbine needs large size receiver and high equivalent height. Considering the cost effectiveness conditions, it can scientifically compete with the produced model. Keywords: Bushehr province; Analysis and validation; Solar tower (chimney); Solar turbine; MATLAB; Solar collector (receiver); Characteristic curves; EXCEL and FLUENT softwares. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author. http://asrjetsjournal.org/ American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 207 1. Introduction Economic assessments based on the collected information and previous experiments have been shown that large solar towers (higher than 100 MW) have power generation capacity with costs comparable to traditional power plants (Badenwerk and EVS, 1997). This fact can be a reasonable reason for developing this type of solar energy consumption in large scale and establishing applicable sections from economic point of view. In the future energy economy, solar towers can be safe (from environmental point of view) and economic electricity generation method for sunny regions. Three main components of initial plan of a solar tower – solar collector, chimney or tower and wind turbines – are constant for many years. Their combination for power generation was described in 1931. Haaf (1983, 1984) represented the results of experiments and the theory of first solar tower in Manzanares, Spain [11,12]. The obtained results in Manzanares discussed by Schlaich (1990). In 1995, he reviewed this process. In 1997, Kreeetz introduced the concept of updraft water tubes beneath the collector ceiling for heat storing [1,10,13,14]. Gannon and Backstrom represented the analysis of thermodynamic cycle of solar tower and an analysis of turbine characteristics in 2000 and 2003, respectively. In 2003, Ruprecht reported the results of fluid dynamic analysis and turbine plan for a 200 MW solar tower. Currently, a 200 MW solar tower project is under construction in Australia by a German company under supervision of Prof. Jorg Schlaich that will be completed in 2010. The appropriate weather conditions in Australia for such type of solar power plant, very high isolation planes, plenty of straight lands, high demands for electricity and the presence of Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) will lead to 9500 GWh power generation between 2010 to 2020 [1,14]. Here, two cases of solar analysis are described:  Solar tower analysis without storing  Modelling the problem as a characteristic curve by a software 2. Solar tower analysis without storing In the current paper, the geographical position of Bushehr province is firstly assessed to determine the amount of irradiation energy and the related experimental relationships for obtaining the irradiation intensity in various months of the year. After assessment of solar irradiation intensity in various months of the year (that is the supply source of energy), energy chain equations are considered for various parts of the plan including collector, glass cover, air between collector and glass cover and then, momentum equation for velocity analysis in the tower and the governing equations on the turbine are considered for obtaining 50 kW output power. Through simultaneous solving the above equations, the desired parameters of the problem such as temperature entered to solar tower, diameter of collector, height of tower, air velocity entered to the turbine and diameter of turbine can be obtained. In order to continuing the operation of solar tower over the night, updraft water tubes with sizes obtained from the mentioned equations are used. After analyzing the previous design steps such as determining the size of various parts of plan, economic comparability of the plan is controlled with the model produced in Manzanares, Spain [1,14]. The aims of the plan are including: 1. Evaluation of geographical position of Bushehr province to determine the amount of received solar irradiance energy 2. Obtaining the solar irradiance intensity in various months of the year in Bushehr province 3. Analyzing momentum energy chain equations for various parts of the plan in order to generate 50 kW power 4. Software analyses of the equations in order to determine: American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 208 a) collector size, temperature entered to the turbine b) height of solar tower c) Kaplan turbine size 5. Economic justification of the plan compared to power generated in the model produced in Manzanares, Spain. Figure (1) shows the schematic view of the designed solar tower and its elements in R-Z coordinate: Figure 1: Schematic view of the designed solar tower and its elements in R-Z coordinate [1, 6, 10, 19] 3. General governing equations for determining output values [1, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15] 3.1. Calculation of collector values 1. General transformation equations Diν(pφU�) = diν (ηgradφ) + sφ (1-1) 𝑢𝑢�⃗ = 𝜈𝜈𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟���⃗ + 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝑒𝑒𝑧𝑧���⃗ (1-2) 2. Energy equation obtained from Gauss divergence theory: dν ∫An. (ρ ϕ u )dA = ∫A n( η grand ϕ ) dA + ∫c.νsφ 3. Determining angle δ: δ = 23.4sin 360n 365 4. Irradiance values for days in a year outside of the atmosphere: Gon = Gsc �1 + 0.033cos �360 (𝑛𝑛+81) 365 �� (1-4) Gon = Gsc �1 + 0.033𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 �360(𝑛𝑛+81) 365 �� × [𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 . 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 .𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶] (2-4) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 209 5. Ratio of direct radiation on an inclined plane relative to horizontal plane: Rb = 𝐺𝐺𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐺𝐺𝑏𝑏ℎ = 𝐺𝐺𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐺𝐺𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑧𝑧 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑧𝑧 6. Determining the amount of scattered radiation: Id Ih = 1 – 0.249 KT for KT < 0.35 (1-6) Id Ih = 1.557 – 1.84 KT for 0.35 < KT < 0.75 (2-6) 7. Determining direct radiation: Ib= Ih – Id 8. Amount of radiation on inclined plane: IT = Ib Rb + Id ( I + Cos𝛽𝛽) /2 + 𝜌𝜌g( Ib + Id) (1 – Cos𝛽𝛽 )/2 9. Determining solar hour: Solar time – Local time = 4(Lst - Lloc) + E (1-9) E = 9.87 Sin 2𝛽𝛽 – 7.23 Cos𝛽𝛽 – 1.5 Sin𝛽𝛽 , β = 360𝑛𝑛 364 (2-9) 10. Density and environmental specific heat capacity in the entrance of the tower between 300 and 350 Kelvin: 𝜌𝜌 = 1.1614 − 0.00353(T − 300) (1-10) 𝐶𝐶𝜌𝜌 = �1.007 + 0.00004(T − 300)� . 103 (2-10) 11. Heat transfer coefficients on the flux between plastic cover and air and or absorber plane and air: Nu x = 1 √𝜋𝜋 �𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 pr ( 1+1.7pr 1 4+ 21.36pr) 1 6 Re ≺ 5 × 105 (1-11) Nu ave = 2Nux baehr and Stephan (1996) (2-11) Num = 0.037 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅0.8 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 ( 1+2.443 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅−0.1(𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 2 3−1) 5 × 105 ≺ Re ≺ 107 (3-11) 0.6 ≺ pr ≺ 200 petukhov and popov (1963) (4-11) Num = �𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚 + 𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑢𝑡𝑡 Schlichting (1999) (5-11) 12. Determining the velocity and flow rate of collector: 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 = 2𝜋𝜋 3 (𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛+13 − 𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛3) (1-12) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 210 𝒬𝒬 = ∫ 𝑢𝑢 𝐴𝐴 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝒬𝒬 = 𝑉𝑉𝜋𝜋𝐷𝐷 2 4 , 𝑉𝑉 = 𝒬𝒬 𝐴𝐴 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝑉𝑉 = 4𝒬𝒬 𝜋𝜋𝐷𝐷2 (2-12) 13. Heat flux absorbed by earth: 𝒬𝒬 𝐴𝐴 = [𝐼𝐼. 𝜏𝜏2 + 𝐼𝐼. 𝜏𝜏2.𝜌𝜌1𝜌𝜌2 + 𝛼𝛼𝐼𝐼. 𝜏𝜏2.𝜌𝜌1 2 𝜌𝜌2 2 + … ]𝛼𝛼1 = 𝐼𝐼. 𝜏𝜏2𝛼𝛼1 ∑ �𝜌𝜌1𝜌𝜌2� 𝑛𝑛∞ 𝑛𝑛=0 = 𝐼𝐼.𝜏𝜏2𝛼𝛼1 1−𝜌𝜌1𝜌𝜌2 14. Determining the radius, area and perimeter of collector: 𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛+13 = (3𝜋𝜋 2 𝑉𝑉𝑛𝑛 + 𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛3) 1 3 (1-14) dA = 2 𝜋𝜋 R dr , dr ∈ dx, dy, dz (2-14) S = �∆x2 + ∆y2 + ∆z2 (3-14) 15. Conductive heat transfer coefficient between two planes (bottom of collector and cover ceiling): 𝐾𝐾 = 2 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 𝜌𝜌𝜔𝜔 𝜌𝜌𝑓𝑓 16. Radiative heat transfer coefficient between two planes (bottom of collector and cover ceiling): hr = σ�Tp2+ Tg2�(Tp+Tg) ( 1εp + 1εg −1) 17. Heat transfer coefficient between two planes: 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖− 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏𝑡𝑡𝑏𝑏 = 𝑈𝑈𝑑𝑑 (𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑅𝑅 − 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) (1-17) 𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑎𝑎𝑓𝑓̋ = 𝜎𝜎(𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝4− 𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔4) 1 𝜀𝜀𝑝𝑝 + 1𝜀𝜀𝑔𝑔 −1+∑ (𝑁𝑁 𝑏𝑏=1 𝜀𝜀𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝+𝜀𝜀𝑏𝑏𝑔𝑔−1) (2-17) 𝑞𝑞𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑓𝑓̋ = 𝜎𝜎(𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝4− 𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔4) 1 𝜀𝜀𝑝𝑝 +( 𝐴𝐴𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 )( 1𝜀𝜀𝑔𝑔 −1)+∑ ( 𝐴𝐴𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑔𝑔 )(𝑁𝑁 𝑏𝑏=1 1 𝜀𝜀𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝 + 1 𝜀𝜀𝑏𝑏𝑔𝑔 −1) (3-17) 18. Temperature entered to the chimney: 𝑇𝑇(0) = 𝑇𝑇∞𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑓𝑓𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓 + 𝜋𝜋𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝ṁ 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓2 3-2- Calculation of turbine values 19. Determining turbine specific velocity: ωs = ω�p 𝜌𝜌 1 2 (gHT) 5 4 20. Determining turbine diameter: Ds = 𝐷𝐷 ( gHT) 1 4 �𝜑𝜑 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 211 21. Determining energy difference between two heads of turbine: HT = ∆p Loss turbine γ 22. Determining pressure lose and efficiency of turbine: ∆p Loss turbine= p 𝒬𝒬𝐺𝐺 3-3- Calculation of tower values 23. Tower energy equation using pressure lose between two heads of turbine: p1 𝛾𝛾 + 𝑉𝑉1 2 2g + z1 + HT =p2 𝛾𝛾 + 𝑉𝑉2 2 2g + z2 24: Total and static pressure equation: P0 = Ps + 1 2� 𝜌𝜌V2 25. Determining tower height and energy after turbine: HL = 𝑉𝑉3 2 2g (1-25) Hl = p0−p4 γ +Z1–Z4–( ∆p Loss chimeny γ +∆p Loss turbine γ ) (2-25) 26. Determining tower diameter considering the friction: 27. Laminar flow: Re < 2100 , f = 16 Re 28. Turbulence and smooth flow: 4000< Re < 107 , 1 √ f = 1.5635ln ( Re 7 ) (1-28) � 1 �( 8Re)10+( Re 36500 )20� 1 2 + 2.2ln Re 7 10 � 1 5 (2-28) 29. Turbulence and rough: 10-6 < e/1 < 10-2 ∆p Loss chimeny γ = 𝑓𝑓HV2 2gD , 30. Determining the ultimate velocity and density inside the chimney until the end of chimney pipe: V =�2 𝜌𝜌 ∫ (pa − p)g. dH − � (∆p Loss chimeny + ∆p Loss turbine )�H 0 (1-30) (z) = 𝜌𝜌 (0) (1 + k−1 k z RT g ) 1 k−1 𝜌𝜌 (2-30) Table (1) shows the real size and technical properties of initial model compared to the model produced in Manzanares, Spain: American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 212 Table 1: The real size and technical properties of initial model compared to the model produced in Manzanares, Spain Bushehr, Iran Manzanares, Spain characteristics 196 m 194.6 m tower height: 5.5 m 5.08 m tower radius: 122.5 m 122.0 m mean collector radius: 2.63 m 1.85 m roof height: 7 4 number of turbine blades: FX W-151-A FX W-151-A turbine blade profile: 1.57 : 11 1 : 10 blade tip speed to air transport velocity ratio: stand-alone or grid connected mode stand-alone or grid connected mode operation modes: ∆T = 15 C ∆T = 15 C typical collector air temp. increase: 50 kW 50 kW nominal output: 48'000 m² 40'000 m² coll. covered with plastic membrane: 7200 m² 6'000 m² coll. covered with glass: 4. Modelling the problem as a characteristic curve by a software 4.1. Graph of solar irradiance intensity on a horizontal plane in Bushehr province, Iran [1] For Bushehr province with latitude Φ = 28.5, in 15th day of each month, solar irradiance on a horizontal plane in Figures (2) to (13) which is considered in the plan, is calculated: Figure 4: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Khordad (5th June) Figure 3: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Ordibehesht (5th may) Figure 2: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Farvardin (4th April) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 213 Figure 5: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Tir (6th July) Figure 8: Irradiance intensity on the 15th mehr (7th October) Figure 9: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Aban (6th November) Figure 6: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Mordad (6th August) Figure 7: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Shahrivar (6th September) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 214 Figures 2: to (13) – Graphs of solar irradiance intensity on a horizontal plane on the considered plan during a year in Bushehr province [1] 4.2. Results In this section, results are presented and discussed. This section is divided into two general subsection; the first one is about the results and their discussion and the second one is about the confirmation of the obtained results. The first subsection consists of two parts; the first one is related to representing characteristic curves of solar tower in various output powers which shows the relationship between diameter of collector, diameter of turbine and height of tower in a given output power. In the second one, using the graphs of first part, the size of solar tower for generating 50 kW power from 7 AM until 5 PM in 12 months of a year is calculated. Due to variation of solar irradiance intensity in various hours of various months, output power graph is a function of hour on day on a month and hence, the corresponding graphs for 15th day of each month is represented here. 4.3. Results and discussion 4.3.1. Characteristic curves of solar tower Figure 10: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Azar (6th December) Figure 11: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Dey (5th Janury) Figure 12: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Bahman (4th February) Figure 13: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Esfand (6th March) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 215 Here, the characteristic curves of solar tower are represented. Using these curves, it is possible to determine the relationship between three main factors in solar towers including diameter of collector, tower height and diameter of turbine in any given output power. These curves are the basis for optimizing the cost of solar tower manufacturing in a given output power. The characteristic curves of solar towers in the case of using updraft water tubes are sown in Appendix C [1]. Figures (14) to (17) the characteristic curves of a solar tower are calculated at the power of 50, 200 kW and 1 and 10 MW, which is considered in the plan: Figure 14: Characteristic curve of solar tower for 50 kW power Figure 15: Characteristic curve of solar tower for 200 kW power Figure 16: Characteristic curve of solar tower for 1 MW power American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 216 Figure 17: Characteristic curve of solar tower for 10 MW power 4.3.2. Variable output power for various months of the year Here, the output power of solar tower for diameter of turbine 7 m, tower height 196 m, diameter of collector 245 m and inner diameter of chimney 11 m are represented for various months of the year [1]. Figure 19: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Ordibehesht (May) Figure 18: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Farvardin (April) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 217 Figure 23: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Shahrivar (September)( Figure 22: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Mordad (August)( Figure 25: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Aban (November) Figure 24: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Mehr (October) Figure 27: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Dey (January) Figure 26: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Azar (December) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 218 Figure 29: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Esfand (March) Figure 28: Power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity from 7 AM until 5 PM in Bahman (February) 4.3.3. Confirmation of results and suggesting a computer analysis model Here, the results obtained from analytical solution, computer solution and experimental solution are compared. To analyze the problem, the given geometry is inputted into FLUENT software and solved with finite volume method. In all steps of solution, a set of equations is resulted which is solved with Gauss – Seidel elimination method using LU decomposition [1,14,16,17]. For example, on 12 AM, Esfand, the average velocity obtained from analytical solution is 1205 m/s while computer model gives this value as 15.5 m/s and experimental model leads to 10m/s [1,14,18,20]. This difference is due to following facts: 1- In analytical and computer models, absorber planes are considered as black metal plane while in the model produced in Manzanares, Spain, earth was directly used as absorber plane and hence, more heat was absorbed in a low velocity. 2- The environmental conditions of Bushehr is different from Manzanares, Spain. The following graph shows the variations of velocity from center of the tower to its wall based on the results obtained from FLUENT. Figure 30: Variations of velocity from center of the tower to its wall in 12 AM, 15th Esfand (6th March) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 219 Figure 31: Flow lines inputted to the turbine Figure 32: Constant velocity lines from the collector to the turbine and finally the tower Figure 33: Constant temperature lines along the tower American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 220 Figure 34: Variations of temperature along the tower in terms of position The following graphs show the variations of output power, enter velocity to the turbine and irradiance intensity in the model produced in Manzanares, Spain, recorded by measuring devices, compared to calculated values for a model with the same size in Bushehr [1,14]. Figure 35: Variations of output power, entrance velocity to the turbine and irradiance intensity in the model produced in Manzanares, Spain (8th June) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 221 Figure 36: Average power, irradiance intensity, temperature and exit velocity at best comparison case between 7 AM and 5 PM, from 15th Esfand (6th March) to 15th Ordibehesht (5th May), Bushehr, Iran 4. Conclusion Regarding the point that Iran is located between 25-45 north latitude and Bushehr province is located on Φ = 28.5, this region is one of the best regions in the world for receiving solar energy. In addition, huge investment is necessary for successful generation of power from solar energy. Therefore, the success of power generation from solar energy is related to easy and cheap manufacturing of collector, which is the most expensive parts of power generation process from solar energy. As a result, considering the order of equation solving, characteristic curves of solar tower are drawn using the size of designed solar tower for diameter of turbine 7 m (seven turbines with 1 m diameter), tower height 196 m, and diameter and ceiling height of collector 245 m and 2.63 m, respectively, compared to the model produced in Manzanares, Spain. At 12 AM, Esfand, the average velocity obtained from analytical solution is 12.5 m/s while this is 15.5 and 10 m/s for computer solution and experimental solution, respectively. The relationship between collector diameter, turbine diameter and tower height is drawn for 50 kW output power so that the proposed model can be verified through it. Further, due to variation of solar irradiance intensity from 7 AM until 5 PM during a year, and hence, variation of irradiance on smooth plane, the values of output power, temperature and average wind velocity entered to the turbine in Bushehr is obtained, compare to Manzanares, Spain, as 1012-788 W/m2, 50-50 kW, 288-288 º k, and 10-12.5 m/s, respectively. These results indicate that irradiance values on smooth plane, temperature, average wind velocity entered to the turbine and output power of solar tower are dependent on the considered time during the year. This problem can be solved through experimental data and the results of characteristic curves obtained from FLUENT software as the basis for optimum analysis of size and output power of a solar tower towards the generation of required energy in terms of weather conditions of Bushehr province. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 222 5. Nomenclature [1,14,20,21] Table 2 ν Unit volume Gbh direct irradiance on inclined plane ρ density δ Inclined angle ρg Refraction coefficient γ Departure angle of plane P pressure γs Departure angle of sun μ Coefficient of kinematic viscosity θ Irradiance angle g Gravitational acceleration θz Zenith angle ρ0 Reference density ω Hour angle β Heat conductivity coefficient (Eq. 4) Rb Ratio of direct irradiance on inclined plane to horizontal plane β Angle of plane to horizontal plane (Eq. 11) Lst Standard longitude T Inner air temperature in entrance of tower Lloc Local longitude T0 Reference temperature E Time equation in terms of minute Ta Outside air temperature in origin Ib Received irradiance directly on horizontal plane Cp Specific heat coefficient in constant pressure Id Received irradiance refracted on horizontal plane K Conductive heat transfer coefficient Ih Received irradiance on horizontal plane KT Air non-cloudiness coefficient IT irradiance on inclined plane ϕ Flow function hr radiative heat transfer coefficient φ Angle on spherical or cylindrical coordination system hc Convective heat transfer coefficient η Refraction coefficient σ Boltzmann constant n Normal unit vector (Eq. 8) ε Refraction coefficient n Day definition in the year (Eq. 9) Hr Power of turbine Gon Irradiance intensity in terms of days of the year ∆ploss Pressure lose due to friction Gsc Average irradiance intensity pb Output power of solar tower Gbt Direct irradiance on horizontal plane Ds Characteristic diameter of turbine References [1]. Sadri, A., Amirkia, H., 2016. Conceptual design and econometrics of solar tower (chimney) in order to prepare the required energy in terms of climate conditions of Bushehr province, Book, Science and American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 223 Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. [2]. Kord Jamshidi, M., Poorshahid, S., 2011. Feasibility of applying solar chimney power plants in Iran, First National Conference on Wind and Solar Energy, pp.8. [3]. Metrsir, E., 2010. Solar chimney power plant technology in Iran, 13th Student Conference on Electrical Engineering in Iran. [4]. Vafi Mohammadi, M., 2007. Solar Energy, Aria Publication, vol. (1). [5]. A. Asnaghi, S.M. 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Khoshmanesh, Sh., computer simulation of solar updraft system to describe the velocity variation with American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2018) Volume 41, No 1, pp 206-224 224 the essential parameters of solar updraft systems, proceeding of international conference on energy and environment, Malaysia, Aug 2006. [16]. M.N. Ozisik, “Heat conduction”, Wiley Interscience, New York 1992. [17]. Naim, N.M., Wind energy from solar energy, proceeding of 8th Miami, Conference on alternative energy source, December 16, Florida, USA [18]. Schaich, J., Bergermanm, R., Schiel,W., Weinrebe, G., Design of commercial solar updraft tower system-Utilization of solar induced convective flows for power generation,Journal of, Solar energy engineering,Feb 2005 Volume 127,PP 117-124. [19]. Schaich, J., Schiel, W., Solar chimney third ed. Academic Press London, 2001. [20]. Van Backstrom, T.W., Gannon, A.J., Solar Chimney turbine characteristics, solar energy, 2003, Volume 75, PP 235-241, 2003. [21]. Van Backstrom, T.W., Gannon, A.J., Solar chimney turbine characteristics, solar energy, 2003, Volume 76, PP 235-241, 2003. a,bAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dashtestan Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Province, Iran cPhD student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dashtestan Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Province, Iran (Corresponding author) aEmail: Nima_Ghiasi_te@yahoo.co.uk, bEmail: Zarkesh1385@yahoo.com cEmail: Sadri.Abbas1359@gmail.com Figure 4: Irradiance intensity on Figure 2: Irradiance intensity on Figure 3: Irradiance intensity on the 15th Ordibehesht (5th may) Figure 5: Irradiance intensity on Figure 6: Irradiance intensity on Figure 7: Irradiance intensity on Figure 10: Irradiance intensity on Figure 11: Irradiance intensity on Figure 12: Irradiance intensity on Figure 13: Irradiance intensity on