12 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 http://asrjetsjournal.org/ Input File for Modelling Floating Wind Turbine for Dynamic Structural Analysis Mohamed Abdalla Almheriegh * Associate Professor, Department of civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering - Tripoli University, P O Box 82677, Tripoli, Libya Email: malmherigh@gmail.com Abstract One of the complicated analyses problems in structural analysis is the floating wind converter, in this paper the preprocessor of LS-DYNA3D namely, FEMB28 is used in formulating the float geometry and preparing the input file ready to be exported the solver or processor for analysis. Keen methodology is followed in geometrical meshing, material, and contact boundary conditions, all precautions in model creation are detailed. The paper tend to investigate the power of the LSDYNA3D finite element code to model such complicated structure working in an extremely harsh environmental severe loading conditions, therefore the code robustness and capability to handle stress analysis for such dynamic structures. Keywords: dynamic analysis of wind converter by LSDYNA3D; input file for floating structure; floating wind converter analysis; modelling wind converter for analysis. 1 Introduction In this presentation, supplemented to good knowledge of both: floating wind energy converters and dynamic finite element analysis formulation, a pre-processor, FEMB-28 LSTC [1], the Keyword User’s Manuals LSTC [2,3], the Theoretical Manual, Halliquist [4], Reid LSDYNA Examples Manual [5,6] are used and frequently consulted for preparing the input file for the LS-DYNA3D non-linear dynamic explicit code. In this paper, the use of this pre-processor is shown to produce the seventeen parts used in the developed detailed model presented in Figure (1). Before starting to digitize a model, a drawing has to be sketched, with dimensions intended to be used in the analysis, these drawings should represent different parts, and on the same global reference axis for the whole parts and does not need to be scaled. These parts will coincide or interact as one body once activated together and given the right materials, properties, contact and boundary conditions. The database file is opened in which a certain set of dimensions are readily picked and defined to be the default dimensions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author. http://asrjetsjournal.org/ American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 13 These have to be strictly followed for a consistent set of units throughout the model till the stage of analysis. All parameters in this paper follow SI units as follows; mass (kg), length (m), stress (MPa), force (N), time (second), pressure (Pa), temperature (deg. C), modulus of elasticity (Pa) and mass (kg/m 3 ). Figure 1: Floating wind energy turbine 2. Creating the Model Most FEM models require certain steps procedure or pre-process, in order to create the keywords, input file which would be readily imported to the main solver for analysis. Obviously, the code must be capable of reading this file. In this work, the solver is LSDYNA3D code, version 970, of LSTC, and the pre-processor is FEMB-28, these mentioned steps are: 1. Modelling: or digitizing drawings to form nodes then elements, either directly through nodes or via creating lines or surfaces then elements. In the modelling stage, the structure is merely translated to lines or surfaces, then finally to elements. Checked for model integrity and coincident nodes, the named functions of nodes, lines and surfaces could or must be deleted once they have served their purpose, and are no longer needed. However, if a geometrical change is required, this data is stored and could be recalled back. The aim of this stage is to interpret the structure into compatible elements and nodes. 2. Materials: have to be defined for each part(s) or elements. This is the next stage, implemented through the material menu, and chosen from the ready material library (could also be user defined). Before material is created and assigned to a part, this part has to be current, parts are displayed in material color once they have been assigned a material, otherwise will be displayed in grey. 3. Property: has to be defined and assigned to appropriate parts to simulate the desired behavior or American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 14 boundary conditions. All model parts need to be turned on and displayed in either property color or in grey if property is not assigned. All elements should be assigned their intended geometrical properties. 4. Contact: this is for interaction of coupling surfaces in the model, specifically when modelling integral actions of parts. 5. Boundary conditions: this is the final formulation of the actual behavior of a part or material to simulate the intended action to be analyzed, most of the common boundary conditions are recognized by LS- DYNA3D and can be readily introduced. Mainly restraints of rotations translations and loads reflecting the intended action need be simulated. The definition of a database is a precondition for creating parts; the code does not allow creation of parts in an empty database. Parts are created at the beginning and called when needed or created promptly when required once created they can be switched on and off for updating and modification, or to perform any operation that involve such parts. Materials and properties can either be defined upon creation of a part or assigned at a later stage. As already stated, the model consists of seventeen parts; these will be mentioned in some detail in this paper with an emphasis on pre-processor use of preparing the input file. The basic emphasis here will be on the keyword cards related to materials, properties, boundary conditions, contact, constraints and load applications and will be discussed as follows: 2.1 Blades part Turbine blades are made of shell elements, element formulation 16 is chosen to guard against hourglass modes material and property keyword cards are: Modelled by shell elements, *SECTION_SHELL, two keyword cards required for defining property and material with the ID numbers appearing are arbitrary (but unique) and follows part successive order: SEC ID Section ID 15 ELFORM Element Formulation 16 SHRF Shear Factor 0.83333 NIP Number of Integration Points 4 PROPT Print out Option 3 QR/IRID Quadrature Rule 0 ICOMP Layered Composite Flag 0 SETYP 2D Solid Element Type 1 T1 Shell Thickness at Node1 0 .030 T2 Shell Thickness at Node2 T3 T3 Shell Thickness at Node3 0.030 0.030 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 15 T3 Shell Thickness at Node4 NLOC Location of Preference Surface 0.030 0 MAREA Non-Structural Mass per And material card is: *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC 0 MID Material ID 15 RO Mass Density 976.3 E Young’s Modulus 2.9x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.30 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0 SIGY Plastic Hardening modulus 0 BETA Hardening parameter 0.1 SRC Strain Rate Parameter SRP Strain Rate Parameter FS Failure Strain Eroding Elements 1.0 VP Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 0 2.2 Hub part Modelled by plate shells, *SECTION_SHELL, with property inputs: SEC ID Section ID 14 ELFORM Element Formulation 16 SHRF Shear Factor 0.83333 NIP Number of Integration Points 4 PROPT Print out Option 3 QR/IRID Quadrature Rule 0 ICOMP Layered Composite Flag 0 SETYP 2D Solid Element Type 1 T1 Shell Thickness at Node1 0.032 T2 Shell Thickness at Node2 0.032 T3 Shell Thickness at Node3 0.032 T3 Shell Thickness at Node4 0 .032 NLOC Location of Preference Surface 0 MAREA Non-structural Mass per 0 And material card is: *MAT-PLASTIC_KINEMATIC MID Material ID 14 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 16 RO Mass Density 5148 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.30 SIGY Plastic Hardening modulus 3.6x10 6 BETA Hardening parameter 0.4 SRC Strain Rate Parameter SPR Strain rate parameter FS Failure Strain Eroding Elements 1.0 VP Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 0 2.3 Transmission part Section property is solid brick element or *SECTION_SOLID with parameters: SEC ID Section ID 13 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 Modelled with material type 20 or *MAT_RIGID with factors: MID Material ID 3 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 17 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 13 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.4 Nacelle part Modelled with shell elements or *SECTION_SHELL and parameters: SEC ID Section ID 8 ELFORM Element Formulation 16 SHRF Shear Factor 0.83333 NIP Number of Integration Points 2 PROPT Print out Option 3 QR/IRID Quadrature Rule 0 ICOMP Layered Composite Flag 0 SETYP 2D Solid Element Type 1 T1 Shell Thickness at Node1 0.02 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 18 T2 Shell Thickness at Node2 0.02 T3 Shell Thickness at Node3 0.02 T4 Shell Thickness at Node4 0.02 NLOC Location of Reference Surface 0 MAREA Non-structural mass per 0 And of material type 20 or *MAT_RIGID with parameters: MID Material ID 8 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 8 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 19 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.5 Gear part Modelled with brick solid elements, *SECTION_SOLID with input values: SEC ID Section ID 9 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material type 20 or *MAT_RIGID with input values: MID Material ID 9 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 9 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 20 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.6 Drive part Modelled with solid brick elements, *SEC_SOLID with input values: SEC ID Section ID 10 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material type 20, *MAT_RIGID with inputs: MID Material ID 10 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 10 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 21 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.7 Generator part Also modelled with solid brick elements, *SEC_SOLID of parameters: SEC ID Section ID 11 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material type 20, *MAT_RIGID with parameters: MID Material ID 11 RO Mss Density 8900 E Young’s Modulus 1.25x10 10 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.25 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 11 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 22 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.8 Yaw ring part Modelled with solid bricks, *SECTION_SOLID and parameters: SEC ID Section ID 7 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material type 20, *MAT_RIGID, with input values: MID Material ID 7 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 7 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 23 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.9 Bearing part Modelled with brick elements, *SECTION_SOLID of parameters: SEC ID Section ID 6 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material rigid type 20, *MAT_RIGID of inputs: MID Material ID 6 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint CON1 Translation Constraint CON2 Rotational Constraint LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 6 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 24 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 2.10 Tower part Modelled with beams, *SECTION_BEAM of inputs: SEC ID Section ID 5 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 SHRF Shear Factor QR/IR ID Quadature Rule 2 CST Cross Section Type 1 SCOOR Location of TRIAD 2 A Cross Sectional Area 307x10 -4 Iss Inertia in S-dir 9.14x10 -4 Itt Inertia in T-dir 9.14x10 -4 Irr Inertia in R-dir 18.3x10 -4 SA Shear Area 307x10 -4 And material type 98, *MAT_SIMPLIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK, with inputs: MID Material ID 11 RO Mss Density 7850 E Young’s Modulus 2.1x10 11 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.28 VP Formulation Rate Effect 1.0 A Parameter 7.9200x10 8 B Parameter 5.0951x10 8 N Parameter 0.26 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 25 C Parameter 0.014 PSFAIL Plastic Strain Failure 0.05 SIGMAX Maximum Stress 4.5x10 8 SIGSAT Saturation Stress 4.5x10 8 EPSO Plastic Strain Rate 1.0 2.11 Hull part Modelled with solid bricks, *SECTION_SOLID with inputs: SEC ID Section ID 3 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 And material type 1, *MAT_ELASTIC with inputs: MID Material ID 3 RO Mass Density 2213.4 E Young’s Modulus 2.4x10 10 PR Poisson’ ratio 0.25 DA Axial Damping Factor 0 DB Bending Damping Factor 0 The coupling card for hull fluid part set is as follows: *CONSTRAINED_LAGRANGE_IN_SOLID SlAVE Slave part ID 3 MASTER Master part ID 1 SSTYPE Slave type 1 MSTYP Master type 0 NQUAD Quadrature rule for coupling 2 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 26 CTYPE Coupling type 4 DIREC Coupling direction 2 MCOUP Multi-material option -1 START Start time for coupling END End time for coupling PFAC Penalty factor 0.01 FRIC Coefficient of friction FRCMIN Minimum volume fraction NORM Normal orientation 0 NORMTYP Penalty coupling spring direc… 0 DAMP Damping factor 0.6 CQ Heat transfer coefficient HMIN Min air gap HMAX Max air gap ILEAK Leakage control 0 PLEAK Leakage control penalty factor 0.01 LCIDPOR Load curve for porous flow 2.12 Foam part Modelled with solid bricks, *SECTION_SOILD with parameters: SEC ID Section ID 4 ELFORM Element Formulation 3 AET Ambient Element Type 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 27 And material type 57, *MAT_LOW_DENSITY_FOAM with inputs: MID Material ID 4 RO Mass density 44.14 E Young’s Modulus 1.6x10 9 LCID Stress-strain LCID 5 TC Tension cut-off stress 0 HU Hysteretic unloading 1.0 BETA Creep decay constant DAMP Viscous coefficient 0.1 SHAPE Shape factor 0.5 FAIL Failure stress cut-off 0 BVFLAG Bulk viscosity flag 1 ED Young’s relaxation 0 BETA1 Optional decay constant 0 KCON Interface stiffness coefficient 200 REF Reference geometry flag 1 2.13 Moorings part The mooring cables consists of gripping corbels fixed at the hull deck outer circumference, 10m vertically below them are the shoe guides, firmly attached to hull outer surface, allowing cables to pass through. From there cables extend to mooring points at a piled seabed anchor, shared by more than one cable in the floating farm. Section properties are defined by beams, *SECTION_BEAM with inputs: SEC ID Section ID 16 ELFORM Element Formulation 6 SHRF Shear Factor American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 28 QR/IRID Quadature Rule 2 CST Cross Section Type 1 SCOOR Location of TRIAD 3 NSM Non structural mass per 8.7 VOL Volume of Discrete Beam 1.716324x10 -3 INER Inertia of Discrete Beam 1.4221x10 -4 CID Coordinate System ID optional) 0 CA Cable Area 4.2274x10 -2 Offset Cable Offset RCON R-rotational Constraint 0.0 SRCON S-rotational Constraint 0 TRCON T-rotational Constraint 0 And modelled with material type 71, *MAT_CABLE_DISCETE_BEAM with inputs: MID Material ID 16 RO Mass Density 1 E Young’s Modulus 9x10 9 LCID Load Curve ID (stress-strain) optional 3 FO Inertial Tensile Force The coupling card for cables and water is: *CONSTRAINED_LAGRANGE_IN_SOLID 0 SlAVE Slave part ID 17 MASTER Master part ID 1 SSTYPE Slave type 1 MSTYP Master type 1 NQUAD Quadrature rule for coupling 0 CTYPE Coupling type 2 DIREC Coupling direction 1 MCOUP Multi-material option START Start time for coupling END End time for coupling PFAC Penalty factor FRIC Coefficient of friction 0.01 FRCMIN Minimum volume fraction NORM Normal orientation 0 NORMTYP Penalty coupling spring direc… 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 29 DAMP Damping factor 0.05 CQ Heat transfer coefficient HMIN Min air gap HMAX Max air gap ILEAK Leakage control 0 PLEAK Leakage control penalty factor 0.01 LCIDPOR Load curve for porous flow And the coupling card for cable and air is: *CONSTRAINED_LAGRANGE_IN_SOLID SlAVE Slave part ID 17 MASTER Master part ID 2 SSTYPE Slave type 1 MSTYP Master type 1 NQUAD Quadrature rule for coupling 0 CTYPE Coupling type 4 DIREC Coupling direction 2 MCOUP Multi-material option START Start time for coupling END End time for coupling PFAC Penalty factor FRIC Coefficient of friction 0.001 FRCMIN Minimum volume fraction NORM Normal orientation 0 NORMTYP Penalty coupling spring direc… 0 DAMP Damping factor CQ Heat transfer coefficient HMIN Min air gap HMAX Max air gap ILEAK Leakage control 0 PLEAK Leakage control penalty factor 0.01 LCIDPOR Load curve for porous flow 2.14 Water part Modelled with solid ALE element, *SECTION_SOLID_ALE SEC ID Section ID 1 ELFORM Element Formulation 11 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 30 AET Ambient Element Type 0 AFAC Smoothing W.F. –simple ave. 0 BFAC Smoothing W.F. –volume w.. 0 CFAC Smoothing W.F. –Isoparam. 0 DFAC Smoothing W.F. –Equipoten. 0 STAR Start time for smoothing 0 END End time for smoothing 0 AAFAC ALE Advection factor 0 While material for water part is modelled using material type 9, *MAT_NULL with parameters and equation of state as: MID Material ID 15 RO Mass density 1025 PC Pressure cut-off -1.0132x10 3 MU Viscosity coefficient 8.684x10 -4 TEROD Relative volume in tension 0 CEROD Relative volume in compression 0 YM Young’s modulus 0 PR Poisson’s ratio 0 This requires the definition of equation of state,*EOS_GRUNEISEN as: EQSID Equation of state ID 1 C Equation constant 1.647x10 3 S1 Equation constant 1.921 S2 Equation constant -9.6x10 -2 S3 Equation constant 0 GAMA0 Equation constant 0.35 A Equation constant EO Initial internal energy V0 Initial relative volume 1.0 2.15 Air part American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 31 Also modelled with solid ALE elements, *SECTION_SOLID_ALE with input values: SEC ID Section ID 2 ELFORM Element Formulation 11 AET Ambient Element Type 4 AFAC Smoothing W.F. –simple ave. 0 BFAC Smoothing W.F. –volume w.. 0 CFAC Smoothing W.F. –Isoparam. 0 DFAC Smoothing W.F. –Equipoten. 0 STAR Start time for smoothing 0 END End time for smoothing 0 AAFAC ALE Advection factor 0 And material type 9, *MAT_NULL with inputs: MID Material ID 2 RO Mass density 1.1845 PC Pressure cut-off -1.0132x10 2 MU Viscosity coefficient 1.8444x10 -5 TEROD Relative volume in tension 0 CEROD Relative volume in compression 0 YM Young’s modulus 0 PR Poisson’s ratio 0 This material requires an equation of state as, *LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL as: EQSID Equation of state ID 2 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 32 C0 C1 Equation constant Equation constant 0 0 C2 Equation constant 0 C3 Equation constant 0 C4 Equation constant 0.4 C5 Equation constant 0.4 EO Initial internal energy 253307.82 V0 Initial relative volume 1 2.16 Seabed part Modelled with shell element, *SECTION_SHELL with input values: SEC ID Section ID 17 ELFORM Element Formulation 16 SHRF Shear Factor 0.83333 NIP Number of Integration Points 4 PROPT Print out Option 3 QR/IRID Quadrature Rule 0 ICOMP Layered Composite Flag 0 SETYP 2D Solid Element Type 1 T1 Shell Thickness at Node1 0 .050 T2 T3 Shell Thickness at Node2 Shell Thickness at Node3 0.050 0.050 T3 NLOC Shell Thickness at Node4 Location of Preference Surface 0.050 0 MAREA Non-Structural Mass per 0 And material type 20, *MAT_RIGID defined by parameters: MID Material ID 17 RO Mss Density 1800 E Young’s Modulus 9x10 9 PR Poisson’s Ratio 0.25 N MADYMO3D Couple Flag 0.0 COUPLE Coupling Option 0.0 M MADYMO/CAL3D Couple 0.0 ALIAS VDA Surface ALIAS 0.0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 33 CMO Centre of Mass Constraint -1 CON1 Translation Constraint 2 CON2 Rotational Constraint 111111 LCO OR A1 Local Coordinate System or X-comp. 17 A2 Y-comp. Vector 1 0 A3 Z-comp. Vector 1 0 V1 X-comp. Vector 2 0 V2 Y-comp. Vector 2 0 V3 Z-comp. Vector 2 0 *INITIAL_VOLUME_FRACTION_GEOMETRY Defining the concrete cylinder disk geometry in water as: Variable Description Value(s) SID_ALE Part or part set ID 1 ST_ALE Set type 1 GROUP Group ID 1 GEOTPE Geometry type 4 IN_OPT Set type 0 GR_FILL Group ID 2 X0 x-coordinate of special point 0 Y0 y-coordinate of special point 0 Z0 z-coordinate of special point 0 X1 x-coordinate of normal vector 0 Y1 y-coordinate of normal vector 0 Z1 z-coordinate of normal vector 2.5 R1 Radius of lower base of cone 9.5 R2 Radius of upper base of cone *INITIAL_VOLUME_FRACTION_GEOMETRY Defining the concrete cylinder part geometry in water: 9.5 Variable Description Value(s) SID_ALE Part or part set ID 1 ST_ALE Set type 1 GROUP Group ID 1 GEOTPE Geometry type 4 IN_OPT Set type 0 GR_FILL Group ID 2 X0 x-coordinate of special point 0 Y0 y-coordinate of special point 0 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 34 Z0 z-coordinate of special point 2.5 X1 x-coordinate of normal vector 0 Y1 y-coordinate of normal vector 0 Z1 z-coordinate of normal vector 2.5 R1 Radius of lower base of cone 6.25 R2 Radius of upper base of cone *INITIAL_VOLUME_FRACTION_GEOMETRY Defining the concrete cylinder geometry part in air: 6.25 Variable Description Value(s) SID_ALE Part or part set ID 2 ST_ALE Set type 1 GROUP Group ID 2 GEOTPE Geometry type 4 IN_OPT Set type 0 GR_FILL Group ID 2 X0 x-coordinate of special point 0 Y0 y-coordinate of special point 0 Z0 z-coordinate of special point 25 X1 x-coordinate of normal vector 0 Y1 y-coordinate of normal vector 0 Z1 z-coordinate of normal vector 31 R1 Radius of lower base of cone 6.25 R2 Radius of upper base of cone 6.25 3. Control Cards These are for instructing the code for certain tasks to modify the default values concerning dynamic relaxation time, starting, ending, cpu time, termination time, ………etc. These tasks are readily defined by the code, some of them are compulsory, while others are optional. Due to the importance of defining these cards, compulsory cards and some optional cards used are detailed: *CONTROL_ACCURACY OSU Objectives Stress Update 1 INN Invariant Node Numbering *CONTROL_CPU 2 CPUTIM Seconds of CPU Time 00 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 35 *CONTROL_ENERGY HGEN Hourglass Energy Calcu 1 RWEN Stone Wall Energy Dissipat 2 SLNTEN Sliding Interface Energy Dis 1 RYLEN Damping Energy Dissipation 2 *CONTROL_HOURGLASS IHQ Hourglass Viscosity Type 4 HQ Hourglass Coefficient *CONTROL_OUTPUT 0.0001 NPOPT Input Phase Print Suppressi 0 NEECHO Input phase Echo Suppressi 0 NREFUP Beam Reference Node Update 0 IACCOP Averaged Accelerations 1 OPIFS Interface Output Inter 0 IPNINT Initial Time Step Print Option 0 IKEDIT Problem Status Output Option 0 IFLUSH Number of Time Steps Interval 0 IPRIF Default Print Flag for Rbdo *CONTROL_SHELL 0 WRPANG Shell Warpage Angle [degrees] 020 IRIST Triangular Shell Sorting 1 IRNXX HUGES_LIU Shell Normal up -1 ISTUPD Shell Thickness Change Option 1 THEORY Shell Theory 2 BWC Warping Stiffness Belytsch 2 MITER Plane Stress Plasticity Option 1 PROJ Projection Method *CONTROL_SOLUTION 1 SOLN Analysis Solution Procedure *CONTROL_TERMINATION 0 ENDTIM Termination Time 5 ENDCYCL Termination Cycle DTMIN Initial Time Step S.F ENDENG Percent Energy Change American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 36 ENDMAS Percent Mass Change *CONTROL_TIMESTEP DTINIT Initial Time Step Size TSSFAC Computed Time Step 0.9 ISDO Time Step Formula 0 ISLMIT Shell Element Minimum Time Step 0 DT2MS Mass Scaling 0 LCTM Time Step Load Curve 0 ERODE Errosion Flag 0 MSIST Mass Scaling Limit DATABASE Cards: *DATABASE_GLSTAT 0 DT Time Interval Output *DATABASE_MATSUM DT 1 *DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT 1 DT/CYCL Time Interval of Output 1 LCDT Time Interval Load Curve 0 BEAM Convergence Flag 0 NOLTC Overrides on “DT” field *DATABASE_BINARY_D3THDT 0 DT/CYCL Time Interval of Output 1 LCDT Time Interval Load Curve 0 4. Analysis Phase The procedure started with a drawing using known dimensions, nodes, lines or surface, then elements. From there, materials, properties, boundary conditions, constraints, loads, contact, control cards, title, load curves, coordinate system….-. With all these are now defined, the next step is the analysis. First: the input file is exported by FEMB 28 (written in Notepad format) then edited for checking the format or inserting required data that are not supported by the pre-processor. The input file is either given a user defined name or saved as a default (file.dyn) to be recalled for running with LS-DYNA3D solver. Second: the LS-DYNA3D is activated (via solver function) the programme is run and database files defined will be automatically created, to be read by the attached post-processors, LSTC [7]. American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 83, No 1, pp 12-37 37 5. Conclusion Using the powerful preprocessor FEMB 28. the geometry, material, properties, load curves, contacts, time control, and hourglass guard fitted in the code, an input file capable of representing different aspects of the complicated structure at harsh load condition and special contact conditions to model complex behavior close enough to the actual situation for the actual structure; to insure the solving capacity of the code without risking too much time and memory needed for running the full scale model, a typical tow-dimensional and 3- dimentional small models of the structure were created and run satisfactorily, [8] and [9]. hence created input file assumed satisfactory. References [1] LSTC “FEMB (Finite Element Model Builder) versions 28” User’s Manual, A pre-processor for use with LS-DYNA, PDF online file, LSTC website. http://www.lstc.com/, June 2003. [2] LSTC “LS-DYNA Keywords User’s Manual” April 2003, Version 970 Livermore Technology Corporation, PDF online, LSTC website. http://www.lstc.com/ , July 2003. [3] LSTC “LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Volume II (Material Models, References and Application)”March 2001, version 960 Livermore Software Technology Corporation, PDF file online, LSTC website. http://www.lstc.com/, January 2003. [4] Jhon O Halliquist “LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual” May 1998 Livermore Software Technology Corporation, online PDF file LSTC website. [5] John D. Reid Ph. D “LS-DYNA Examples Manuel” March 1998, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, online PDF LSTC website. http://www.lstc.com/ , June 2003. [6] Klaus Weimar “LS-DYNA User’s Guide” Rev. 1.19, September 2001, CAD-FEM GmbH, www.cadfem.de or PWS www.p-w-s.com, June 2002. [7] LSTC “LSPOST A New Post Processor For LSDYNA”, May 1999, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, PDF online file, LSTC website. http://www.lstc.com/ , April 2003. [8] Mohamed Almheriegh “Two-Dimensional Verification Model for Buoyancy Using Explicit Code” International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), page 200- 216 Vol.33, No 2 (2017), ISSN 2307-4531. [9] Mohamed Almheriegh, “Three-Dimensional Verification Model of Floating Wind Energy Converter Using LS- DYNA3D Code” American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410; ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 Volume 38, Number 1, Pages 197-218, Year: 2017. http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.cadfem.de/ http://www.cadfem.de/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.p-w-s.com/ http://www.lstc.com/ http://www.lstc.com/