id sid tid token lemma pos bracis-19065 1 1 supervised supervise VERB bracis-19065 1 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 1 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 1 4     SPACE bracis-19065 1 5 a a DET bracis-19065 1 6     SPACE bracis-19065 1 7 simple simple ADJ bracis-19065 1 8 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 1 9 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 1 10 for for ADP bracis-19065 1 11     SPACE bracis-19065 1 12 a a DET bracis-19065 1 13     SPACE bracis-19065 1 14 free free ADJ bracis-19065 1 15 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 1 16 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 1 17 | | NOUN bracis-19065 1 18 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 1 19 nature nature PROPN bracis-19065 1 20 link link PROPN bracis-19065 1 21 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 1 22 formerly formerly ADV bracis-19065 1 23 springerlink springerlink NOUN bracis-19065 1 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 1 25 skip skip VERB bracis-19065 1 26 to to ADP bracis-19065 1 27 main main ADJ bracis-19065 1 28 content content NOUN bracis-19065 1 29 advertisement advertisement NOUN bracis-19065 1 30 log log NOUN bracis-19065 1 31 in in ADP bracis-19065 1 32 menu menu NOUN bracis-19065 1 33 find find VERB bracis-19065 1 34 a a DET bracis-19065 1 35 journal journal NOUN bracis-19065 1 36 publish publish VERB bracis-19065 1 37 with with ADP bracis-19065 1 38 us we PRON bracis-19065 1 39 track track VERB bracis-19065 1 40 your your PRON bracis-19065 1 41 research research NOUN bracis-19065 1 42 search search NOUN bracis-19065 1 43 cart cart NOUN bracis-19065 1 44 home home NOUN bracis-19065 1 45 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-19065 1 46 systems system NOUN bracis-19065 1 47 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 1 48 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 1 49 supervised supervise VERB bracis-19065 1 50 training training NOUN bracis-19065 1 51 of of ADP bracis-19065 1 52     SPACE bracis-19065 1 53 a a DET bracis-19065 1 54     SPACE bracis-19065 1 55 simple simple ADJ bracis-19065 1 56 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 1 57 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 1 58 for for ADP bracis-19065 1 59     SPACE bracis-19065 1 60 a a DET bracis-19065 1 61     SPACE bracis-19065 1 62 free free ADJ bracis-19065 1 63 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 1 64 clinic clinic PROPN bracis-19065 1 65 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 1 66 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 1 67 first first ADV bracis-19065 1 68 online online ADV bracis-19065 1 69 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 1 70 28 28 NUM bracis-19065 1 71 november november PROPN bracis-19065 1 72 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 2 1 pp pp ADP bracis-19065 2 2 162–176 162–176 NUM bracis-19065 2 3 cite cite VERB bracis-19065 2 4 this this DET bracis-19065 2 5 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 2 6 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 2 7 access access NOUN bracis-19065 2 8 provided provide VERB bracis-19065 2 9 by by ADP bracis-19065 2 10 university university PROPN bracis-19065 2 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 2 12 notre notre PROPN bracis-19065 2 13 dame dame PROPN bracis-19065 2 14 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-19065 2 15 library library PROPN bracis-19065 2 16 download download PROPN bracis-19065 2 17 book book NOUN bracis-19065 2 18 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-19065 2 19 download download NOUN bracis-19065 2 20 book book NOUN bracis-19065 2 21 epub epub PROPN bracis-19065 2 22 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-19065 2 23 systems system NOUN bracis-19065 2 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 2 25 bracis bracis NOUN bracis-19065 2 26 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 2 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 2 28 supervised supervise VERB bracis-19065 2 29 training training NOUN bracis-19065 2 30 of of ADP bracis-19065 2 31     SPACE bracis-19065 2 32 a a DET bracis-19065 2 33     SPACE bracis-19065 2 34 simple simple ADJ bracis-19065 2 35 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 2 36 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 2 37 for for ADP bracis-19065 2 38     SPACE bracis-19065 2 39 a a DET bracis-19065 2 40     SPACE bracis-19065 2 41 free free ADJ bracis-19065 2 42 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 2 43 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 2 44 download download NOUN bracis-19065 2 45 book book NOUN bracis-19065 2 46 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-19065 2 47 download download NOUN bracis-19065 2 48 book book PROPN bracis-19065 2 49 epub epub PROPN bracis-19065 2 50 mariana mariana PROPN bracis-19065 2 51 da da PROPN bracis-19065 2 52 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 2 53 barros10 barros10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 54 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 55 igor igor PROPN bracis-19065 2 56 de de PROPN bracis-19065 2 57 moura moura PROPN bracis-19065 2 58 philippini10 philippini10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 59 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 60 ladson ladson PROPN bracis-19065 2 61 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-19065 2 62 silva10 silva10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 63 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 64 antonio antonio PROPN bracis-19065 2 65 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 2 66 da da PROPN bracis-19065 2 67 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 2 68 netto10 netto10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 69 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 70 rosana rosana PROPN bracis-19065 2 71 blawid11 blawid11 PROPN bracis-19065 2 72 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 73 edna edna PROPN bracis-19065 2 74 natividade natividade VERB bracis-19065 2 75 da da PROPN bracis-19065 2 76     SPACE bracis-19065 2 77 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 2 78 barros10 barros10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 79 & & CCONJ bracis-19065 2 80 … … PUNCT bracis-19065 2 81 stefan stefan PROPN bracis-19065 2 82 blawid10 blawid10 PROPN bracis-19065 2 83     SPACE bracis-19065 2 84 show show VERB bracis-19065 2 85 authors author NOUN bracis-19065 2 86 part part NOUN bracis-19065 2 87 of of ADP bracis-19065 2 88 the the DET bracis-19065 2 89 book book NOUN bracis-19065 2 90 series series NOUN bracis-19065 2 91 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 2 92 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-19065 2 93 notes note NOUN bracis-19065 2 94 in in ADP bracis-19065 2 95 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 2 96 science science NOUN bracis-19065 2 97 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 2 98 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 2 99 lnai lnai ADJ bracis-19065 2 100 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 101 volume volume NOUN bracis-19065 2 102 13074 13074 NUM bracis-19065 2 103 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 2 104 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 2 105 included include VERB bracis-19065 2 106 in in ADP bracis-19065 2 107 the the DET bracis-19065 2 108 following follow VERB bracis-19065 2 109 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 2 110 series series NOUN bracis-19065 2 111 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 2 112 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-19065 2 113 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 2 114 on on ADP bracis-19065 2 115 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-19065 2 116 systems system NOUN bracis-19065 2 117 1240 1240 NUM bracis-19065 2 118 accesses access VERB bracis-19065 2 119 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 2 120 citations citation NOUN bracis-19065 2 121 abstract abstract ADJ bracis-19065 2 122 family family NOUN bracis-19065 2 123 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 2 124 represents represent VERB bracis-19065 2 125 a a DET bracis-19065 2 126 critical critical ADJ bracis-19065 2 127 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 2 128 of of ADP bracis-19065 2 129 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-19065 2 130 agriculture agriculture NOUN bracis-19065 2 131 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 2 132 involving involve VERB bracis-19065 2 133 more more ADJ bracis-19065 2 134 than than ADP bracis-19065 2 135 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 2 136 million million NUM bracis-19065 2 137 properties property NOUN bracis-19065 2 138 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 2 139 generating generate VERB bracis-19065 2 140 74 74 NUM bracis-19065 2 141 % % NOUN bracis-19065 2 142 of of ADP bracis-19065 2 143 rural rural ADJ bracis-19065 2 144 jobs job NOUN bracis-19065 2 145 in in ADP bracis-19065 2 146 the the DET bracis-19065 2 147 country country NOUN bracis-19065 2 148 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 3 1 yield yield NOUN bracis-19065 3 2 losses loss NOUN bracis-19065 3 3 caused cause VERB bracis-19065 3 4 by by ADP bracis-19065 3 5 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 3 6 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 3 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 3 8 pests pest NOUN bracis-19065 3 9 can can AUX bracis-19065 3 10 be be AUX bracis-19065 3 11 devastating devastating ADJ bracis-19065 3 12 for for ADP bracis-19065 3 13 small small ADJ bracis-19065 3 14 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 3 15 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 3 16 producers producer NOUN bracis-19065 3 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 4 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 4 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 4 3 successful successful ADJ bracis-19065 4 4 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 4 5 control control NOUN bracis-19065 4 6 requires require VERB bracis-19065 4 7 correct correct ADJ bracis-19065 4 8 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 4 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 4 10 which which PRON bracis-19065 4 11 challenges challenge VERB bracis-19065 4 12 smallholders smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 4 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 4 14 who who PRON bracis-19065 4 15 often often ADV bracis-19065 4 16 lack lack VERB bracis-19065 4 17 technical technical ADJ bracis-19065 4 18 assistance assistance NOUN bracis-19065 4 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 5 1 the the DET bracis-19065 5 2 present present ADJ bracis-19065 5 3 work work NOUN bracis-19065 5 4 proposes propose VERB bracis-19065 5 5 a a DET bracis-19065 5 6 system system NOUN bracis-19065 5 7 that that PRON bracis-19065 5 8 detects detect NOUN bracis-19065 5 9 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 5 10 symptoms symptom VERB bracis-19065 5 11 in in ADP bracis-19065 5 12 images image NOUN bracis-19065 5 13 of of ADP bracis-19065 5 14 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 5 15 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 5 16 to to PART bracis-19065 5 17 assist assist VERB bracis-19065 5 18 phytopathology phytopathology NOUN bracis-19065 5 19 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 5 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 6 1 the the DET bracis-19065 6 2 objective objective NOUN bracis-19065 6 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 6 4 to to PART bracis-19065 6 5 decrease decrease VERB bracis-19065 6 6 the the DET bracis-19065 6 7 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 6 8 ’ ’ PART bracis-19065 6 9 workload workload NOUN bracis-19065 6 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 6 11 enable enable VERB bracis-19065 6 12 consulting consulting NOUN bracis-19065 6 13 services service NOUN bracis-19065 6 14 for for ADP bracis-19065 6 15 free free ADJ bracis-19065 6 16 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 6 17 at at ADP bracis-19065 6 18 nominal nominal ADJ bracis-19065 6 19 cost cost NOUN bracis-19065 6 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 7 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 7 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 7 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 7 4 the the DET bracis-19065 7 5 required require VERB bracis-19065 7 6 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 7 7 communication communication NOUN bracis-19065 7 8 channel channel NOUN bracis-19065 7 9 will will AUX bracis-19065 7 10 promote promote VERB bracis-19065 7 11 the the DET bracis-19065 7 12 formation formation NOUN bracis-19065 7 13 of of ADP bracis-19065 7 14 a a DET bracis-19065 7 15 caring care VERB bracis-19065 7 16 community community NOUN bracis-19065 7 17 ready ready ADJ bracis-19065 7 18 to to PART bracis-19065 7 19 offer offer VERB bracis-19065 7 20 unpaid unpaid ADJ bracis-19065 7 21 advice advice NOUN bracis-19065 7 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 7 23 family family NOUN bracis-19065 7 24 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 7 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 8 1 the the DET bracis-19065 8 2 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 8 3 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 8 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 8 5 refinement refinement NOUN bracis-19065 8 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 8 7 the the DET bracis-19065 8 8 assistance assistance NOUN bracis-19065 8 9 system system NOUN bracis-19065 8 10 are be AUX bracis-19065 8 11 described describe VERB bracis-19065 8 12 in in ADP bracis-19065 8 13 detail detail NOUN bracis-19065 8 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 9 1 the the DET bracis-19065 9 2 developed develop VERB bracis-19065 9 3 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 9 4 system system NOUN bracis-19065 9 5 achieves achieve VERB bracis-19065 9 6 a a DET bracis-19065 9 7 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 9 8 value value NOUN bracis-19065 9 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 9 10 95 95 NUM bracis-19065 9 11 % % NOUN bracis-19065 9 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 10 1 access access NOUN bracis-19065 10 2 provided provide VERB bracis-19065 10 3 by by ADP bracis-19065 10 4 university university PROPN bracis-19065 10 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 10 6 notre notre PROPN bracis-19065 10 7 dame dame PROPN bracis-19065 10 8 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-19065 10 9 library library PROPN bracis-19065 10 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 11 1 download download PROPN bracis-19065 11 2 conference conference NOUN bracis-19065 11 3 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 11 4 pdf pdf NOUN bracis-19065 11 5 similar similar ADJ bracis-19065 11 6 content content NOUN bracis-19065 11 7 being be AUX bracis-19065 11 8 viewed view VERB bracis-19065 11 9 by by ADP bracis-19065 11 10 others other NOUN bracis-19065 11 11 smart smart ADJ bracis-19065 11 12 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 11 13 health health NOUN bracis-19065 11 14 analytics analytic NOUN bracis-19065 11 15 system system NOUN bracis-19065 11 16 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-19065 11 17 © © PROPN bracis-19065 11 18 2026 2026 NUM bracis-19065 11 19 explaining explain VERB bracis-19065 11 20 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 11 21 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 11 22 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 11 23 based base VERB bracis-19065 11 24 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 11 25 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 11 26 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 11 27 article article NOUN bracis-19065 11 28 29 29 NUM bracis-19065 11 29 july july PROPN bracis-19065 11 30 2024 2024 NUM bracis-19065 11 31 ensembling ensemble VERB bracis-19065 11 32 of of ADP bracis-19065 11 33 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-19065 11 34 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 11 35 for for ADP bracis-19065 11 36 enhanced enhanced ADJ bracis-19065 11 37 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 11 38 agriculture agriculture NOUN bracis-19065 11 39 in in ADP bracis-19065 11 40 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 11 41 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 11 42 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 11 43 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-19065 11 44 © © PROPN bracis-19065 11 45 2024 2024 NUM bracis-19065 11 46 explore explore VERB bracis-19065 11 47 related relate VERB bracis-19065 11 48 subjects subject NOUN bracis-19065 11 49 discover discover VERB bracis-19065 11 50 the the DET bracis-19065 11 51 latest late ADJ bracis-19065 11 52 articles article NOUN bracis-19065 11 53 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 11 54 books book NOUN bracis-19065 11 55 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 11 56 news news NOUN bracis-19065 11 57 in in ADP bracis-19065 11 58 related related ADJ bracis-19065 11 59 subjects subject NOUN bracis-19065 11 60 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 11 61 suggested suggest VERB bracis-19065 11 62 using use VERB bracis-19065 11 63 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 11 64 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 11 65 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 12 1 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 12 2 geography geography NOUN bracis-19065 12 3 agriculture agriculture PROPN bracis-19065 12 4 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 12 5 biotechnology biotechnology NOUN bracis-19065 12 6 agronomy agronomy NOUN bracis-19065 12 7 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 12 8 biotechnology biotechnology NOUN bracis-19065 12 9 subsistence subsistence NOUN bracis-19065 12 10 agriculture agriculture NOUN bracis-19065 12 11 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 12 12 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-19065 12 13 there there PRON bracis-19065 12 14 are be VERB bracis-19065 12 15 currently currently ADV bracis-19065 12 16 about about ADV bracis-19065 12 17 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 12 18 million million NUM bracis-19065 12 19 properties property NOUN bracis-19065 12 20 in in ADP bracis-19065 12 21 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 12 22 that that PRON bracis-19065 12 23 subsist subsist VERB bracis-19065 12 24 on on ADP bracis-19065 12 25 family family NOUN bracis-19065 12 26 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 12 27 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 12 28 employing employ VERB bracis-19065 12 29 more more ADJ bracis-19065 12 30 than than ADP bracis-19065 12 31 10 10 NUM bracis-19065 12 32 million million NUM bracis-19065 12 33 people people NOUN bracis-19065 12 34 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 13 1 according accord VERB bracis-19065 13 2 to to ADP bracis-19065 13 3 the the DET bracis-19065 13 4 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-19065 13 5 government government NOUN bracis-19065 13 6     SPACE bracis-19065 13 7 [ [ X bracis-19065 13 8 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 13 9 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 13 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 13 11 smallholder smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 13 12 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 13 13 represent represent VERB bracis-19065 13 14 84.4 84.4 NUM bracis-19065 13 15 % % NOUN bracis-19065 13 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 13 17 rural rural ADJ bracis-19065 13 18 establishments establishment NOUN bracis-19065 13 19 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 13 20 are be AUX bracis-19065 13 21 responsible responsible ADJ bracis-19065 13 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 13 23 74 74 NUM bracis-19065 13 24 % % NOUN bracis-19065 13 25 of of ADP bracis-19065 13 26 rural rural ADJ bracis-19065 13 27 jobs job NOUN bracis-19065 13 28 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 13 29 33.2 33.2 NUM bracis-19065 13 30 % % NOUN bracis-19065 13 31 of of ADP bracis-19065 13 32 the the DET bracis-19065 13 33 agricultural agricultural PROPN bracis-19065 13 34 gdp gdp NOUN bracis-19065 13 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 14 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 14 2 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 14 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 14 4 located locate VERB bracis-19065 14 5 in in ADP bracis-19065 14 6 the the DET bracis-19065 14 7 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-19065 14 8 region region NOUN bracis-19065 14 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 14 10 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 14 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 14 12 family family NOUN bracis-19065 14 13 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 14 14 employs employ VERB bracis-19065 14 15 ca ca PROPN bracis-19065 14 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 14 17     SPACE bracis-19065 14 18 83 83 NUM bracis-19065 14 19 % % NOUN bracis-19065 14 20 of of ADP bracis-19065 14 21 the the DET bracis-19065 14 22 people people NOUN bracis-19065 14 23 living live VERB bracis-19065 14 24 in in ADP bracis-19065 14 25 the the DET bracis-19065 14 26 countryside countryside NOUN bracis-19065 14 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 15 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 15 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 15 3 smallholder smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 15 4 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 15 5 are be AUX bracis-19065 15 6 economically economically ADV bracis-19065 15 7 vulnerable vulnerable ADJ bracis-19065 15 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 15 9 especially especially ADV bracis-19065 15 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 15 11 a a DET bracis-19065 15 12 region region NOUN bracis-19065 15 13 that that PRON bracis-19065 15 14 still still ADV bracis-19065 15 15 demonstrates demonstrate VERB bracis-19065 15 16 one one NUM bracis-19065 15 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 15 18 the the DET bracis-19065 15 19 highest high ADJ bracis-19065 15 20 poverty poverty NOUN bracis-19065 15 21 rates rate NOUN bracis-19065 15 22 in in ADP bracis-19065 15 23 the the DET bracis-19065 15 24 country country NOUN bracis-19065 15 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 16 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-19065 16 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 16 3 they they PRON bracis-19065 16 4 are be AUX bracis-19065 16 5 strongly strongly ADV bracis-19065 16 6 affected affect VERB bracis-19065 16 7 by by ADP bracis-19065 16 8 a a DET bracis-19065 16 9 changing change VERB bracis-19065 16 10 climate climate NOUN bracis-19065 16 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 17 1 yet yet ADV bracis-19065 17 2 today today NOUN bracis-19065 17 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 17 4 pernambuco pernambuco NOUN bracis-19065 17 5 suffers suffer VERB bracis-19065 17 6 from from ADP bracis-19065 17 7 major major ADJ bracis-19065 17 8 meteorological meteorological ADJ bracis-19065 17 9 disasters disaster NOUN bracis-19065 17 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 17 11 especially especially ADV bracis-19065 17 12 droughts drought NOUN bracis-19065 17 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 18 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-19065 18 2 the the DET bracis-19065 18 3 great great ADJ bracis-19065 18 4 importance importance NOUN bracis-19065 18 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 18 6 family family NOUN bracis-19065 18 7 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 18 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 18 9 small small ADJ bracis-19065 18 10 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 18 11 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 18 12 producers producer NOUN bracis-19065 18 13 have have VERB bracis-19065 18 14 to to PART bracis-19065 18 15 face face VERB bracis-19065 18 16 their their PRON bracis-19065 18 17 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-19065 18 18 alone alone ADV bracis-19065 18 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 19 1 they they PRON bracis-19065 19 2 lack lack VERB bracis-19065 19 3 the the DET bracis-19065 19 4 financial financial ADJ bracis-19065 19 5 resources resource NOUN bracis-19065 19 6 to to PART bracis-19065 19 7 seek seek VERB bracis-19065 19 8 private private ADJ bracis-19065 19 9 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 19 10 consultants consultant NOUN bracis-19065 19 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 19 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 19 13 governmental governmental ADJ bracis-19065 19 14 support support NOUN bracis-19065 19 15 is be AUX bracis-19065 19 16 sparse sparse ADJ bracis-19065 19 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 20 1 according accord VERB bracis-19065 20 2 to to ADP bracis-19065 20 3 the the DET bracis-19065 20 4 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 20 5 census census NOUN bracis-19065 20 6 in in ADP bracis-19065 20 7 2006 2006 NUM bracis-19065 20 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 20 9 2017 2017 NUM bracis-19065 20 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 20 11 about about ADV bracis-19065 20 12 80 80 NUM bracis-19065 20 13 % % NOUN bracis-19065 20 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 20 15 the the DET bracis-19065 20 16 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 20 17 establishments establishment NOUN bracis-19065 20 18 declared declare VERB bracis-19065 20 19 not not PART bracis-19065 20 20 having having AUX bracis-19065 20 21 received receive VERB bracis-19065 20 22 any any DET bracis-19065 20 23 technical technical ADJ bracis-19065 20 24 support support NOUN bracis-19065 20 25 required require VERB bracis-19065 20 26 to to PART bracis-19065 20 27 adopt adopt VERB bracis-19065 20 28 modern modern ADJ bracis-19065 20 29 technology technology NOUN bracis-19065 20 30 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 20 31 improve improve VERB bracis-19065 20 32 productivity productivity NOUN bracis-19065 20 33 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 21 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-19065 21 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 21 3 pests pest NOUN bracis-19065 21 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 21 5 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 21 6 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 21 7 can can AUX bracis-19065 21 8 have have VERB bracis-19065 21 9 severe severe ADJ bracis-19065 21 10 economic economic ADJ bracis-19065 21 11 impacts impact NOUN bracis-19065 21 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 21 13 causing cause VERB bracis-19065 21 14 losses loss NOUN bracis-19065 21 15 that that PRON bracis-19065 21 16 reached reach VERB bracis-19065 21 17 up up ADP bracis-19065 21 18     SPACE bracis-19065 21 19 to to PART bracis-19065 21 20 43 43 NUM bracis-19065 21 21 % % NOUN bracis-19065 21 22 of of ADP bracis-19065 21 23 the the DET bracis-19065 21 24 annual annual ADJ bracis-19065 21 25 production production NOUN bracis-19065 21 26 in in ADP bracis-19065 21 27 2016 2016 NUM bracis-19065 21 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 22 1 significant significant ADJ bracis-19065 22 2 yield yield NOUN bracis-19065 22 3 losses loss NOUN bracis-19065 22 4 are be AUX bracis-19065 22 5 avoidable avoidable ADJ bracis-19065 22 6 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 22 7 caused cause VERB bracis-19065 22 8 by by ADP bracis-19065 22 9 the the DET bracis-19065 22 10 misuse misuse NOUN bracis-19065 22 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 22 12 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 22 13 lack lack NOUN bracis-19065 22 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 22 15 usage usage NOUN bracis-19065 22 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 22 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 22 18 phytosanitary phytosanitary NOUN bracis-19065 22 19 products product NOUN bracis-19065 22 20 for for ADP bracis-19065 22 21 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 22 22 control control NOUN bracis-19065 22 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 23 1 this this DET bracis-19065 23 2 situation situation NOUN bracis-19065 23 3 aggravates aggravate VERB bracis-19065 23 4 by by ADP bracis-19065 23 5 the the DET bracis-19065 23 6 aging age VERB bracis-19065 23 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 23 8 low low ADJ bracis-19065 23 9 education education NOUN bracis-19065 23 10 level level NOUN bracis-19065 23 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 23 12 small small ADJ bracis-19065 23 13 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 23 14 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 23 15 producers producer NOUN bracis-19065 23 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 24 1 15.6 15.6 NUM bracis-19065 24 2 % % NOUN bracis-19065 24 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 24 4 the the DET bracis-19065 24 5 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 24 6 who who PRON bracis-19065 24 7 use use VERB bracis-19065 24 8 phytosanitary phytosanitary NOUN bracis-19065 24 9 products product NOUN bracis-19065 24 10 are be AUX bracis-19065 24 11 illiterate illiterate ADJ bracis-19065 24 12     SPACE bracis-19065 25 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 25 2 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 25 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 25 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 26 1 the the DET bracis-19065 26 2 correct correct ADJ bracis-19065 26 3 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 26 4 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 26 5 is be AUX bracis-19065 26 6 vital vital ADJ bracis-19065 26 7 for for ADP bracis-19065 26 8 any any DET bracis-19065 26 9 treatment treatment NOUN bracis-19065 26 10 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-19065 26 11 that that PRON bracis-19065 26 12 explicitly explicitly ADV bracis-19065 26 13 targets target VERB bracis-19065 26 14 the the DET bracis-19065 26 15 causing cause VERB bracis-19065 26 16 agents agent NOUN bracis-19065 26 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 26 18 avoiding avoid VERB bracis-19065 26 19 the the DET bracis-19065 26 20 excessive excessive ADJ bracis-19065 26 21 use use NOUN bracis-19065 26 22 of of ADP bracis-19065 26 23 non non ADJ bracis-19065 26 24 - - ADJ bracis-19065 26 25 specified specified ADJ bracis-19065 26 26 agrochemicals agrochemical NOUN bracis-19065 26 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 27 1 access access NOUN bracis-19065 27 2 to to ADP bracis-19065 27 3 technical technical ADJ bracis-19065 27 4 assistance assistance NOUN bracis-19065 27 5 would would AUX bracis-19065 27 6 inform inform VERB bracis-19065 27 7 family family NOUN bracis-19065 27 8 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 27 9 about about ADP bracis-19065 27 10 the the DET bracis-19065 27 11 technological technological ADJ bracis-19065 27 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 27 13 management management NOUN bracis-19065 27 14 innovations innovation NOUN bracis-19065 27 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 27 16 empower empower VERB bracis-19065 27 17 them they PRON bracis-19065 27 18 to to PART bracis-19065 27 19 adopt adopt VERB bracis-19065 27 20 these these DET bracis-19065 27 21 measures measure NOUN bracis-19065 27 22 correctly correctly ADV bracis-19065 27 23 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 27 24 reducing reduce VERB bracis-19065 27 25 the the DET bracis-19065 27 26 risks risk NOUN bracis-19065 27 27 inherent inherent ADJ bracis-19065 27 28 to to ADP bracis-19065 27 29 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 27 30 activities activity NOUN bracis-19065 27 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 28 1 the the DET bracis-19065 28 2 present present ADJ bracis-19065 28 3 work work NOUN bracis-19065 28 4 proposes propose VERB bracis-19065 28 5 an an DET bracis-19065 28 6 assistant assistant ADJ bracis-19065 28 7 system system NOUN bracis-19065 28 8 based base VERB bracis-19065 28 9 on on ADP bracis-19065 28 10 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 28 11 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 28 12 to to PART bracis-19065 28 13 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 28 14 the the DET bracis-19065 28 15 presence presence NOUN bracis-19065 28 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 28 17 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 28 18 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 28 19 in in ADP bracis-19065 28 20 images image NOUN bracis-19065 28 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 28 22 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 28 23 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 28 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 29 1 the the DET bracis-19065 29 2 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 29 3 was be AUX bracis-19065 29 4 developed develop VERB bracis-19065 29 5 in in ADP bracis-19065 29 6 partnership partnership NOUN bracis-19065 29 7 with with ADP bracis-19065 29 8 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 29 9 from from ADP bracis-19065 29 10 the the DET bracis-19065 29 11 phytosanitary phytosanitary NOUN bracis-19065 29 12 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 29 13 of of ADP bracis-19065 29 14 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 29 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 29 16 clifipe clifipe NOUN bracis-19065 29 17 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 29 18 hosted host VERB bracis-19065 29 19 by by ADP bracis-19065 29 20 the the DET bracis-19065 29 21 federal federal ADJ bracis-19065 29 22 rural rural ADJ bracis-19065 29 23 university university PROPN bracis-19065 29 24 of of ADP bracis-19065 29 25 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 29 26 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 29 27 ufrpe ufrpe PROPN bracis-19065 29 28 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 29 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 30 1 the the DET bracis-19065 30 2 goal goal NOUN bracis-19065 30 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 30 4 to to PART bracis-19065 30 5 provide provide VERB bracis-19065 30 6 technical technical ADJ bracis-19065 30 7 aid aid NOUN bracis-19065 30 8 in in ADP bracis-19065 30 9 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 30 10 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 30 11 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-19065 30 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 30 13 prevention prevention NOUN bracis-19065 30 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 30 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 30 16 treatment treatment NOUN bracis-19065 30 17 more more ADV bracis-19065 30 18 efficiently efficiently ADV bracis-19065 30 19 to to ADP bracis-19065 30 20 family family NOUN bracis-19065 30 21 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 30 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 31 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-19065 31 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 31 3 the the DET bracis-19065 31 4 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-19065 31 5 gain gain NOUN bracis-19065 31 6 shall shall AUX bracis-19065 31 7 enable enable VERB bracis-19065 31 8 the the DET bracis-19065 31 9 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 31 10 from from ADP bracis-19065 31 11 clifipe clifipe NOUN bracis-19065 31 12 to to PART bracis-19065 31 13 reach reach VERB bracis-19065 31 14 out out ADP bracis-19065 31 15 to to ADP bracis-19065 31 16 a a DET bracis-19065 31 17 more more ADV bracis-19065 31 18 significant significant ADJ bracis-19065 31 19 part part NOUN bracis-19065 31 20 of of ADP bracis-19065 31 21 the the DET bracis-19065 31 22 local local ADJ bracis-19065 31 23 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 31 24 community community NOUN bracis-19065 31 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 32 1 the the DET bracis-19065 32 2 system system NOUN bracis-19065 32 3 can can AUX bracis-19065 32 4 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 32 5 the the DET bracis-19065 32 6 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 32 7 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-19065 32 8 images image NOUN bracis-19065 32 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 32 10 achieving achieve VERB bracis-19065 32 11 a a DET bracis-19065 32 12 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 32 13 value value NOUN bracis-19065 32 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 32 15 95 95 NUM bracis-19065 32 16 % % NOUN bracis-19065 32 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 33 1 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 33 2 related relate VERB bracis-19065 33 3 works work VERB bracis-19065 33 4 the the DET bracis-19065 33 5 application application NOUN bracis-19065 33 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 33 7 technology technology NOUN bracis-19065 33 8 to to ADP bracis-19065 33 9 agriculture agriculture NOUN bracis-19065 33 10 has have AUX bracis-19065 33 11 been be AUX bracis-19065 33 12 approached approach VERB bracis-19065 33 13 in in ADP bracis-19065 33 14 several several ADJ bracis-19065 33 15 studies study NOUN bracis-19065 33 16 that that PRON bracis-19065 33 17 employ employ VERB bracis-19065 33 18 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 33 19 services service NOUN bracis-19065 33 20 to to PART bracis-19065 33 21 help help VERB bracis-19065 33 22 smallholder smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 33 23 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 33 24 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 33 25 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 33 26 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 33 27 to to PART bracis-19065 33 28 detect detect VERB bracis-19065 33 29 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 33 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 34 1 baumüller baumüller NOUN bracis-19065 34 2 recently recently ADV bracis-19065 34 3 reviewed review VERB bracis-19065 34 4 [ [ PUNCT bracis-19065 34 5 2 2 X bracis-19065 34 6 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 34 7 the the DET bracis-19065 34 8 literature literature NOUN bracis-19065 34 9 on on ADP bracis-19065 34 10 agriculture agriculture NOUN bracis-19065 34 11 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 34 12 related relate VERB bracis-19065 34 13 services service NOUN bracis-19065 34 14 offered offer VERB bracis-19065 34 15 through through ADP bracis-19065 34 16 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 34 17 phones phone NOUN bracis-19065 34 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 34 19 recognizing recognize VERB bracis-19065 34 20 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 34 21 the the DET bracis-19065 34 22 strategic strategic ADJ bracis-19065 34 23 application application NOUN bracis-19065 34 24 of of ADP bracis-19065 34 25 information information NOUN bracis-19065 34 26 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 34 27 communication communication NOUN bracis-19065 34 28 technology technology NOUN bracis-19065 34 29 provides provide VERB bracis-19065 34 30 the the DET bracis-19065 34 31 best good ADJ bracis-19065 34 32 opportunity opportunity NOUN bracis-19065 34 33 for for ADP bracis-19065 34 34 economic economic ADJ bracis-19065 34 35 growth growth NOUN bracis-19065 34 36 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 34 37 poverty poverty NOUN bracis-19065 34 38 reduction reduction NOUN bracis-19065 34 39 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 35 1 the the DET bracis-19065 35 2 review review NOUN bracis-19065 35 3 describes describe VERB bracis-19065 35 4 four four NUM bracis-19065 35 5 service service NOUN bracis-19065 35 6 categories category NOUN bracis-19065 35 7 offered offer VERB bracis-19065 35 8 through through ADP bracis-19065 35 9 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 35 10 phones phone NOUN bracis-19065 35 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 35 12 information information NOUN bracis-19065 35 13 dissemination dissemination NOUN bracis-19065 35 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 35 15 financial financial ADJ bracis-19065 35 16 services service NOUN bracis-19065 35 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 35 18 access access NOUN bracis-19065 35 19 to to ADP bracis-19065 35 20 suppliers supplier NOUN bracis-19065 35 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 35 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 35 23 access access NOUN bracis-19065 35 24 to to ADP bracis-19065 35 25 output output NOUN bracis-19065 35 26 markets market NOUN bracis-19065 35 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 35 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 36 1 it it PRON bracis-19065 36 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 36 3 takes take VERB bracis-19065 36 4 a a DET bracis-19065 36 5 critical critical ADJ bracis-19065 36 6 look look NOUN bracis-19065 36 7 at at ADP bracis-19065 36 8 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-19065 36 9 works work NOUN bracis-19065 36 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 36 11 the the DET bracis-19065 36 12 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 36 13 impact impact NOUN bracis-19065 36 14 related relate VERB bracis-19065 36 15 to to ADP bracis-19065 36 16 these these DET bracis-19065 36 17 services service NOUN bracis-19065 36 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 37 1 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 37 2 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 37 3 services service NOUN bracis-19065 37 4 for for ADP bracis-19065 37 5 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 37 6 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 37 7 monitoring monitoring NOUN bracis-19065 37 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 37 9 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-19065 37 10 belong belong VERB bracis-19065 37 11 to to ADP bracis-19065 37 12 the the DET bracis-19065 37 13 first first ADJ bracis-19065 37 14 category category NOUN bracis-19065 37 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 38 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 38 2 a a DET bracis-19065 38 3 pioneering pioneering ADJ bracis-19065 38 4 work work NOUN bracis-19065 38 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 38 6 mohanty mohanty PROPN bracis-19065 38 7 et et PROPN bracis-19065 38 8 al al PROPN bracis-19065 38 9 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 38 10     SPACE bracis-19065 39 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 39 2 3 3 X bracis-19065 39 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 39 4 suggested suggest VERB bracis-19065 39 5 using use VERB bracis-19065 39 6 a a DET bracis-19065 39 7 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 39 8 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 39 9 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 39 10 based base VERB bracis-19065 39 11 on on ADP bracis-19065 39 12 image image NOUN bracis-19065 39 13 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 39 14 to to PART bracis-19065 39 15 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 39 16 selected select VERB bracis-19065 39 17 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 39 18 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 39 19 through through ADP bracis-19065 39 20 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 39 21 images image NOUN bracis-19065 39 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 40 1 to to ADP bracis-19065 40 2 this this DET bracis-19065 40 3 extent extent NOUN bracis-19065 40 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 40 5 the the DET bracis-19065 40 6 authors author NOUN bracis-19065 40 7 created create VERB bracis-19065 40 8 a a DET bracis-19065 40 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 40 10 for for ADP bracis-19065 40 11 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 40 12 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 40 13     SPACE bracis-19065 41 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 41 2 4 4 X bracis-19065 41 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 41 4 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 41 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 41 6 38 38 NUM bracis-19065 41 7 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 41 8 defined define VERB bracis-19065 41 9 as as ADP bracis-19065 41 10 a a DET bracis-19065 41 11 pair pair NOUN bracis-19065 41 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 41 13 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 41 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 41 15 illness illness NOUN bracis-19065 41 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 42 1 then then ADV bracis-19065 42 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 42 3 they they PRON bracis-19065 42 4 trained train VERB bracis-19065 42 5 a a DET bracis-19065 42 6 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-19065 42 7 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 42 8 network network NOUN bracis-19065 42 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 42 10 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 42 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 42 12 to to PART bracis-19065 42 13 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 42 14 them they PRON bracis-19065 42 15 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 42 16 achieving achieve VERB bracis-19065 42 17 an an DET bracis-19065 42 18 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 42 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 42 20 over over ADP bracis-19065 42 21 99 99 NUM bracis-19065 42 22 % % NOUN bracis-19065 42 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 43 1 the the DET bracis-19065 43 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 43 3 includes include VERB bracis-19065 43 4 more more ADJ bracis-19065 43 5 than than ADP bracis-19065 43 6 54000 54000 NUM bracis-19065 43 7 images image NOUN bracis-19065 43 8 from from ADP bracis-19065 43 9 14 14 NUM bracis-19065 43 10 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 43 11 species specie NOUN bracis-19065 43 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 43 13 26 26 NUM bracis-19065 43 14 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 43 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 44 1 most most ADV bracis-19065 44 2 importantly importantly ADV bracis-19065 44 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 44 4 the the DET bracis-19065 44 5 publicly publicly ADV bracis-19065 44 6 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-19065 44 7 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 44 8 enabled enable VERB bracis-19065 44 9 several several ADJ bracis-19065 44 10 follow follow NOUN bracis-19065 44 11 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 44 12 up up ADP bracis-19065 44 13 studies study NOUN bracis-19065 44 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 45 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 45 2 the the DET bracis-19065 45 3 application application NOUN bracis-19065 45 4 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-19065 45 5 envisioned envision VERB bracis-19065 45 6 in in ADP bracis-19065 45 7 the the DET bracis-19065 45 8 here here ADV bracis-19065 45 9 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 45 10 work work NOUN bracis-19065 45 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 45 12 the the DET bracis-19065 45 13 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 45 14 only only ADV bracis-19065 45 15 assists assist VERB bracis-19065 45 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 45 17 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 45 18 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-19065 45 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 46 1 a a DET bracis-19065 46 2 human human ADJ bracis-19065 46 3 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 46 4 takes take VERB bracis-19065 46 5 the the DET bracis-19065 46 6 final final ADJ bracis-19065 46 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN bracis-19065 46 8 since since SCONJ bracis-19065 46 9 false false ADJ bracis-19065 46 10 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 46 11 can can AUX bracis-19065 46 12 cause cause VERB bracis-19065 46 13 severe severe ADJ bracis-19065 46 14 consequences consequence NOUN bracis-19065 46 15 for for ADP bracis-19065 46 16 a a DET bracis-19065 46 17 small small ADJ bracis-19065 46 18 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 46 19 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 46 20 producer producer NOUN bracis-19065 46 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 47 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-19065 47 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 47 3 the the DET bracis-19065 47 4 farmer farmer NOUN bracis-19065 47 5 himself himself PRON bracis-19065 47 6 takes take VERB bracis-19065 47 7 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 47 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 47 9 the the DET bracis-19065 47 10 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 47 11 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 47 12 provides provide VERB bracis-19065 47 13 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 47 14 information information NOUN bracis-19065 47 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 48 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 48 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 48 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 48 4 the the DET bracis-19065 48 5 images image NOUN bracis-19065 48 6 taken take VERB bracis-19065 48 7 by by ADP bracis-19065 48 8 the the DET bracis-19065 48 9 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 48 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 48 11 the the DET bracis-19065 48 12 field field NOUN bracis-19065 48 13 will will AUX bracis-19065 48 14 not not PART bracis-19065 48 15 follow follow VERB bracis-19065 48 16 any any DET bracis-19065 48 17 predefined predefine VERB bracis-19065 48 18 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-19065 48 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 48 20 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 48 21 opposed oppose VERB bracis-19065 48 22 to to ADP bracis-19065 48 23 the the DET bracis-19065 48 24 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 48 25 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 48 26 created create VERB bracis-19065 48 27 in in ADP bracis-19065 48 28 a a DET bracis-19065 48 29 laboratory laboratory NOUN bracis-19065 48 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 49 1 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 49 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 49 3 the the DET bracis-19065 49 4 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 49 5 needs need VERB bracis-19065 49 6 to to PART bracis-19065 49 7 be be AUX bracis-19065 49 8 trained train VERB bracis-19065 49 9 with with ADP bracis-19065 49 10 images image NOUN bracis-19065 49 11 that that PRON bracis-19065 49 12 match match VERB bracis-19065 49 13 reality reality NOUN bracis-19065 49 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 49 15 are be AUX bracis-19065 49 16 specific specific ADJ bracis-19065 49 17 to to ADP bracis-19065 49 18 the the DET bracis-19065 49 19 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 49 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 49 21 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 49 22 encountered encounter VERB bracis-19065 49 23 in in ADP bracis-19065 49 24 the the DET bracis-19065 49 25 region region NOUN bracis-19065 49 26 where where SCONJ bracis-19065 49 27 advice advice NOUN bracis-19065 49 28 shall shall AUX bracis-19065 49 29 be be AUX bracis-19065 49 30 provided provide VERB bracis-19065 49 31 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 49 32 here here ADV bracis-19065 49 33 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 49 34 the the DET bracis-19065 49 35 state state NOUN bracis-19065 49 36 of of ADP bracis-19065 49 37 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 49 38 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 50 1 rangarajan rangarajan PROPN bracis-19065 50 2 et et PROPN bracis-19065 50 3 al al PROPN bracis-19065 50 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 50 5     SPACE bracis-19065 51 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 51 2 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 51 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 51 4 also also ADV bracis-19065 51 5 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 51 6 a a DET bracis-19065 51 7 system system NOUN bracis-19065 51 8 to to PART bracis-19065 51 9 perform perform VERB bracis-19065 51 10 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 51 11 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 51 12 using use VERB bracis-19065 51 13 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 51 14 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 51 15 images image NOUN bracis-19065 51 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 52 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 52 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 52 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 52 4 the the DET bracis-19065 52 5 study study NOUN bracis-19065 52 6 assembled assemble VERB bracis-19065 52 7 a a DET bracis-19065 52 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 52 9 using use VERB bracis-19065 52 10 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 52 11 from from ADP bracis-19065 52 12 five five NUM bracis-19065 52 13 different different ADJ bracis-19065 52 14 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 52 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 52 16 the the DET bracis-19065 52 17 eggplant eggplant NOUN bracis-19065 52 18 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 52 19 taken take VERB bracis-19065 52 20 both both PRON bracis-19065 52 21 in in ADP bracis-19065 52 22 a a DET bracis-19065 52 23 lab lab NOUN bracis-19065 52 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 52 25 in in ADP bracis-19065 52 26 an an DET bracis-19065 52 27 actual actual ADJ bracis-19065 52 28 field field NOUN bracis-19065 52 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 53 1 the the DET bracis-19065 53 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 53 3 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-19065 53 4 used use VERB bracis-19065 53 5 vgg16 vgg16 PROPN bracis-19065 53 6 as as ADP bracis-19065 53 7 a a DET bracis-19065 53 8 feature feature NOUN bracis-19065 53 9 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-19065 53 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 53 11 multi multi ADJ bracis-19065 53 12 - - ADJ bracis-19065 53 13 class class ADJ bracis-19065 53 14 support support NOUN bracis-19065 53 15 vector vector NOUN bracis-19065 53 16 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 53 17 to to PART bracis-19065 53 18 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 53 19 the the DET bracis-19065 53 20 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 53 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 54 1 even even ADV bracis-19065 54 2 though though SCONJ bracis-19065 54 3 these these DET bracis-19065 54 4 techniques technique NOUN bracis-19065 54 5 are be AUX bracis-19065 54 6 frequently frequently ADV bracis-19065 54 7 used use VERB bracis-19065 54 8 in in ADP bracis-19065 54 9 image image NOUN bracis-19065 54 10 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 54 11 tasks task NOUN bracis-19065 54 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 54 13 studies study NOUN bracis-19065 54 14 indicate indicate VERB bracis-19065 54 15 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 54 16 this this DET bracis-19065 54 17 method method NOUN bracis-19065 54 18 produces produce VERB bracis-19065 54 19 worse bad ADJ bracis-19065 54 20 results result NOUN bracis-19065 54 21 than than ADP bracis-19065 54 22 using use VERB bracis-19065 54 23 the the DET bracis-19065 54 24 same same ADJ bracis-19065 54 25 network network NOUN bracis-19065 54 26 as as ADP bracis-19065 54 27 feature feature NOUN bracis-19065 54 28 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-19065 54 29 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 54 30 classifier classifier PROPN bracis-19065 54 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 55 1 barbedo barbedo PROPN bracis-19065 55 2     SPACE bracis-19065 56 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 56 2 6 6 NUM bracis-19065 56 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 56 4 introduced introduce VERB bracis-19065 56 5 a a DET bracis-19065 56 6 system system NOUN bracis-19065 56 7 to to PART bracis-19065 56 8 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 56 9 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 56 10 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 56 11 using use VERB bracis-19065 56 12 the the DET bracis-19065 56 13 public public ADJ bracis-19065 56 14 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 56 15 digipathos digipathos PROPN bracis-19065 56 16     SPACE bracis-19065 57 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 57 2 7 7 NUM bracis-19065 57 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 57 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 57 5 created create VERB bracis-19065 57 6 by by ADP bracis-19065 57 7 the the DET bracis-19065 57 8 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-19065 57 9 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 57 10 research research NOUN bracis-19065 57 11 corporation corporation NOUN bracis-19065 57 12 embrapa embrapa VERB bracis-19065 57 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 58 1 the the DET bracis-19065 58 2 author author NOUN bracis-19065 58 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 58 4 used use VERB bracis-19065 58 5 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 58 6 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 58 7 to to PART bracis-19065 58 8 perform perform VERB bracis-19065 58 9 the the DET bracis-19065 58 10 image image NOUN bracis-19065 58 11 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 58 12 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 58 13 explored explore VERB bracis-19065 58 14 individual individual ADJ bracis-19065 58 15 lesions lesion NOUN bracis-19065 58 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 58 17 spots spot NOUN bracis-19065 58 18 rather rather ADV bracis-19065 58 19 than than ADP bracis-19065 58 20 considering consider VERB bracis-19065 58 21 the the DET bracis-19065 58 22 entire entire ADJ bracis-19065 58 23 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 58 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 59 1 since since SCONJ bracis-19065 59 2 the the DET bracis-19065 59 3 embrapa embrapa VERB bracis-19065 59 4 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 59 5 is be AUX bracis-19065 59 6 not not PART bracis-19065 59 7 balanced balanced ADJ bracis-19065 59 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 59 9 the the DET bracis-19065 59 10 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 59 11 in in ADP bracis-19065 59 12 individual individual ADJ bracis-19065 59 13 lesions lesion NOUN bracis-19065 59 14 acts act VERB bracis-19065 59 15 as as ADP bracis-19065 59 16 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 59 17 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-19065 59 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 60 1 the the DET bracis-19065 60 2 system system NOUN bracis-19065 60 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 60 4 specialized specialize VERB bracis-19065 60 5 to to PART bracis-19065 60 6 detect detect VERB bracis-19065 60 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 60 8 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 60 9 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 60 10 based base VERB bracis-19065 60 11 mainly mainly ADV bracis-19065 60 12 on on ADP bracis-19065 60 13 these these DET bracis-19065 60 14 spots spot NOUN bracis-19065 60 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 61 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 61 2 its its PRON bracis-19065 61 3 current current ADJ bracis-19065 61 4 form form NOUN bracis-19065 61 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 61 6 our our PRON bracis-19065 61 7 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 61 8 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 61 9 suggests suggest VERB bracis-19065 61 10 to to ADP bracis-19065 61 11 a a DET bracis-19065 61 12 human human ADJ bracis-19065 61 13 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 61 14 larger large ADJ bracis-19065 61 15 picture picture NOUN bracis-19065 61 16 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 61 17 to to PART bracis-19065 61 18 provide provide VERB bracis-19065 61 19 context context NOUN bracis-19065 61 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 61 21 aid aid NOUN bracis-19065 61 22 in in ADP bracis-19065 61 23 the the DET bracis-19065 61 24 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 61 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 62 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 62 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 62 3 lesion lesion NOUN bracis-19065 62 4 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 62 5 based base VERB bracis-19065 62 6 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 62 7 is be AUX bracis-19065 62 8 considered consider VERB bracis-19065 62 9 for for ADP bracis-19065 62 10 future future ADJ bracis-19065 62 11 work work NOUN bracis-19065 62 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 63 1 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 63 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 63 3 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 63 4 3.1 3.1 NUM bracis-19065 63 5 system system NOUN bracis-19065 63 6 overview overview NOUN bracis-19065 63 7 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 63 8 mentioned mention VERB bracis-19065 63 9 in in ADP bracis-19065 63 10 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 63 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 63 12     SPACE bracis-19065 64 1 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 64 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 64 3 the the DET bracis-19065 64 4 system system NOUN bracis-19065 64 5 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 64 6 objective objective NOUN bracis-19065 64 7 is be AUX bracis-19065 64 8 to to PART bracis-19065 64 9 help help VERB bracis-19065 64 10 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 64 11 monitor monitor VERB bracis-19065 64 12 their their PRON bracis-19065 64 13 plantations plantation NOUN bracis-19065 64 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 64 15 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 64 16 whether whether SCONJ bracis-19065 64 17 the the DET bracis-19065 64 18 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 64 19 is be AUX bracis-19065 64 20 diseased disease VERB bracis-19065 64 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 65 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 65 2 this this DET bracis-19065 65 3 purpose purpose NOUN bracis-19065 65 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 65 5 the the DET bracis-19065 65 6 system system NOUN bracis-19065 65 7 uses use VERB bracis-19065 65 8 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 65 9 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 65 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 65 11 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 65 12 vision vision NOUN bracis-19065 65 13 techniques technique NOUN bracis-19065 65 14 to to PART bracis-19065 65 15 analyze analyze VERB bracis-19065 65 16 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 65 17 images image NOUN bracis-19065 65 18 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 65 19 detect detect VERB bracis-19065 65 20 whether whether SCONJ bracis-19065 65 21 they they PRON bracis-19065 65 22 show show VERB bracis-19065 65 23 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 65 24 not not PART bracis-19065 65 25 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 65 26 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 65 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 66 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 66 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 66 3 built build VERB bracis-19065 66 4 a a DET bracis-19065 66 5 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 66 6 platform platform NOUN bracis-19065 66 7 where where SCONJ bracis-19065 66 8 both both PRON bracis-19065 66 9 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 66 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 66 11 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 66 12 can can AUX bracis-19065 66 13 connect connect VERB bracis-19065 66 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 66 15 interact interact VERB bracis-19065 66 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 67 1 such such DET bracis-19065 67 2 a a DET bracis-19065 67 3 platform platform NOUN bracis-19065 67 4 facilitates facilitate VERB bracis-19065 67 5 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 67 6 improves improve VERB bracis-19065 67 7 the the DET bracis-19065 67 8 provided provided ADJ bracis-19065 67 9 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-19065 67 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 67 11 assistance assistance NOUN bracis-19065 67 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 68 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-19065 68 2     SPACE bracis-19065 68 3 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 68 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 68 5 the the DET bracis-19065 68 6 system system NOUN bracis-19065 68 7 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 68 8 general general ADJ bracis-19065 68 9 structure structure NOUN bracis-19065 68 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 69 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 69 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 70 1 1 1 X bracis-19065 70 2 . . X bracis-19065 70 3 general general ADJ bracis-19065 70 4 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-19065 70 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 70 6 the the DET bracis-19065 70 7 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 70 8 system system NOUN bracis-19065 70 9 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 70 10 by by ADP bracis-19065 70 11 a a DET bracis-19065 70 12 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 70 13 app app NOUN bracis-19065 70 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 70 15 a a DET bracis-19065 70 16 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 70 17 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 70 18 for for ADP bracis-19065 70 19 a a DET bracis-19065 70 20 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 70 21 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 70 22 full full ADJ bracis-19065 70 23 size size NOUN bracis-19065 70 24 image image NOUN bracis-19065 70 25 the the DET bracis-19065 70 26 proposed propose VERB bracis-19065 70 27 platform platform NOUN bracis-19065 70 28 is be AUX bracis-19065 70 29 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-19065 70 30 to to ADP bracis-19065 70 31 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 70 32 through through ADP bracis-19065 70 33 a a DET bracis-19065 70 34 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 70 35 application application NOUN bracis-19065 70 36 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 71 1 the the DET bracis-19065 71 2 user user NOUN bracis-19065 71 3 selects select VERB bracis-19065 71 4 a a DET bracis-19065 71 5 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 71 6 from from ADP bracis-19065 71 7 a a DET bracis-19065 71 8 predefined predefine VERB bracis-19065 71 9 collection collection NOUN bracis-19065 71 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 71 11 takes take VERB bracis-19065 71 12 a a DET bracis-19065 71 13 picture picture NOUN bracis-19065 71 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 71 15 a a DET bracis-19065 71 16 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 71 17 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 71 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 72 1 images image NOUN bracis-19065 72 2 are be AUX bracis-19065 72 3 automatically automatically ADV bracis-19065 72 4 segmented segment VERB bracis-19065 72 5 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 72 6 submitted submit VERB bracis-19065 72 7 to to ADP bracis-19065 72 8 the the DET bracis-19065 72 9 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 72 10 system system NOUN bracis-19065 72 11 to to PART bracis-19065 72 12 detect detect VERB bracis-19065 72 13 the the DET bracis-19065 72 14 probability probability NOUN bracis-19065 72 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 72 16 revealing reveal VERB bracis-19065 72 17 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 72 18 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 72 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 73 1 all all DET bracis-19065 73 2 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 73 3 are be AUX bracis-19065 73 4 stored store VERB bracis-19065 73 5 in in ADP bracis-19065 73 6 a a DET bracis-19065 73 7 database database NOUN bracis-19065 73 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 73 9 are be AUX bracis-19065 73 10 used use VERB bracis-19065 73 11 to to ADP bracis-19065 73 12 fine fine ADJ bracis-19065 73 13 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 73 14 tune tune NOUN bracis-19065 73 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 73 16 continuously continuously ADV bracis-19065 73 17 optimize optimize VERB bracis-19065 73 18 the the DET bracis-19065 73 19 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 73 20 systems system NOUN bracis-19065 73 21 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-19065 73 22 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 73 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 74 1 the the DET bracis-19065 74 2 app app NOUN bracis-19065 74 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 74 4 displays display VERB bracis-19065 74 5 general general ADJ bracis-19065 74 6 information information NOUN bracis-19065 74 7 about about ADP bracis-19065 74 8 possible possible ADJ bracis-19065 74 9 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 74 10 to to ADP bracis-19065 74 11 the the DET bracis-19065 74 12 user user NOUN bracis-19065 74 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 74 14 such such ADJ bracis-19065 74 15 as as ADP bracis-19065 74 16 its its PRON bracis-19065 74 17 most most ADV bracis-19065 74 18 common common ADJ bracis-19065 74 19 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 74 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 74 21 measures measure NOUN bracis-19065 74 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 74 23 prevention prevention NOUN bracis-19065 74 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 75 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 75 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 75 3 more more ADV bracis-19065 75 4 specific specific ADJ bracis-19065 75 5 advice advice NOUN bracis-19065 75 6 on on ADP bracis-19065 75 7 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 75 8 control control NOUN bracis-19065 75 9 is be AUX bracis-19065 75 10 left leave VERB bracis-19065 75 11 to to PART bracis-19065 75 12 direct direct VERB bracis-19065 75 13 communication communication NOUN bracis-19065 75 14 with with ADP bracis-19065 75 15 a a DET bracis-19065 75 16 phytopathology phytopathology NOUN bracis-19065 75 17 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 75 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 76 1 the the DET bracis-19065 76 2 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-19065 76 3 base base NOUN bracis-19065 76 4 is be AUX bracis-19065 76 5 an an DET bracis-19065 76 6 information information NOUN bracis-19065 76 7 database database NOUN bracis-19065 76 8 created create VERB bracis-19065 76 9 by by ADP bracis-19065 76 10 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 76 11 from from ADP bracis-19065 76 12 clifipe clifipe NOUN bracis-19065 76 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 77 1 the the DET bracis-19065 77 2 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 77 3 app app NOUN bracis-19065 77 4 allows allow VERB bracis-19065 77 5 the the DET bracis-19065 77 6 farmer farmer NOUN bracis-19065 77 7 to to PART bracis-19065 77 8 directly directly ADV bracis-19065 77 9 communicate communicate VERB bracis-19065 77 10 with with ADP bracis-19065 77 11 the the DET bracis-19065 77 12 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 77 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 77 14 exposing expose VERB bracis-19065 77 15 doubts doubt NOUN bracis-19065 77 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 77 17 receiving receive VERB bracis-19065 77 18 assistance assistance NOUN bracis-19065 77 19 with with ADP bracis-19065 77 20 problems problem NOUN bracis-19065 77 21 in in ADP bracis-19065 77 22 their their PRON bracis-19065 77 23 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 77 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 78 1 the the DET bracis-19065 78 2 community community NOUN bracis-19065 78 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 78 4 grants grant VERB bracis-19065 78 5 an an DET bracis-19065 78 6 opportunity opportunity NOUN bracis-19065 78 7 for for SCONJ bracis-19065 78 8 the the DET bracis-19065 78 9 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 78 10 to to PART bracis-19065 78 11 help help VERB bracis-19065 78 12 each each DET bracis-19065 78 13 other other ADJ bracis-19065 78 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 78 15 share share NOUN bracis-19065 78 16 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-19065 78 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 79 1 currently currently ADV bracis-19065 79 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 79 3 the the DET bracis-19065 79 4 system system NOUN bracis-19065 79 5 is be AUX bracis-19065 79 6 trained train VERB bracis-19065 79 7 to to PART bracis-19065 79 8 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 79 9 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 79 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 79 11 images image NOUN bracis-19065 79 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 79 13 grapes grape NOUN bracis-19065 79 14 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 79 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 80 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 80 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 80 3 the the DET bracis-19065 80 4 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 80 5 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 80 6 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-19065 80 7 will will AUX bracis-19065 80 8 focus focus VERB bracis-19065 80 9 on on ADP bracis-19065 80 10 the the DET bracis-19065 80 11 main main ADJ bracis-19065 80 12 food food NOUN bracis-19065 80 13 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 80 14 cultivated cultivate VERB bracis-19065 80 15 in in ADP bracis-19065 80 16 pernambuco pernambuco NOUN bracis-19065 80 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 80 18 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 80 19 later later ADV bracis-19065 80 20 in in ADP bracis-19065 80 21 the the DET bracis-19065 80 22 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-19065 80 23 region region NOUN bracis-19065 80 24 of of ADP bracis-19065 80 25 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 80 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 81 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-19065 81 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 81 3 one one NUM bracis-19065 81 4 of of ADP bracis-19065 81 5 the the DET bracis-19065 81 6 project project NOUN bracis-19065 81 7 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 81 8 goals goal NOUN bracis-19065 81 9 is be AUX bracis-19065 81 10 to to PART bracis-19065 81 11 build build VERB bracis-19065 81 12 a a DET bracis-19065 81 13 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 81 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 81 15 images image NOUN bracis-19065 81 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 81 17 the the DET bracis-19065 81 18 region region NOUN bracis-19065 81 19 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 81 20 most most ADV bracis-19065 81 21 common common ADJ bracis-19065 81 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 81 23 essential essential ADJ bracis-19065 81 24 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 81 25 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 81 26 the the DET bracis-19065 81 27 diseases disease NOUN bracis-19065 81 28 affecting affect VERB bracis-19065 81 29 them they PRON bracis-19065 81 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 82 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 82 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 82 3 aim aim VERB bracis-19065 82 4 to to PART bracis-19065 82 5 make make VERB bracis-19065 82 6 this this DET bracis-19065 82 7 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 82 8 available available ADJ bracis-19065 82 9 to to ADP bracis-19065 82 10 all all DET bracis-19065 82 11 researchers researcher NOUN bracis-19065 82 12 who who PRON bracis-19065 82 13 work work VERB bracis-19065 82 14 on on ADP bracis-19065 82 15 improving improve VERB bracis-19065 82 16 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 82 17 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 82 18 management management NOUN bracis-19065 82 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 83 1 3.2 3.2 NUM bracis-19065 83 2 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 83 3 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 83 4 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 83 5 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 83 6 to to PART bracis-19065 83 7 correctly correctly ADV bracis-19065 83 8 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 83 9 the the DET bracis-19065 83 10 presence presence NOUN bracis-19065 83 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 83 12 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 83 13 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 83 14 in in ADP bracis-19065 83 15 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 83 16 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 83 17 images image NOUN bracis-19065 83 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 83 19 we we PRON bracis-19065 83 20 developed develop VERB bracis-19065 83 21 a a DET bracis-19065 83 22 system system NOUN bracis-19065 83 23 that that PRON bracis-19065 83 24 generates generate VERB bracis-19065 83 25 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 83 26 from from ADP bracis-19065 83 27 images image NOUN bracis-19065 83 28 of of ADP bracis-19065 83 29 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 83 30 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 83 31 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 83 32 uses use VERB bracis-19065 83 33 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 83 34 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 83 35 techniques technique NOUN bracis-19065 83 36 to to PART bracis-19065 83 37 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 83 38 whether whether SCONJ bracis-19065 83 39 they they PRON bracis-19065 83 40 show show VERB bracis-19065 83 41 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 83 42 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 83 43 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 83 44 not not PART bracis-19065 83 45 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 84 1 section section NOUN bracis-19065 84 2     SPACE bracis-19065 84 3 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 84 4 delineates delineate VERB bracis-19065 84 5 some some DET bracis-19065 84 6 examples example NOUN bracis-19065 84 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 84 8 works work NOUN bracis-19065 84 9 that that PRON bracis-19065 84 10 perform perform VERB bracis-19065 84 11 similar similar ADJ bracis-19065 84 12 tasks task NOUN bracis-19065 84 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 85 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 85 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 85 3 images image NOUN bracis-19065 85 4 are be AUX bracis-19065 85 5 usually usually ADV bracis-19065 85 6 taken take VERB bracis-19065 85 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 85 8 a a DET bracis-19065 85 9 controlled control VERB bracis-19065 85 10 environment environment NOUN bracis-19065 85 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 85 12 with with ADP bracis-19065 85 13 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-19065 85 14 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 85 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 85 16 a a DET bracis-19065 85 17 standard standard ADJ bracis-19065 85 18 background background NOUN bracis-19065 85 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 86 1 available available ADJ bracis-19065 86 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 86 3 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-19065 86 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 86 5 such such ADJ bracis-19065 86 6 as as ADP bracis-19065 86 7 the the DET bracis-19065 86 8 plantvillage plantvillage NOUN bracis-19065 86 9     SPACE bracis-19065 87 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 87 2 4 4 X bracis-19065 87 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 87 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 87 5 the the DET bracis-19065 87 6 digipathos digipathos PROPN bracis-19065 87 7 dataset dataset VERB bracis-19065 87 8     SPACE bracis-19065 88 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 88 2 7 7 NUM bracis-19065 88 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 88 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 88 5 do do AUX bracis-19065 88 6 not not PART bracis-19065 88 7 include include VERB bracis-19065 88 8 images image NOUN bracis-19065 88 9 with with ADP bracis-19065 88 10 variations variation NOUN bracis-19065 88 11 in in ADP bracis-19065 88 12 lighting lighting NOUN bracis-19065 88 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 88 14 size size NOUN bracis-19065 88 15 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 88 16 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 88 17 framing frame VERB bracis-19065 88 18 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 88 19 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 88 20 does do AUX bracis-19065 88 21 not not PART bracis-19065 88 22 reflect reflect VERB bracis-19065 88 23 actual actual ADJ bracis-19065 88 24 field field NOUN bracis-19065 88 25 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 88 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 89 1 as as ADP bracis-19065 89 2 a a DET bracis-19065 89 3 result result NOUN bracis-19065 89 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 89 5 according accord VERB bracis-19065 89 6 to to ADP bracis-19065 89 7     SPACE bracis-19065 89 8 [ [ X bracis-19065 89 9 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 89 10 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 89 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 89 12 models model NOUN bracis-19065 89 13 trained train VERB bracis-19065 89 14 over over ADP bracis-19065 89 15 such such ADJ bracis-19065 89 16 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-19065 89 17 achieve achieve VERB bracis-19065 89 18 only only ADV bracis-19065 89 19 an an DET bracis-19065 89 20 average average ADJ bracis-19065 89 21 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 89 22 of of ADP bracis-19065 89 23 31 31 NUM bracis-19065 89 24 % % NOUN bracis-19065 89 25 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 89 26 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 89 27 to to ADP bracis-19065 89 28 authentic authentic ADJ bracis-19065 89 29 field field NOUN bracis-19065 89 30 images image NOUN bracis-19065 89 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 90 1 here here ADV bracis-19065 90 2 we we PRON bracis-19065 90 3 use use VERB bracis-19065 90 4 photos photo NOUN bracis-19065 90 5 taken take VERB bracis-19065 90 6 in in ADP bracis-19065 90 7 the the DET bracis-19065 90 8 field field NOUN bracis-19065 90 9 to to PART bracis-19065 90 10 train train VERB bracis-19065 90 11 the the DET bracis-19065 90 12 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 90 13 network network NOUN bracis-19065 90 14 model model NOUN bracis-19065 90 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 91 1 since since SCONJ bracis-19065 91 2 images image NOUN bracis-19065 91 3 taken take VERB bracis-19065 91 4 with with ADP bracis-19065 91 5 a a DET bracis-19065 91 6 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 91 7 phone phone NOUN bracis-19065 91 8 by by ADP bracis-19065 91 9 inexperienced inexperienced ADJ bracis-19065 91 10 users user NOUN bracis-19065 91 11 will will AUX bracis-19065 91 12 exhibit exhibit VERB bracis-19065 91 13 similar similar ADJ bracis-19065 91 14 picture picture NOUN bracis-19065 91 15 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 91 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 91 17 detail detail NOUN bracis-19065 91 18 variations variation NOUN bracis-19065 91 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 91 20 the the DET bracis-19065 91 21 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 91 22 will will AUX bracis-19065 91 23 recognize recognize VERB bracis-19065 91 24 the the DET bracis-19065 91 25 presence presence NOUN bracis-19065 91 26 of of ADP bracis-19065 91 27 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 91 28 symptoms symptom VERB bracis-19065 91 29 more more ADV bracis-19065 91 30 reliably reliably ADV bracis-19065 91 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 92 1 figure figure VERB bracis-19065 92 2     SPACE bracis-19065 92 3 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 92 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 92 5 the the DET bracis-19065 92 6 general general ADJ bracis-19065 92 7 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-19065 92 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 92 9 the the DET bracis-19065 92 10 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 92 11 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 92 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 93 1 the the DET bracis-19065 93 2 system system NOUN bracis-19065 93 3 takes take VERB bracis-19065 93 4 the the DET bracis-19065 93 5 raw raw ADJ bracis-19065 93 6 images image NOUN bracis-19065 93 7 to to PART bracis-19065 93 8 be be AUX bracis-19065 93 9 classified classify VERB bracis-19065 93 10 as as ADP bracis-19065 93 11 input input NOUN bracis-19065 93 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 93 13 consists consist VERB bracis-19065 93 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 93 15 three three NUM bracis-19065 93 16 modules module NOUN bracis-19065 93 17 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 93 18 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 93 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 94 1 2 2 X bracis-19065 94 2 . . X bracis-19065 94 3 tasks task NOUN bracis-19065 94 4 performed perform VERB bracis-19065 94 5 by by ADP bracis-19065 94 6 the the DET bracis-19065 94 7 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 94 8 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 94 9 full full ADJ bracis-19065 94 10 size size NOUN bracis-19065 94 11 image image NOUN bracis-19065 94 12 cropping cropping NOUN bracis-19065 94 13 module module NOUN bracis-19065 94 14 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 94 15 cropping crop VERB bracis-19065 94 16 the the DET bracis-19065 94 17 input input NOUN bracis-19065 94 18 image image NOUN bracis-19065 94 19 centers center VERB bracis-19065 94 20 the the DET bracis-19065 94 21 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 94 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 94 23 eliminates eliminate VERB bracis-19065 94 24 parts part NOUN bracis-19065 94 25 of of ADP bracis-19065 94 26 the the DET bracis-19065 94 27 background background NOUN bracis-19065 94 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 95 1 manually manually ADV bracis-19065 95 2 cropped crop VERB bracis-19065 95 3 images image NOUN bracis-19065 95 4 constitute constitute VERB bracis-19065 95 5 the the DET bracis-19065 95 6 training training NOUN bracis-19065 95 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 95 8 validation validation NOUN bracis-19065 95 9 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 95 10 sets set NOUN bracis-19065 95 11 to to PART bracis-19065 95 12 guarantee guarantee VERB bracis-19065 95 13 a a DET bracis-19065 95 14 certain certain ADJ bracis-19065 95 15 standard standard NOUN bracis-19065 95 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 95 17 improving improve VERB bracis-19065 95 18 the the DET bracis-19065 95 19 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 95 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 95 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 95 22 the the DET bracis-19065 95 23 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 95 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 96 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 96 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 96 3 photos photo NOUN bracis-19065 96 4 submitted submit VERB bracis-19065 96 5 by by ADP bracis-19065 96 6 the the DET bracis-19065 96 7 users user NOUN bracis-19065 96 8 will will AUX bracis-19065 96 9 be be AUX bracis-19065 96 10 cropped crop VERB bracis-19065 96 11 automatically automatically ADV bracis-19065 96 12 once once SCONJ bracis-19065 96 13 the the DET bracis-19065 96 14 app app NOUN bracis-19065 96 15 is be AUX bracis-19065 96 16 more more ADV bracis-19065 96 17 broadly broadly ADV bracis-19065 96 18 disseminated disseminate VERB bracis-19065 96 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 97 1 the the DET bracis-19065 97 2 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-19065 97 3 will will AUX bracis-19065 97 4 use use VERB bracis-19065 97 5 cropping crop VERB bracis-19065 97 6 margins margin NOUN bracis-19065 97 7 based base VERB bracis-19065 97 8 on on ADP bracis-19065 97 9 typical typical ADJ bracis-19065 97 10 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 97 11 taken take VERB bracis-19065 97 12 by by ADP bracis-19065 97 13 the the DET bracis-19065 97 14 app app NOUN bracis-19065 97 15 users user NOUN bracis-19065 97 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 98 1 pre pre ADJ bracis-19065 98 2 - - ADJ bracis-19065 98 3 processing processing ADJ bracis-19065 98 4 module module NOUN bracis-19065 98 5 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 98 6 the the DET bracis-19065 98 7 division division NOUN bracis-19065 98 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 98 9 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 98 10 images image NOUN bracis-19065 98 11 into into ADP bracis-19065 98 12 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 98 13 depends depend VERB bracis-19065 98 14 on on ADP bracis-19065 98 15 the the DET bracis-19065 98 16 frame frame NOUN bracis-19065 98 17 proportions proportion NOUN bracis-19065 98 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 99 1 frames frame NOUN bracis-19065 99 2 with with ADP bracis-19065 99 3 a a DET bracis-19065 99 4 height height NOUN bracis-19065 99 5 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 99 6 to to ADP bracis-19065 99 7 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 99 8 width width NOUN bracis-19065 99 9 ratio ratio NOUN bracis-19065 99 10 below below ADP bracis-19065 99 11 a a DET bracis-19065 99 12 certain certain ADJ bracis-19065 99 13 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 99 14 are be AUX bracis-19065 99 15 separated separate VERB bracis-19065 99 16 into into ADP bracis-19065 99 17 four four NUM bracis-19065 99 18 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 99 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 99 20 otherwise otherwise ADV bracis-19065 99 21 in in ADP bracis-19065 99 22 six six NUM bracis-19065 99 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 100 1 the the DET bracis-19065 100 2 chosen choose VERB bracis-19065 100 3 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 100 4 value value NOUN bracis-19065 100 5 guarantees guarantee VERB bracis-19065 100 6 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 100 7 each each DET bracis-19065 100 8 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 100 9 shows show VERB bracis-19065 100 10 a a DET bracis-19065 100 11 similar similar ADJ bracis-19065 100 12 degree degree NOUN bracis-19065 100 13 of of ADP bracis-19065 100 14 detail detail NOUN bracis-19065 100 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 101 1 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 101 2 increases increase VERB bracis-19065 101 3 the the DET bracis-19065 101 4 size size NOUN bracis-19065 101 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 101 6 the the DET bracis-19065 101 7 training training NOUN bracis-19065 101 8 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 101 9 set set VERB bracis-19065 101 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 101 11 allowing allow VERB bracis-19065 101 12 to to PART bracis-19065 101 13 exclude exclude VERB bracis-19065 101 14 parts part NOUN bracis-19065 101 15 with with ADP bracis-19065 101 16 limited limited ADJ bracis-19065 101 17 information information NOUN bracis-19065 101 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 102 1 also also ADV bracis-19065 102 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 102 3 it it PRON bracis-19065 102 4 gives give VERB bracis-19065 102 5 more more ADJ bracis-19065 102 6 flexibility flexibility NOUN bracis-19065 102 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 102 8 balancing balance VERB bracis-19065 102 9 the the DET bracis-19065 102 10 training training NOUN bracis-19065 102 11 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 102 12 set set VERB bracis-19065 102 13 by by ADP bracis-19065 102 14 selected select VERB bracis-19065 102 15 inclusion inclusion NOUN bracis-19065 102 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 102 17 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 102 18 of of ADP bracis-19065 102 19 varying vary VERB bracis-19065 102 20 exposure exposure NOUN bracis-19065 102 21 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 102 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 102 23 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 102 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 103 1 the the DET bracis-19065 103 2 generated generate VERB bracis-19065 103 3 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 103 4 are be AUX bracis-19065 103 5 resized resize VERB bracis-19065 103 6 using use VERB bracis-19065 103 7 the the DET bracis-19065 103 8 bilinear bilinear ADJ bracis-19065 103 9 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-19065 103 10 technique technique NOUN bracis-19065 103 11     SPACE bracis-19065 104 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 104 2 8 8 NUM bracis-19065 104 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 104 4 to to PART bracis-19065 104 5 match match VERB bracis-19065 104 6 the the DET bracis-19065 104 7 input input NOUN bracis-19065 104 8 shape shape NOUN bracis-19065 104 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 104 10 the the DET bracis-19065 104 11 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 104 12 network network NOUN bracis-19065 104 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 104 14 256 256 NUM bracis-19065 104 15 \(\times \(\time NOUN bracis-19065 104 16 \ \ NOUN bracis-19065 104 17 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 104 18 256 256 NUM bracis-19065 104 19 \(\times \(\time NOUN bracis-19065 104 20 \ \ NOUN bracis-19065 104 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 104 22 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 104 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 104 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 105 1 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 105 2 module module NOUN bracis-19065 105 3 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 105 4 a a DET bracis-19065 105 5 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-19065 105 6 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 105 7 network network NOUN bracis-19065 105 8 classifies classify VERB bracis-19065 105 9 the the DET bracis-19065 105 10 input input NOUN bracis-19065 105 11 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 105 12 as as ADP bracis-19065 105 13 showing show VERB bracis-19065 105 14 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 105 15 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 105 16 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 105 17 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 105 18 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 105 19 no no DET bracis-19065 105 20 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 105 21 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 105 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 106 1 a a DET bracis-19065 106 2 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 106 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 106 4 a a DET bracis-19065 106 5 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 106 6 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 106 7 technique technique NOUN bracis-19065 106 8 widely widely ADV bracis-19065 106 9 used use VERB bracis-19065 106 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 106 11 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-19065 106 12 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-19065 106 13 that that PRON bracis-19065 106 14 employs employ VERB bracis-19065 106 15 a a DET bracis-19065 106 16 single single ADJ bracis-19065 106 17 network network NOUN bracis-19065 106 18 to to PART bracis-19065 106 19 learn learn VERB bracis-19065 106 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 106 21 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 106 22 the the DET bracis-19065 106 23 image image NOUN bracis-19065 106 24 features feature VERB bracis-19065 106 25     SPACE bracis-19065 107 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 107 2 9 9 NUM bracis-19065 107 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 107 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 108 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 108 2 base base VERB bracis-19065 108 3 our our PRON bracis-19065 108 4 model model NOUN bracis-19065 108 5 on on ADP bracis-19065 108 6 the the DET bracis-19065 108 7 resnet50v2 resnet50v2 PROPN bracis-19065 108 8 pre pre ADJ bracis-19065 108 9 - - ADJ bracis-19065 108 10 trained train VERB bracis-19065 108 11 model model NOUN bracis-19065 108 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 109 1 details detail NOUN bracis-19065 109 2 of of ADP bracis-19065 109 3 the the DET bracis-19065 109 4 image image NOUN bracis-19065 109 5 training training NOUN bracis-19065 109 6 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 109 7 will will AUX bracis-19065 109 8 be be AUX bracis-19065 109 9 given give VERB bracis-19065 109 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 109 11 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 109 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 109 13     SPACE bracis-19065 110 1 4 4 X bracis-19065 110 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 111 1 the the DET bracis-19065 111 2 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 111 3 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 111 4 performs perform VERB bracis-19065 111 5 only only ADV bracis-19065 111 6 binary binary ADJ bracis-19065 111 7 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 111 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 111 9 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 111 10 forwards forward VERB bracis-19065 111 11 the the DET bracis-19065 111 12 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 111 13 with with ADP bracis-19065 111 14 the the DET bracis-19065 111 15 most most ADV bracis-19065 111 16 pronounced pronounced ADJ bracis-19065 111 17 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 111 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 111 19 highest high ADJ bracis-19065 111 20 probability probability NOUN bracis-19065 111 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 111 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 111 23 further further ADJ bracis-19065 111 24 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-19065 111 25 to to ADP bracis-19065 111 26 a a DET bracis-19065 111 27 phytopathology phytopathology NOUN bracis-19065 111 28 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 111 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 112 1 selecting select VERB bracis-19065 112 2 the the DET bracis-19065 112 3 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 112 4 that that PRON bracis-19065 112 5 most most ADV bracis-19065 112 6 clearly clearly ADV bracis-19065 112 7 demonstrate demonstrate VERB bracis-19065 112 8 the the DET bracis-19065 112 9 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 112 10 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 112 11 is be AUX bracis-19065 112 12 a a DET bracis-19065 112 13 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-19065 112 14 step step NOUN bracis-19065 112 15 in in ADP bracis-19065 112 16 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 112 17 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 112 18 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 112 19 agent agent NOUN bracis-19065 112 20 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-19065 112 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 112 22 either either CCONJ bracis-19065 112 23 by by ADP bracis-19065 112 24 human human ADJ bracis-19065 112 25 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 112 26 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 112 27 another another DET bracis-19065 112 28 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 112 29 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 112 30 model model NOUN bracis-19065 112 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 113 1 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 113 2 hyperparameter hyperparameter NOUN bracis-19065 113 3 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-19065 113 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 113 5     SPACE bracis-19065 113 6 training training NOUN bracis-19065 113 7 we we PRON bracis-19065 113 8 discuss discuss VERB bracis-19065 113 9 the the DET bracis-19065 113 10 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 113 11 results result NOUN bracis-19065 113 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 113 13 the the DET bracis-19065 113 14 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 113 15 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 113 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 113 17 two two NUM bracis-19065 113 18 parts part NOUN bracis-19065 113 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 114 1 first first ADV bracis-19065 114 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 114 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 114 4 the the DET bracis-19065 114 5 present present ADJ bracis-19065 114 6 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 114 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 114 8     SPACE bracis-19065 114 9 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 114 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 114 11 we we PRON bracis-19065 114 12 will will AUX bracis-19065 114 13 assess assess VERB bracis-19065 114 14 the the DET bracis-19065 114 15 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 114 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 114 17 different different ADJ bracis-19065 114 18 trained train VERB bracis-19065 114 19 models model NOUN bracis-19065 114 20 in in ADP bracis-19065 114 21 the the DET bracis-19065 114 22 search search NOUN bracis-19065 114 23 for for ADP bracis-19065 114 24 a a DET bracis-19065 114 25 balanced balanced ADJ bracis-19065 114 26 training training NOUN bracis-19065 114 27 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 114 28 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 114 29 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-19065 114 30 hyperparameters hyperparameter NOUN bracis-19065 114 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 115 1 then then ADV bracis-19065 115 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 115 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 115 4 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 115 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 115 6     SPACE bracis-19065 115 7 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 115 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 115 9 the the DET bracis-19065 115 10 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 115 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 115 12 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 115 13 from from ADP bracis-19065 115 14 twelve twelve NUM bracis-19065 115 15 selected select VERB bracis-19065 115 16 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 115 17 images image NOUN bracis-19065 115 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 115 19 that that PRON bracis-19065 115 20 were be AUX bracis-19065 115 21 not not PART bracis-19065 115 22 part part NOUN bracis-19065 115 23 of of ADP bracis-19065 115 24 any any DET bracis-19065 115 25 training training NOUN bracis-19065 115 26 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 115 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 115 28 will will AUX bracis-19065 115 29 be be AUX bracis-19065 115 30 discussed discuss VERB bracis-19065 115 31 in in ADP bracis-19065 115 32 detail detail NOUN bracis-19065 115 33 for for ADP bracis-19065 115 34 illustration illustration NOUN bracis-19065 115 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 116 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-19065 116 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 116 3 collection collection NOUN bracis-19065 116 4 currently currently ADV bracis-19065 116 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 116 6 some some DET bracis-19065 116 7 online online ADJ bracis-19065 116 8 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-19065 116 9 are be AUX bracis-19065 116 10 available available ADJ bracis-19065 116 11 for for ADP bracis-19065 116 12 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 116 13 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 116 14 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 116 15 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-19065 116 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 116 17 e.g. e.g. ADV bracis-19065 116 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 116 19 the the DET bracis-19065 116 20 plantvillage plantvillage NOUN bracis-19065 116 21     SPACE bracis-19065 117 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 117 2 4 4 X bracis-19065 117 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 117 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 117 5 the the DET bracis-19065 117 6 digipathos digipathos PROPN bracis-19065 117 7 dataset dataset VERB bracis-19065 117 8     SPACE bracis-19065 118 1 [ [ X bracis-19065 118 2 7 7 NUM bracis-19065 118 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-19065 118 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 119 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 119 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 119 3 their their PRON bracis-19065 119 4 images image NOUN bracis-19065 119 5 are be AUX bracis-19065 119 6 usually usually ADV bracis-19065 119 7 taken take VERB bracis-19065 119 8 in in ADP bracis-19065 119 9 a a DET bracis-19065 119 10 lab lab NOUN bracis-19065 119 11 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 119 12 do do AUX bracis-19065 119 13 not not PART bracis-19065 119 14 present present VERB bracis-19065 119 15 variations variation NOUN bracis-19065 119 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 119 17 lighting lighting NOUN bracis-19065 119 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 119 19 size size NOUN bracis-19065 119 20 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 119 21 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 119 22 framing frame VERB bracis-19065 119 23 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 119 24 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 119 25 not not PART bracis-19065 119 26 reflecting reflect VERB bracis-19065 119 27 the the DET bracis-19065 119 28 field field NOUN bracis-19065 119 29 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 119 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 120 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-19065 120 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 120 3 to to PART bracis-19065 120 4 improve improve VERB bracis-19065 120 5 the the DET bracis-19065 120 6 network network NOUN bracis-19065 120 7 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 120 8 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 120 9 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 120 10 to to ADP bracis-19065 120 11 images image NOUN bracis-19065 120 12 taken take VERB bracis-19065 120 13 in in ADP bracis-19065 120 14 the the DET bracis-19065 120 15 field field NOUN bracis-19065 120 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 120 17 we we PRON bracis-19065 120 18 manually manually ADV bracis-19065 120 19 build build VERB bracis-19065 120 20 the the DET bracis-19065 120 21 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 120 22 used use VERB bracis-19065 120 23 in in ADP bracis-19065 120 24 the the DET bracis-19065 120 25 network network NOUN bracis-19065 120 26 training training NOUN bracis-19065 120 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 121 1 the the DET bracis-19065 121 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 121 3 employed employ VERB bracis-19065 121 4 in in ADP bracis-19065 121 5 this this DET bracis-19065 121 6 study study NOUN bracis-19065 121 7 is be AUX bracis-19065 121 8 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 121 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 121 10 images image NOUN bracis-19065 121 11 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 121 12 by by ADP bracis-19065 121 13 us we PRON bracis-19065 121 14 in in ADP bracis-19065 121 15 the the DET bracis-19065 121 16 region region NOUN bracis-19065 121 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 121 18 the the DET bracis-19065 121 19 siriji siriji NOUN bracis-19065 121 20 valley valley NOUN bracis-19065 121 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 121 22 in in ADP bracis-19065 121 23 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 121 24 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 121 25 countryside countryside NOUN bracis-19065 121 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 122 1 there there PRON bracis-19065 122 2 are be VERB bracis-19065 122 3 several several ADJ bracis-19065 122 4 smallholders smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 122 5 plantations plantation NOUN bracis-19065 122 6 in in ADP bracis-19065 122 7 the the DET bracis-19065 122 8 area area NOUN bracis-19065 122 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 122 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 122 11 we we PRON bracis-19065 122 12 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 122 13 images image NOUN bracis-19065 122 14 from from ADP bracis-19065 122 15 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 122 16 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 122 17 at at ADP bracis-19065 122 18 some some PRON bracis-19065 122 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 122 20 them they PRON bracis-19065 122 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 123 1 among among ADP bracis-19065 123 2 the the DET bracis-19065 123 3 cultivated cultivate VERB bracis-19065 123 4 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 123 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 123 6 the the DET bracis-19065 123 7 most most ADV bracis-19065 123 8 important important ADJ bracis-19065 123 9 ones one NOUN bracis-19065 123 10 for for ADP bracis-19065 123 11 the the DET bracis-19065 123 12 region region NOUN bracis-19065 123 13 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 123 14 economy economy NOUN bracis-19065 123 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 123 16 production production NOUN bracis-19065 123 17 include include VERB bracis-19065 123 18 grape grape NOUN bracis-19065 123 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 123 20 banana banana NOUN bracis-19065 123 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 123 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 123 23 sugar sugar NOUN bracis-19065 123 24 cane cane NOUN bracis-19065 123 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 124 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 124 2 this this DET bracis-19065 124 3 study study NOUN bracis-19065 124 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 124 5 we we PRON bracis-19065 124 6 trained train VERB bracis-19065 124 7 a a DET bracis-19065 124 8 cnn cnn NOUN bracis-19065 124 9 to to PART bracis-19065 124 10 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 124 11 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 124 12 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 124 13 in in ADP bracis-19065 124 14 grape grape NOUN bracis-19065 124 15 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 124 16 images image NOUN bracis-19065 124 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 124 18 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 124 19 the the DET bracis-19065 124 20 extension extension NOUN bracis-19065 124 21 to to ADP bracis-19065 124 22 other other ADJ bracis-19065 124 23 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 124 24 is be AUX bracis-19065 124 25 straightforward straightforward ADJ bracis-19065 124 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 125 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 125 2 took take VERB bracis-19065 125 3 images image NOUN bracis-19065 125 4 from from ADP bracis-19065 125 5 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 125 6 in in ADP bracis-19065 125 7 different different ADJ bracis-19065 125 8 growth growth NOUN bracis-19065 125 9 stages stage NOUN bracis-19065 125 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 125 11 both both CCONJ bracis-19065 125 12 healthy healthy ADJ bracis-19065 125 13 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 125 14 diseased diseased ADJ bracis-19065 125 15 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 125 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 125 17 in in ADP bracis-19065 125 18 different different ADJ bracis-19065 125 19 lighting lighting NOUN bracis-19065 125 20 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 125 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 126 1 then then ADV bracis-19065 126 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 126 3 the the DET bracis-19065 126 4 photos photo NOUN bracis-19065 126 5 were be AUX bracis-19065 126 6 annotated annotate VERB bracis-19065 126 7 by by ADP bracis-19065 126 8 phytopathology phytopathology NOUN bracis-19065 126 9 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 126 10 from from ADP bracis-19065 126 11 clifipe clifipe NOUN bracis-19065 126 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 126 13 identified identify VERB bracis-19065 126 14 as as ADP bracis-19065 126 15 manifesting manifest VERB bracis-19065 126 16 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 126 17 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 126 18 not not PART bracis-19065 126 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 127 1 after after ADP bracis-19065 127 2 the the DET bracis-19065 127 3 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 127 4 annotation annotation NOUN bracis-19065 127 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 127 6 the the DET bracis-19065 127 7 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 127 8 size size NOUN bracis-19065 127 9 was be AUX bracis-19065 127 10 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 127 11 1987 1987 NUM bracis-19065 127 12 images image NOUN bracis-19065 127 13 for for ADP bracis-19065 127 14 the the DET bracis-19065 127 15 class class NOUN bracis-19065 127 16 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 127 17 no no DET bracis-19065 127 18 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 127 19 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 127 20 1302 1302 NUM bracis-19065 127 21 images image NOUN bracis-19065 127 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 127 23 the the DET bracis-19065 127 24 class class NOUN bracis-19065 127 25 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 127 26 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 127 27 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 127 28 the the DET bracis-19065 127 29 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 127 30 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 127 31 were be AUX bracis-19065 127 32 then then ADV bracis-19065 127 33 manually manually ADV bracis-19065 127 34 cropped crop VERB bracis-19065 127 35 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 127 36 segmented segment VERB bracis-19065 127 37 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 127 38 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 127 39 described describe VERB bracis-19065 127 40 in in ADP bracis-19065 127 41 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 127 42 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 127 43     SPACE bracis-19065 127 44 3.2 3.2 NUM bracis-19065 127 45 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 128 1 after after ADP bracis-19065 128 2 this this DET bracis-19065 128 3 step step NOUN bracis-19065 128 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 128 5 they they PRON bracis-19065 128 6 are be AUX bracis-19065 128 7 ready ready ADJ bracis-19065 128 8 to to PART bracis-19065 128 9 be be AUX bracis-19065 128 10 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 128 11 into into ADP bracis-19065 128 12 subsets subset NOUN bracis-19065 128 13 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 128 14 used use VERB bracis-19065 128 15 in in ADP bracis-19065 128 16 the the DET bracis-19065 128 17 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-19065 128 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 129 1 4.2 4.2 NUM bracis-19065 129 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 129 3 division division NOUN bracis-19065 129 4 not not PART bracis-19065 129 5 all all DET bracis-19065 129 6 images image NOUN bracis-19065 129 7 were be AUX bracis-19065 129 8 used use VERB bracis-19065 129 9 for for ADP bracis-19065 129 10 the the DET bracis-19065 129 11 training training NOUN bracis-19065 129 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 129 13 the the DET bracis-19065 129 14 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 129 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 130 1 first first ADV bracis-19065 130 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 130 3 we we PRON bracis-19065 130 4 separated separate VERB bracis-19065 130 5 a a DET bracis-19065 130 6 small small ADJ bracis-19065 130 7 number number NOUN bracis-19065 130 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 130 9 representative representative ADJ bracis-19065 130 10 images image NOUN bracis-19065 130 11 to to PART bracis-19065 130 12 illustrate illustrate VERB bracis-19065 130 13 how how SCONJ bracis-19065 130 14 particular particular ADJ bracis-19065 130 15 image image NOUN bracis-19065 130 16 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-19065 130 17 influence influence VERB bracis-19065 130 18 the the DET bracis-19065 130 19 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 130 20 results result NOUN bracis-19065 130 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 130 22 selected select VERB bracis-19065 130 23 trained train VERB bracis-19065 130 24 models model NOUN bracis-19065 130 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 131 1 to to PART bracis-19065 131 2 ensure ensure VERB bracis-19065 131 3 some some DET bracis-19065 131 4 variability variability NOUN bracis-19065 131 5 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 131 6 balancing balancing NOUN bracis-19065 131 7 between between ADP bracis-19065 131 8 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 131 9 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 131 10 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 131 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 131 12 twelve twelve NUM bracis-19065 131 13 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 131 14 images image NOUN bracis-19065 131 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 131 16 six six NUM bracis-19065 131 17 from from ADP bracis-19065 131 18 the the DET bracis-19065 131 19 class class NOUN bracis-19065 131 20 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 131 21 no no DET bracis-19065 131 22 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 131 23 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 131 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 131 25 six six NUM bracis-19065 131 26 from from ADP bracis-19065 131 27 the the DET bracis-19065 131 28 class class NOUN bracis-19065 131 29 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 131 30 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 131 31 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 131 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 131 33 were be AUX bracis-19065 131 34 selected select VERB bracis-19065 131 35 for for ADP bracis-19065 131 36 this this DET bracis-19065 131 37 final final ADJ bracis-19065 131 38 case case NOUN bracis-19065 131 39 study study NOUN bracis-19065 131 40 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 131 41 exhibiting exhibit VERB bracis-19065 131 42 different different ADJ bracis-19065 131 43 illumination illumination NOUN bracis-19065 131 44 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 131 45 focus focus NOUN bracis-19065 131 46 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 131 47 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 131 48 contrast contrast VERB bracis-19065 131 49 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 131 50 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 132 1 the the DET bracis-19065 132 2 selected select VERB bracis-19065 132 3 images image NOUN bracis-19065 132 4 were be AUX bracis-19065 132 5 not not PART bracis-19065 132 6 used use VERB bracis-19065 132 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 132 8 the the DET bracis-19065 132 9 training training NOUN bracis-19065 132 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 132 11 any any PRON bracis-19065 132 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 132 13 the the DET bracis-19065 132 14 models model NOUN bracis-19065 132 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 132 16 are be AUX bracis-19065 132 17 not not PART bracis-19065 132 18 used use VERB bracis-19065 132 19 to to PART bracis-19065 132 20 extract extract VERB bracis-19065 132 21 statistics statistic NOUN bracis-19065 132 22 results result NOUN bracis-19065 132 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 133 1 the the DET bracis-19065 133 2 final final ADJ bracis-19065 133 3 case case NOUN bracis-19065 133 4 study study NOUN bracis-19065 133 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 133 6 reported report VERB bracis-19065 133 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 133 8 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 133 9 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 133 10     SPACE bracis-19065 133 11 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 133 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 133 13 only only ADV bracis-19065 133 14 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-19065 133 15 possible possible ADJ bracis-19065 133 16 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-19065 133 17 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 133 18 the the DET bracis-19065 133 19 trained train VERB bracis-19065 133 20 models model NOUN bracis-19065 133 21 are be AUX bracis-19065 133 22 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 133 23 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 133 24 emulates emulate VERB bracis-19065 133 25 the the DET bracis-19065 133 26 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-19065 133 27 of of ADP bracis-19065 133 28 a a DET bracis-19065 133 29 usage usage NOUN bracis-19065 133 30 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-19065 133 31 at at ADP bracis-19065 133 32 a a DET bracis-19065 133 33 large large ADJ bracis-19065 133 34 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 133 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 134 1 second second ADJ bracis-19065 134 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 134 3 the the DET bracis-19065 134 4 remaining remain VERB bracis-19065 134 5 images image NOUN bracis-19065 134 6 were be AUX bracis-19065 134 7 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 134 8 into into ADP bracis-19065 134 9 training training NOUN bracis-19065 134 10 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 134 11 testing testing NOUN bracis-19065 134 12 subsets subset NOUN bracis-19065 134 13 in in ADP bracis-19065 134 14 several several ADJ bracis-19065 134 15 different different ADJ bracis-19065 134 16 ways way NOUN bracis-19065 134 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 135 1 this this PRON bracis-19065 135 2 allows allow VERB bracis-19065 135 3 the the DET bracis-19065 135 4 training training NOUN bracis-19065 135 5 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 135 6 verification verification NOUN bracis-19065 135 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 135 8 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 135 9 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 135 10 network network NOUN bracis-19065 135 11 models model NOUN bracis-19065 135 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 136 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 136 2 will will AUX bracis-19065 136 3 use use VERB bracis-19065 136 4 this this DET bracis-19065 136 5 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 136 6 to to PART bracis-19065 136 7 estimate estimate VERB bracis-19065 136 8 the the DET bracis-19065 136 9 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 136 10 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 136 11 variability variability NOUN bracis-19065 136 12 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 136 13 using use VERB bracis-19065 136 14 these these DET bracis-19065 136 15 models model NOUN bracis-19065 136 16 for for ADP bracis-19065 136 17 the the DET bracis-19065 136 18 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 136 19 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 136 20 in in ADP bracis-19065 136 21 a a DET bracis-19065 136 22 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 136 23 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 136 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 137 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-19065 137 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 137 3 insights insight NOUN bracis-19065 137 4 into into ADP bracis-19065 137 5 the the DET bracis-19065 137 6 composition composition NOUN bracis-19065 137 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 137 8 a a DET bracis-19065 137 9 well well ADV bracis-19065 137 10 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 137 11 balanced balanced ADJ bracis-19065 137 12 training training NOUN bracis-19065 137 13 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 137 14 are be AUX bracis-19065 137 15 obtained obtain VERB bracis-19065 137 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 138 1 after after ADP bracis-19065 138 2 cropping crop VERB bracis-19065 138 3 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 138 4 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 138 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 138 6 the the DET bracis-19065 138 7 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 138 8 images image NOUN bracis-19065 138 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 138 10 the the DET bracis-19065 138 11 complete complete ADJ bracis-19065 138 12 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 138 13 contained contain VERB bracis-19065 138 14 5750 5750 NUM bracis-19065 138 15 images image NOUN bracis-19065 138 16 for for ADP bracis-19065 138 17 the the DET bracis-19065 138 18 class class NOUN bracis-19065 138 19 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 138 20 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 138 21 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 138 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 138 23 7676 7676 NUM bracis-19065 138 24 images image NOUN bracis-19065 138 25 for for ADP bracis-19065 138 26 the the DET bracis-19065 138 27 category category NOUN bracis-19065 138 28 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 138 29 no no DET bracis-19065 138 30 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 138 31 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 138 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 139 1 the the DET bracis-19065 139 2 entire entire ADJ bracis-19065 139 3 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 139 4 is be AUX bracis-19065 139 5 then then ADV bracis-19065 139 6 randomly randomly ADV bracis-19065 139 7 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 139 8 into into ADP bracis-19065 139 9 two two NUM bracis-19065 139 10 groups group NOUN bracis-19065 139 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 139 12 one one NUM bracis-19065 139 13 for for ADP bracis-19065 139 14 training training NOUN bracis-19065 139 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 139 16 with with ADP bracis-19065 139 17 75 75 NUM bracis-19065 139 18 % % NOUN bracis-19065 139 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 139 20 the the DET bracis-19065 139 21 total total ADJ bracis-19065 139 22 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 139 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 139 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 139 25 one one NUM bracis-19065 139 26 for for ADP bracis-19065 139 27 testing testing NOUN bracis-19065 139 28 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 139 29 with with ADP bracis-19065 139 30 the the DET bracis-19065 139 31 remaining remain VERB bracis-19065 139 32 25 25 NUM bracis-19065 139 33 % % NOUN bracis-19065 139 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 139 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 140 1 after after ADP bracis-19065 140 2 the the DET bracis-19065 140 3 division division NOUN bracis-19065 140 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 140 5 the the DET bracis-19065 140 6 set set NOUN bracis-19065 140 7 sizes size NOUN bracis-19065 140 8 are be AUX bracis-19065 140 9 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 140 10 train train NOUN bracis-19065 140 11 set set NOUN bracis-19065 140 12 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 140 13 10069 10069 NUM bracis-19065 140 14 images image NOUN bracis-19065 140 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 140 16 4312 4312 NUM bracis-19065 140 17 for for ADP bracis-19065 140 18 the the DET bracis-19065 140 19 class class NOUN bracis-19065 140 20 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 21 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 140 22 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 23 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 140 24 5757 5757 NUM bracis-19065 140 25 for for ADP bracis-19065 140 26 the the DET bracis-19065 140 27 class class NOUN bracis-19065 140 28 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 29 no no DET bracis-19065 140 30 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 140 31 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 140 33 test test NOUN bracis-19065 140 34 set set NOUN bracis-19065 140 35 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 140 36 3357 3357 NUM bracis-19065 140 37 images image NOUN bracis-19065 140 38 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 140 39 1438 1438 NUM bracis-19065 140 40 for for ADP bracis-19065 140 41 the the DET bracis-19065 140 42 class class NOUN bracis-19065 140 43 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 44 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 140 45 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 46 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 140 47 1919 1919 NUM bracis-19065 140 48 for for ADP bracis-19065 140 49 the the DET bracis-19065 140 50 class class NOUN bracis-19065 140 51 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 52 no no DET bracis-19065 140 53 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 140 54 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 140 55 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 140 56 the the DET bracis-19065 140 57 generated generate VERB bracis-19065 140 58 train train NOUN bracis-19065 140 59 subset subset NOUN bracis-19065 140 60 is be AUX bracis-19065 140 61 used use VERB bracis-19065 140 62 for for ADP bracis-19065 140 63 the the DET bracis-19065 140 64 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 140 65 network network NOUN bracis-19065 140 66 model model NOUN bracis-19065 140 67 training training NOUN bracis-19065 140 68 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 141 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 141 2 this this DET bracis-19065 141 3 reason reason NOUN bracis-19065 141 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 141 5 the the DET bracis-19065 141 6 set set NOUN bracis-19065 141 7 must must AUX bracis-19065 141 8 be be AUX bracis-19065 141 9 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 141 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 141 11 a a DET bracis-19065 141 12 sufficient sufficient ADJ bracis-19065 141 13 number number NOUN bracis-19065 141 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 141 15 images image NOUN bracis-19065 141 16 covering cover VERB bracis-19065 141 17 a a DET bracis-19065 141 18 significant significant ADJ bracis-19065 141 19 variety variety NOUN bracis-19065 141 20 of of ADP bracis-19065 141 21 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 141 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 142 1 the the DET bracis-19065 142 2 test test NOUN bracis-19065 142 3 set set NOUN bracis-19065 142 4 is be AUX bracis-19065 142 5 used use VERB bracis-19065 142 6 for for ADP bracis-19065 142 7 the the DET bracis-19065 142 8 trained train VERB bracis-19065 142 9 model model NOUN bracis-19065 142 10 to to PART bracis-19065 142 11 perform perform VERB bracis-19065 142 12 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-19065 142 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 143 1 it it PRON bracis-19065 143 2 allows allow VERB bracis-19065 143 3 estimating estimate VERB bracis-19065 143 4 the the DET bracis-19065 143 5 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 143 6 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 143 7 used use VERB bracis-19065 143 8 as as ADP bracis-19065 143 9 a a DET bracis-19065 143 10 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 143 11 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 143 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 143 13 classifying classify VERB bracis-19065 143 14 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 143 15 taken take VERB bracis-19065 143 16 by by ADP bracis-19065 143 17 the the DET bracis-19065 143 18 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 143 19 app app NOUN bracis-19065 143 20 users user NOUN bracis-19065 143 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 144 1 note note VERB bracis-19065 144 2 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 144 3 the the DET bracis-19065 144 4 random random ADJ bracis-19065 144 5 division division NOUN bracis-19065 144 6 is be AUX bracis-19065 144 7 repeated repeat VERB bracis-19065 144 8 several several ADJ bracis-19065 144 9 times time NOUN bracis-19065 144 10 to to PART bracis-19065 144 11 obtain obtain VERB bracis-19065 144 12 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 144 13 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 144 14 network network NOUN bracis-19065 144 15 models model NOUN bracis-19065 144 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 145 1 4.3 4.3 NUM bracis-19065 145 2 model model NOUN bracis-19065 145 3 training training NOUN bracis-19065 145 4 during during ADP bracis-19065 145 5 the the DET bracis-19065 145 6 training training NOUN bracis-19065 145 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 145 8 the the DET bracis-19065 145 9 model model NOUN bracis-19065 145 10 might might AUX bracis-19065 145 11 face face VERB bracis-19065 145 12 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 145 13 problems problem NOUN bracis-19065 145 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 145 15 varying vary VERB bracis-19065 145 16 severity severity NOUN bracis-19065 145 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 146 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 146 2 extreme extreme ADJ bracis-19065 146 3 situations situation NOUN bracis-19065 146 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 146 5 the the DET bracis-19065 146 6 model model NOUN bracis-19065 146 7 exhibits exhibit VERB bracis-19065 146 8 underor underor NOUN bracis-19065 146 9 overfitting overfitting NOUN bracis-19065 146 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 147 1 if if SCONJ bracis-19065 147 2 the the DET bracis-19065 147 3 model model NOUN bracis-19065 147 4 does do AUX bracis-19065 147 5 not not PART bracis-19065 147 6 learn learn VERB bracis-19065 147 7 to to PART bracis-19065 147 8 generalize generalize VERB bracis-19065 147 9 well well ADV bracis-19065 147 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 147 11 then then ADV bracis-19065 147 12 it it PRON bracis-19065 147 13 becomes become VERB bracis-19065 147 14 underfitted underfitted ADJ bracis-19065 147 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 147 16 will will AUX bracis-19065 147 17 have have VERB bracis-19065 147 18 a a DET bracis-19065 147 19 poor poor ADJ bracis-19065 147 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 147 21 on on ADP bracis-19065 147 22 training training NOUN bracis-19065 147 23 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 147 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 148 1 on on ADP bracis-19065 148 2 the the DET bracis-19065 148 3 other other ADJ bracis-19065 148 4 hand hand NOUN bracis-19065 148 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 148 6 if if SCONJ bracis-19065 148 7 the the DET bracis-19065 148 8 model model NOUN bracis-19065 148 9 retains retain VERB bracis-19065 148 10 the the DET bracis-19065 148 11 training training NOUN bracis-19065 148 12 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 148 13 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-19065 148 14 too too ADV bracis-19065 148 15 well well ADV bracis-19065 148 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 148 17 including include VERB bracis-19065 148 18 all all DET bracis-19065 148 19 specific specific ADJ bracis-19065 148 20 peculiarities peculiarity NOUN bracis-19065 148 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 148 22 it it PRON bracis-19065 148 23 becomes become VERB bracis-19065 148 24 overfitted overfitted ADJ bracis-19065 148 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 149 1 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 149 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 149 3 the the DET bracis-19065 149 4 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 149 5 progress progress NOUN bracis-19065 149 6 must must AUX bracis-19065 149 7 be be AUX bracis-19065 149 8 monitored monitor VERB bracis-19065 149 9 by by ADP bracis-19065 149 10 validating validate VERB bracis-19065 149 11 the the DET bracis-19065 149 12 model model NOUN bracis-19065 149 13 after after ADP bracis-19065 149 14 each each DET bracis-19065 149 15 epoch epoch NOUN bracis-19065 149 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 149 17 each each DET bracis-19065 149 18 training training NOUN bracis-19065 149 19 iteration iteration NOUN bracis-19065 149 20 updating update VERB bracis-19065 149 21 the the DET bracis-19065 149 22 internal internal ADJ bracis-19065 149 23 network network NOUN bracis-19065 149 24 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-19065 149 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 149 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 150 1 to to ADP bracis-19065 150 2 this this DET bracis-19065 150 3 extent extent NOUN bracis-19065 150 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 150 5 a a DET bracis-19065 150 6 certain certain ADJ bracis-19065 150 7 percentage percentage NOUN bracis-19065 150 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 150 9 the the DET bracis-19065 150 10 training training NOUN bracis-19065 150 11 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 150 12 needs need VERB bracis-19065 150 13 to to PART bracis-19065 150 14 be be AUX bracis-19065 150 15 separated separate VERB bracis-19065 150 16 as as ADP bracis-19065 150 17 a a DET bracis-19065 150 18 validation validation NOUN bracis-19065 150 19 set set NOUN bracis-19065 150 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 151 1 the the DET bracis-19065 151 2 model model NOUN bracis-19065 151 3 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 151 4 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 151 5 over over ADP bracis-19065 151 6 this this DET bracis-19065 151 7 subset subset NOUN bracis-19065 151 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 151 9 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-19065 151 10 after after ADP bracis-19065 151 11 each each DET bracis-19065 151 12 epoch epoch NOUN bracis-19065 151 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 151 14 will will AUX bracis-19065 151 15 indicate indicate VERB bracis-19065 151 16 potential potential ADJ bracis-19065 151 17 fitting fitting ADJ bracis-19065 151 18 problems problem NOUN bracis-19065 151 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 152 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 152 2 used use VERB bracis-19065 152 3 20 20 NUM bracis-19065 152 4 % % NOUN bracis-19065 152 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 152 6 the the DET bracis-19065 152 7 training training NOUN bracis-19065 152 8 set set VERB bracis-19065 152 9 for for ADP bracis-19065 152 10 validation validation NOUN bracis-19065 152 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 153 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-19065 153 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 153 3 the the DET bracis-19065 153 4 remaining remain VERB bracis-19065 153 5 80 80 NUM bracis-19065 153 6 % % NOUN bracis-19065 153 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 153 8 the the DET bracis-19065 153 9 images image NOUN bracis-19065 153 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 153 11 used use VERB bracis-19065 153 12 for for ADP bracis-19065 153 13 training training NOUN bracis-19065 153 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 153 15 were be AUX bracis-19065 153 16 carefully carefully ADV bracis-19065 153 17 balanced balance VERB bracis-19065 153 18 according accord VERB bracis-19065 153 19 to to ADP bracis-19065 153 20 the the DET bracis-19065 153 21 number number NOUN bracis-19065 153 22 of of ADP bracis-19065 153 23 images image NOUN bracis-19065 153 24 belonging belong VERB bracis-19065 153 25 to to ADP bracis-19065 153 26 each each DET bracis-19065 153 27 class class NOUN bracis-19065 153 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 154 1 the the DET bracis-19065 154 2 ratio ratio NOUN bracis-19065 154 3 between between ADP bracis-19065 154 4 the the DET bracis-19065 154 5 size size NOUN bracis-19065 154 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 154 7 the the DET bracis-19065 154 8 two two NUM bracis-19065 154 9 categories category NOUN bracis-19065 154 10 determined determine VERB bracis-19065 154 11 the the DET bracis-19065 154 12 required require VERB bracis-19065 154 13 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-19065 154 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 154 15 the the DET bracis-19065 154 16 class class NOUN bracis-19065 154 17 with with ADP bracis-19065 154 18 fewer few ADJ bracis-19065 154 19 images image NOUN bracis-19065 154 20 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 154 21 which which PRON bracis-19065 154 22 is be AUX bracis-19065 154 23 achieved achieve VERB bracis-19065 154 24 by by ADP bracis-19065 154 25 image image NOUN bracis-19065 154 26 rotation rotation NOUN bracis-19065 154 27 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 154 28 flipping flipping NOUN bracis-19065 154 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 155 1 the the DET bracis-19065 155 2 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-19065 155 3 was be AUX bracis-19065 155 4 configured configure VERB bracis-19065 155 5 using use VERB bracis-19065 155 6 a a DET bracis-19065 155 7 sigmoid sigmoid NOUN bracis-19065 155 8 activation activation NOUN bracis-19065 155 9 function function NOUN bracis-19065 155 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 155 11 the the DET bracis-19065 155 12 output output NOUN bracis-19065 155 13 layer layer NOUN bracis-19065 155 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 156 1 during during ADP bracis-19065 156 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 156 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 156 4 binary binary PROPN bracis-19065 156 5 cross cross NOUN bracis-19065 156 6 - - ADJ bracis-19065 156 7 entropy entropy NOUN bracis-19065 156 8 served serve VERB bracis-19065 156 9 as as ADP bracis-19065 156 10 a a DET bracis-19065 156 11 loss loss NOUN bracis-19065 156 12 function function NOUN bracis-19065 156 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 157 1 the the DET bracis-19065 157 2 chosen choose VERB bracis-19065 157 3 optimizer optimizer NOUN bracis-19065 157 4 was be AUX bracis-19065 157 5 adam adam PROPN bracis-19065 157 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 157 7 with with ADP bracis-19065 157 8 a a DET bracis-19065 157 9 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 157 10 rate rate NOUN bracis-19065 157 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 157 12 0.0001 0.0001 NUM bracis-19065 157 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 158 1 the the DET bracis-19065 158 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 158 3 metric metric ADJ bracis-19065 158 4 most most ADV bracis-19065 158 5 closely closely ADV bracis-19065 158 6 observed observe VERB bracis-19065 158 7 during during ADP bracis-19065 158 8 training training NOUN bracis-19065 158 9 should should AUX bracis-19065 158 10 reflect reflect VERB bracis-19065 158 11 the the DET bracis-19065 158 12 desired desire VERB bracis-19065 158 13 outcome outcome NOUN bracis-19065 158 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 159 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 159 2 this this DET bracis-19065 159 3 case case NOUN bracis-19065 159 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 159 5 the the DET bracis-19065 159 6 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 159 7 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 159 8 shall shall AUX bracis-19065 159 9 forward forward ADV bracis-19065 159 10 to to ADP bracis-19065 159 11 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 159 12 image image NOUN bracis-19065 159 13 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 159 14 that that PRON bracis-19065 159 15 possibly possibly ADV bracis-19065 159 16 show show VERB bracis-19065 159 17 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 159 18 for for ADP bracis-19065 159 19 further further ADJ bracis-19065 159 20 inspection inspection NOUN bracis-19065 159 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 160 1 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 160 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 160 3 ideally ideally ADV bracis-19065 160 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 160 5 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 160 6 with with ADP bracis-19065 160 7 no no DET bracis-19065 160 8 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 160 9 will will AUX bracis-19065 160 10 be be AUX bracis-19065 160 11 classified classify VERB bracis-19065 160 12 correctly correctly ADV bracis-19065 160 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 160 14 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 160 15 true true ADJ bracis-19065 160 16 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 160 17 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 160 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 160 19 tn tn PROPN bracis-19065 160 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 160 21 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 160 22 not not PART bracis-19065 160 23 analyzed analyze VERB bracis-19065 160 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 161 1 still still ADV bracis-19065 161 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 161 3 any any DET bracis-19065 161 4 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 161 5 possibly possibly ADV bracis-19065 161 6 showing show VERB bracis-19065 161 7 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 161 8 need need VERB bracis-19065 161 9 to to PART bracis-19065 161 10 be be AUX bracis-19065 161 11 inspected inspect VERB bracis-19065 161 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 161 13 i.e. i.e. X bracis-19065 161 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 161 15 should should AUX bracis-19065 161 16 not not PART bracis-19065 161 17 be be AUX bracis-19065 161 18 classified classify VERB bracis-19065 161 19 erroneously erroneously ADV bracis-19065 161 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 161 21 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 161 22 false false ADJ bracis-19065 161 23 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 161 24 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 161 25 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 161 26 fn fn NOUN bracis-19065 161 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 161 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 162 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-19065 162 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 162 3 during during ADP bracis-19065 162 4 training training NOUN bracis-19065 162 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 162 6 an an DET bracis-19065 162 7 essential essential ADJ bracis-19065 162 8 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 162 9 metric metric NOUN bracis-19065 162 10 is be AUX bracis-19065 162 11 the the DET bracis-19065 162 12 recall recall PROPN bracis-19065 162 13 metric metric NOUN bracis-19065 162 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 162 15 computed compute VERB bracis-19065 162 16 as as ADP bracis-19065 162 17 \(\mathrm \(\mathrm PROPN bracis-19065 162 18 tp/(tp+fn)\ tp/(tp+fn)\ NUM bracis-19065 162 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 162 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 163 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV bracis-19065 163 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 163 3 other other ADJ bracis-19065 163 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 163 5 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 163 6 were be AUX bracis-19065 163 7 also also ADV bracis-19065 163 8 computed compute VERB bracis-19065 163 9 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 163 10 applying apply VERB bracis-19065 163 11 the the DET bracis-19065 163 12 model model NOUN bracis-19065 163 13 to to ADP bracis-19065 163 14 the the DET bracis-19065 163 15 test test NOUN bracis-19065 163 16 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 163 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 163 18 such such ADJ bracis-19065 163 19 as as ADP bracis-19065 163 20 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 163 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 163 22 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 163 23 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 163 24 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-19065 163 25 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 163 26 score score NOUN bracis-19065 163 27 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 163 28 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 163 29 average average ADJ bracis-19065 163 30 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 163 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 164 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 164 2 trained train VERB bracis-19065 164 3 the the DET bracis-19065 164 4 model model NOUN bracis-19065 164 5 using use VERB bracis-19065 164 6 a a DET bracis-19065 164 7 batch batch NOUN bracis-19065 164 8 size size NOUN bracis-19065 164 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 164 10 128 128 NUM bracis-19065 164 11 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 164 12 a a DET bracis-19065 164 13 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-19065 164 14 number number NOUN bracis-19065 164 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 164 16 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-19065 164 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 164 18 100 100 NUM bracis-19065 164 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 165 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 165 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 165 3 an an DET bracis-19065 165 4 early early ADJ bracis-19065 165 5 stopping stopping NOUN bracis-19065 165 6 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-19065 165 7 was be AUX bracis-19065 165 8 employed employ VERB bracis-19065 165 9 to to PART bracis-19065 165 10 avoid avoid VERB bracis-19065 165 11 overfitting overfitte VERB bracis-19065 165 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 165 13 with with ADP bracis-19065 165 14 a a DET bracis-19065 165 15 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 165 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 165 17 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 165 18 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-19065 165 19 with with ADP bracis-19065 165 20 no no DET bracis-19065 165 21 progress progress NOUN bracis-19065 165 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 166 1 the the DET bracis-19065 166 2 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 166 3 module module NOUN bracis-19065 166 4 was be AUX bracis-19065 166 5 implemented implement VERB bracis-19065 166 6 using use VERB bracis-19065 166 7 the the DET bracis-19065 166 8 tensorflow tensorflow NOUN bracis-19065 166 9 framework framework NOUN bracis-19065 166 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 167 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 167 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 168 1 3 3 X bracis-19065 168 2 . . X bracis-19065 168 3 training training NOUN bracis-19065 168 4 results result NOUN bracis-19065 168 5 for for ADP bracis-19065 168 6 a a DET bracis-19065 168 7 well well ADV bracis-19065 168 8 performing perform VERB bracis-19065 168 9 model model NOUN bracis-19065 168 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 169 1 full full ADJ bracis-19065 169 2 size size NOUN bracis-19065 169 3 image image NOUN bracis-19065 169 4 figure figure NOUN bracis-19065 169 5     SPACE bracis-19065 169 6 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 169 7 shows show VERB bracis-19065 169 8 the the DET bracis-19065 169 9 training training NOUN bracis-19065 169 10 progress progress NOUN bracis-19065 169 11 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 169 12 the the DET bracis-19065 169 13 validation validation NOUN bracis-19065 169 14 after after ADP bracis-19065 169 15 each each DET bracis-19065 169 16 epoch epoch NOUN bracis-19065 169 17 for for ADP bracis-19065 169 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 169 19 a a X bracis-19065 169 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 169 21 the the DET bracis-19065 169 22 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 169 23 metric metric NOUN bracis-19065 169 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 169 25 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 169 26 b b X bracis-19065 169 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 169 28 the the DET bracis-19065 169 29 loss loss NOUN bracis-19065 169 30 function function NOUN bracis-19065 169 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 170 1 the the DET bracis-19065 170 2 trained train VERB bracis-19065 170 3 model model NOUN bracis-19065 170 4 achieves achieve VERB bracis-19065 170 5 a a DET bracis-19065 170 6 high high ADJ bracis-19065 170 7 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 170 8 score score NOUN bracis-19065 170 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 170 10 95 95 NUM bracis-19065 170 11 % % NOUN bracis-19065 170 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 171 1 4.4 4.4 NUM bracis-19065 171 2 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 171 3 for for ADP bracis-19065 171 4 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 171 5 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 171 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 171 7 the the DET bracis-19065 171 8 trained train VERB bracis-19065 171 9 model model NOUN bracis-19065 171 10 is be AUX bracis-19065 171 11 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 171 12 to to ADP bracis-19065 171 13 the the DET bracis-19065 171 14 images image NOUN bracis-19065 171 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 171 16 the the DET bracis-19065 171 17 test test NOUN bracis-19065 171 18 set set NOUN bracis-19065 171 19 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 171 20 not not PART bracis-19065 171 21 used use VERB bracis-19065 171 22 in in ADP bracis-19065 171 23 training training NOUN bracis-19065 171 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 171 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 172 1 the the DET bracis-19065 172 2 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 172 3 returns return VERB bracis-19065 172 4 a a DET bracis-19065 172 5 probability probability NOUN bracis-19065 172 6 between between ADP bracis-19065 172 7 0 0 NUM bracis-19065 172 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 172 9 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 172 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 172 11 indicating indicate VERB bracis-19065 172 12 the the DET bracis-19065 172 13 likelihood likelihood NOUN bracis-19065 172 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 172 15 the the DET bracis-19065 172 16 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 172 17 showing show VERB bracis-19065 172 18 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 172 19 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 172 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 173 1 a a DET bracis-19065 173 2 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 173 3 value value NOUN bracis-19065 173 4 of of ADP bracis-19065 173 5 0.5 0.5 NUM bracis-19065 173 6 separates separate VERB bracis-19065 173 7 the the DET bracis-19065 173 8 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 173 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 173 10 i.e. i.e. X bracis-19065 173 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 173 12 a a DET bracis-19065 173 13 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 173 14 below below ADP bracis-19065 173 15 0.5 0.5 NUM bracis-19065 173 16 indicates indicate VERB bracis-19065 173 17 an an DET bracis-19065 173 18 image image NOUN bracis-19065 173 19 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 173 20 with with ADP bracis-19065 173 21 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 173 22 no no DET bracis-19065 173 23 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 173 24 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 173 25 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 173 26 otherwise otherwise ADV bracis-19065 173 27 with with ADP bracis-19065 173 28 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 173 29 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 173 30 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 173 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 174 1 using use VERB bracis-19065 174 2 the the DET bracis-19065 174 3 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-19065 174 4 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-19065 174 5 resulting result VERB bracis-19065 174 6 from from ADP bracis-19065 174 7 the the DET bracis-19065 174 8 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 174 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 10 we we PRON bracis-19065 174 11 calculated calculate VERB bracis-19065 174 12 the the DET bracis-19065 174 13 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 174 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 15 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 174 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 174 17 both both CCONJ bracis-19065 174 18 for for ADP bracis-19065 174 19 the the DET bracis-19065 174 20 positive positive ADJ bracis-19065 174 21 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 174 22 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 174 23 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 174 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 174 25 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 26 recall recall VERB bracis-19065 174 27 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 28 true true ADJ bracis-19065 174 29 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 174 30 rate rate NOUN bracis-19065 174 31 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 32 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-19065 174 33 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 174 34 score score NOUN bracis-19065 174 35 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 174 36 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 174 37 average average ADJ bracis-19065 174 38 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 174 39 for for ADP bracis-19065 174 40 the the DET bracis-19065 174 41 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 174 42 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-19065 174 43 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 175 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 175 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 175 3 the the DET bracis-19065 175 4 metric metric ADJ bracis-19065 175 5 most most ADV bracis-19065 175 6 closely closely ADV bracis-19065 175 7 observed observe VERB bracis-19065 175 8 is be AUX bracis-19065 175 9 the the DET bracis-19065 175 10 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 175 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 176 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 176 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 177 1 4 4 X bracis-19065 177 2 . . X bracis-19065 177 3 flow flow NOUN bracis-19065 177 4 diagram diagram NOUN bracis-19065 177 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 177 6 the the DET bracis-19065 177 7 performed perform VERB bracis-19065 177 8 computational computational ADJ bracis-19065 177 9 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-19065 177 10 full full ADJ bracis-19065 177 11 size size NOUN bracis-19065 177 12 image image NOUN bracis-19065 177 13 4.5 4.5 NUM bracis-19065 177 14 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 177 15 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-19065 177 16 different different ADJ bracis-19065 177 17 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 177 18 division division NOUN bracis-19065 177 19 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-19065 177 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 177 21 hyperparameter hyperparameter NOUN bracis-19065 177 22 value value NOUN bracis-19065 177 23 options option NOUN bracis-19065 177 24 were be AUX bracis-19065 177 25 tested test VERB bracis-19065 177 26 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 177 27 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-19065 177 28 to to PART bracis-19065 177 29 determine determine VERB bracis-19065 177 30 the the DET bracis-19065 177 31 ones one NOUN bracis-19065 177 32 that that PRON bracis-19065 177 33 maximize maximize VERB bracis-19065 177 34 the the DET bracis-19065 177 35 model model NOUN bracis-19065 177 36 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 177 37 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 178 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-19065 178 2     SPACE bracis-19065 178 3 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 178 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 178 5 a a DET bracis-19065 178 6 diagram diagram NOUN bracis-19065 178 7 that that PRON bracis-19065 178 8 summarizes summarize VERB bracis-19065 178 9 the the DET bracis-19065 178 10 experiment experiment NOUN bracis-19065 178 11 flow flow NOUN bracis-19065 178 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 179 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 179 2 implemented implement VERB bracis-19065 179 3 a a DET bracis-19065 179 4 script script NOUN bracis-19065 179 5 to to PART bracis-19065 179 6 repeat repeat VERB bracis-19065 179 7 the the DET bracis-19065 179 8 complete complete ADJ bracis-19065 179 9 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-19065 179 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 179 11 training training NOUN bracis-19065 179 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 179 13 testing testing NOUN bracis-19065 179 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 179 15 a a DET bracis-19065 179 16 certain certain ADJ bracis-19065 179 17 number number NOUN bracis-19065 179 18 of of ADP bracis-19065 179 19 times time NOUN bracis-19065 179 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 179 21 n n CCONJ bracis-19065 179 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 179 23 while while SCONJ bracis-19065 179 24 performing perform VERB bracis-19065 179 25 a a DET bracis-19065 179 26 grid grid NOUN bracis-19065 179 27 search search NOUN bracis-19065 179 28 for for ADP bracis-19065 179 29 high high ADJ bracis-19065 179 30 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 179 31 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 179 32 models model NOUN bracis-19065 179 33 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 180 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 180 2 each each DET bracis-19065 180 3 repetition repetition NOUN bracis-19065 180 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 180 5 the the DET bracis-19065 180 6 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 180 7 is be AUX bracis-19065 180 8 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 180 9 differently differently ADV bracis-19065 180 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 180 11 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-19065 180 12 the the DET bracis-19065 180 13 ratio ratio NOUN bracis-19065 180 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 180 15 75/25 75/25 NUM bracis-19065 180 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 180 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 181 1 then then ADV bracis-19065 181 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 181 3 the the DET bracis-19065 181 4 trained train VERB bracis-19065 181 5 model model NOUN bracis-19065 181 6 is be AUX bracis-19065 181 7 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 181 8 to to ADP bracis-19065 181 9 the the DET bracis-19065 181 10 respective respective ADJ bracis-19065 181 11 test test NOUN bracis-19065 181 12 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 181 13 of of ADP bracis-19065 181 14 the the DET bracis-19065 181 15 repetition repetition NOUN bracis-19065 181 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 181 17 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 181 18 the the DET bracis-19065 181 19 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 181 20 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 181 21 are be AUX bracis-19065 181 22 computed compute VERB bracis-19065 181 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 182 1 after after ADP bracis-19065 182 2 n n ADP bracis-19065 182 3 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 182 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 182 5 the the DET bracis-19065 182 6 mean mean ADJ bracis-19065 182 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 182 8 standard standard ADJ bracis-19065 182 9 deviation deviation NOUN bracis-19065 182 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 182 11 the the DET bracis-19065 182 12 predicted predict VERB bracis-19065 182 13 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 182 14 metric metric ADJ bracis-19065 182 15 from from ADP bracis-19065 182 16 each each DET bracis-19065 182 17 execution execution NOUN bracis-19065 182 18 are be AUX bracis-19065 182 19 calculated calculate VERB bracis-19065 182 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 183 1 although although SCONJ bracis-19065 183 2 not not PART bracis-19065 183 3 representing represent VERB bracis-19065 183 4 a a DET bracis-19065 183 5 systematic systematic ADJ bracis-19065 183 6 cross cross ADJ bracis-19065 183 7 - - ADJ bracis-19065 183 8 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-19065 183 9 validation validation NOUN bracis-19065 183 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 183 11 the the DET bracis-19065 183 12 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 183 13 will will AUX bracis-19065 183 14 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 183 15 flyers flyer NOUN bracis-19065 183 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 183 17 i.e. i.e. X bracis-19065 183 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 183 19 models model NOUN bracis-19065 183 20 that that PRON bracis-19065 183 21 show show VERB bracis-19065 183 22 atypical atypical ADJ bracis-19065 183 23 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 183 24 due due ADP bracis-19065 183 25 to to ADP bracis-19065 183 26 an an DET bracis-19065 183 27 accidentally accidentally ADV bracis-19065 183 28 introduced introduce VERB bracis-19065 183 29 bias bias NOUN bracis-19065 183 30 in in ADP bracis-19065 183 31 the the DET bracis-19065 183 32 randomly randomly ADV bracis-19065 183 33 selected select VERB bracis-19065 183 34 training training NOUN bracis-19065 183 35 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 183 36 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 184 1 the the DET bracis-19065 184 2 script script NOUN bracis-19065 184 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 184 4 saves save VERB bracis-19065 184 5 the the DET bracis-19065 184 6 models model NOUN bracis-19065 184 7 that that PRON bracis-19065 184 8 produce produce VERB bracis-19065 184 9 the the DET bracis-19065 184 10 best good ADJ bracis-19065 184 11 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 184 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 184 13 the the DET bracis-19065 184 14 worst bad ADJ bracis-19065 184 15 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 184 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 184 17 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 184 18 the the DET bracis-19065 184 19 closest close ADJ bracis-19065 184 20 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 184 21 to to ADP bracis-19065 184 22 the the DET bracis-19065 184 23 mean mean NOUN bracis-19065 184 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 185 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 185 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 185 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 185 4 other other ADJ bracis-19065 185 5 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 185 6 measures measure NOUN bracis-19065 185 7 are be AUX bracis-19065 185 8 also also ADV bracis-19065 185 9 observed observe VERB bracis-19065 185 10 to to PART bracis-19065 185 11 guarantee guarantee VERB bracis-19065 185 12 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 185 13 the the DET bracis-19065 185 14 model model NOUN bracis-19065 185 15 is be AUX bracis-19065 185 16 behaving behave VERB bracis-19065 185 17 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 185 18 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 185 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 186 1 applying apply VERB bracis-19065 186 2 these these DET bracis-19065 186 3 models model NOUN bracis-19065 186 4 to to ADP bracis-19065 186 5 the the DET bracis-19065 186 6 case case NOUN bracis-19065 186 7 study study NOUN bracis-19065 186 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 186 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 186 10 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 186 11 equally equally ADV bracis-19065 186 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 186 13 healthy healthy ADJ bracis-19065 186 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 186 15 diseased diseased ADJ bracis-19065 186 16 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 186 17 images image NOUN bracis-19065 186 18 with with ADP bracis-19065 186 19 different different ADJ bracis-19065 186 20 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 186 21 levels level NOUN bracis-19065 186 22 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 186 23 gives give VERB bracis-19065 186 24 further further ADJ bracis-19065 186 25 insights insight NOUN bracis-19065 186 26 into into ADP bracis-19065 186 27 the the DET bracis-19065 186 28 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-19065 186 29 for for ADP bracis-19065 186 30 finding find VERB bracis-19065 186 31 a a DET bracis-19065 186 32 well well ADV bracis-19065 186 33 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 186 34 performing perform VERB bracis-19065 186 35 model model NOUN bracis-19065 186 36 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 187 1 due due ADP bracis-19065 187 2 to to ADP bracis-19065 187 3 image image NOUN bracis-19065 187 4 variability variability NOUN bracis-19065 187 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 187 6 a a DET bracis-19065 187 7 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-19065 187 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 187 9 for for ADP bracis-19065 187 10 training training NOUN bracis-19065 187 11 should should AUX bracis-19065 187 12 not not PART bracis-19065 187 13 only only ADV bracis-19065 187 14 balance balance NOUN bracis-19065 187 15 between between ADP bracis-19065 187 16 images image NOUN bracis-19065 187 17 showing show VERB bracis-19065 187 18 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 187 19 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 187 20 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 187 21 not not PART bracis-19065 187 22 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 187 23 should should AUX bracis-19065 187 24 also also ADV bracis-19065 187 25 balance balance VERB bracis-19065 187 26 between between ADP bracis-19065 187 27 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 187 28 of of ADP bracis-19065 187 29 good good ADJ bracis-19065 187 30 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 187 31 low low ADJ bracis-19065 187 32 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 187 33 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 188 1 the the DET bracis-19065 188 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 188 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 188 4 n n DET bracis-19065 188 5 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 188 6 models model NOUN bracis-19065 188 7 helps help VERB bracis-19065 188 8 to to PART bracis-19065 188 9 understand understand VERB bracis-19065 188 10 both both CCONJ bracis-19065 188 11 the the DET bracis-19065 188 12 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 188 13 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 188 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 188 15 capability capability NOUN bracis-19065 188 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 188 17 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 188 18 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-19065 188 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 188 20 the the DET bracis-19065 188 21 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 188 22 network network NOUN bracis-19065 188 23 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 188 24 as as ADV bracis-19065 188 25 well well ADV bracis-19065 188 26 as as ADP bracis-19065 188 27 the the DET bracis-19065 188 28 impact impact NOUN bracis-19065 188 29 of of ADP bracis-19065 188 30 the the DET bracis-19065 188 31 training training NOUN bracis-19065 188 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 189 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 189 2     SPACE bracis-19065 189 3 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 189 4 summarizes summarize NOUN bracis-19065 189 5 the the DET bracis-19065 189 6 findings finding NOUN bracis-19065 189 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 189 8 the the DET bracis-19065 189 9 first first ADJ bracis-19065 189 10 group group NOUN bracis-19065 189 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 189 12 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 189 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 190 1 a a DET bracis-19065 190 2 minimum minimum ADJ bracis-19065 190 3 number number NOUN bracis-19065 190 4 of of ADP bracis-19065 190 5 repetitions repetition NOUN bracis-19065 190 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 190 7 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 190 8 splits split NOUN bracis-19065 190 9 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 190 10 model model NOUN bracis-19065 190 11 training training NOUN bracis-19065 190 12 is be AUX bracis-19065 190 13 required require VERB bracis-19065 190 14 to to PART bracis-19065 190 15 reliably reliably ADV bracis-19065 190 16 explore explore VERB bracis-19065 190 17 the the DET bracis-19065 190 18 complete complete ADJ bracis-19065 190 19 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 190 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 191 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 191 2 found find VERB bracis-19065 191 3 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 191 4 \(n=50\ \(n=50\ PROPN bracis-19065 191 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 191 6 is be AUX bracis-19065 191 7 sufficient sufficient ADJ bracis-19065 191 8 for for ADP bracis-19065 191 9 the the DET bracis-19065 191 10 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 191 11 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 191 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 192 1 the the DET bracis-19065 192 2 mean mean ADJ bracis-19065 192 3 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 192 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 192 5 standard standard ADJ bracis-19065 192 6 deviation deviation NOUN bracis-19065 192 7 do do AUX bracis-19065 192 8 not not PART bracis-19065 192 9 change change VERB bracis-19065 192 10 significantly significantly ADV bracis-19065 192 11 for for ADP bracis-19065 192 12 larger large ADJ bracis-19065 192 13 n n NOUN bracis-19065 192 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 192 15 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 192 16 the the DET bracis-19065 192 17 computation computation NOUN bracis-19065 192 18 time time NOUN bracis-19065 192 19 increases increase VERB bracis-19065 192 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 193 1 another another DET bracis-19065 193 2 interesting interesting ADJ bracis-19065 193 3 finding finding NOUN bracis-19065 193 4 concerns concern VERB bracis-19065 193 5 the the DET bracis-19065 193 6 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 193 7 division division NOUN bracis-19065 193 8 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-19065 193 9 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 194 1 the the DET bracis-19065 194 2 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 194 3 can can AUX bracis-19065 194 4 be be AUX bracis-19065 194 5 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 194 6 into into ADP bracis-19065 194 7 train train NOUN bracis-19065 194 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 194 9 test test NOUN bracis-19065 194 10 sets set NOUN bracis-19065 194 11 before before ADP bracis-19065 194 12 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 194 13 after after ADP bracis-19065 194 14 separating separate VERB bracis-19065 194 15 the the DET bracis-19065 194 16 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 194 17 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-19065 194 18 pictures picture NOUN bracis-19065 194 19 into into ADP bracis-19065 194 20 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 194 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 195 1 the the DET bracis-19065 195 2 former former ADJ bracis-19065 195 3 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 195 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 195 5 before before ADP bracis-19065 195 6 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 195 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 195 8 defined define VERB bracis-19065 195 9 in in ADP bracis-19065 195 10 the the DET bracis-19065 195 11 table table NOUN bracis-19065 195 12 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 195 13 the the DET bracis-19065 195 14 split split ADJ bracis-19065 195 15 category category NOUN bracis-19065 195 16 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 195 17 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 195 18 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 195 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 195 20 ensures ensure VERB bracis-19065 195 21 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 195 22 all all DET bracis-19065 195 23 the the DET bracis-19065 195 24 parts part NOUN bracis-19065 195 25 from from ADP bracis-19065 195 26 a a DET bracis-19065 195 27 given give VERB bracis-19065 195 28 picture picture NOUN bracis-19065 195 29 end end VERB bracis-19065 195 30 up up ADP bracis-19065 195 31 in in ADP bracis-19065 195 32 the the DET bracis-19065 195 33 same same ADJ bracis-19065 195 34 group group NOUN bracis-19065 195 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 196 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 196 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 196 3 constructing construct VERB bracis-19065 196 4 the the DET bracis-19065 196 5 training training NOUN bracis-19065 196 6 set set VERB bracis-19065 196 7 on on ADP bracis-19065 196 8 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 196 9 level level NOUN bracis-19065 196 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 196 11 splitting splitting NOUN bracis-19065 196 12 after after ADP bracis-19065 196 13 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-19065 196 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 196 15 defined define VERB bracis-19065 196 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 196 17 the the DET bracis-19065 196 18 table table NOUN bracis-19065 196 19 as as ADP bracis-19065 196 20 the the DET bracis-19065 196 21 split split ADJ bracis-19065 196 22 category category NOUN bracis-19065 196 23 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 196 24 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 196 25 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 196 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 196 27 increases increase VERB bracis-19065 196 28 flexibility flexibility NOUN bracis-19065 196 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 197 1 this this PRON bracis-19065 197 2 leads lead VERB bracis-19065 197 3 to to ADP bracis-19065 197 4 a a DET bracis-19065 197 5 smaller small ADJ bracis-19065 197 6 standard standard ADJ bracis-19065 197 7 deviation deviation NOUN bracis-19065 197 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 197 9 reduced reduced ADJ bracis-19065 197 10 gap gap NOUN bracis-19065 197 11 between between ADP bracis-19065 197 12 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-19065 197 13 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 197 14 minimum minimum NOUN bracis-19065 197 15 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 197 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 198 1 finally finally ADV bracis-19065 198 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 198 3 the the DET bracis-19065 198 4 first first ADJ bracis-19065 198 5 group group NOUN bracis-19065 198 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 198 7 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 198 8 also also ADV bracis-19065 198 9 included include VERB bracis-19065 198 10 an an DET bracis-19065 198 11 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 198 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 198 13 the the DET bracis-19065 198 14 desirable desirable ADJ bracis-19065 198 15 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 198 16 size size NOUN bracis-19065 198 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 199 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 199 2 tested test VERB bracis-19065 199 3 the the DET bracis-19065 199 4 use use NOUN bracis-19065 199 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 199 6 the the DET bracis-19065 199 7 complete complete ADJ bracis-19065 199 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 199 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 199 10 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 199 11 opposed oppose VERB bracis-19065 199 12 to to ADP bracis-19065 199 13 the the DET bracis-19065 199 14 use use NOUN bracis-19065 199 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 199 16 a a DET bracis-19065 199 17 partial partial ADJ bracis-19065 199 18 one one NOUN bracis-19065 199 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 200 1 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 200 2 shown show VERB bracis-19065 200 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 200 4 tab tab NOUN bracis-19065 200 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 200 6     SPACE bracis-19065 200 7 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 200 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 201 1 a a DET bracis-19065 201 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 201 3 set set NOUN bracis-19065 201 4 that that PRON bracis-19065 201 5 is be AUX bracis-19065 201 6 too too ADV bracis-19065 201 7 small small ADJ bracis-19065 201 8 leads lead NOUN bracis-19065 201 9 to to ADP bracis-19065 201 10 a a DET bracis-19065 201 11 reduced reduce VERB bracis-19065 201 12 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 202 1 mean mean VERB bracis-19065 202 2 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 202 3 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-19065 202 4 value value NOUN bracis-19065 202 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 202 6 independently independently ADV bracis-19065 202 7 of of ADP bracis-19065 202 8 the the DET bracis-19065 202 9 division division NOUN bracis-19065 202 10 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-19065 202 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 203 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 203 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 203 3 the the DET bracis-19065 203 4 14076 14076 NUM bracis-19065 203 5 images image NOUN bracis-19065 203 6 collected collect VERB bracis-19065 203 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 203 8 a a DET bracis-19065 203 9 dedicated dedicated ADJ bracis-19065 203 10 field field NOUN bracis-19065 203 11 expedition expedition NOUN bracis-19065 203 12 are be AUX bracis-19065 203 13 sufficient sufficient ADJ bracis-19065 203 14 to to PART bracis-19065 203 15 train train VERB bracis-19065 203 16 models model NOUN bracis-19065 203 17 with with ADP bracis-19065 203 18 good good ADJ bracis-19065 203 19 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 203 20 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 203 21 high high ADJ bracis-19065 203 22 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 203 23 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 203 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 204 1 the the DET bracis-19065 204 2 table table NOUN bracis-19065 204 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 204 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 204 5 the the DET bracis-19065 204 6 mean mean ADJ bracis-19065 204 7 values value NOUN bracis-19065 204 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 204 9 the the DET bracis-19065 204 10 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 204 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 204 12 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 204 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 204 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 204 15 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-19065 204 16 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 204 17 score score NOUN bracis-19065 204 18 measured measure VERB bracis-19065 204 19 in in ADP bracis-19065 204 20 the the DET bracis-19065 204 21 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-19065 204 22 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 205 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 205 2 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 205 3 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 205 4 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-19065 205 5 results result NOUN bracis-19065 205 6 group group NOUN bracis-19065 205 7 1full 1full NUM bracis-19065 205 8 size size NOUN bracis-19065 205 9 table table NOUN bracis-19065 205 10 table table NOUN bracis-19065 205 11     SPACE bracis-19065 205 12 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 205 13 summarizes summarize NOUN bracis-19065 205 14 the the DET bracis-19065 205 15 findings finding NOUN bracis-19065 205 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 205 17 the the DET bracis-19065 205 18 second second ADJ bracis-19065 205 19 group group NOUN bracis-19065 205 20 of of ADP bracis-19065 205 21 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 205 22 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 205 23 related relate VERB bracis-19065 205 24 to to ADP bracis-19065 205 25 the the DET bracis-19065 205 26 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-19065 205 27 of of ADP bracis-19065 205 28 the the DET bracis-19065 205 29 training training NOUN bracis-19065 205 30 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-19065 205 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 206 1 inside inside ADP bracis-19065 206 2 the the DET bracis-19065 206 3 second second ADJ bracis-19065 206 4 group group NOUN bracis-19065 206 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 206 6 some some DET bracis-19065 206 7 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-19065 206 8 were be AUX bracis-19065 206 9 conducted conduct VERB bracis-19065 206 10 to to PART bracis-19065 206 11 determine determine VERB bracis-19065 206 12 the the DET bracis-19065 206 13 best good ADJ bracis-19065 206 14 weight weight NOUN bracis-19065 206 15 to to PART bracis-19065 206 16 be be AUX bracis-19065 206 17 attributed attribute VERB bracis-19065 206 18 to to ADP bracis-19065 206 19 each each PRON bracis-19065 206 20 of of ADP bracis-19065 206 21 the the DET bracis-19065 206 22 two two NUM bracis-19065 206 23 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 206 24 during during ADP bracis-19065 206 25 training training NOUN bracis-19065 206 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 207 1 choosing choose VERB bracis-19065 207 2 different different ADJ bracis-19065 207 3 weights weight NOUN bracis-19065 207 4 for for ADP bracis-19065 207 5 the the DET bracis-19065 207 6 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 207 7 allows allow VERB bracis-19065 207 8 to to PART bracis-19065 207 9 balance balance VERB bracis-19065 207 10 them they PRON bracis-19065 207 11 without without ADP bracis-19065 207 12 resampling resample VERB bracis-19065 207 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 208 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 208 2 other other ADJ bracis-19065 208 3 words word NOUN bracis-19065 208 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 208 5 weights weight NOUN bracis-19065 208 6 can can AUX bracis-19065 208 7 tell tell VERB bracis-19065 208 8 the the DET bracis-19065 208 9 model model NOUN bracis-19065 208 10 to to PART bracis-19065 208 11 pay pay VERB bracis-19065 208 12 more more ADJ bracis-19065 208 13 attention attention NOUN bracis-19065 208 14 to to ADP bracis-19065 208 15 the the DET bracis-19065 208 16 instances instance NOUN bracis-19065 208 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 208 18 a a DET bracis-19065 208 19 particular particular ADJ bracis-19065 208 20 category category NOUN bracis-19065 208 21 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 209 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 209 2     SPACE bracis-19065 209 3 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 209 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 209 5 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 209 6 attributing attribute VERB bracis-19065 209 7 weight weight NOUN bracis-19065 209 8 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 9 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 209 10 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 11 to to ADP bracis-19065 209 12 class class NOUN bracis-19065 209 13 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 14 0 0 NUM bracis-19065 209 15 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 209 17 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 18 no no DET bracis-19065 209 19 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 209 20 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 209 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 209 23 weight weight NOUN bracis-19065 209 24 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 25 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 209 26 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 27 to to ADP bracis-19065 209 28 class class NOUN bracis-19065 209 29 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 30 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 209 31 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 209 33 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 34 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 209 35 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 209 36 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 209 37 gives give VERB bracis-19065 209 38 a a DET bracis-19065 209 39 higher high ADJ bracis-19065 209 40 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 209 41 mean mean VERB bracis-19065 209 42 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 210 1 this this DET bracis-19065 210 2 result result NOUN bracis-19065 210 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 210 4 plausible plausible ADJ bracis-19065 210 5 because because SCONJ bracis-19065 210 6 the the DET bracis-19065 210 7 importance importance NOUN bracis-19065 210 8 to to ADP bracis-19065 210 9 the the DET bracis-19065 210 10 class class NOUN bracis-19065 210 11 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 210 12 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 210 13 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 210 14 is be AUX bracis-19065 210 15 increased increase VERB bracis-19065 210 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 210 17 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 210 18 we we PRON bracis-19065 210 19 are be AUX bracis-19065 210 20 mainly mainly ADV bracis-19065 210 21 trying try VERB bracis-19065 210 22 to to PART bracis-19065 210 23 avoid avoid VERB bracis-19065 210 24 false false ADJ bracis-19065 210 25 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 210 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 211 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 211 2 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 211 3 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 211 4 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-19065 211 5 results result VERB bracis-19065 211 6 group group NOUN bracis-19065 211 7 2full 2full NUM bracis-19065 211 8 size size NOUN bracis-19065 211 9 table table NOUN bracis-19065 211 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 211 11 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 211 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 211 13 the the DET bracis-19065 211 14 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 211 15 metric metric NOUN bracis-19065 211 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 211 17 the the DET bracis-19065 211 18 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 211 19 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 211 20 were be AUX bracis-19065 211 21 also also ADV bracis-19065 211 22 analyzed analyze VERB bracis-19065 211 23 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 211 24 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 211 25 are be AUX bracis-19065 211 26 not not PART bracis-19065 211 27 shown show VERB bracis-19065 211 28 in in ADP bracis-19065 211 29 the the DET bracis-19065 211 30 table table NOUN bracis-19065 211 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 212 1 some some DET bracis-19065 212 2 models model NOUN bracis-19065 212 3 were be AUX bracis-19065 212 4 trained train VERB bracis-19065 212 5 using use VERB bracis-19065 212 6 the the DET bracis-19065 212 7 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 212 8 metric metric ADJ bracis-19065 212 9 instead instead ADV bracis-19065 212 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 212 11 the the DET bracis-19065 212 12 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 212 13 metric metric PROPN bracis-19065 212 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 213 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 213 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 213 3 they they PRON bracis-19065 213 4 produced produce VERB bracis-19065 213 5 too too ADV bracis-19065 213 6 many many ADJ bracis-19065 213 7 false false ADJ bracis-19065 213 8 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 213 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 213 10 which which PRON bracis-19065 213 11 is be AUX bracis-19065 213 12 not not PART bracis-19065 213 13 desirable desirable ADJ bracis-19065 213 14 since since SCONJ bracis-19065 213 15 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 213 16 classified classify VERB bracis-19065 213 17 as as ADP bracis-19065 213 18 showing show VERB bracis-19065 213 19 no no DET bracis-19065 213 20 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 213 21 will will AUX bracis-19065 213 22 not not PART bracis-19065 213 23 be be AUX bracis-19065 213 24 called call VERB bracis-19065 213 25 for for ADP bracis-19065 213 26 further further ADJ bracis-19065 213 27 inspection inspection NOUN bracis-19065 213 28 by by ADP bracis-19065 213 29 a a DET bracis-19065 213 30 human human ADJ bracis-19065 213 31 expert expert NOUN bracis-19065 213 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 214 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 214 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 214 3 tested test VERB bracis-19065 214 4 different different ADJ bracis-19065 214 5 threshold threshold NOUN bracis-19065 214 6 values value NOUN bracis-19065 214 7 for for ADP bracis-19065 214 8 the the DET bracis-19065 214 9 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 214 10 but but CCONJ bracis-19065 214 11 found find VERB bracis-19065 214 12 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 214 13 the the DET bracis-19065 214 14 standard standard ADJ bracis-19065 214 15 choice choice NOUN bracis-19065 214 16 of of ADP bracis-19065 214 17 0.5 0.5 NUM bracis-19065 214 18 gives give VERB bracis-19065 214 19 the the DET bracis-19065 214 20 most most ADV bracis-19065 214 21 reliable reliable ADJ bracis-19065 214 22 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 214 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 215 1 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 215 2 mentioned mention VERB bracis-19065 215 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 215 4 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 215 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 215 6     SPACE bracis-19065 216 1 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 216 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 216 3 the the DET bracis-19065 216 4 purpose purpose NOUN bracis-19065 216 5 of of ADP bracis-19065 216 6 the the DET bracis-19065 216 7 present present ADJ bracis-19065 216 8 work work NOUN bracis-19065 216 9 is be AUX bracis-19065 216 10 to to PART bracis-19065 216 11 detect detect VERB bracis-19065 216 12 the the DET bracis-19065 216 13 presence presence NOUN bracis-19065 216 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 216 15 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 216 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 216 17 the the DET bracis-19065 216 18 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 216 19 image image NOUN bracis-19065 216 20 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 216 21 which which PRON bracis-19065 216 22 constitutes constitute VERB bracis-19065 216 23 a a DET bracis-19065 216 24 different different ADJ bracis-19065 216 25 application application NOUN bracis-19065 216 26 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-19065 216 27 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 216 28 discussed discuss VERB bracis-19065 216 29 in in ADP bracis-19065 216 30 the the DET bracis-19065 216 31 state state NOUN bracis-19065 216 32 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 216 33 of of ADP bracis-19065 216 34 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 216 35 the the DET bracis-19065 216 36 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 216 37 art art NOUN bracis-19065 216 38 literature literature NOUN bracis-19065 216 39 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 217 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-19065 217 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 217 3 the the DET bracis-19065 217 4 implemented implement VERB bracis-19065 217 5 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 217 6 network network NOUN bracis-19065 217 7 model model NOUN bracis-19065 217 8 was be AUX bracis-19065 217 9 specifically specifically ADV bracis-19065 217 10 developed develop VERB bracis-19065 217 11 for for ADP bracis-19065 217 12 the the DET bracis-19065 217 13 present present ADJ bracis-19065 217 14 application application NOUN bracis-19065 217 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 218 1 consequently consequently ADV bracis-19065 218 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 218 3 we we PRON bracis-19065 218 4 can can AUX bracis-19065 218 5 not not PART bracis-19065 218 6 compare compare VERB bracis-19065 218 7 our our PRON bracis-19065 218 8 model model NOUN bracis-19065 218 9 to to ADP bracis-19065 218 10 a a DET bracis-19065 218 11 reference reference NOUN bracis-19065 218 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 219 1 promising promise VERB bracis-19065 219 2 models model NOUN bracis-19065 219 3 trained train VERB bracis-19065 219 4 in in ADP bracis-19065 219 5 the the DET bracis-19065 219 6 various various ADJ bracis-19065 219 7 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 219 8 were be AUX bracis-19065 219 9 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 219 10 to to ADP bracis-19065 219 11 the the DET bracis-19065 219 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 219 13 previously previously ADV bracis-19065 219 14 separated separate VERB bracis-19065 219 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 219 16 case case NOUN bracis-19065 219 17 study study NOUN bracis-19065 219 18 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 219 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 219 20 giving give VERB bracis-19065 219 21 further further ADJ bracis-19065 219 22 insights insight NOUN bracis-19065 219 23 into into ADP bracis-19065 219 24 the the DET bracis-19065 219 25 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 219 26 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 219 27 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 219 28 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 219 29 analyzing analyze VERB bracis-19065 219 30 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 219 31 images image NOUN bracis-19065 219 32 of of ADP bracis-19065 219 33 varying vary VERB bracis-19065 219 34 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 219 35 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 220 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 220 2 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 220 3 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 220 4 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 220 5 results result NOUN bracis-19065 220 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 220 7 two two NUM bracis-19065 220 8 selected select VERB bracis-19065 220 9 modelsfull modelsfull NOUN bracis-19065 220 10 size size NOUN bracis-19065 220 11 table table NOUN bracis-19065 220 12 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 220 13 case case NOUN bracis-19065 220 14 study study NOUN bracis-19065 220 15 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 220 16     SPACE bracis-19065 220 17 discussion discussion NOUN bracis-19065 220 18 twelve twelve NUM bracis-19065 220 19 models model NOUN bracis-19065 220 20 were be AUX bracis-19065 220 21 chosen choose VERB bracis-19065 220 22 for for ADP bracis-19065 220 23 the the DET bracis-19065 220 24 final final ADJ bracis-19065 220 25 inference inference NOUN bracis-19065 220 26 study study NOUN bracis-19065 220 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 221 1 these these DET bracis-19065 221 2 models model NOUN bracis-19065 221 3 gave give VERB bracis-19065 221 4 the the DET bracis-19065 221 5 best good ADJ bracis-19065 221 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 221 7 worst bad ADJ bracis-19065 221 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 221 9 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 221 10 mean mean VERB bracis-19065 221 11 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 221 12 in in ADP bracis-19065 221 13 the the DET bracis-19065 221 14 assessments assessment NOUN bracis-19065 221 15 presented present VERB bracis-19065 221 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 221 17 the the DET bracis-19065 221 18 four four NUM bracis-19065 221 19 last last ADJ bracis-19065 221 20 lines line NOUN bracis-19065 221 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 221 22 table table NOUN bracis-19065 221 23     SPACE bracis-19065 221 24 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 221 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 221 26 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 221 27 stated state VERB bracis-19065 221 28 in in ADP bracis-19065 221 29 sect sect NOUN bracis-19065 221 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 221 31     SPACE bracis-19065 221 32 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 221 33 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 221 34 the the DET bracis-19065 221 35 case case NOUN bracis-19065 221 36 study study NOUN bracis-19065 221 37 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 221 38 is be AUX bracis-19065 221 39 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 221 40 of of ADP bracis-19065 221 41 images image NOUN bracis-19065 221 42 from from ADP bracis-19065 221 43 both both DET bracis-19065 221 44 classes class NOUN bracis-19065 221 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 221 46 showing show VERB bracis-19065 221 47 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 221 48 not not PART bracis-19065 221 49 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 221 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 221 51 for for ADP bracis-19065 221 52 various various ADJ bracis-19065 221 53 light light NOUN bracis-19065 221 54 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 221 55 focus focus VERB bracis-19065 221 56 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 221 57 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 221 58 background background NOUN bracis-19065 221 59 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 221 60 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 221 61 different different ADJ bracis-19065 221 62 severity severity NOUN bracis-19065 221 63 levels level NOUN bracis-19065 221 64 of of ADP bracis-19065 221 65 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 221 66 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 222 1 the the DET bracis-19065 222 2 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-19065 222 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 222 4 the the DET bracis-19065 222 5 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-19065 222 6 revealed reveal VERB bracis-19065 222 7 some some DET bracis-19065 222 8 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-19065 222 9 present present ADJ bracis-19065 222 10 in in ADP bracis-19065 222 11 the the DET bracis-19065 222 12 inference inference NOUN bracis-19065 222 13 images image NOUN bracis-19065 222 14 that that PRON bracis-19065 222 15 influence influence VERB bracis-19065 222 16 the the DET bracis-19065 222 17 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 222 18 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-19065 222 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 223 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 223 2 example example NOUN bracis-19065 223 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 223 4 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 223 5 the the DET bracis-19065 223 6 area area NOUN bracis-19065 223 7 occupied occupy VERB bracis-19065 223 8 by by ADP bracis-19065 223 9 the the DET bracis-19065 223 10 background background NOUN bracis-19065 223 11 is be AUX bracis-19065 223 12 small small ADJ bracis-19065 223 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 223 14 it it PRON bracis-19065 223 15 is be AUX bracis-19065 223 16 easier easy ADJ bracis-19065 223 17 for for SCONJ bracis-19065 223 18 the the DET bracis-19065 223 19 model model NOUN bracis-19065 223 20 to to PART bracis-19065 223 21 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 223 22 the the DET bracis-19065 223 23 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 223 24 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 223 25 correctly correctly ADV bracis-19065 223 26 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 224 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 224 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 224 3 the the DET bracis-19065 224 4 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 224 5 is be AUX bracis-19065 224 6 more more ADV bracis-19065 224 7 challenging challenging ADJ bracis-19065 224 8 for for ADP bracis-19065 224 9 the the DET bracis-19065 224 10 model model NOUN bracis-19065 224 11 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 224 12 the the DET bracis-19065 224 13 sunlight sunlight NOUN bracis-19065 224 14 is be AUX bracis-19065 224 15 too too ADV bracis-19065 224 16 bright bright ADJ bracis-19065 224 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 224 18 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 224 19 the the DET bracis-19065 224 20 leaf leaf NOUN bracis-19065 224 21 image image NOUN bracis-19065 224 22 does do AUX bracis-19065 224 23 not not PART bracis-19065 224 24 have have VERB bracis-19065 224 25 enough enough ADJ bracis-19065 224 26 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-19065 224 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 225 1 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 225 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 225 3 a a DET bracis-19065 225 4 carefully carefully ADV bracis-19065 225 5 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 225 6 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 225 7 sufficiently sufficiently ADV bracis-19065 225 8 large large ADJ bracis-19065 225 9 training training NOUN bracis-19065 225 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 225 11 is be AUX bracis-19065 225 12 essential essential ADJ bracis-19065 225 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 226 1 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 226 2 shown show VERB bracis-19065 226 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 226 4 table table NOUN bracis-19065 226 5     SPACE bracis-19065 226 6 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 226 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 226 8 all all DET bracis-19065 226 9 models model NOUN bracis-19065 226 10 trained train VERB bracis-19065 226 11 using use VERB bracis-19065 226 12 a a DET bracis-19065 226 13 smaller small ADJ bracis-19065 226 14 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 226 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 226 16 constituted constitute VERB bracis-19065 226 17 of of ADP bracis-19065 226 18 about about ADV bracis-19065 226 19 3600 3600 NUM bracis-19065 226 20 images image NOUN bracis-19065 226 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 226 22 achieved achieve VERB bracis-19065 226 23 a a DET bracis-19065 226 24 poor poor ADJ bracis-19065 226 25 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 226 26 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 226 27 committing commit VERB bracis-19065 226 28 many many ADJ bracis-19065 226 29 errors error NOUN bracis-19065 226 30 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 226 31 both both DET bracis-19065 226 32 false false ADJ bracis-19065 226 33 positives positive NOUN bracis-19065 226 34 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 226 35 false false ADJ bracis-19065 226 36 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 226 37 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 226 38 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 226 39 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 226 40 to to ADP bracis-19065 226 41 the the DET bracis-19065 226 42 case case NOUN bracis-19065 226 43 study study NOUN bracis-19065 226 44 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 226 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 226 46 results result NOUN bracis-19065 226 47 not not PART bracis-19065 226 48 shown show VERB bracis-19065 226 49 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 226 50 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 227 1 meanwhile meanwhile ADV bracis-19065 227 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 227 3 models model NOUN bracis-19065 227 4 trained train VERB bracis-19065 227 5 with with ADP bracis-19065 227 6 a a DET bracis-19065 227 7 more more ADV bracis-19065 227 8 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-19065 227 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 227 10 performed perform VERB bracis-19065 227 11 better well ADV bracis-19065 227 12 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 228 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 228 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 229 1 5 5 X bracis-19065 229 2 . . X bracis-19065 229 3 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 229 4 results result NOUN bracis-19065 229 5 for for ADP bracis-19065 229 6 selected select VERB bracis-19065 229 7 healthy healthy ADJ bracis-19065 229 8 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 229 9 images image NOUN bracis-19065 229 10 obtained obtain VERB bracis-19065 229 11 from from ADP bracis-19065 229 12 two two NUM bracis-19065 229 13 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 229 14 models model NOUN bracis-19065 229 15 full full ADJ bracis-19065 229 16 size size NOUN bracis-19065 229 17 image image NOUN bracis-19065 229 18 however however ADV bracis-19065 229 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 229 20 defining define VERB bracis-19065 229 21 the the DET bracis-19065 229 22 correct correct ADJ bracis-19065 229 23 target target NOUN bracis-19065 229 24 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 229 25 values value NOUN bracis-19065 229 26 for for ADP bracis-19065 229 27 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-19065 229 28 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 229 29 is be AUX bracis-19065 229 30 challenging challenge VERB bracis-19065 229 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 230 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 230 2     SPACE bracis-19065 230 3 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 230 4 displays display VERB bracis-19065 230 5 the the DET bracis-19065 230 6 predicted predict VERB bracis-19065 230 7 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-19065 230 8 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 230 9 of of ADP bracis-19065 230 10 two two NUM bracis-19065 230 11 models model NOUN bracis-19065 230 12 that that PRON bracis-19065 230 13 produced produce VERB bracis-19065 230 14 different different ADJ bracis-19065 230 15 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 230 16 values value NOUN bracis-19065 230 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 230 18 out out ADP bracis-19065 230 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 230 20 \(n=50\ \(n=50\ NOUN bracis-19065 230 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 230 22 different different ADJ bracis-19065 230 23 training training NOUN bracis-19065 230 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 230 25 test test NOUN bracis-19065 230 26 sets set NOUN bracis-19065 230 27 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 230 28 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 230 29 on on ADP bracis-19065 230 30 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 230 31 level level NOUN bracis-19065 230 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 230 33 second second ADJ bracis-19065 230 34 line line NOUN bracis-19065 230 35 of of ADP bracis-19065 230 36 table table NOUN bracis-19065 230 37     SPACE bracis-19065 230 38 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 230 39 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 230 40 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 231 1 the the DET bracis-19065 231 2 results result NOUN bracis-19065 231 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-19065 231 4 how how SCONJ bracis-19065 231 5 the the DET bracis-19065 231 6 changes change NOUN bracis-19065 231 7 in in ADP bracis-19065 231 8 the the DET bracis-19065 231 9 training training NOUN bracis-19065 231 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 231 11 are be AUX bracis-19065 231 12 related relate VERB bracis-19065 231 13 to to ADP bracis-19065 231 14 the the DET bracis-19065 231 15 output output NOUN bracis-19065 231 16 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 231 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 232 1 for for ADP bracis-19065 232 2 example example NOUN bracis-19065 232 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 232 4 the the DET bracis-19065 232 5 first first ADJ bracis-19065 232 6 model model NOUN bracis-19065 232 7 achieved achieve VERB bracis-19065 232 8 better well ADJ bracis-19065 232 9 results result NOUN bracis-19065 232 10 for for ADP bracis-19065 232 11 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 232 12 indicating indicate VERB bracis-19065 232 13 the the DET bracis-19065 232 14 absence absence NOUN bracis-19065 232 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 232 16 false false ADJ bracis-19065 232 17 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 232 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 232 19 like like ADP bracis-19065 232 20 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 232 21 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 232 22 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 232 23 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 232 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 233 1 on on ADP bracis-19065 233 2 the the DET bracis-19065 233 3 other other ADJ bracis-19065 233 4 hand hand NOUN bracis-19065 233 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 233 6 the the DET bracis-19065 233 7 second second ADJ bracis-19065 233 8 model model NOUN bracis-19065 233 9 performed perform VERB bracis-19065 233 10 better well ADV bracis-19065 233 11 for for ADP bracis-19065 233 12 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 233 13 that that PRON bracis-19065 233 14 increase increase VERB bracis-19065 233 15 with with ADP bracis-19065 233 16 decreasing decrease VERB bracis-19065 233 17 false false ADJ bracis-19065 233 18 positives positive NOUN bracis-19065 233 19 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 233 20 like like ADP bracis-19065 233 21 positive positive ADJ bracis-19065 233 22 precision precision NOUN bracis-19065 233 23 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 233 24 true true ADJ bracis-19065 233 25 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 233 26 rate rate NOUN bracis-19065 233 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 234 1 however however ADV bracis-19065 234 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 234 3 this this PRON bracis-19065 234 4 does do AUX bracis-19065 234 5 not not PART bracis-19065 234 6 necessarily necessarily ADV bracis-19065 234 7 imply imply VERB bracis-19065 234 8 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 234 9 the the DET bracis-19065 234 10 second second ADJ bracis-19065 234 11 model model NOUN bracis-19065 234 12 leads lead VERB bracis-19065 234 13 to to ADP bracis-19065 234 14 more more ADV bracis-19065 234 15 decisive decisive ADJ bracis-19065 234 16 errors error NOUN bracis-19065 234 17 in in ADP bracis-19065 234 18 predicting predict VERB bracis-19065 234 19 the the DET bracis-19065 234 20 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 234 21 class class NOUN bracis-19065 234 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 234 23 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 234 24 no no DET bracis-19065 234 25 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 234 26 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 234 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 234 28 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 235 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-19065 235 2     SPACE bracis-19065 235 3 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 235 4 displays display VERB bracis-19065 235 5 the the DET bracis-19065 235 6 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 235 7 results result NOUN bracis-19065 235 8 of of ADP bracis-19065 235 9 the the DET bracis-19065 235 10 two two NUM bracis-19065 235 11 models model NOUN bracis-19065 235 12 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 235 13 to to ADP bracis-19065 235 14 the the DET bracis-19065 235 15 images image NOUN bracis-19065 235 16 from from ADP bracis-19065 235 17 the the DET bracis-19065 235 18 case case NOUN bracis-19065 235 19 study study NOUN bracis-19065 235 20 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 235 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 235 22 healthy healthy ADJ bracis-19065 235 23 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 235 24 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 236 1 the the DET bracis-19065 236 2 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 236 3 images image NOUN bracis-19065 236 4 are be AUX bracis-19065 236 5 divided divide VERB bracis-19065 236 6 into into ADP bracis-19065 236 7 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 236 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 236 9 show show VERB bracis-19065 236 10 the the DET bracis-19065 236 11 model model NOUN bracis-19065 236 12 output output NOUN bracis-19065 236 13 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 236 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 236 15 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 236 16 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 236 17 yes yes INTJ bracis-19065 236 18 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 236 19 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 236 20 “ " PUNCT bracis-19065 236 21 no no INTJ bracis-19065 236 22 ” " PUNCT bracis-19065 236 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 236 24 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 236 25 the the DET bracis-19065 236 26 corresponding corresponding ADJ bracis-19065 236 27 probability probability NOUN bracis-19065 236 28 for for ADP bracis-19065 236 29 each each PRON bracis-19065 236 30 of of ADP bracis-19065 236 31 them they PRON bracis-19065 236 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 237 1 the the DET bracis-19065 237 2 first first ADJ bracis-19065 237 3 line line NOUN bracis-19065 237 4 under under ADP bracis-19065 237 5 each each DET bracis-19065 237 6 segment segment NOUN bracis-19065 237 7 is be AUX bracis-19065 237 8 the the DET bracis-19065 237 9 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 237 10 obtained obtain VERB bracis-19065 237 11 from from ADP bracis-19065 237 12 model model NOUN bracis-19065 237 13 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 237 14 from from ADP bracis-19065 237 15 table table NOUN bracis-19065 237 16     SPACE bracis-19065 237 17 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 237 18 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 237 19 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 237 20 the the DET bracis-19065 237 21 second second ADJ bracis-19065 237 22 line line NOUN bracis-19065 237 23 is be AUX bracis-19065 237 24 from from ADP bracis-19065 237 25 model model NOUN bracis-19065 237 26 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 237 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 237 28 similarly similarly ADV bracis-19065 237 29 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 237 30 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 237 31 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 237 32     SPACE bracis-19065 238 1 6 6 NUM bracis-19065 238 2 shows show VERB bracis-19065 238 3 the the DET bracis-19065 238 4 diseased diseased ADJ bracis-19065 238 5 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 238 6 images image NOUN bracis-19065 238 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 238 8 their their PRON bracis-19065 238 9 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 238 10 results result NOUN bracis-19065 238 11 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 238 12 the the DET bracis-19065 238 13 two two NUM bracis-19065 238 14 models model NOUN bracis-19065 238 15 are be AUX bracis-19065 238 16 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 238 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 239 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-19065 239 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 240 1 6 6 X bracis-19065 240 2 . . X bracis-19065 240 3 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 240 4 results result NOUN bracis-19065 240 5 for for ADP bracis-19065 240 6 selected select VERB bracis-19065 240 7 diseased diseased ADJ bracis-19065 240 8 leaves leave NOUN bracis-19065 240 9 images image NOUN bracis-19065 240 10 obtained obtain VERB bracis-19065 240 11 from from ADP bracis-19065 240 12 two two NUM bracis-19065 240 13 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 240 14 models model NOUN bracis-19065 240 15 full full ADJ bracis-19065 240 16 size size NOUN bracis-19065 240 17 image image NOUN bracis-19065 240 18 as as SCONJ bracis-19065 240 19 expected expect VERB bracis-19065 240 20 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 240 21 probabilities probability NOUN bracis-19065 240 22 are be AUX bracis-19065 240 23 higher high ADJ bracis-19065 240 24 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 240 25 predicted predict VERB bracis-19065 240 26 by by ADP bracis-19065 240 27 the the DET bracis-19065 240 28 first first ADJ bracis-19065 240 29 model model NOUN bracis-19065 240 30 in in ADP bracis-19065 240 31 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-19065 240 32 to to ADP bracis-19065 240 33 the the DET bracis-19065 240 34 second second ADJ bracis-19065 240 35 one one NUM bracis-19065 240 36 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 241 1 although although SCONJ bracis-19065 241 2 it it PRON bracis-19065 241 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 241 4 desirable desirable ADJ bracis-19065 241 5 to to PART bracis-19065 241 6 avoid avoid VERB bracis-19065 241 7 false false ADJ bracis-19065 241 8 negatives negative NOUN bracis-19065 241 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 241 10 the the DET bracis-19065 241 11 objective objective NOUN bracis-19065 241 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 241 13 the the DET bracis-19065 241 14 training training NOUN bracis-19065 241 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 241 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 241 17 model model NOUN bracis-19065 241 18 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 241 19 leads lead VERB bracis-19065 241 20 to to ADP bracis-19065 241 21 more more ADJ bracis-19065 241 22 errors error NOUN bracis-19065 241 23 in in ADP bracis-19065 241 24 predicting predict VERB bracis-19065 241 25 the the DET bracis-19065 241 26 negative negative ADJ bracis-19065 241 27 class class NOUN bracis-19065 241 28 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 241 29 i.e. i.e. X bracis-19065 241 30 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 241 31 the the DET bracis-19065 241 32 model model NOUN bracis-19065 241 33 classifies classify VERB bracis-19065 241 34 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 241 35 without without ADP bracis-19065 241 36 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 241 37 as as ADP bracis-19065 241 38 presenting present VERB bracis-19065 241 39 them they PRON bracis-19065 241 40 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 241 41 fp fp ADJ bracis-19065 241 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 241 43 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 242 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 242 2     SPACE bracis-19065 242 3 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 242 4 shows show VERB bracis-19065 242 5 the the DET bracis-19065 242 6 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-19065 242 7 matrices matrix NOUN bracis-19065 242 8 results result NOUN bracis-19065 242 9 from from ADP bracis-19065 242 10 the the DET bracis-19065 242 11 two two NUM bracis-19065 242 12 models model NOUN bracis-19065 242 13 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 242 14 applied apply VERB bracis-19065 242 15 to to ADP bracis-19065 242 16 the the DET bracis-19065 242 17 case case NOUN bracis-19065 242 18 study study NOUN bracis-19065 242 19 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 242 20 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 243 1 the the DET bracis-19065 243 2 inference inference NOUN bracis-19065 243 3 study study NOUN bracis-19065 243 4 also also ADV bracis-19065 243 5 revealed reveal VERB bracis-19065 243 6 potential potential ADJ bracis-19065 243 7 future future ADJ bracis-19065 243 8 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-19065 243 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 243 10 such such ADJ bracis-19065 243 11 as as ADP bracis-19065 243 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 243 13 for for ADP bracis-19065 243 14 example example NOUN bracis-19065 243 15 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 243 16 the the DET bracis-19065 243 17 use use NOUN bracis-19065 243 18 of of ADP bracis-19065 243 19 multi multi ADJ bracis-19065 243 20 - - ADJ bracis-19065 243 21 label label ADJ bracis-19065 243 22 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 243 23 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 244 1 this this DET bracis-19065 244 2 technique technique NOUN bracis-19065 244 3 uses use VERB bracis-19065 244 4 the the DET bracis-19065 244 5 same same ADJ bracis-19065 244 6 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 244 7 network network NOUN bracis-19065 244 8 to to PART bracis-19065 244 9 classify classify VERB bracis-19065 244 10 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-19065 244 11 different different ADJ bracis-19065 244 12 labels label NOUN bracis-19065 244 13 at at ADP bracis-19065 244 14 the the DET bracis-19065 244 15 same same ADJ bracis-19065 244 16 time time NOUN bracis-19065 244 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 245 1 that that PRON bracis-19065 245 2 might might AUX bracis-19065 245 3 allow allow VERB bracis-19065 245 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 245 5 for for ADP bracis-19065 245 6 instance instance NOUN bracis-19065 245 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 245 8 the the DET bracis-19065 245 9 enhancement enhancement NOUN bracis-19065 245 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 245 11 other other ADJ bracis-19065 245 12 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-19065 245 13 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 245 14 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-19065 245 15 the the DET bracis-19065 245 16 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 245 17 values value NOUN bracis-19065 245 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 246 1 table table NOUN bracis-19065 246 2 4 4 NUM bracis-19065 246 3 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 246 4 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-19065 246 5 matrices matrix NOUN bracis-19065 246 6 for for ADP bracis-19065 246 7 two two NUM bracis-19065 246 8 selected select VERB bracis-19065 246 9 models model NOUN bracis-19065 246 10 over over ADP bracis-19065 246 11 the the DET bracis-19065 246 12 case case NOUN bracis-19065 246 13 study study NOUN bracis-19065 246 14 datasetfull datasetfull ADJ bracis-19065 246 15 size size NOUN bracis-19065 246 16 table table NOUN bracis-19065 246 17 6 6 NUM bracis-19065 246 18 conclusion conclusion NOUN bracis-19065 246 19 the the DET bracis-19065 246 20 present present ADJ bracis-19065 246 21 work work NOUN bracis-19065 246 22 proposes propose VERB bracis-19065 246 23 using use VERB bracis-19065 246 24 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 246 25 vision vision NOUN bracis-19065 246 26 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 246 27 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 246 28 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 246 29 to to PART bracis-19065 246 30 identify identify VERB bracis-19065 246 31 the the DET bracis-19065 246 32 presence presence NOUN bracis-19065 246 33 of of ADP bracis-19065 246 34 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 246 35 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 246 36 in in ADP bracis-19065 246 37 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 246 38 leaves leave VERB bracis-19065 246 39 images image NOUN bracis-19065 246 40 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 247 1 the the DET bracis-19065 247 2 main main ADJ bracis-19065 247 3 objective objective NOUN bracis-19065 247 4 is be AUX bracis-19065 247 5 to to PART bracis-19065 247 6 assist assist VERB bracis-19065 247 7 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 247 8 from from ADP bracis-19065 247 9 the the DET bracis-19065 247 10 phytosanitary phytosanitary NOUN bracis-19065 247 11 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 247 12 of of ADP bracis-19065 247 13 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 247 14 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 247 15 enable enable VERB bracis-19065 247 16 consulting consulting NOUN bracis-19065 247 17 services service NOUN bracis-19065 247 18 for for ADP bracis-19065 247 19 free free ADJ bracis-19065 247 20 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 247 21 at at ADP bracis-19065 247 22 a a DET bracis-19065 247 23 nominal nominal ADJ bracis-19065 247 24 cost cost NOUN bracis-19065 247 25 offered offer VERB bracis-19065 247 26 to to ADP bracis-19065 247 27 small small ADJ bracis-19065 247 28 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 247 29 scale scale NOUN bracis-19065 247 30 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 247 31 producers producer NOUN bracis-19065 247 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 248 1 the the DET bracis-19065 248 2 implemented implement VERB bracis-19065 248 3 system system NOUN bracis-19065 248 4 allows allow VERB bracis-19065 248 5 smallholders smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 248 6 to to PART bracis-19065 248 7 communicate communicate VERB bracis-19065 248 8 with with ADP bracis-19065 248 9 phytopathology phytopathology NOUN bracis-19065 248 10 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 248 11 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 248 12 the the DET bracis-19065 248 13 community community NOUN bracis-19065 248 14 of of ADP bracis-19065 248 15 users user NOUN bracis-19065 248 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 249 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 249 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-19065 249 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 249 4 the the DET bracis-19065 249 5 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 249 6 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 249 7 successfully successfully ADV bracis-19065 249 8 solves solve VERB bracis-19065 249 9 the the DET bracis-19065 249 10 problem problem NOUN bracis-19065 249 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 249 12 classifying classify VERB bracis-19065 249 13 whether whether SCONJ bracis-19065 249 14 image image NOUN bracis-19065 249 15 segments segment NOUN bracis-19065 249 16 taken take VERB bracis-19065 249 17 by by ADP bracis-19065 249 18 inexperienced inexperienced ADJ bracis-19065 249 19 users user NOUN bracis-19065 249 20 show show VERB bracis-19065 249 21 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 249 22 symptoms symptom NOUN bracis-19065 249 23 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 249 24 not not PART bracis-19065 249 25 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 249 26 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 249 27 thus thus ADV bracis-19065 249 28 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 249 29 acts act VERB bracis-19065 249 30 as as ADP bracis-19065 249 31 a a DET bracis-19065 249 32 filter filter NOUN bracis-19065 249 33 for for ADP bracis-19065 249 34 the the DET bracis-19065 249 35 subsequent subsequent ADJ bracis-19065 249 36 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-19065 249 37 by by ADP bracis-19065 249 38 human human ADJ bracis-19065 249 39 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 249 40 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 250 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 250 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 250 3 tackled tackle VERB bracis-19065 250 4 the the DET bracis-19065 250 5 challenge challenge NOUN bracis-19065 250 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 250 7 lacking lack VERB bracis-19065 250 8 data datum NOUN bracis-19065 250 9 for for ADP bracis-19065 250 10 training train VERB bracis-19065 250 11 a a DET bracis-19065 250 12 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-19065 250 13 neural neural ADJ bracis-19065 250 14 network network NOUN bracis-19065 250 15 by by ADP bracis-19065 250 16 building build VERB bracis-19065 250 17 our our PRON bracis-19065 250 18 own own ADJ bracis-19065 250 19 training training NOUN bracis-19065 250 20 set set NOUN bracis-19065 250 21 composed compose VERB bracis-19065 250 22 of of ADP bracis-19065 250 23 images image NOUN bracis-19065 250 24 of of ADP bracis-19065 250 25 essential essential ADJ bracis-19065 250 26 crops crop NOUN bracis-19065 250 27 from from ADP bracis-19065 250 28 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 250 29 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 251 1 the the DET bracis-19065 251 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 251 3 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 251 4 balances balance NOUN bracis-19065 251 5 images image NOUN bracis-19065 251 6 of of ADP bracis-19065 251 7 good good ADJ bracis-19065 251 8 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 251 9 poor poor ADJ bracis-19065 251 10 quality quality NOUN bracis-19065 251 11 to to PART bracis-19065 251 12 maximize maximize VERB bracis-19065 251 13 the the DET bracis-19065 251 14 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 251 15 of of ADP bracis-19065 251 16 photos photo NOUN bracis-19065 251 17 taken take VERB bracis-19065 251 18 from from ADP bracis-19065 251 19 non non ADJ bracis-19065 251 20 - - NOUN bracis-19065 251 21 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 251 22 in in ADP bracis-19065 251 23 the the DET bracis-19065 251 24 field field NOUN bracis-19065 251 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 252 1 the the DET bracis-19065 252 2 best well ADV bracis-19065 252 3 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 252 4 performing perform VERB bracis-19065 252 5 model model NOUN bracis-19065 252 6 could could AUX bracis-19065 252 7 achieve achieve VERB bracis-19065 252 8 a a DET bracis-19065 252 9 recall recall NOUN bracis-19065 252 10 of of ADP bracis-19065 252 11 over over ADP bracis-19065 252 12 95 95 NUM bracis-19065 252 13 % % NOUN bracis-19065 252 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 253 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-19065 253 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 253 3 the the DET bracis-19065 253 4 annotated annotate VERB bracis-19065 253 5 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 253 6 will will AUX bracis-19065 253 7 continuously continuously ADV bracis-19065 253 8 improve improve VERB bracis-19065 253 9 with with ADP bracis-19065 253 10 a a DET bracis-19065 253 11 growing grow VERB bracis-19065 253 12 user user NOUN bracis-19065 253 13 community community NOUN bracis-19065 253 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 254 1 test test NOUN bracis-19065 254 2 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 254 3 inference inference NOUN bracis-19065 254 4 results result NOUN bracis-19065 254 5 for for ADP bracis-19065 254 6 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-19065 254 7 trained train VERB bracis-19065 254 8 models model NOUN bracis-19065 254 9 gave give VERB bracis-19065 254 10 insights insight NOUN bracis-19065 254 11 into into ADP bracis-19065 254 12 an an DET bracis-19065 254 13 ideal ideal ADJ bracis-19065 254 14 training training NOUN bracis-19065 254 15 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 254 16 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 254 17 the the DET bracis-19065 254 18 influence influence NOUN bracis-19065 254 19 of of ADP bracis-19065 254 20 exposure exposure NOUN bracis-19065 254 21 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 254 22 when when SCONJ bracis-19065 254 23 taking take VERB bracis-19065 254 24 the the DET bracis-19065 254 25 photos photo NOUN bracis-19065 254 26 to to PART bracis-19065 254 27 be be AUX bracis-19065 254 28 classified classify VERB bracis-19065 254 29 in in ADP bracis-19065 254 30 the the DET bracis-19065 254 31 field field NOUN bracis-19065 254 32 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 255 1 we we PRON bracis-19065 255 2 also also ADV bracis-19065 255 3 found find VERB bracis-19065 255 4 that that SCONJ bracis-19065 255 5 models model NOUN bracis-19065 255 6 compromising compromise VERB bracis-19065 255 7 on on ADP bracis-19065 255 8 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-19065 255 9 metrics metric NOUN bracis-19065 255 10 may may AUX bracis-19065 255 11 give give VERB bracis-19065 255 12 better well ADJ bracis-19065 255 13 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 255 14 results result NOUN bracis-19065 255 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 256 1 future future ADJ bracis-19065 256 2 works work NOUN bracis-19065 256 3 include include VERB bracis-19065 256 4 optimizing optimize VERB bracis-19065 256 5 the the DET bracis-19065 256 6 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 256 7 system system NOUN bracis-19065 256 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 256 9 automatizing automatize VERB bracis-19065 256 10 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 256 11 of of ADP bracis-19065 256 12 the the DET bracis-19065 256 13 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 256 14 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 256 15 causing cause VERB bracis-19065 256 16 agent agent NOUN bracis-19065 256 17 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 256 18 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 256 19 using use VERB bracis-19065 256 20 a a DET bracis-19065 256 21 multi multi ADJ bracis-19065 256 22 - - ADJ bracis-19065 256 23 label label ADJ bracis-19065 256 24 approach approach NOUN bracis-19065 256 25 to to PART bracis-19065 256 26 improve improve VERB bracis-19065 256 27 the the DET bracis-19065 256 28 model model NOUN bracis-19065 256 29 performance performance NOUN bracis-19065 256 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 257 1 references reference NOUN bracis-19065 257 2 ibge ibge NOUN bracis-19065 257 3 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 257 4 agricultural agricultural ADJ bracis-19065 257 5 census census NOUN bracis-19065 257 6 2017 2017 NUM bracis-19065 257 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 258 1 https://censoagro2017.ibge.gov.br/templates/censo_agro/resultadosagro/index.html https://censoagro2017.ibge.gov.br/templates/censo_agro/resultadosagro/index.html PROPN bracis-19065 258 2 . . PROPN bracis-19065 259 1 accessed access VERB bracis-19065 259 2 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 259 3 mar mar PROPN bracis-19065 259 4 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 259 5 baumüller baumüller NOUN bracis-19065 259 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 259 7 h. h. PROPN bracis-19065 259 8 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 259 9 the the DET bracis-19065 259 10 little little ADJ bracis-19065 259 11 we we PRON bracis-19065 259 12 know know VERB bracis-19065 259 13 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 259 14 an an DET bracis-19065 259 15 exploratory exploratory ADJ bracis-19065 259 16 literature literature NOUN bracis-19065 259 17 review review NOUN bracis-19065 259 18 on on ADP bracis-19065 259 19 the the DET bracis-19065 259 20 utility utility NOUN bracis-19065 259 21 of of ADP bracis-19065 259 22 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-19065 259 23 phone phone NOUN bracis-19065 259 24 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 259 25 enabled enable VERB bracis-19065 259 26 services service NOUN bracis-19065 259 27 for for ADP bracis-19065 259 28 smallholder smallholder NOUN bracis-19065 259 29 farmers farmer NOUN bracis-19065 259 30 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 260 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 260 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 260 3 journal journal NOUN bracis-19065 260 4 of of ADP bracis-19065 260 5 international international ADJ bracis-19065 260 6 development development NOUN bracis-19065 260 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 260 8 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 260 9 . . PROPN bracis-19065 260 10 30 30 NUM bracis-19065 260 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 260 12 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 260 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 261 1 134–154 134–154 NUM bracis-19065 261 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 262 1 willey willey PROPN bracis-19065 262 2 online online PROPN bracis-19065 262 3 library library NOUN bracis-19065 262 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 262 5 2018 2018 NUM bracis-19065 262 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 262 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 263 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3314 https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3314 ADJ bracis-19065 263 2 sharada sharada PROPN bracis-19065 263 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 263 4 p.m. p.m. NOUN bracis-19065 263 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 263 6 david david PROPN bracis-19065 263 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 263 8 p.h p.h PROPN bracis-19065 263 9 . . PROPN bracis-19065 263 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 263 11 salathé salathé PROPN bracis-19065 263 12 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 263 13 m. m. NOUN bracis-19065 263 14 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 263 15 using use VERB bracis-19065 263 16 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 263 17 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 263 18 for for ADP bracis-19065 263 19 image image NOUN bracis-19065 263 20 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 263 21 based base VERB bracis-19065 263 22 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 263 23 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 263 24 detection detection NOUN bracis-19065 263 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 264 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 264 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 264 3 frontiers frontier NOUN bracis-19065 264 4 in in ADP bracis-19065 264 5 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 264 6 science science NOUN bracis-19065 264 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 264 8 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 264 9 . . PROPN bracis-19065 264 10 7 7 NUM bracis-19065 264 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 264 12 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 264 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 264 14 1419 1419 NUM bracis-19065 264 15 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 265 1 frontiers frontier NOUN bracis-19065 265 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 265 3 2016 2016 NUM bracis-19065 265 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 265 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 266 1 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01419 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01419 X bracis-19065 266 2 sharada sharada PROPN bracis-19065 266 3 p.m. p.m. ADV bracis-19065 266 4 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 266 5 plantvillage plantvillage NOUN bracis-19065 266 6 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 266 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 267 1 https://github.com/spmohanty/plantvillage-dataset/tree/master/raw https://github.com/spmohanty/plantvillage-dataset/tree/master/raw X bracis-19065 267 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 268 1 accessed access VERB bracis-19065 268 2 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 268 3 mar mar PROPN bracis-19065 268 4 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 268 5 rangarajan rangarajan PROPN bracis-19065 268 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 268 7 a.k a.k PROPN bracis-19065 268 8 . . PROPN bracis-19065 268 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 268 10 purushothaman purushothaman NOUN bracis-19065 268 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 268 12 r. r. PROPN bracis-19065 268 13 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 268 14 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 268 15 classification classification NOUN bracis-19065 268 16 in in ADP bracis-19065 268 17 eggplant eggplant NOUN bracis-19065 268 18 using use VERB bracis-19065 268 19 pre pre ADJ bracis-19065 268 20 - - ADJ bracis-19065 268 21 trained train VERB bracis-19065 268 22 vgg16 vgg16 NOUN bracis-19065 268 23 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 268 24 msvm msvm NOUN bracis-19065 268 25 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 269 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 269 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 269 3 scientific scientific ADJ bracis-19065 269 4 reports report NOUN bracis-19065 269 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 269 6 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 269 7 . . PROPN bracis-19065 269 8 10 10 NUM bracis-19065 269 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 269 10 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 269 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 270 1 1–11 1–11 PROPN bracis-19065 270 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 271 1 nature nature PROPN bracis-19065 271 2 publishing publishing PROPN bracis-19065 271 3 group group NOUN bracis-19065 271 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 271 5 2020 2020 NUM bracis-19065 271 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 271 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 272 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59108-x https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59108-x PROPN bracis-19065 272 2 barbedo barbedo PROPN bracis-19065 272 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 272 4 j.g.a j.g.a PROPN bracis-19065 272 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 272 6 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 272 7 plant plant NOUN bracis-19065 272 8 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 272 9 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 272 10 from from ADP bracis-19065 272 11 individual individual ADJ bracis-19065 272 12 lesions lesion NOUN bracis-19065 272 13 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 272 14 spots spot NOUN bracis-19065 272 15 using use VERB bracis-19065 272 16 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 272 17 learning learning NOUN bracis-19065 272 18 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 273 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 273 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 273 3 biosystems biosystems PROPN bracis-19065 273 4 engineering engineering NOUN bracis-19065 273 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 273 6 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 273 7 . . PROPN bracis-19065 273 8 180 180 NUM bracis-19065 273 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 273 10 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 273 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 274 1 96–107 96–107 NUM bracis-19065 274 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 275 1 science science NOUN bracis-19065 275 2 direct direct ADJ bracis-19065 275 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 275 4 2019 2019 NUM bracis-19065 275 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 275 6 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 276 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.02.002 NOUN bracis-19065 276 2 embrapa embrapa NOUN bracis-19065 276 3 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 276 4 digipathos digipathos PROPN bracis-19065 276 5 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-19065 276 6 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 277 1 https://www.digipathos-rep.cnptia.embrapa.br/. https://www.digipathos-rep.cnptia.embrapa.br/. VERB bracis-19065 277 2 accessed access VERB bracis-19065 277 3 1 1 NUM bracis-19065 277 4 mar mar PROPN bracis-19065 277 5 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 277 6 smith smith PROPN bracis-19065 277 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 277 8 p.r p.r PROPN bracis-19065 277 9 . . PROPN bracis-19065 277 10 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 278 1 bilinear bilinear NOUN bracis-19065 278 2 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-19065 278 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 278 4 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 278 5 images image NOUN bracis-19065 278 6 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 279 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 279 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 279 3 ultramicroscopy ultramicroscopy NOUN bracis-19065 279 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 279 5 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 279 6 . . PROPN bracis-19065 279 7 6 6 NUM bracis-19065 279 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 279 9 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 279 10 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 280 1 201–204 201–204 NUM bracis-19065 280 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 281 1 science science NOUN bracis-19065 281 2 direct direct ADJ bracis-19065 281 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 281 4 1981 1981 NUM bracis-19065 281 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 281 6 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 282 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(81)90061-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(81)90061-9 PROPN bracis-19065 282 2 voulodimos voulodimos PROPN bracis-19065 282 3 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 4 a. a. NOUN bracis-19065 282 5 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 6 doulamis doulamis ADV bracis-19065 282 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 8 n. n. NOUN bracis-19065 282 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 10 doulamis doulamis PROPN bracis-19065 282 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 12 a. a. NOUN bracis-19065 282 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 14 protopapadakis protopapadaki NOUN bracis-19065 282 15 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 282 16 e. e. PROPN bracis-19065 282 17 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 282 18 deep deep ADJ bracis-19065 282 19 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 282 20 for for ADP bracis-19065 282 21 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 282 22 vision vision NOUN bracis-19065 282 23 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 282 24 a a DET bracis-19065 282 25 brief brief ADJ bracis-19065 282 26 review review NOUN bracis-19065 282 27 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 283 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 283 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 283 3 computational computational ADJ bracis-19065 283 4 intelligence intelligence NOUN bracis-19065 283 5 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 283 6 neuroscience neuroscience NOUN bracis-19065 283 7 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 283 8 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 283 9 . . NOUN bracis-19065 283 10 2018 2018 NUM bracis-19065 283 11 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 283 12 pp pp ADJ bracis-19065 283 13 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 284 1 1–13 1–13 NOUN bracis-19065 284 2 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 285 1 hindawi hindawi ADJ bracis-19065 285 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 285 3 2018 2018 NUM bracis-19065 285 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 285 5 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 286 1 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7068349 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7068349 PROPN bracis-19065 286 2 download download PROPN bracis-19065 286 3 references reference NOUN bracis-19065 286 4 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN bracis-19065 286 5 this this DET bracis-19065 286 6 work work NOUN bracis-19065 286 7 was be AUX bracis-19065 286 8 supported support VERB bracis-19065 286 9 by by ADP bracis-19065 286 10 an an DET bracis-19065 286 11 a.i a.i PROPN bracis-19065 286 12 . . PROPN bracis-19065 286 13 for for ADP bracis-19065 286 14 earth earth NOUN bracis-19065 286 15 microsoft microsoft PROPN bracis-19065 286 16 azure azure PROPN bracis-19065 286 17 compute compute PROPN bracis-19065 286 18 grant grant PROPN bracis-19065 286 19 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 287 1 m.b m.b PROPN bracis-19065 287 2 . . PROPN bracis-19065 287 3 would would AUX bracis-19065 287 4 like like VERB bracis-19065 287 5 to to PART bracis-19065 287 6 thank thank VERB bracis-19065 287 7 capes cape NOUN bracis-19065 287 8 for for ADP bracis-19065 287 9 the the DET bracis-19065 287 10 master master NOUN bracis-19065 287 11 ’s ’s PART bracis-19065 287 12 degree degree NOUN bracis-19065 287 13 scholarship scholarship NOUN bracis-19065 287 14 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 288 1 s.b s.b PROPN bracis-19065 288 2 . . PROPN bracis-19065 288 3 is be AUX bracis-19065 288 4 a a DET bracis-19065 288 5 cnpq cnpq NOUN bracis-19065 288 6 fellow fellow NOUN bracis-19065 288 7 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 289 1 the the DET bracis-19065 289 2 authors author NOUN bracis-19065 289 3 also also ADV bracis-19065 289 4 thank thank VERB bracis-19065 289 5 the the DET bracis-19065 289 6 experts expert NOUN bracis-19065 289 7 from from ADP bracis-19065 289 8 clifipe clifipe NOUN bracis-19065 289 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 289 10 especially especially ADV bracis-19065 289 11 dr dr PROPN bracis-19065 289 12 . . PROPN bracis-19065 289 13     SPACE bracis-19065 289 14 jonas jonas PROPN bracis-19065 289 15 alberto alberto PROPN bracis-19065 289 16 rios rios PROPN bracis-19065 289 17 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 289 18 dr dr PROPN bracis-19065 289 19 . . PROPN bracis-19065 289 20     SPACE bracis-19065 289 21 andré andré VERB bracis-19065 289 22 angelo angelo PROPN bracis-19065 289 23 medeiros medeiros PROPN bracis-19065 289 24 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-19065 289 25 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 289 26 for for ADP bracis-19065 289 27 helpful helpful ADJ bracis-19065 289 28 discussion discussion NOUN bracis-19065 289 29 on on ADP bracis-19065 289 30 the the DET bracis-19065 289 31 working working NOUN bracis-19065 289 32 of of ADP bracis-19065 289 33 a a DET bracis-19065 289 34 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 289 35 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 289 36 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 290 1 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 2 information information NOUN bracis-19065 290 3 authors author NOUN bracis-19065 290 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 290 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-19065 290 6 centro centro PROPN bracis-19065 290 7 de de X bracis-19065 290 8 informática informática PROPN bracis-19065 290 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 10 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-19065 290 11 federal federal PROPN bracis-19065 290 12 de de PROPN bracis-19065 290 13 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 290 14 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 15 recife recife PROPN bracis-19065 290 16 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 17 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 290 18 mariana mariana PROPN bracis-19065 290 19 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 20 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 21 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 290 22 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 23     SPACE bracis-19065 290 24 igor igor PROPN bracis-19065 290 25 de de PROPN bracis-19065 290 26 moura moura PROPN bracis-19065 290 27 philippini philippini PROPN bracis-19065 290 28 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 29     SPACE bracis-19065 290 30 ladson ladson PROPN bracis-19065 290 31 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-19065 290 32 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 33 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 34     SPACE bracis-19065 290 35 antonio antonio PROPN bracis-19065 290 36 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 290 37 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 38 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 39 netto netto PROPN bracis-19065 290 40 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 41     SPACE bracis-19065 290 42 edna edna PROPN bracis-19065 290 43 natividade natividade PROPN bracis-19065 290 44 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 45     SPACE bracis-19065 290 46 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 47 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 290 48     SPACE bracis-19065 290 49 & & CCONJ bracis-19065 290 50     SPACE bracis-19065 290 51 stefan stefan PROPN bracis-19065 290 52 blawid blawid PROPN bracis-19065 290 53 departamento departamento PROPN bracis-19065 290 54 de de PROPN bracis-19065 290 55 agronomia agronomia PROPN bracis-19065 290 56 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 57 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-19065 290 58 federal federal PROPN bracis-19065 290 59 rural rural PROPN bracis-19065 290 60 de de X bracis-19065 290 61 pernambuco pernambuco PROPN bracis-19065 290 62 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 63 recife recife PROPN bracis-19065 290 64 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 290 65 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 290 66 rosana rosana PROPN bracis-19065 290 67 blawid blawid VERB bracis-19065 290 68 authors author NOUN bracis-19065 290 69 mariana mariana PROPN bracis-19065 290 70 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 71 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 72 barrosview barrosview PROPN bracis-19065 290 73 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 74 publications publication VERB bracis-19065 290 75 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 76 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 77 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 78 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 79 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 80     SPACE bracis-19065 290 81 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 82 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-19065 290 83 igor igor PROPN bracis-19065 290 84 de de PROPN bracis-19065 290 85 moura moura PROPN bracis-19065 290 86 philippiniview philippiniview PROPN bracis-19065 290 87 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 88 publications publication NOUN bracis-19065 290 89 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 90 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 91 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 92 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 93 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 94     SPACE bracis-19065 290 95 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 96 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-19065 290 97 ladson ladson PROPN bracis-19065 290 98 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-19065 290 99 silvaview silvaview PROPN bracis-19065 290 100 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 101 publications publication NOUN bracis-19065 290 102 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 103 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 104 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 105 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 106 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 107     SPACE bracis-19065 290 108 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 109 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-19065 290 110 antonio antonio PROPN bracis-19065 290 111 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 290 112 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 113 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 114 nettoview nettoview PROPN bracis-19065 290 115 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 116 publications publication NOUN bracis-19065 290 117 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 118 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 119 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 120 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 121 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 122     SPACE bracis-19065 290 123 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 124 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-19065 290 125 rosana rosana PROPN bracis-19065 290 126 blawidview blawidview PROPN bracis-19065 290 127 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 128 publications publication NOUN bracis-19065 290 129 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 130 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 131 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 132 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 133 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 134     SPACE bracis-19065 290 135 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 136 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-19065 290 137 edna edna PROPN bracis-19065 290 138 natividade natividade VERB bracis-19065 290 139 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 140     SPACE bracis-19065 290 141 silva silva NOUN bracis-19065 290 142 barrosview barrosview NOUN bracis-19065 290 143 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 144 publications publication VERB bracis-19065 290 145 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 146 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 147 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 148 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 149 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 150     SPACE bracis-19065 290 151 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 152 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-19065 290 153 stefan stefan PROPN bracis-19065 290 154 blawidview blawidview PROPN bracis-19065 290 155 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 156 publications publication NOUN bracis-19065 290 157 search search NOUN bracis-19065 290 158 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 159 on on ADP bracis-19065 290 160 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 290 161 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-19065 290 162     SPACE bracis-19065 290 163 google google PROPN bracis-19065 290 164 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-19065 290 165 corresponding correspond VERB bracis-19065 290 166 author author NOUN bracis-19065 290 167 correspondence correspondence NOUN bracis-19065 290 168 to to ADP bracis-19065 290 169 mariana mariana PROPN bracis-19065 290 170 da da PROPN bracis-19065 290 171 silva silva PROPN bracis-19065 290 172 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 290 173 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 291 1 editor editor NOUN bracis-19065 291 2 information information NOUN bracis-19065 291 3 editors editor NOUN bracis-19065 291 4 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 291 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-19065 291 6 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-19065 291 7 federal federal PROPN bracis-19065 291 8 de de X bracis-19065 291 9 sergipe sergipe PROPN bracis-19065 291 10 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 291 11 são são NOUN bracis-19065 291 12 cristóvão cristóvão PROPN bracis-19065 291 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 291 14 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 291 15 andré andré PROPN bracis-19065 291 16 britto britto PROPN bracis-19065 291 17 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-19065 291 18 de de PROPN bracis-19065 291 19 são são PROPN bracis-19065 291 20 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-19065 291 21 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 291 22 são são PROPN bracis-19065 291 23 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-19065 291 24 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 291 25 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-19065 291 26 karina karina PROPN bracis-19065 291 27 valdivia valdivia PROPN bracis-19065 291 28 delgado delgado VERB bracis-19065 291 29 rights right NOUN bracis-19065 291 30 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 291 31 permissions permission NOUN bracis-19065 291 32 reprints reprint NOUN bracis-19065 291 33 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 291 34 permissions permission VERB bracis-19065 291 35 copyright copyright NOUN bracis-19065 291 36 information information NOUN bracis-19065 291 37 © © PROPN bracis-19065 291 38 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 291 39 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 291 40 nature nature NOUN bracis-19065 291 41 switzerland switzerland PROPN bracis-19065 291 42 ag ag PROPN bracis-19065 291 43 about about ADP bracis-19065 291 44 this this DET bracis-19065 291 45 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 291 46 cite cite VERB bracis-19065 291 47 this this DET bracis-19065 291 48 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 291 49 barros barros PROPN bracis-19065 291 50 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 291 51 m.d.s m.d.s PROPN bracis-19065 291 52 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 291 53 et et PROPN bracis-19065 291 54 al al PROPN bracis-19065 291 55 . . PROPN bracis-19065 292 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 292 2 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 292 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 292 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 293 1 supervised supervise VERB bracis-19065 293 2 training training NOUN bracis-19065 293 3 of of ADP bracis-19065 293 4     SPACE bracis-19065 293 5 a a DET bracis-19065 293 6     SPACE bracis-19065 293 7 simple simple ADJ bracis-19065 293 8 digital digital ADJ bracis-19065 293 9 assistant assistant NOUN bracis-19065 293 10 for for ADP bracis-19065 293 11     SPACE bracis-19065 293 12 a a DET bracis-19065 293 13     SPACE bracis-19065 293 14 free free ADJ bracis-19065 293 15 crop crop NOUN bracis-19065 293 16 clinic clinic NOUN bracis-19065 293 17 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 294 1 in in ADP bracis-19065 294 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 294 3 britto britto PROPN bracis-19065 294 4 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 294 5 a. a. PROPN bracis-19065 294 6 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 294 7 valdivia valdivia PROPN bracis-19065 294 8 delgado delgado PROPN bracis-19065 294 9 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 294 10 k. k. PROPN bracis-19065 294 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 294 12 eds eds PROPN bracis-19065 294 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 294 14 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-19065 294 15 systems system NOUN bracis-19065 294 16 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 295 1 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-19065 295 2 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 295 3 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 296 1 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-19065 296 2 notes note NOUN bracis-19065 296 3 in in ADP bracis-19065 296 4 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 296 5 science science NOUN bracis-19065 296 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 296 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 296 8 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 296 9 vol vol NOUN bracis-19065 296 10 13074 13074 NUM bracis-19065 296 11 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 297 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 297 2 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 297 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-19065 297 4 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 298 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91699-2_12 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91699-2_12 NOUN bracis-19065 298 2 download download NOUN bracis-19065 298 3 citation citation NOUN bracis-19065 298 4 .ris .ris PUNCT bracis-19065 298 5 .enw .enw PROPN bracis-19065 298 6 .bib .bib PUNCT bracis-19065 299 1 doi doi PROPN bracis-19065 299 2 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91699-2_12 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91699-2_12 PRON bracis-19065 299 4 published publish VERB bracis-19065 299 5 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 6 28 28 NUM bracis-19065 299 7 november november PROPN bracis-19065 299 8 2021 2021 NUM bracis-19065 299 9 publisher publisher NOUN bracis-19065 299 10 name name NOUN bracis-19065 299 11 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 12 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 299 13 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 299 14 cham cham PROPN bracis-19065 299 15 print print PROPN bracis-19065 299 16 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-19065 299 17 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 18 978 978 NUM bracis-19065 299 19 - - SYM bracis-19065 299 20 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 299 21 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 299 22 030 030 NUM bracis-19065 299 23 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 299 24 91698 91698 NUM bracis-19065 299 25 - - SYM bracis-19065 299 26 5 5 NUM bracis-19065 299 27 online online ADJ bracis-19065 299 28 isbn isbn NOUN bracis-19065 299 29 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 30 978 978 NUM bracis-19065 299 31 - - SYM bracis-19065 299 32 3 3 NUM bracis-19065 299 33 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 299 34 030 030 NUM bracis-19065 299 35 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 299 36 91699 91699 NUM bracis-19065 299 37 - - SYM bracis-19065 299 38 2 2 NUM bracis-19065 299 39 ebook ebook NOUN bracis-19065 299 40 packages package NOUN bracis-19065 299 41 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 42 computer computer NOUN bracis-19065 299 43 sciencecomputer sciencecomputer NOUN bracis-19065 299 44 science science NOUN bracis-19065 299 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 299 46 r0 r0 NOUN bracis-19065 299 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 299 48 share share VERB bracis-19065 299 49 this this DET bracis-19065 299 50 paper paper NOUN bracis-19065 299 51 anyone anyone PRON bracis-19065 299 52 you you PRON bracis-19065 299 53 share share VERB bracis-19065 299 54 the the DET bracis-19065 299 55 following follow VERB bracis-19065 299 56 link link NOUN bracis-19065 299 57 with with ADP bracis-19065 299 58 will will AUX bracis-19065 299 59 be be AUX bracis-19065 299 60 able able ADJ bracis-19065 299 61 to to PART bracis-19065 299 62 read read VERB bracis-19065 299 63 this this DET bracis-19065 299 64 content content NOUN bracis-19065 299 65 : : PUNCT bracis-19065 299 66 get get VERB bracis-19065 299 67 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-19065 299 68 linksorry linksorry NOUN bracis-19065 299 69 , , PUNCT bracis-19065 299 70 a a DET bracis-19065 299 71 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-19065 299 72 link link NOUN bracis-19065 299 73 is be AUX bracis-19065 299 74 not not PART bracis-19065 299 75 currently currently ADV bracis-19065 299 76 available available ADJ bracis-19065 299 77 for for ADP bracis-19065 299 78 this this DET bracis-19065 299 79 article article NOUN bracis-19065 299 80 . . PUNCT bracis-19065 300 1 copy copy VERB bracis-19065 300 2 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-19065 300 3 link link NOUN bracis-19065 300 4 to to PART bracis-19065 300 5 clipboard clipboard NOUN bracis-19065 300 6 provided provide VERB bracis-19065 300 7 by by ADP bracis-19065 300 8 the the DET bracis-19065 300 9 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 300 10 nature nature PROPN bracis-19065 300 11 sharedit sharedit PROPN bracis-19065 300 12 content content NOUN bracis-19065 300 13 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 300 14 sharing share VERB bracis-19065 300 15 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-19065 300 16 keywords keyword NOUN bracis-19065 300 17 disease disease NOUN bracis-19065 300 18 identification identification NOUN bracis-19065 300 19 machine machine NOUN bracis-19065 300 20 learning learn VERB bracis-19065 300 21 family family NOUN bracis-19065 300 22 farming farming NOUN bracis-19065 300 23 publish publish VERB bracis-19065 300 24 with with ADP bracis-19065 300 25 us us PROPN bracis-19065 300 26 policies policy NOUN bracis-19065 300 27 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 300 28 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-19065 300 29 profiles profile NOUN bracis-19065 300 30 stefan stefan PROPN bracis-19065 300 31 blawid blawid VERB bracis-19065 300 32 view view NOUN bracis-19065 300 33 author author NOUN bracis-19065 300 34 profile profile NOUN bracis-19065 300 35 search search NOUN bracis-19065 300 36 search search NOUN bracis-19065 300 37 by by ADP bracis-19065 300 38 keyword keyword NOUN bracis-19065 300 39 or or CCONJ bracis-19065 300 40 author author NOUN bracis-19065 300 41 search search NOUN bracis-19065 300 42 navigation navigation NOUN bracis-19065 300 43 find find VERB bracis-19065 300 44 a a DET bracis-19065 300 45 journal journal NOUN bracis-19065 300 46 publish publish VERB bracis-19065 300 47 with with ADP bracis-19065 300 48 us we PRON bracis-19065 300 49 track track VERB bracis-19065 300 50 your your PRON bracis-19065 300 51 research research NOUN bracis-19065 300 52 discover discover VERB bracis-19065 300 53 content content NOUN bracis-19065 300 54 journals journal NOUN bracis-19065 300 55 a a DET bracis-19065 300 56 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 300 57 z z NOUN bracis-19065 300 58 books book NOUN bracis-19065 300 59 a a DET bracis-19065 300 60 - - PUNCT bracis-19065 300 61 z z NOUN bracis-19065 300 62 publish publish NOUN bracis-19065 300 63 with with ADP bracis-19065 300 64 us us PROPN bracis-19065 300 65 journal journal PROPN bracis-19065 300 66 finder finder PROPN bracis-19065 300 67 publish publish VERB bracis-19065 300 68 your your PRON bracis-19065 300 69 research research NOUN bracis-19065 300 70 language language NOUN bracis-19065 300 71 editing edit VERB bracis-19065 300 72 open open ADJ bracis-19065 300 73 access access NOUN bracis-19065 300 74 publishing publishing NOUN bracis-19065 300 75 products product NOUN bracis-19065 300 76 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 300 77 services service NOUN bracis-19065 300 78 our our PRON bracis-19065 300 79 products product NOUN bracis-19065 300 80 librarians librarian VERB bracis-19065 300 81 societies society NOUN bracis-19065 300 82 partners partner NOUN bracis-19065 300 83 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 300 84 advertisers advertiser NOUN bracis-19065 300 85 our our PRON bracis-19065 300 86 brands brand NOUN bracis-19065 300 87 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 300 88 nature nature PROPN bracis-19065 300 89 portfolio portfolio PROPN bracis-19065 300 90 bmc bmc PROPN bracis-19065 300 91 palgrave palgrave PROPN bracis-19065 300 92 macmillan macmillan PROPN bracis-19065 300 93 apress apress PROPN bracis-19065 300 94 discover discover VERB bracis-19065 300 95 your your PRON bracis-19065 300 96 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-19065 300 97 choices choice NOUN bracis-19065 300 98 / / SYM bracis-19065 300 99 manage manage NOUN bracis-19065 300 100 cookies cookie NOUN bracis-19065 300 101 your your PRON bracis-19065 300 102 us us PROPN bracis-19065 301 1 state state NOUN bracis-19065 301 2 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-19065 301 3 rights right NOUN bracis-19065 301 4 accessibility accessibility NOUN bracis-19065 301 5 statement statement NOUN bracis-19065 301 6 terms term NOUN bracis-19065 301 7 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 301 8 conditions condition NOUN bracis-19065 301 9 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-19065 301 10 policy policy NOUN bracis-19065 301 11 help help NOUN bracis-19065 301 12 and and CCONJ bracis-19065 301 13 support support VERB bracis-19065 301 14 legal legal ADJ bracis-19065 301 15 notice notice NOUN bracis-19065 301 16 cancel cancel VERB bracis-19065 301 17 contracts contract NOUN bracis-19065 301 18 here here ADV bracis-19065 301 19 129.74.145.123 129.74.145.123 NUM bracis-19065 301 20 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-19065 301 21 library library PROPN bracis-19065 301 22 er er INTJ bracis-19065 301 23 unit unit NOUN bracis-19065 301 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 301 25 3005732405 3005732405 NUM bracis-19065 301 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 301 27 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-19065 301 28 research research NOUN bracis-19065 301 29 libraries library NOUN bracis-19065 301 30 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 301 31 nerl nerl PROPN bracis-19065 301 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 301 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 301 34 8200828607 8200828607 NUM bracis-19065 301 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 301 36 nerl nerl VERB bracis-19065 301 37 ta ta X bracis-19065 301 38 account account NOUN bracis-19065 301 39 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 301 40 3006206169 3006206169 NUM bracis-19065 301 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 301 42 university university NOUN bracis-19065 301 43 of of ADP bracis-19065 301 44 notre notre PROPN bracis-19065 301 45 dame dame PROPN bracis-19065 301 46 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-19065 301 47 library library NOUN bracis-19065 301 48 ( ( PUNCT bracis-19065 301 49 3000184373 3000184373 NUM bracis-19065 301 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-19065 302 1 © © ADP bracis-19065 302 2 2025 2025 NUM bracis-19065 302 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-19065 302 4 nature nature NOUN