id sid tid token lemma pos bracis-28379 1 1 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 1 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 1 3 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 1 4 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 1 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 1 6     SPACE bracis-28379 1 7 image image NOUN bracis-28379 1 8 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 1 9 | | NOUN bracis-28379 1 10 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 1 11 nature nature PROPN bracis-28379 1 12 link link PROPN bracis-28379 1 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 1 14 formerly formerly ADV bracis-28379 1 15 springerlink springerlink NOUN bracis-28379 1 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 1 17 skip skip VERB bracis-28379 1 18 to to ADP bracis-28379 1 19 main main ADJ bracis-28379 1 20 content content NOUN bracis-28379 1 21 advertisement advertisement NOUN bracis-28379 1 22 log log NOUN bracis-28379 1 23 in in ADP bracis-28379 1 24 menu menu NOUN bracis-28379 1 25 find find VERB bracis-28379 1 26 a a DET bracis-28379 1 27 journal journal NOUN bracis-28379 1 28 publish publish VERB bracis-28379 1 29 with with ADP bracis-28379 1 30 us we PRON bracis-28379 1 31 track track VERB bracis-28379 1 32 your your PRON bracis-28379 1 33 research research NOUN bracis-28379 1 34 search search NOUN bracis-28379 1 35 cart cart NOUN bracis-28379 1 36 home home NOUN bracis-28379 1 37 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-28379 1 38 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 1 39 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 1 40 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 1 41 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 1 42 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 1 43 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 1 44 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 1 45 for for ADP bracis-28379 1 46     SPACE bracis-28379 1 47 image image NOUN bracis-28379 1 48 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 1 49 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 1 50 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 1 51 first first ADV bracis-28379 1 52 online online ADV bracis-28379 1 53 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 54 12 12 NUM bracis-28379 1 55 october october NOUN bracis-28379 1 56 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 1 57 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 1 58 63–76 63–76 NUM bracis-28379 1 59 cite cite VERB bracis-28379 1 60 this this DET bracis-28379 1 61 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 1 62 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 1 63 access access NOUN bracis-28379 1 64 provided provide VERB bracis-28379 1 65 by by ADP bracis-28379 1 66 university university PROPN bracis-28379 1 67 of of ADP bracis-28379 1 68 notre notre PROPN bracis-28379 1 69 dame dame PROPN bracis-28379 1 70 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-28379 1 71 library library PROPN bracis-28379 1 72 download download PROPN bracis-28379 1 73 book book NOUN bracis-28379 1 74 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-28379 1 75 download download NOUN bracis-28379 1 76 book book NOUN bracis-28379 1 77 epub epub PROPN bracis-28379 1 78 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-28379 1 79 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 1 80 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 1 81 bracis bracis NOUN bracis-28379 1 82 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 1 83 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 1 84 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 1 85 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 1 86 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 1 87 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 1 88 for for ADP bracis-28379 1 89     SPACE bracis-28379 1 90 image image NOUN bracis-28379 1 91 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 1 92 download download NOUN bracis-28379 1 93 book book NOUN bracis-28379 1 94 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-28379 1 95 download download NOUN bracis-28379 1 96 book book PROPN bracis-28379 1 97 epub epub PROPN bracis-28379 1 98 joão joão PROPN bracis-28379 1 99 pedro pedro PROPN bracis-28379 1 100 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-28379 1 101 batisteli batisteli PROPN bracis-28379 1 102     SPACE bracis-28379 1 103 orcid orcid PROPN bracis-28379 1 104 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 105 orcid.org/0009-0001-7655-95789 orcid.org/0009-0001-7655-95789 ADV bracis-28379 1 106 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 1 107 silvio silvio PROPN bracis-28379 1 108 jamil jamil PROPN bracis-28379 1 109 ferzoli ferzoli PROPN bracis-28379 1 110 guimarães guimarães PROPN bracis-28379 1 111     SPACE bracis-28379 1 112 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-28379 1 113 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 114 orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-20569 orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-20569 PROPN bracis-28379 1 115 & & CCONJ bracis-28379 1 116 zenilton zenilton PROPN bracis-28379 1 117 kleber kleber PROPN bracis-28379 1 118 gonçalves gonçalves PROPN bracis-28379 1 119 do do VERB bracis-28379 1 120 patrocínio patrocínio PROPN bracis-28379 1 121 júnior júnior PROPN bracis-28379 1 122     SPACE bracis-28379 1 123 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-28379 1 124 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 125 orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-17909 orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-17909 NOUN bracis-28379 1 126     SPACE bracis-28379 1 127 part part NOUN bracis-28379 1 128 of of ADP bracis-28379 1 129 the the DET bracis-28379 1 130 book book NOUN bracis-28379 1 131 series series NOUN bracis-28379 1 132 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 133 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-28379 1 134 notes note NOUN bracis-28379 1 135 in in ADP bracis-28379 1 136 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 1 137 science science NOUN bracis-28379 1 138 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 1 139 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 1 140 lnai lnai ADJ bracis-28379 1 141 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 1 142 volume volume NOUN bracis-28379 1 143 14196 14196 NUM bracis-28379 1 144 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 1 145 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 1 146 included include VERB bracis-28379 1 147 in in ADP bracis-28379 1 148 the the DET bracis-28379 1 149 following follow VERB bracis-28379 1 150 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 1 151 series series NOUN bracis-28379 1 152 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 1 153 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-28379 1 154 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 1 155 on on ADP bracis-28379 1 156 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-28379 1 157 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 1 158 562 562 NUM bracis-28379 1 159 accesses access VERB bracis-28379 1 160 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 1 161 citations citation NOUN bracis-28379 1 162 abstract abstract ADJ bracis-28379 1 163 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 1 164 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 1 165 based base VERB bracis-28379 1 166 image image NOUN bracis-28379 1 167 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 1 168 is be AUX bracis-28379 1 169 a a DET bracis-28379 1 170 promising promising ADJ bracis-28379 1 171 research research NOUN bracis-28379 1 172 direction direction NOUN bracis-28379 1 173 that that PRON bracis-28379 1 174 can can AUX bracis-28379 1 175 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 1 176 the the DET bracis-28379 1 177 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 1 178 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 1 179 semantics semantic NOUN bracis-28379 1 180 of of ADP bracis-28379 1 181 images image NOUN bracis-28379 1 182 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 2 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 2 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 2 3 existing exist VERB bracis-28379 2 4 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 2 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 2 6 converting convert VERB bracis-28379 2 7 images image NOUN bracis-28379 2 8 to to ADP bracis-28379 2 9 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 2 10 often often ADV bracis-28379 2 11 fail fail VERB bracis-28379 2 12 to to PART bracis-28379 2 13 preserve preserve VERB bracis-28379 2 14 the the DET bracis-28379 2 15 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 2 16 information information NOUN bracis-28379 2 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 2 18 the the DET bracis-28379 2 19 image image NOUN bracis-28379 2 20 elements element NOUN bracis-28379 2 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 2 22 produce produce VERB bracis-28379 2 23 sub sub ADJ bracis-28379 2 24 - - ADJ bracis-28379 2 25 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-28379 2 26 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 2 27 poor poor ADJ bracis-28379 2 28 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 2 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 3 1 to to PART bracis-28379 3 2 address address VERB bracis-28379 3 3 these these DET bracis-28379 3 4 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-28379 3 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 3 6 we we PRON bracis-28379 3 7 propose propose VERB bracis-28379 3 8 a a DET bracis-28379 3 9 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 3 10 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 3 11 that that PRON bracis-28379 3 12 uses use VERB bracis-28379 3 13 a a DET bracis-28379 3 14 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 3 15 image image NOUN bracis-28379 3 16 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 3 17 technique technique NOUN bracis-28379 3 18 to to PART bracis-28379 3 19 generate generate VERB bracis-28379 3 20 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 3 21 at at ADP bracis-28379 3 22 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 3 23 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 3 24 scales scale NOUN bracis-28379 3 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 3 26 capturing capture VERB bracis-28379 3 27 the the DET bracis-28379 3 28 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 3 29 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 3 30 between between ADP bracis-28379 3 31 image image NOUN bracis-28379 3 32 elements element NOUN bracis-28379 3 33 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 4 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 4 2 also also ADV bracis-28379 4 3 propose propose VERB bracis-28379 4 4 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 4 5 train train VERB bracis-28379 4 6 a a DET bracis-28379 4 7 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 4 8 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 4 9 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 4 10 network network NOUN bracis-28379 4 11 for for ADP bracis-28379 4 12 image image NOUN bracis-28379 4 13 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 4 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 4 15 hgcic hgcic PROPN bracis-28379 4 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 4 17 model model NOUN bracis-28379 4 18 that that PRON bracis-28379 4 19 leverages leverage VERB bracis-28379 4 20 the the DET bracis-28379 4 21 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 4 22 information information NOUN bracis-28379 4 23 with with ADP bracis-28379 4 24 three three NUM bracis-28379 4 25 different different ADJ bracis-28379 4 26 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 4 27 setups setup NOUN bracis-28379 4 28 on on ADP bracis-28379 4 29 the the DET bracis-28379 4 30 cifar-10 cifar-10 PROPN bracis-28379 4 31 database database NOUN bracis-28379 4 32 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 5 1 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-28379 5 2 results result NOUN bracis-28379 5 3 show show VERB bracis-28379 5 4 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 5 5 the the DET bracis-28379 5 6 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 5 7 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 5 8 can can AUX bracis-28379 5 9 achieve achieve VERB bracis-28379 5 10 competitive competitive ADJ bracis-28379 5 11 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 5 12 superior superior ADJ bracis-28379 5 13 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 5 14 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 5 15 to to ADP bracis-28379 5 16 other other ADJ bracis-28379 5 17 state state NOUN bracis-28379 5 18 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 5 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 5 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 5 21 the the DET bracis-28379 5 22 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 5 23 art art NOUN bracis-28379 5 24 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 5 25 while while SCONJ bracis-28379 5 26 using use VERB bracis-28379 5 27 smaller small ADJ bracis-28379 5 28 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 5 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 6 1 code code NOUN bracis-28379 6 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 6 3 available available ADJ bracis-28379 6 4 at at ADP bracis-28379 6 5 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 6 6 https://github.com/imscience-ppginf-pucminas/hgcic https://github.com/imscience-ppginf-pucminas/hgcic NUM bracis-28379 6 7 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 6 8 access access NOUN bracis-28379 6 9 provided provide VERB bracis-28379 6 10 by by ADP bracis-28379 6 11 university university PROPN bracis-28379 6 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 6 13 notre notre PROPN bracis-28379 6 14 dame dame PROPN bracis-28379 6 15 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-28379 6 16 library library PROPN bracis-28379 6 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 7 1 download download PROPN bracis-28379 7 2 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 7 3 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 7 4 pdf pdf NOUN bracis-28379 7 5 similar similar ADJ bracis-28379 7 6 content content NOUN bracis-28379 7 7 being be AUX bracis-28379 7 8 viewed view VERB bracis-28379 7 9 by by ADP bracis-28379 7 10 others other NOUN bracis-28379 7 11 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 7 12 image image NOUN bracis-28379 7 13 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 7 14 based base VERB bracis-28379 7 15 on on ADP bracis-28379 7 16 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 7 17 - - ADJ bracis-28379 7 18 feature feature ADJ bracis-28379 7 19 fusion fusion NOUN bracis-28379 7 20 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 7 21 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 7 22 cut cut VERB bracis-28379 7 23 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-28379 7 24 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-28379 7 25 © © PROPN bracis-28379 7 26 2018 2018 NUM bracis-28379 7 27 image image NOUN bracis-28379 7 28 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 7 29 using use VERB bracis-28379 7 30 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 7 31 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 7 32 based base VERB bracis-28379 7 33 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 7 34 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 7 35 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 7 36 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 7 37 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 7 38 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-28379 7 39 © © PROPN bracis-28379 7 40 2021 2021 NUM bracis-28379 7 41 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 7 42 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 7 43 in in ADP bracis-28379 7 44 image image NOUN bracis-28379 7 45 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 7 46 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-28379 7 47 © © PROPN bracis-28379 7 48 2018 2018 NUM bracis-28379 7 49 explore explore VERB bracis-28379 7 50 related relate VERB bracis-28379 7 51 subjects subject NOUN bracis-28379 7 52 discover discover VERB bracis-28379 7 53 the the DET bracis-28379 7 54 latest late ADJ bracis-28379 7 55 articles article NOUN bracis-28379 7 56 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 7 57 books book NOUN bracis-28379 7 58 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 7 59 news news NOUN bracis-28379 7 60 in in ADP bracis-28379 7 61 related related ADJ bracis-28379 7 62 subjects subject NOUN bracis-28379 7 63 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 7 64 suggested suggest VERB bracis-28379 7 65 using use VERB bracis-28379 7 66 machine machine NOUN bracis-28379 7 67 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 7 68 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 8 1 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 8 2 vision vision NOUN bracis-28379 8 3 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 8 4 theory theory NOUN bracis-28379 8 5 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 8 6 theory theory NOUN bracis-28379 8 7 in in ADP bracis-28379 8 8 probability probability NOUN bracis-28379 8 9 graphemics graphemic NOUN bracis-28379 8 10 image image NOUN bracis-28379 8 11 processing process VERB bracis-28379 8 12 visual visual ADJ bracis-28379 8 13 sociology sociology NOUN bracis-28379 8 14 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 8 15 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-28379 8 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 8 17 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 8 18 based base VERB bracis-28379 8 19 image image NOUN bracis-28379 8 20 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 8 21 is be AUX bracis-28379 8 22 an an DET bracis-28379 8 23 emerging emerge VERB bracis-28379 8 24 research research NOUN bracis-28379 8 25 area area NOUN bracis-28379 8 26 that that PRON bracis-28379 8 27 leverages leverage VERB bracis-28379 8 28 the the DET bracis-28379 8 29 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 8 30 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 8 31 between between ADP bracis-28379 8 32 image image NOUN bracis-28379 8 33 elements element NOUN bracis-28379 8 34 to to PART bracis-28379 8 35 model model VERB bracis-28379 8 36 image image NOUN bracis-28379 8 37 content content NOUN bracis-28379 8 38 more more ADV bracis-28379 8 39 effectively effectively ADV bracis-28379 8 40 [ [ X bracis-28379 8 41 16 16 NUM bracis-28379 8 42 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 8 43 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 9 1 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 9 2 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 9 3 based base VERB bracis-28379 9 4 approaches approach NOUN bracis-28379 9 5 can can AUX bracis-28379 9 6 enhance enhance VERB bracis-28379 9 7 the the DET bracis-28379 9 8 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-28379 9 9 of of ADP bracis-28379 9 10 image image NOUN bracis-28379 9 11 semantics semantic NOUN bracis-28379 9 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 9 13 context context NOUN bracis-28379 9 14 by by ADP bracis-28379 9 15 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-28379 9 16 domain domain NOUN bracis-28379 9 17 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 9 18 specific specific ADJ bracis-28379 9 19 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-28379 9 20 into into ADP bracis-28379 9 21 the the DET bracis-28379 9 22 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 9 23 process process NOUN bracis-28379 9 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 10 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-28379 10 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 10 3 these these DET bracis-28379 10 4 approaches approach NOUN bracis-28379 10 5 can can AUX bracis-28379 10 6 provide provide VERB bracis-28379 10 7 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 10 8 - - ADJ bracis-28379 10 9 scale scale ADJ bracis-28379 10 10 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 10 11 of of ADP bracis-28379 10 12 the the DET bracis-28379 10 13 same same ADJ bracis-28379 10 14 image image NOUN bracis-28379 10 15 [ [ X bracis-28379 10 16 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 10 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 10 18 22 22 NUM bracis-28379 10 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 10 20 23 23 NUM bracis-28379 10 21 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 10 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 10 23 capturing capture VERB bracis-28379 10 24 local local ADJ bracis-28379 10 25 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 10 26 global global ADJ bracis-28379 10 27 information information NOUN bracis-28379 10 28 about about ADP bracis-28379 10 29 its its PRON bracis-28379 10 30 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 10 31 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 11 1 these these DET bracis-28379 11 2 advantages advantage NOUN bracis-28379 11 3 make make VERB bracis-28379 11 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 11 5 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 11 6 based base VERB bracis-28379 11 7 image image NOUN bracis-28379 11 8 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 11 9 appealing appeal VERB bracis-28379 11 10 for for ADP bracis-28379 11 11 various various ADJ bracis-28379 11 12 image image NOUN bracis-28379 11 13 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 11 14 tasks task NOUN bracis-28379 11 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 12 1 applying apply VERB bracis-28379 12 2 machine machine NOUN bracis-28379 12 3 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 12 4 algorithms algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 12 5 to to PART bracis-28379 12 6 graph graph VERB bracis-28379 12 7 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 12 8 presents present NOUN bracis-28379 12 9 unique unique ADJ bracis-28379 12 10 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-28379 12 11 due due ADP bracis-28379 12 12 to to ADP bracis-28379 12 13 its its PRON bracis-28379 12 14 irregularity irregularity NOUN bracis-28379 12 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 12 16 variable variable ADJ bracis-28379 12 17 sizes size NOUN bracis-28379 12 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 12 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 12 20 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-28379 12 21 neighbor neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 12 22 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 12 23     SPACE bracis-28379 13 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 13 2 24 24 NUM bracis-28379 13 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 13 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 14 1 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 14 2 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 14 3 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 14 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 14 5 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 14 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 14 7 have have AUX bracis-28379 14 8 emerged emerge VERB bracis-28379 14 9 to to PART bracis-28379 14 10 address address VERB bracis-28379 14 11 these these DET bracis-28379 14 12 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-28379 14 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 14 14 adapting adapt VERB bracis-28379 14 15 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 14 16 network network NOUN bracis-28379 14 17 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-28379 14 18 to to PART bracis-28379 14 19 process process VERB bracis-28379 14 20 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 14 21 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 14 22 structured structure VERB bracis-28379 14 23 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 14 24 effectively effectively ADV bracis-28379 14 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 15 1 gnns gnns PROPN bracis-28379 15 2 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 15 3 the the DET bracis-28379 15 4 intricate intricate ADJ bracis-28379 15 5 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 15 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 15 7 dependencies dependency NOUN bracis-28379 15 8 between between ADP bracis-28379 15 9 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 15 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 15 11 a a DET bracis-28379 15 12 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 15 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 15 14 leveraging leverage VERB bracis-28379 15 15 information information NOUN bracis-28379 15 16 from from ADP bracis-28379 15 17 neighboring neighboring NOUN bracis-28379 15 18 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 15 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 15 20 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 15 21 to to PART bracis-28379 15 22 encode encode VERB bracis-28379 15 23 local local ADJ bracis-28379 15 24 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 15 25 global global ADJ bracis-28379 15 26 structural structural ADJ bracis-28379 15 27 information information NOUN bracis-28379 15 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 16 1 this this DET bracis-28379 16 2 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 16 3 enables enable VERB bracis-28379 16 4 accurate accurate ADJ bracis-28379 16 5 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-28379 16 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 16 7 improved improved ADJ bracis-28379 16 8 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-28379 16 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 16 10 making make VERB bracis-28379 16 11 gnns gnns ADJ bracis-28379 16 12 ideal ideal NOUN bracis-28379 16 13 for for ADP bracis-28379 16 14 tackling tackle VERB bracis-28379 16 15 various various ADJ bracis-28379 16 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 16 17 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 16 18 based base VERB bracis-28379 16 19 machine machine NOUN bracis-28379 16 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 16 21 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 16 22 problems problem NOUN bracis-28379 16 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 17 1 one one NUM bracis-28379 17 2 of of ADP bracis-28379 17 3 the the DET bracis-28379 17 4 main main ADJ bracis-28379 17 5 applications application NOUN bracis-28379 17 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 17 7 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 17 8 is be AUX bracis-28379 17 9 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 17 10 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 17 11 based base VERB bracis-28379 17 12 image image NOUN bracis-28379 17 13 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 17 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 17 15 which which PRON bracis-28379 17 16 requires require VERB bracis-28379 17 17 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 17 18 images image NOUN bracis-28379 17 19 as as ADP bracis-28379 17 20 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 17 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 18 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 18 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 18 3 this this PRON bracis-28379 18 4 is be AUX bracis-28379 18 5 a a DET bracis-28379 18 6 challenging challenging ADJ bracis-28379 18 7 task task NOUN bracis-28379 18 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 19 1 one one NUM bracis-28379 19 2 common common ADJ bracis-28379 19 3 possibility possibility NOUN bracis-28379 19 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 19 5 literature literature NOUN bracis-28379 19 6 is be AUX bracis-28379 19 7 to to PART bracis-28379 19 8 apply apply VERB bracis-28379 19 9 image image NOUN bracis-28379 19 10 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 19 11 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 19 12 for for ADP bracis-28379 19 13 partitioning partition VERB bracis-28379 19 14 the the DET bracis-28379 19 15 image image NOUN bracis-28379 19 16 into into ADP bracis-28379 19 17 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 19 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 19 19 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 19 20 each each DET bracis-28379 19 21 region region NOUN bracis-28379 19 22 by by ADP bracis-28379 19 23 a a DET bracis-28379 19 24 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 19 25 in in ADP bracis-28379 19 26 a a DET bracis-28379 19 27 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 19 28     SPACE bracis-28379 20 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 20 2 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 20 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 20 4 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 20 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 20 6 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 20 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 20 8 19 19 NUM bracis-28379 20 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 20 10 22 22 NUM bracis-28379 20 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 20 12 23 23 NUM bracis-28379 20 13 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 20 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 21 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-28379 21 2 the the DET bracis-28379 21 3 simplicity simplicity NOUN bracis-28379 21 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 21 5 this this DET bracis-28379 21 6 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 21 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 21 8 it it PRON bracis-28379 21 9 has have VERB bracis-28379 21 10 two two NUM bracis-28379 21 11 important important ADJ bracis-28379 21 12 drawbacks drawback NOUN bracis-28379 21 13 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 21 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 21 15 i i NOUN bracis-28379 21 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 21 17     SPACE bracis-28379 21 18 the the DET bracis-28379 21 19 dependency dependency NOUN bracis-28379 21 20 on on ADP bracis-28379 21 21 the the DET bracis-28379 21 22 quality quality NOUN bracis-28379 21 23 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 21 24 quantity quantity NOUN bracis-28379 21 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 21 26 the the DET bracis-28379 21 27 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 21 28 produced produce VERB bracis-28379 21 29 by by ADP bracis-28379 21 30 the the DET bracis-28379 21 31 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 21 32 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 21 33 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 21 34 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 21 35 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 21 36 ii ii NOUN bracis-28379 21 37 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 21 38     SPACE bracis-28379 21 39 the the DET bracis-28379 21 40 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 21 41 relationship relationship NOUN bracis-28379 21 42 between between ADP bracis-28379 21 43 image image NOUN bracis-28379 21 44 elements element NOUN bracis-28379 21 45 are be AUX bracis-28379 21 46 not not PART bracis-28379 21 47 captured capture VERB bracis-28379 21 48 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 22 1 here here ADV bracis-28379 22 2 we we PRON bracis-28379 22 3 argue argue VERB bracis-28379 22 4 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 22 5 this this DET bracis-28379 22 6 property property NOUN bracis-28379 22 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 22 8 essential essential ADJ bracis-28379 22 9 for for ADP bracis-28379 22 10 effective effective ADJ bracis-28379 22 11 image image NOUN bracis-28379 22 12 reasoning reasoning NOUN bracis-28379 22 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 22 14 which which PRON bracis-28379 22 15 a a DET bracis-28379 22 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 22 17 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 22 18 must must AUX bracis-28379 22 19 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 22 20 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 23 1 it it PRON bracis-28379 23 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 23 3 worth worth ADJ bracis-28379 23 4 mentioning mention VERB bracis-28379 23 5 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 23 6 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 23 7 information information NOUN bracis-28379 23 8 could could AUX bracis-28379 23 9 be be AUX bracis-28379 23 10 seen see VERB bracis-28379 23 11 as as ADP bracis-28379 23 12 a a DET bracis-28379 23 13 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 23 14 - - ADJ bracis-28379 23 15 scale scale ADJ bracis-28379 23 16 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 23 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 24 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-28379 24 2     SPACE bracis-28379 24 3 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 24 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-28379 24 5 failures failure NOUN bracis-28379 24 6 in in ADP bracis-28379 24 7 image image NOUN bracis-28379 24 8 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 24 9 when when SCONJ bracis-28379 24 10 the the DET bracis-28379 24 11 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 24 12 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 24 13 is be AUX bracis-28379 24 14 disregarded disregard VERB bracis-28379 24 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 24 16 all all DET bracis-28379 24 17 cases case NOUN bracis-28379 24 18 were be AUX bracis-28379 24 19 classified classify VERB bracis-28379 24 20 as as ADP bracis-28379 24 21 airplanes airplane NOUN bracis-28379 24 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 24 23 using use VERB bracis-28379 24 24     SPACE bracis-28379 24 25 [ [ SYM bracis-28379 24 26 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 24 27 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 24 28 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 24 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 24 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 25 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-28379 25 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 26 1 1 1 X bracis-28379 26 2 . . X bracis-28379 26 3 examples example NOUN bracis-28379 26 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 26 5 images image NOUN bracis-28379 26 6 classified classify VERB bracis-28379 26 7 as as ADP bracis-28379 26 8 airplanes airplane NOUN bracis-28379 26 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 26 10 according accord VERB bracis-28379 26 11 to to ADP bracis-28379 26 12     SPACE bracis-28379 26 13 [ [ X bracis-28379 26 14 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 26 15 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 26 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 27 1 full full ADJ bracis-28379 27 2 size size NOUN bracis-28379 27 3 image image NOUN bracis-28379 27 4 to to PART bracis-28379 27 5 overcome overcome VERB bracis-28379 27 6 the the DET bracis-28379 27 7 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-28379 27 8 of of ADP bracis-28379 27 9 existing exist VERB bracis-28379 27 10 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 27 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 27 12 we we PRON bracis-28379 27 13 propose propose VERB bracis-28379 27 14 a a DET bracis-28379 27 15 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 27 16 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 27 17 that that PRON bracis-28379 27 18 leverages leverage VERB bracis-28379 27 19 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 27 20 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 27 21 techniques technique NOUN bracis-28379 27 22 to to PART bracis-28379 27 23 generate generate VERB bracis-28379 27 24 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 27 25 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 27 26 for for ADP bracis-28379 27 27 image image NOUN bracis-28379 27 28 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 27 29 from from ADP bracis-28379 27 30 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 27 31 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 27 32 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 28 1 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 28 2 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 28 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 28 4 a a DET bracis-28379 28 5 well well ADV bracis-28379 28 6 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 28 7 established establish VERB bracis-28379 28 8 technique technique NOUN bracis-28379 28 9 in in ADP bracis-28379 28 10 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 28 11 vision vision NOUN bracis-28379 28 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 28 13 image image NOUN bracis-28379 28 14 processing processing NOUN bracis-28379 28 15 [ [ X bracis-28379 28 16 6 6 NUM bracis-28379 28 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 28 18 7 7 NUM bracis-28379 28 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 28 20 13 13 NUM bracis-28379 28 21 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 28 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 28 23 enabling enable VERB bracis-28379 28 24 the the DET bracis-28379 28 25 identification identification NOUN bracis-28379 28 26 of of ADP bracis-28379 28 27 objects object NOUN bracis-28379 28 28 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 28 29 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 28 30 within within ADP bracis-28379 28 31 an an DET bracis-28379 28 32 image image NOUN bracis-28379 28 33 based base VERB bracis-28379 28 34 on on ADP bracis-28379 28 35 their their PRON bracis-28379 28 36 visual visual ADJ bracis-28379 28 37 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-28379 28 38 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 29 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-28379 29 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 29 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 29 4 method method NOUN bracis-28379 29 5 allows allow VERB bracis-28379 29 6 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-28379 29 7 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 29 8 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 29 9 between between ADP bracis-28379 29 10 image image NOUN bracis-28379 29 11 elements element NOUN bracis-28379 29 12 into into ADP bracis-28379 29 13 the the DET bracis-28379 29 14 resulting result VERB bracis-28379 29 15 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 29 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 29 17 facilitating facilitate VERB bracis-28379 29 18 image image NOUN bracis-28379 29 19 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 29 20 tasks task NOUN bracis-28379 29 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 30 1 more more ADV bracis-28379 30 2 specifically specifically ADV bracis-28379 30 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 30 4 the the DET bracis-28379 30 5 idea idea NOUN bracis-28379 30 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 30 7 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 30 8 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 30 9 is be AUX bracis-28379 30 10 similar similar ADJ bracis-28379 30 11 to to ADP bracis-28379 30 12 generating generate VERB bracis-28379 30 13 a a DET bracis-28379 30 14 set set NOUN bracis-28379 30 15 of of ADP bracis-28379 30 16 image image NOUN bracis-28379 30 17 segmentations segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 30 18 at at ADP bracis-28379 30 19 different different ADJ bracis-28379 30 20 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 30 21 of of ADP bracis-28379 30 22 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 30 23 with with ADP bracis-28379 30 24 respect respect NOUN bracis-28379 30 25 to to ADP bracis-28379 30 26 the the DET bracis-28379 30 27 principles principle NOUN bracis-28379 30 28 of of ADP bracis-28379 30 29 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 30 30 - - ADJ bracis-28379 30 31 scale scale ADJ bracis-28379 30 32 image image NOUN bracis-28379 30 33 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 30 34     SPACE bracis-28379 31 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 31 2 12 12 NUM bracis-28379 31 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 31 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 32 1 by by ADP bracis-28379 32 2 adopting adopt VERB bracis-28379 32 3 this this DET bracis-28379 32 4 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 32 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 32 6 we we PRON bracis-28379 32 7 argue argue VERB bracis-28379 32 8 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 32 9 we we PRON bracis-28379 32 10 can can AUX bracis-28379 32 11 effectively effectively ADV bracis-28379 32 12 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 32 13 the the DET bracis-28379 32 14 rich rich ADJ bracis-28379 32 15 structural structural ADJ bracis-28379 32 16 information information NOUN bracis-28379 32 17 in in ADP bracis-28379 32 18 the the DET bracis-28379 32 19 image image NOUN bracis-28379 32 20 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 32 21 encode encode VERB bracis-28379 32 22 it it PRON bracis-28379 32 23 in in ADP bracis-28379 32 24 the the DET bracis-28379 32 25 resulting result VERB bracis-28379 32 26 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 32 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 33 1 thus thus ADV bracis-28379 33 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 33 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 33 4 proposal proposal NOUN bracis-28379 33 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 33 6 image image NOUN bracis-28379 33 7 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 33 8 uses use VERB bracis-28379 33 9 a a DET bracis-28379 33 10 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 33 11 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 33 12 method method NOUN bracis-28379 33 13 to to PART bracis-28379 33 14 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 33 15 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 33 16 information information NOUN bracis-28379 33 17 for for ADP bracis-28379 33 18 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 33 19 image image NOUN bracis-28379 33 20 data data NOUN bracis-28379 33 21 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 33 22 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 34 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 34 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 3 in in ADP bracis-28379 34 4 some some DET bracis-28379 34 5 cases case NOUN bracis-28379 34 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 7 while while SCONJ bracis-28379 34 8 working work VERB bracis-28379 34 9 on on ADP bracis-28379 34 10 raw raw ADJ bracis-28379 34 11 images image NOUN bracis-28379 34 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 13 noise noise NOUN bracis-28379 34 14 may may AUX bracis-28379 34 15 produce produce VERB bracis-28379 34 16 poor poor ADJ bracis-28379 34 17 results result NOUN bracis-28379 34 18 in in ADP bracis-28379 34 19 image image NOUN bracis-28379 34 20 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 34 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 22 for for ADP bracis-28379 34 23 that that PRON bracis-28379 34 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 25 in in ADP bracis-28379 34 26 this this DET bracis-28379 34 27 work work NOUN bracis-28379 34 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 29 instead instead ADV bracis-28379 34 30 of of ADP bracis-28379 34 31 using use VERB bracis-28379 34 32 raw raw ADJ bracis-28379 34 33 images image NOUN bracis-28379 34 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 34 35 we we PRON bracis-28379 34 36 generate generate VERB bracis-28379 34 37 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 34 38 from from ADP bracis-28379 34 39 them they PRON bracis-28379 34 40 to to PART bracis-28379 34 41 produce produce VERB bracis-28379 34 42 homogeneous homogeneous ADJ bracis-28379 34 43 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 34 44 concise concise ADJ bracis-28379 34 45 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 34 46 in in ADP bracis-28379 34 47 conjunction conjunction NOUN bracis-28379 34 48 with with ADP bracis-28379 34 49 good good ADJ bracis-28379 34 50 object object NOUN bracis-28379 34 51 delineation delineation NOUN bracis-28379 34 52 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 35 1 from from ADP bracis-28379 35 2 these these DET bracis-28379 35 3 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 35 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 35 5 region region NOUN bracis-28379 35 6 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 35 7 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 35 8 are be AUX bracis-28379 35 9 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 35 10 for for ADP bracis-28379 35 11 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 35 12 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 35 13 images image NOUN bracis-28379 35 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 36 1 to to PART bracis-28379 36 2 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-28379 36 3 the the DET bracis-28379 36 4 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-28379 36 5 of of ADP bracis-28379 36 6 our our PRON bracis-28379 36 7 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 36 8 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 36 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 36 10 we we PRON bracis-28379 36 11 conducted conduct VERB bracis-28379 36 12 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 36 13 using use VERB bracis-28379 36 14 images image NOUN bracis-28379 36 15 from from ADP bracis-28379 36 16 the the DET bracis-28379 36 17 cifar-10 cifar-10 PROPN bracis-28379 36 18 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-28379 36 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 36 20 leveraging leverage VERB bracis-28379 36 21 our our PRON bracis-28379 36 22 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 36 23 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 36 24 technique technique NOUN bracis-28379 36 25 from from ADP bracis-28379 36 26 the the DET bracis-28379 36 27 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 36 28 images image NOUN bracis-28379 36 29 to to PART bracis-28379 36 30 generate generate VERB bracis-28379 36 31 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 36 32 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 37 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 37 2 also also ADV bracis-28379 37 3 introduce introduce VERB bracis-28379 37 4 a a DET bracis-28379 37 5 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 37 6 model model NOUN bracis-28379 37 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 37 8 the the DET bracis-28379 37 9 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 37 10 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 37 11 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 37 12 network network NOUN bracis-28379 37 13 for for ADP bracis-28379 37 14 image image NOUN bracis-28379 37 15 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 37 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 37 17 hgcic hgcic PROPN bracis-28379 37 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 37 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 37 20 that that PRON bracis-28379 37 21 can can AUX bracis-28379 37 22 effectively effectively ADV bracis-28379 37 23 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 37 24 from from ADP bracis-28379 37 25 the the DET bracis-28379 37 26 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 37 27 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 37 28 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 37 29 classify classify VERB bracis-28379 37 30 images image NOUN bracis-28379 37 31 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 38 1 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 38 2 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-28379 38 3 promising promising ADJ bracis-28379 38 4 results result NOUN bracis-28379 38 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 38 6 outperforming outperform VERB bracis-28379 38 7 some some DET bracis-28379 38 8 state state NOUN bracis-28379 38 9 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 38 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 38 11 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 38 12 the the DET bracis-28379 38 13 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 38 14 art art NOUN bracis-28379 38 15 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 38 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 38 17 highlighting highlight VERB bracis-28379 38 18 the the DET bracis-28379 38 19 model model NOUN bracis-28379 38 20 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 38 21 the the DET bracis-28379 38 22 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 38 23 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 38 24 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-28379 38 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 39 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-28379 39 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 39 3 the the DET bracis-28379 39 4 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 39 5 used use VERB bracis-28379 39 6 to to PART bracis-28379 39 7 train train VERB bracis-28379 39 8 our our PRON bracis-28379 39 9 model model NOUN bracis-28379 39 10 have have VERB bracis-28379 39 11 a a DET bracis-28379 39 12 much much ADV bracis-28379 39 13 smaller small ADJ bracis-28379 39 14 number number NOUN bracis-28379 39 15 of of ADP bracis-28379 39 16 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 39 17 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 39 18 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 39 19 than than ADP bracis-28379 39 20 those those PRON bracis-28379 39 21 utilized utilize VERB bracis-28379 39 22 in in ADP bracis-28379 39 23 other other ADJ bracis-28379 39 24 works work NOUN bracis-28379 39 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 39 26 reducing reduce VERB bracis-28379 39 27 the the DET bracis-28379 39 28 computational computational ADJ bracis-28379 39 29 complexity complexity NOUN bracis-28379 39 30 of of ADP bracis-28379 39 31 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 39 32 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 39 33 speeding speed VERB bracis-28379 39 34 up up ADP bracis-28379 39 35 the the DET bracis-28379 39 36 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 39 37 process process NOUN bracis-28379 39 38 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 40 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 40 2 can can AUX bracis-28379 40 3 briefly briefly ADV bracis-28379 40 4 describe describe VERB bracis-28379 40 5 the the DET bracis-28379 40 6 two two NUM bracis-28379 40 7 major major ADJ bracis-28379 40 8 contributions contribution NOUN bracis-28379 40 9 of of ADP bracis-28379 40 10 this this DET bracis-28379 40 11 work work NOUN bracis-28379 40 12 to to ADP bracis-28379 40 13 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 40 14 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 40 15 based base VERB bracis-28379 40 16 image image NOUN bracis-28379 40 17 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 40 18 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 40 19 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 40 20 i i NOUN bracis-28379 40 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 40 22     SPACE bracis-28379 40 23 the the DET bracis-28379 40 24 proposition proposition NOUN bracis-28379 40 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 40 26 a a DET bracis-28379 40 27 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 40 28 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 40 29 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 40 30 method method NOUN bracis-28379 40 31 that that PRON bracis-28379 40 32 leverages leverage VERB bracis-28379 40 33 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 40 34 image image NOUN bracis-28379 40 35 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 40 36 to to PART bracis-28379 40 37 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 40 38 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 40 39 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 40 40 of of ADP bracis-28379 40 41 the the DET bracis-28379 40 42 underlying underlie VERB bracis-28379 40 43 image image NOUN bracis-28379 40 44 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 40 45 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 40 46 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 40 47 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 40 48 ii ii NOUN bracis-28379 40 49 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 40 50     SPACE bracis-28379 40 51 the the DET bracis-28379 40 52 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-28379 40 53 of of ADP bracis-28379 40 54 a a DET bracis-28379 40 55 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 40 56 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 40 57 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 40 58 network network NOUN bracis-28379 40 59 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 40 60 gcn gcn NOUN bracis-28379 40 61 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 40 62 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 40 63 that that PRON bracis-28379 40 64 can can AUX bracis-28379 40 65 extract extract VERB bracis-28379 40 66 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 40 67 use use VERB bracis-28379 40 68 the the DET bracis-28379 40 69 essential essential ADJ bracis-28379 40 70 information information NOUN bracis-28379 40 71 from from ADP bracis-28379 40 72 our our PRON bracis-28379 40 73 new new ADJ bracis-28379 40 74 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 40 75 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 40 76 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 41 1 this this DET bracis-28379 41 2 work work NOUN bracis-28379 41 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 41 4 organized organize VERB bracis-28379 41 5 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 41 6 follows follow VERB bracis-28379 41 7 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 42 1 section section NOUN bracis-28379 42 2     SPACE bracis-28379 42 3 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 42 4 presents present VERB bracis-28379 42 5 some some DET bracis-28379 42 6 related related ADJ bracis-28379 42 7 works work NOUN bracis-28379 42 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 43 1 section section NOUN bracis-28379 43 2     SPACE bracis-28379 43 3 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 43 4 describes describe VERB bracis-28379 43 5 the the DET bracis-28379 43 6 most most ADV bracis-28379 43 7 important important ADJ bracis-28379 43 8 concepts concept NOUN bracis-28379 43 9 needed need VERB bracis-28379 43 10 for for ADP bracis-28379 43 11 understanding understand VERB bracis-28379 43 12 the the DET bracis-28379 43 13 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 43 14 method method NOUN bracis-28379 43 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 44 1 section section NOUN bracis-28379 44 2     SPACE bracis-28379 44 3 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 44 4 presents present VERB bracis-28379 44 5 a a DET bracis-28379 44 6 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 44 7 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 44 8 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 44 9 network network NOUN bracis-28379 44 10 for for ADP bracis-28379 44 11 classifying classify VERB bracis-28379 44 12 images image NOUN bracis-28379 44 13 based base VERB bracis-28379 44 14 on on ADP bracis-28379 44 15 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 44 16 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 44 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 45 1 section section NOUN bracis-28379 45 2     SPACE bracis-28379 45 3 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 45 4 describes describe VERB bracis-28379 45 5 the the DET bracis-28379 45 6 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 45 7 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 45 8 some some DET bracis-28379 45 9 comparative comparative ADJ bracis-28379 45 10 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 45 11 of of ADP bracis-28379 45 12 the the DET bracis-28379 45 13 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 45 14 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 45 15 to to ADP bracis-28379 45 16 the the DET bracis-28379 45 17 state state NOUN bracis-28379 45 18 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 45 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 45 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 45 21 the the DET bracis-28379 45 22 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 45 23 art art NOUN bracis-28379 45 24 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 45 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 46 1 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 46 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 46 3 finally finally ADV bracis-28379 46 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 46 5 in in ADP bracis-28379 46 6 sect sect NOUN bracis-28379 46 7 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 46 8     SPACE bracis-28379 47 1 6 6 NUM bracis-28379 47 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 47 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 47 4 have have AUX bracis-28379 47 5 drawn draw VERB bracis-28379 47 6 some some DET bracis-28379 47 7 conclusions conclusion NOUN bracis-28379 47 8 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 47 9 present present VERB bracis-28379 47 10 some some DET bracis-28379 47 11 further further ADJ bracis-28379 47 12 work work NOUN bracis-28379 47 13 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 48 1 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 48 2 related relate VERB bracis-28379 48 3 works work NOUN bracis-28379 48 4 superpixel superpixel VERB bracis-28379 48 5 image image NOUN bracis-28379 48 6 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 48 7 could could AUX bracis-28379 48 8 be be AUX bracis-28379 48 9 seen see VERB bracis-28379 48 10 as as ADP bracis-28379 48 11 a a DET bracis-28379 48 12 fundamental fundamental ADJ bracis-28379 48 13 task task NOUN bracis-28379 48 14 in in ADP bracis-28379 48 15 image image NOUN bracis-28379 48 16 processing processing NOUN bracis-28379 48 17 that that PRON bracis-28379 48 18 divides divide VERB bracis-28379 48 19 an an DET bracis-28379 48 20 image image NOUN bracis-28379 48 21 into into ADP bracis-28379 48 22 homogeneous homogeneous ADJ bracis-28379 48 23 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 48 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 49 1 this this DET bracis-28379 49 2 process process NOUN bracis-28379 49 3 can can AUX bracis-28379 49 4 reduce reduce VERB bracis-28379 49 5 the the DET bracis-28379 49 6 complexity complexity NOUN bracis-28379 49 7 of of ADP bracis-28379 49 8 an an DET bracis-28379 49 9 image image NOUN bracis-28379 49 10 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 49 11 provide provide VERB bracis-28379 49 12 a a DET bracis-28379 49 13 more more ADV bracis-28379 49 14 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-28379 49 15 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 49 16 for for ADP bracis-28379 49 17 further further ADJ bracis-28379 49 18 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 49 19 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 50 1 by by ADP bracis-28379 50 2 treating treat VERB bracis-28379 50 3 these these DET bracis-28379 50 4 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 50 5 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 50 6 segments segment NOUN bracis-28379 50 7 as as ADP bracis-28379 50 8 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 50 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 50 10 we we PRON bracis-28379 50 11 can can AUX bracis-28379 50 12 transform transform VERB bracis-28379 50 13 the the DET bracis-28379 50 14 image image NOUN bracis-28379 50 15 into into ADP bracis-28379 50 16 a a DET bracis-28379 50 17 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 50 18 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 50 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 50 20 which which PRON bracis-28379 50 21 can can AUX bracis-28379 50 22 facilitate facilitate VERB bracis-28379 50 23 the the DET bracis-28379 50 24 use use NOUN bracis-28379 50 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 50 26 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 50 27 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 50 28 based base VERB bracis-28379 50 29 algorithms algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 50 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 51 1 a a DET bracis-28379 51 2 common common ADJ bracis-28379 51 3 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-28379 51 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 51 5 literature literature NOUN bracis-28379 51 6 for for ADP bracis-28379 51 7 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 51 8 images image NOUN bracis-28379 51 9 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 51 10 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 51 11 is be AUX bracis-28379 51 12 based base VERB bracis-28379 51 13 on on ADP bracis-28379 51 14 considering consider VERB bracis-28379 51 15 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 51 16 as as ADP bracis-28379 51 17 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 51 18     SPACE bracis-28379 52 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 52 2 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 52 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 52 4 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 52 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 52 6 11 11 NUM bracis-28379 52 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 52 8 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 52 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 52 10 20 20 NUM bracis-28379 52 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 52 12 22 22 NUM bracis-28379 52 13 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 52 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 53 1 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 53 2 are be AUX bracis-28379 53 3 groups group NOUN bracis-28379 53 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 53 5 pixels pixel NOUN bracis-28379 53 6 into into ADP bracis-28379 53 7 perceptually perceptually ADV bracis-28379 53 8 meaningful meaningful ADJ bracis-28379 53 9 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 53 10 based base VERB bracis-28379 53 11 on on ADP bracis-28379 53 12 similarity similarity NOUN bracis-28379 53 13 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-28379 53 14 like like ADP bracis-28379 53 15 color color NOUN bracis-28379 53 16 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 53 17 location location NOUN bracis-28379 53 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 54 1 this this DET bracis-28379 54 2 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 54 3 leverages leverage VERB bracis-28379 54 4 the the DET bracis-28379 54 5 flexibility flexibility NOUN bracis-28379 54 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 54 7 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 54 8 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 54 9 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 54 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 54 11 which which PRON bracis-28379 54 12 can can AUX bracis-28379 54 13 handle handle VERB bracis-28379 54 14 irregular irregular ADJ bracis-28379 54 15 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 54 16 with with ADP bracis-28379 54 17 different different ADJ bracis-28379 54 18 shapes shape NOUN bracis-28379 54 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 54 20 sizes size NOUN bracis-28379 54 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 55 1 other other ADJ bracis-28379 55 2 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 55 3 include include VERB bracis-28379 55 4 splitting split VERB bracis-28379 55 5 the the DET bracis-28379 55 6 images image NOUN bracis-28379 55 7 into into ADP bracis-28379 55 8 fixed fix VERB bracis-28379 55 9 patches patch NOUN bracis-28379 55 10 viewed view VERB bracis-28379 55 11 as as ADP bracis-28379 55 12 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 55 13 [ [ X bracis-28379 55 14 14 14 NUM bracis-28379 55 15 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 55 16 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 55 17 interpreting interpret VERB bracis-28379 55 18 each each DET bracis-28379 55 19 pixel pixel NOUN bracis-28379 55 20 as as ADP bracis-28379 55 21 a a DET bracis-28379 55 22 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 55 23 [ [ X bracis-28379 55 24 8 8 NUM bracis-28379 55 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 55 26 20 20 NUM bracis-28379 55 27 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 55 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 56 1 some some DET bracis-28379 56 2 works work NOUN bracis-28379 56 3 also also ADV bracis-28379 56 4 explore explore VERB bracis-28379 56 5 multiscale multiscale ADJ bracis-28379 56 6 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 56 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 56 8 from from ADP bracis-28379 56 9 image image NOUN bracis-28379 56 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 56 11 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 56 12 to to PART bracis-28379 56 13 achieve achieve VERB bracis-28379 56 14 better well ADJ bracis-28379 56 15 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 56 16 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 56 17 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 56 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 57 1 multiscale multiscale ADJ bracis-28379 57 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 57 3 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 57 4 image image NOUN bracis-28379 57 5 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 57 6 can can AUX bracis-28379 57 7 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 57 8 different different ADJ bracis-28379 57 9 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 57 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 57 11 details detail NOUN bracis-28379 57 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 57 13 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 57 14 from from ADP bracis-28379 57 15 the the DET bracis-28379 57 16 image image NOUN bracis-28379 57 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 58 1 for for ADP bracis-28379 58 2 instance instance NOUN bracis-28379 58 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 58 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 58 5     SPACE bracis-28379 58 6 [ [ X bracis-28379 58 7 22 22 NUM bracis-28379 58 8 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 58 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 58 10 the the DET bracis-28379 58 11 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 58 12 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 58 13 a a DET bracis-28379 58 14 novel novel ADJ bracis-28379 58 15 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 58 16 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 58 17 that that PRON bracis-28379 58 18 produces produce VERB bracis-28379 58 19 segments segment NOUN bracis-28379 58 20 with with ADP bracis-28379 58 21 a a DET bracis-28379 58 22 wide wide ADJ bracis-28379 58 23 size size NOUN bracis-28379 58 24 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-28379 58 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 58 26 allowing allow VERB bracis-28379 58 27 a a DET bracis-28379 58 28 more more ADV bracis-28379 58 29 flexible flexible ADJ bracis-28379 58 30 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 58 31 of of ADP bracis-28379 58 32 an an DET bracis-28379 58 33 image image NOUN bracis-28379 58 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 58 35 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 58 36 it it PRON bracis-28379 58 37 can can AUX bracis-28379 58 38 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 58 39 fine fine ADJ bracis-28379 58 40 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 58 41 coarse coarse ADJ bracis-28379 58 42 details detail NOUN bracis-28379 58 43 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 59 1 the the DET bracis-28379 59 2 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 59 3 in in ADP bracis-28379 59 4     SPACE bracis-28379 59 5 [ [ X bracis-28379 59 6 23 23 NUM bracis-28379 59 7 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 59 8 model model ADJ bracis-28379 59 9 hyperspectral hyperspectral ADJ bracis-28379 59 10 images image NOUN bracis-28379 59 11 as as ADP bracis-28379 59 12 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 59 13 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 59 14 with with ADP bracis-28379 59 15 different different ADJ bracis-28379 59 16 neighborhood neighborhood NOUN bracis-28379 59 17 scales scale NOUN bracis-28379 59 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 59 19 propose propose VERB bracis-28379 59 20 a a DET bracis-28379 59 21 dynamic dynamic ADJ bracis-28379 59 22 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 59 23 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-28379 59 24 operation operation NOUN bracis-28379 59 25 that that PRON bracis-28379 59 26 updates update VERB bracis-28379 59 27 the the DET bracis-28379 59 28 similarity similarity NOUN bracis-28379 59 29 measures measure NOUN bracis-28379 59 30 among among ADP bracis-28379 59 31 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 59 32 by by ADP bracis-28379 59 33 fusing fuse VERB bracis-28379 59 34 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 59 35 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-28379 59 36 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 60 1 to to ADP bracis-28379 60 2 the the DET bracis-28379 60 3 best good ADJ bracis-28379 60 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 60 5 our our PRON bracis-28379 60 6 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-28379 60 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 60 8 the the DET bracis-28379 60 9 work work NOUN bracis-28379 60 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 60 11     SPACE bracis-28379 60 12 [ [ X bracis-28379 60 13 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 60 14 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 60 15 is be AUX bracis-28379 60 16 the the DET bracis-28379 60 17 only only ADJ bracis-28379 60 18 one one NUM bracis-28379 60 19 that that PRON bracis-28379 60 20 has have AUX bracis-28379 60 21 used use VERB bracis-28379 60 22 a a DET bracis-28379 60 23 multiscale multiscale ADJ bracis-28379 60 24 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 60 25 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 60 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 60 27 in in ADP bracis-28379 60 28 which which PRON bracis-28379 60 29 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 60 30 are be AUX bracis-28379 60 31 obtained obtain VERB bracis-28379 60 32 at at ADP bracis-28379 60 33 several several ADJ bracis-28379 60 34 scales scale NOUN bracis-28379 60 35 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 60 36 different different ADJ bracis-28379 60 37 types type NOUN bracis-28379 60 38 of of ADP bracis-28379 60 39 relations relation NOUN bracis-28379 60 40 between between ADP bracis-28379 60 41 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 60 42 are be AUX bracis-28379 60 43 explored explore VERB bracis-28379 60 44 to to PART bracis-28379 60 45 improve improve VERB bracis-28379 60 46 the the DET bracis-28379 60 47 model model NOUN bracis-28379 60 48 expressiveness expressiveness NOUN bracis-28379 60 49 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 61 1 the the DET bracis-28379 61 2 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 61 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 61 4 the the DET bracis-28379 61 5 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 61 6 are be AUX bracis-28379 61 7 also also ADV bracis-28379 61 8 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-28379 61 9 for for ADP bracis-28379 61 10 constructing construct VERB bracis-28379 61 11 the the DET bracis-28379 61 12 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 61 13 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 61 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 61 15 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 61 16 they they PRON bracis-28379 61 17 enable enable VERB bracis-28379 61 18 the the DET bracis-28379 61 19 message message NOUN bracis-28379 61 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 61 21 passing pass VERB bracis-28379 61 22 mechanism mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 61 23 of of ADP bracis-28379 61 24 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 61 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 62 1 the the DET bracis-28379 62 2 message message NOUN bracis-28379 62 3 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 62 4 passing pass VERB bracis-28379 62 5 mechanism mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 62 6 updates update VERB bracis-28379 62 7 the the DET bracis-28379 62 8 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 62 9 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 62 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 62 11 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 62 12 by by ADP bracis-28379 62 13 exchanging exchange VERB bracis-28379 62 14 information information NOUN bracis-28379 62 15 with with ADP bracis-28379 62 16 neighboring neighboring NOUN bracis-28379 62 17 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 62 18 through through ADP bracis-28379 62 19 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 62 20 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 63 1 one one NUM bracis-28379 63 2 natural natural ADJ bracis-28379 63 3 way way NOUN bracis-28379 63 4 to to PART bracis-28379 63 5 build build VERB bracis-28379 63 6 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 63 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 63 8 using use VERB bracis-28379 63 9 a a DET bracis-28379 63 10 region region NOUN bracis-28379 63 11 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 63 12 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 63 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 63 14 rag rag NOUN bracis-28379 63 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 63 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 63 17 in in ADP bracis-28379 63 18 which which PRON bracis-28379 63 19 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 63 20 are be AUX bracis-28379 63 21 created create VERB bracis-28379 63 22 between between ADP bracis-28379 63 23 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 63 24 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 63 25     SPACE bracis-28379 64 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 64 2 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 64 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 64 4 22 22 NUM bracis-28379 64 5 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 64 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 65 1 another another DET bracis-28379 65 2 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-28379 65 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 65 4 constructing construct VERB bracis-28379 65 5 k k ADJ bracis-28379 65 6 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 65 7 nearest near ADJ bracis-28379 65 8 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 65 9 based base VERB bracis-28379 65 10 on on ADP bracis-28379 65 11 the the DET bracis-28379 65 12 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 65 13 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 65 14 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 65 15 and/or and/or CCONJ bracis-28379 65 16 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 65 17 distances distance NOUN bracis-28379 65 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 65 19 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 65 20 used use VERB bracis-28379 65 21 in in ADP bracis-28379 65 22 [ [ X bracis-28379 65 23 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 65 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 65 25 14 14 NUM bracis-28379 65 26 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 65 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 66 1 both both DET bracis-28379 66 2 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 66 3 have have AUX bracis-28379 66 4 shown show VERB bracis-28379 66 5 promising promising ADJ bracis-28379 66 6 results result NOUN bracis-28379 66 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 66 8 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 66 9 their their PRON bracis-28379 66 10 choice choice NOUN bracis-28379 66 11 mainly mainly ADV bracis-28379 66 12 depends depend VERB bracis-28379 66 13 on on ADP bracis-28379 66 14 the the DET bracis-28379 66 15 problem problem NOUN bracis-28379 66 16 requirements requirement NOUN bracis-28379 66 17 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 66 18 the the DET bracis-28379 66 19 properties property NOUN bracis-28379 66 20 of of ADP bracis-28379 66 21 the the DET bracis-28379 66 22 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 66 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 67 1 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 67 2 theoretical theoretical ADJ bracis-28379 67 3 background background NOUN bracis-28379 67 4 3.1 3.1 NUM bracis-28379 67 5 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 67 6 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 67 7 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 67 8 graph graph VERB bracis-28379 67 9 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 67 10 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 67 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 67 12 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 67 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 67 14 can can AUX bracis-28379 67 15 be be AUX bracis-28379 67 16 divided divide VERB bracis-28379 67 17 into into ADP bracis-28379 67 18 two two NUM bracis-28379 67 19 types type NOUN bracis-28379 67 20 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 67 21 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 67 22 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 67 23 spectral spectral ADJ bracis-28379 67 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 68 1 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 68 2 gnns gnns PROPN bracis-28379 68 3 work work VERB bracis-28379 68 4 directly directly ADV bracis-28379 68 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 68 6 the the DET bracis-28379 68 7 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 68 8 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 68 9 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 68 10 compute compute ADJ bracis-28379 68 11 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 68 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 68 13 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 68 14 maybe maybe ADV bracis-28379 68 15 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 68 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 68 17 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 68 18 using use VERB bracis-28379 68 19 information information NOUN bracis-28379 68 20 from from ADP bracis-28379 68 21 their their PRON bracis-28379 68 22 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 68 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 69 1 spectral spectral ADJ bracis-28379 69 2 gnns gnn NOUN bracis-28379 69 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 69 4 on on ADP bracis-28379 69 5 the the DET bracis-28379 69 6 other other ADJ bracis-28379 69 7 hand hand NOUN bracis-28379 69 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 69 9 function function VERB bracis-28379 69 10 on on ADP bracis-28379 69 11 the the DET bracis-28379 69 12 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 69 13 spectral spectral ADJ bracis-28379 69 14 domain domain NOUN bracis-28379 69 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 70 1 they they PRON bracis-28379 70 2 utilize utilize VERB bracis-28379 70 3 the the DET bracis-28379 70 4 eigenvectors eigenvector NOUN bracis-28379 70 5 of of ADP bracis-28379 70 6 the the DET bracis-28379 70 7 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 70 8 laplacian laplacian ADJ bracis-28379 70 9 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-28379 70 10 as as ADP bracis-28379 70 11 the the DET bracis-28379 70 12 foundation foundation NOUN bracis-28379 70 13 for for ADP bracis-28379 70 14 representing represent VERB bracis-28379 70 15 the the DET bracis-28379 70 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 70 17 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 70 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 71 1 this this DET bracis-28379 71 2 work work NOUN bracis-28379 71 3 focuses focus VERB bracis-28379 71 4 solely solely ADV bracis-28379 71 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 71 6 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 71 7 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 71 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 72 1 the the DET bracis-28379 72 2 input input NOUN bracis-28379 72 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 72 4 each each DET bracis-28379 72 5 gnn gnn NOUN bracis-28379 72 6 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 72 7 are be AUX bracis-28379 72 8 the the DET bracis-28379 72 9 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 72 10 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 72 11 vectors vector NOUN bracis-28379 72 12 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 72 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 72 14 \{h_{u}\in \{h_{u}\in X bracis-28379 72 15 \mathbb \mathbb PROPN bracis-28379 72 16 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 72 17 r}^{d}\;|\ r}^{d}\;|\ NOUN bracis-28379 72 18 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 72 19 u u PROPN bracis-28379 72 20 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 72 21 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 72 22 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 72 23 v}\}\ v}\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 72 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 72 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 72 26 the the DET bracis-28379 72 27 set set NOUN bracis-28379 72 28 of of ADP bracis-28379 72 29 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 72 30 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 72 31 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 72 32 e}\ e}\ NUM bracis-28379 72 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 72 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 72 35 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 72 36 optionally optionally ADV bracis-28379 72 37 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 72 38 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 72 39 vectors vector NOUN bracis-28379 72 40 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 72 41 maybe maybe ADV bracis-28379 72 42 seen see VERB bracis-28379 72 43 as as ADP bracis-28379 72 44 weights weight NOUN bracis-28379 72 45 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 72 46 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 72 47 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 72 48 \{w_{uv}\in \{w_{uv}\in VERB bracis-28379 72 49 \mathbb \mathbb PROPN bracis-28379 72 50 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 72 51 r}^{d}\;|\ r}^{d}\;|\ NOUN bracis-28379 72 52 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 72 53 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 72 54 u u NOUN bracis-28379 72 55 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 72 56 v v NOUN bracis-28379 72 57 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 72 58 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 72 59 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 72 60 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 72 61 e}\}\ e}\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 72 62 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 72 63 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 73 1 the the DET bracis-28379 73 2 result result NOUN bracis-28379 73 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 73 4 each each DET bracis-28379 73 5 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 73 6 is be AUX bracis-28379 73 7 a a DET bracis-28379 73 8 new new ADJ bracis-28379 73 9 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 73 10 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 73 11 \(\{h_{u}^{'}\in \(\{h_{u}^{'}\in NOUN bracis-28379 73 12 \mathbb \mathbb PROPN bracis-28379 73 13 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 14 r}^{d^{'}}\;|\ r}^{d^{'}}\;|\ ADV bracis-28379 73 15 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 73 16 u u PROPN bracis-28379 73 17 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 73 18 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 73 19 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 20 v}\}\ v}\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 73 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 73 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 23 in in ADP bracis-28379 73 24 which which PRON bracis-28379 73 25 the the DET bracis-28379 73 26 same same ADJ bracis-28379 73 27 parametric parametric ADJ bracis-28379 73 28 function function NOUN bracis-28379 73 29 is be AUX bracis-28379 73 30 applied apply VERB bracis-28379 73 31 to to ADP bracis-28379 73 32 each each DET bracis-28379 73 33 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 73 34 given give VERB bracis-28379 73 35 its its PRON bracis-28379 73 36 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 73 37 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 73 38 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 39 n}_{u}=\{v n}_{u}=\{v ADV bracis-28379 73 40 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 73 41 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 73 42 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 43 v}\;|\ v}\;|\ NOUN bracis-28379 73 44 ; ; PUNCT bracis-28379 73 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 73 46 u u NOUN bracis-28379 73 47 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 48 v)\in v)\in PROPN bracis-28379 73 49 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 73 50 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 51 e})\}\ e})\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 73 52 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 73 53 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 73 54 on on ADP bracis-28379 73 55 the the DET bracis-28379 73 56 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 73 57 incident incident NOUN bracis-28379 73 58 to to ADP bracis-28379 73 59 it it PRON bracis-28379 73 60 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 61 generically generically ADV bracis-28379 73 62 given give VERB bracis-28379 73 63 by by ADP bracis-28379 73 64 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 73 65 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 73 66 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 73 67 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 73 68 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 73 69 h'_{u}=f_{\theta h'_{u}=f_{\theta ADJ bracis-28379 73 70 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 73 71 \left \left PROPN bracis-28379 73 72 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 73 73 h_{u h_{u NOUN bracis-28379 73 74 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 73 75 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 76 aggregate(h_{v aggregate(h_{v PROPN bracis-28379 73 77 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 73 78 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 79 w'_{uv}\;|\;v\in w'_{uv}\;|\;v\in PROPN bracis-28379 73 80 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 73 81 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 73 82 n}_{u})\right n}_{u})\right NUM bracis-28379 73 83 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 73 84 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 73 85 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 73 86 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 73 87 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 73 88 in in ADP bracis-28379 73 89 which which PRON bracis-28379 73 90 aggregate aggregate NOUN bracis-28379 73 91 is be AUX bracis-28379 73 92 a a DET bracis-28379 73 93 permutation permutation NOUN bracis-28379 73 94 invariant invariant ADJ bracis-28379 73 95 function function NOUN bracis-28379 73 96 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 73 97 like like INTJ bracis-28379 73 98 max max PROPN bracis-28379 73 99 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 100 min min PROPN bracis-28379 73 101 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 102 sum sum NOUN bracis-28379 73 103 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 73 104 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 73 105 \(f_{\theta \(f_{\theta ADJ bracis-28379 73 106 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 1 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 74 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 74 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 74 4 the the DET bracis-28379 74 5 parametric parametric ADJ bracis-28379 74 6 function function NOUN bracis-28379 74 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 74 8 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 74 9 \(w'_{uv}\ \(w'_{uv}\ NOUN bracis-28379 74 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 74 11 is be AUX bracis-28379 74 12 the the DET bracis-28379 74 13 updated update VERB bracis-28379 74 14 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 74 15 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 74 16 defined define VERB bracis-28379 74 17 by by ADP bracis-28379 74 18 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 74 19 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 74 20 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 74 21 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 74 22 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 23 w'_{uv w'_{uv ADJ bracis-28379 74 24 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 25 = = SYM bracis-28379 74 26 g_{\theta g_{\theta X bracis-28379 74 27 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 28 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 74 29 h_{u h_{u NOUN bracis-28379 74 30 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 74 32 h_{v h_{v PROPN bracis-28379 74 33 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 74 35 w_{uv w_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 74 36 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 37 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 74 38 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ PROPN bracis-28379 74 39 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 74 40 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 74 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 74 42 in in ADP bracis-28379 74 43 which which PRON bracis-28379 74 44 \(g_{\theta \(g_{\theta X bracis-28379 74 45 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 74 46 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 74 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 74 48 is be AUX bracis-28379 74 49 a a DET bracis-28379 74 50 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-28379 74 51 parametric parametric ADJ bracis-28379 74 52 function function NOUN bracis-28379 74 53 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 75 1 each each DET bracis-28379 75 2 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 75 3 update update NOUN bracis-28379 75 4 step step NOUN bracis-28379 75 5 is be AUX bracis-28379 75 6 also also ADV bracis-28379 75 7 called call VERB bracis-28379 75 8 the the DET bracis-28379 75 9 message message NOUN bracis-28379 75 10 passing pass VERB bracis-28379 75 11 step step NOUN bracis-28379 75 12 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 75 13 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 75 14 send send VERB bracis-28379 75 15 information information NOUN bracis-28379 75 16 to to ADP bracis-28379 75 17 their their PRON bracis-28379 75 18 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 75 19 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 76 1 3.2 3.2 NUM bracis-28379 76 2 residual residual ADJ bracis-28379 76 3 gated gate VERB bracis-28379 76 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 76 5 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 76 6 network network NOUN bracis-28379 76 7 according accord VERB bracis-28379 76 8 to to ADP bracis-28379 76 9     SPACE bracis-28379 76 10 [ [ X bracis-28379 76 11 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 76 12 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 76 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 76 14 gatedgcn gatedgcn NOUN bracis-28379 76 15 is be AUX bracis-28379 76 16 a a DET bracis-28379 76 17 fusion fusion NOUN bracis-28379 76 18 of of ADP bracis-28379 76 19 the the DET bracis-28379 76 20 vanilla vanilla NOUN bracis-28379 76 21 gcn gcn NOUN bracis-28379 76 22 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 76 23 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 76 24 gating gate VERB bracis-28379 76 25 mechanism mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 76 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 77 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 77 2     SPACE bracis-28379 77 3 [ [ X bracis-28379 77 4 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 77 5 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 77 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 77 7 the the DET bracis-28379 77 8 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 77 9 suggested suggest VERB bracis-28379 77 10 modifications modification NOUN bracis-28379 77 11 to to ADP bracis-28379 77 12 the the DET bracis-28379 77 13 gatedgcn gatedgcn ADJ bracis-28379 77 14 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 77 15 by by ADP bracis-28379 77 16 introducing introduce VERB bracis-28379 77 17 residual residual ADJ bracis-28379 77 18 connections connection NOUN bracis-28379 77 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 77 20 batch batch VERB bracis-28379 77 21 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 77 22 [ [ X bracis-28379 77 23 15 15 NUM bracis-28379 77 24 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 77 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 78 1 the the DET bracis-28379 78 2 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 78 3 update update NOUN bracis-28379 78 4 is be AUX bracis-28379 78 5 given give VERB bracis-28379 78 6 by by ADP bracis-28379 78 7 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 78 8 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 78 9 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 78 10 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 78 11 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 12 h'_{u h'_{u NOUN bracis-28379 78 13 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 14 = = SYM bracis-28379 78 15 h_{u h_{u NOUN bracis-28379 78 16 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 17 + + NUM bracis-28379 78 18 \textrm{relu}(\textrm{bn}(u^{\ell \textrm{relu}(\textrm{bn}(u^{\ell ADJ bracis-28379 78 19 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 20 h_{u h_{u PROPN bracis-28379 78 21 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 22 + + CCONJ bracis-28379 78 23 \sum \sum NOUN bracis-28379 78 24 _ _ PUNCT bracis-28379 78 25 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 78 26 v v ADP bracis-28379 78 27 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 78 28 n_{v}}\alpha n_{v}}\alpha PUNCT bracis-28379 78 29 _ _ PUNCT bracis-28379 78 30 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 78 31 uv}\odot uv}\odot ADJ bracis-28379 78 32 v^{\ell v^{\ell PROPN bracis-28379 78 33 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 34 h_{v h_{v NOUN bracis-28379 78 35 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 78 36 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 78 37 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 78 38 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ PROPN bracis-28379 79 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 79 2 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 79 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 79 5 which which PRON bracis-28379 79 6 \(u^{\ell \(u^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 79 7 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 8 \ \ PROPN bracis-28379 79 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 79 11 \(v^{\ell \(v^{\ell PROPN bracis-28379 79 12 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 13 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 79 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 15 are be AUX bracis-28379 79 16 linear linear ADJ bracis-28379 79 17 transformations transformation NOUN bracis-28379 79 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 79 19 \(\odot \(\odot NOUN bracis-28379 79 20 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 79 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 22 denotes denote VERB bracis-28379 79 23 hadamard hadamard ADJ bracis-28379 79 24 product product NOUN bracis-28379 79 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 79 26 \(\textrm{relu}\ \(\textrm{relu}\ PROPN bracis-28379 79 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 28 stands stand VERB bracis-28379 79 29 for for ADP bracis-28379 79 30 rectified rectified ADJ bracis-28379 79 31 linear linear NOUN bracis-28379 79 32 unit unit NOUN bracis-28379 79 33 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 79 34 \(\textrm{bn}\ \(\textrm{bn}\ PROPN bracis-28379 79 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 36 represents represent VERB bracis-28379 79 37 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 79 38 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 79 39 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 79 40 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 79 41 \(\alpha \(\alpha VERB bracis-28379 79 42 _ _ PRON bracis-28379 79 43 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 79 44 uv}\ uv}\ NOUN bracis-28379 79 45 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 79 46 are be AUX bracis-28379 79 47 the the DET bracis-28379 79 48 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 79 49 gates gate NOUN bracis-28379 79 50 defined define VERB bracis-28379 79 51 by by ADP bracis-28379 79 52 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 79 53 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 79 54 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 79 55 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 79 56 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 57 \alpha \alpha ADP bracis-28379 79 58 _ _ NOUN bracis-28379 79 59 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 79 60 uv uv NOUN bracis-28379 79 61 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 62 = = SYM bracis-28379 79 63 \frac{\sigma \frac{\sigma NOUN bracis-28379 79 64 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 79 65 \hat{w}_{uv})}{\sum \hat{w}_{uv})}{\sum VERB bracis-28379 79 66 _ _ PRON bracis-28379 79 67 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 79 68 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 79 69 v v NOUN bracis-28379 79 70 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 71 ' ' PUNCT bracis-28379 79 72 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 79 73 n_{u}}\sigma n_{u}}\sigma PROPN bracis-28379 79 74 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 79 75 \hat{w}_{u{v \hat{w}_{u{v VERB bracis-28379 79 76 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 77 ' ' PUNCT bracis-28379 79 78 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 79 79 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 80 1 + + CCONJ bracis-28379 80 2 \varepsilon \varepsilon X bracis-28379 80 3 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 4 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 80 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 80 6 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 80 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 80 8 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 80 9 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 80 10 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 80 11 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 12 \hat{w}_{uv \hat{w}_{uv ADJ bracis-28379 80 13 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 14 = = SYM bracis-28379 80 15 a^{\ell a^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 80 16 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 17 h_{u}^{\ell h_{u}^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 80 18 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 19 + + NOUN bracis-28379 80 20 b^{\ell b^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 80 21 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 80 22 h_{v}^{\ell h_{v}^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 80 23 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 1 + + PUNCT bracis-28379 81 2 c^{\ell c^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 81 3 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 4 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 81 5 w}_{uv w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 81 6 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 7 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 81 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 81 9 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 81 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 11 in in ADP bracis-28379 81 12 which which PRON bracis-28379 81 13 \(a^{\ell \(a^{\ell X bracis-28379 81 14 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 15 \ \ PROPN bracis-28379 81 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 81 18 \(b^{\ell \(b^{\ell ADJ bracis-28379 81 19 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 20 \ \ PROPN bracis-28379 81 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 81 23 \(c^{\ell \(c^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 81 24 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 81 25 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 81 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 27 are be AUX bracis-28379 81 28 linear linear ADJ bracis-28379 81 29 transformations transformation NOUN bracis-28379 81 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 81 31 \(\sigma \(\sigma NOUN bracis-28379 81 32 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 81 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 34 is be AUX bracis-28379 81 35 the the DET bracis-28379 81 36 sigmoid sigmoid NOUN bracis-28379 81 37 function function NOUN bracis-28379 81 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 81 39 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 81 40 \(\varepsilon \(\varepsilon NOUN bracis-28379 81 41 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 81 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 81 43 is be AUX bracis-28379 81 44 a a DET bracis-28379 81 45 small small ADV bracis-28379 81 46 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 81 47 fixed fix VERB bracis-28379 81 48 constant constant ADJ bracis-28379 81 49 for for ADP bracis-28379 81 50 numerical numerical ADJ bracis-28379 81 51 stability stability NOUN bracis-28379 81 52 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 82 1 the the DET bracis-28379 82 2 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 82 3 gate gate NOUN bracis-28379 82 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 82 5 eq eq PROPN bracis-28379 82 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 82 7     SPACE bracis-28379 82 8 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 82 9 works work VERB bracis-28379 82 10 as as ADP bracis-28379 82 11 a a DET bracis-28379 82 12 soft soft ADJ bracis-28379 82 13 attention attention NOUN bracis-28379 82 14 mechanism mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 82 15 [ [ X bracis-28379 82 16 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 82 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 82 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 82 19 allowing allow VERB bracis-28379 82 20 the the DET bracis-28379 82 21 model model NOUN bracis-28379 82 22 to to PART bracis-28379 82 23 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 82 24 the the DET bracis-28379 82 25 importance importance NOUN bracis-28379 82 26 of of ADP bracis-28379 82 27 different different ADJ bracis-28379 82 28 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 82 29 in in ADP bracis-28379 82 30 a a DET bracis-28379 82 31 neighborhood neighborhood NOUN bracis-28379 82 32 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 83 1 finally finally ADV bracis-28379 83 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 83 3 the the DET bracis-28379 83 4 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 83 5 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 83 6 are be AUX bracis-28379 83 7 updated update VERB bracis-28379 83 8 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 83 9 follows follow VERB bracis-28379 83 10 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 84 1 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 84 2 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 84 3 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 84 4 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 84 5 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 84 6 w}^{'}_{uv w}^{'}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 84 7 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 84 8 = = SYM bracis-28379 84 9 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 84 10 w}_{uv w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 84 11 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 84 12 + + X bracis-28379 84 13 \textrm{relu}(\textrm{bn}(\hat{w}_{uv \textrm{relu}(\textrm{bn}(\hat{w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 84 14 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 84 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 84 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 84 17 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 84 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 84 19 6 6 NUM bracis-28379 84 20 ) ) SYM bracis-28379 84 21 3.3 3.3 NUM bracis-28379 84 22 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 84 23 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 84 24 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 84 25 image image NOUN bracis-28379 84 26 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 84 27 is be AUX bracis-28379 84 28 a a DET bracis-28379 84 29 set set NOUN bracis-28379 84 30 of of ADP bracis-28379 84 31 image image NOUN bracis-28379 84 32 segmentations segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 84 33 at at ADP bracis-28379 84 34 different different ADJ bracis-28379 84 35 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 84 36 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 84 37 [ [ X bracis-28379 84 38 13 13 NUM bracis-28379 84 39 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 84 40 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 85 1 the the DET bracis-28379 85 2 segmentations segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 85 3 with with ADP bracis-28379 85 4 lower low ADJ bracis-28379 85 5 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 85 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 85 7 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 85 8 can can AUX bracis-28379 85 9 be be AUX bracis-28379 85 10 created create VERB bracis-28379 85 11 by by ADP bracis-28379 85 12 merging merge VERB bracis-28379 85 13 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 85 14 from from ADP bracis-28379 85 15 segmentations segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 85 16 at at ADP bracis-28379 85 17 higher high ADJ bracis-28379 85 18 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 85 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 85 20 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 85 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 86 1 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 86 2 approaches approach NOUN bracis-28379 86 3 must must AUX bracis-28379 86 4 obey obey VERB bracis-28379 86 5 the the DET bracis-28379 86 6 principles principle NOUN bracis-28379 86 7 of of ADP bracis-28379 86 8 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 86 9 - - ADJ bracis-28379 86 10 scale scale ADJ bracis-28379 86 11 image image NOUN bracis-28379 86 12 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 86 13 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 87 1 these these DET bracis-28379 87 2 principles principle NOUN bracis-28379 87 3 ensure ensure VERB bracis-28379 87 4 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 87 5 the the DET bracis-28379 87 6 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 87 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 87 8 consistent consistent ADJ bracis-28379 87 9 across across ADP bracis-28379 87 10 different different ADJ bracis-28379 87 11 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 87 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 87 13 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 87 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 88 1 the the DET bracis-28379 88 2 causality causality NOUN bracis-28379 88 3 principle principle NOUN bracis-28379 88 4 defines define VERB bracis-28379 88 5 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 88 6 a a DET bracis-28379 88 7 contour contour NOUN bracis-28379 88 8 presented present VERB bracis-28379 88 9 at at ADP bracis-28379 88 10 a a DET bracis-28379 88 11 scale scale NOUN bracis-28379 88 12 \(k_{1}\ \(k_{1}\ PUNCT bracis-28379 88 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 88 14 should should AUX bracis-28379 88 15 be be AUX bracis-28379 88 16 present present ADJ bracis-28379 88 17 at at ADP bracis-28379 88 18 any any DET bracis-28379 88 19 scale scale NOUN bracis-28379 88 20 \(k_{2 \(k_{2 NOUN bracis-28379 88 21 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 88 22 < < X bracis-28379 88 23 k_{1}\ k_{1}\ NOUN bracis-28379 88 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 88 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 89 1 the the DET bracis-28379 89 2 location location NOUN bracis-28379 89 3 principle principle NOUN bracis-28379 89 4 defines define NOUN bracis-28379 89 5 that that PRON bracis-28379 89 6 contours contours NOUN bracis-28379 89 7 should should AUX bracis-28379 89 8 be be AUX bracis-28379 89 9 stable stable ADJ bracis-28379 89 10 because because SCONJ bracis-28379 89 11 they they PRON bracis-28379 89 12 neither neither CCONJ bracis-28379 89 13 move move VERB bracis-28379 89 14 nor nor CCONJ bracis-28379 89 15 deform deform VERB bracis-28379 89 16 from from ADP bracis-28379 89 17 one one NUM bracis-28379 89 18 scale scale NOUN bracis-28379 89 19 to to ADP bracis-28379 89 20 another another PRON bracis-28379 90 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 90 2 12 12 NUM bracis-28379 90 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 90 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 91 1 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 91 2 image image NOUN bracis-28379 91 3 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 91 4 organizes organize VERB bracis-28379 91 5 image image NOUN bracis-28379 91 6 segments segment NOUN bracis-28379 91 7 into into ADP bracis-28379 91 8 a a DET bracis-28379 91 9 tree tree NOUN bracis-28379 91 10 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 91 11 where where SCONJ bracis-28379 91 12 each each DET bracis-28379 91 13 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 91 14 represents represent VERB bracis-28379 91 15 a a DET bracis-28379 91 16 different different ADJ bracis-28379 91 17 level level NOUN bracis-28379 91 18 of of ADP bracis-28379 91 19 detail detail NOUN bracis-28379 91 20 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 91 21 abstraction abstraction NOUN bracis-28379 91 22 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 92 1 the the DET bracis-28379 92 2 highest high ADJ bracis-28379 92 3 level level NOUN bracis-28379 92 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 92 5 the the DET bracis-28379 92 6 tree tree NOUN bracis-28379 92 7 represents represent VERB bracis-28379 92 8 the the DET bracis-28379 92 9 entire entire ADJ bracis-28379 92 10 image image NOUN bracis-28379 92 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 92 12 while while SCONJ bracis-28379 92 13 lower low ADJ bracis-28379 92 14 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 92 15 correspond correspond VERB bracis-28379 92 16 to to ADP bracis-28379 92 17 smaller small ADJ bracis-28379 92 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 92 19 more more ADV bracis-28379 92 20 specific specific ADJ bracis-28379 92 21 sub sub NOUN bracis-28379 92 22 - - NOUN bracis-28379 92 23 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 92 24 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 92 25 sub sub NOUN bracis-28379 92 26 - - NOUN bracis-28379 92 27 segments segment NOUN bracis-28379 92 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 93 1 this this DET bracis-28379 93 2 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 93 3 provides provide VERB bracis-28379 93 4 a a DET bracis-28379 93 5 way way NOUN bracis-28379 93 6 to to PART bracis-28379 93 7 represent represent VERB bracis-28379 93 8 the the DET bracis-28379 93 9 image image NOUN bracis-28379 93 10 at at ADP bracis-28379 93 11 different different ADJ bracis-28379 93 12 levels level NOUN bracis-28379 93 13 of of ADP bracis-28379 93 14 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-28379 93 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 93 16 allowing allow VERB bracis-28379 93 17 for for ADP bracis-28379 93 18 a a DET bracis-28379 93 19 better well ADJ bracis-28379 93 20 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-28379 93 21 of of ADP bracis-28379 93 22 the the DET bracis-28379 93 23 image image NOUN bracis-28379 93 24 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 93 25 contents content NOUN bracis-28379 93 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 94 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-28379 94 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 95 1 2 2 X bracis-28379 95 2 . . X bracis-28379 95 3 pipeline pipeline NOUN bracis-28379 95 4 for for ADP bracis-28379 95 5 computing compute VERB bracis-28379 95 6 a a DET bracis-28379 95 7 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 95 8 from from ADP bracis-28379 95 9 the the DET bracis-28379 95 10 original original ADJ bracis-28379 95 11 image image NOUN bracis-28379 95 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 96 1 full full ADJ bracis-28379 96 2 size size NOUN bracis-28379 96 3 image image NOUN bracis-28379 96 4 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 96 5 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 96 6 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 96 7 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 96 8 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 96 9 by by ADP bracis-28379 96 10     SPACE bracis-28379 96 11 using use VERB bracis-28379 96 12 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 96 13 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 14     SPACE bracis-28379 96 15 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 96 16 given give VERB bracis-28379 96 17 a a DET bracis-28379 96 18 finite finite NOUN bracis-28379 96 19 set set VERB bracis-28379 96 20 v v ADP bracis-28379 96 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 96 22 a a DET bracis-28379 96 23 partition partition NOUN bracis-28379 96 24 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 25 v v NOUN bracis-28379 96 26 is be AUX bracis-28379 96 27 a a DET bracis-28379 96 28 set set ADJ bracis-28379 96 29 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ NOUN bracis-28379 96 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 96 31 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 32 nonempty nonempty X bracis-28379 96 33 disjoint disjoint NOUN bracis-28379 96 34 subsets subset NOUN bracis-28379 96 35 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 36 v v ADP bracis-28379 96 37 whose whose DET bracis-28379 96 38 union union NOUN bracis-28379 96 39 is be AUX bracis-28379 96 40 v. v. ADP bracis-28379 96 41 any any DET bracis-28379 96 42 element element NOUN bracis-28379 96 43 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 44 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ PROPN bracis-28379 96 45 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 96 46 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 96 47 denoted denote VERB bracis-28379 96 48 by by ADP bracis-28379 96 49 \(\textbf{r}\ \(\textbf{r}\ PROPN bracis-28379 96 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 96 51 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 96 52 is be AUX bracis-28379 96 53 called call VERB bracis-28379 96 54 a a DET bracis-28379 96 55 region region NOUN bracis-28379 96 56 of of ADP bracis-28379 96 57 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ NOUN bracis-28379 96 58 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 96 59 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 97 1 given give VERB bracis-28379 97 2 two two NUM bracis-28379 97 3 partitions partition NOUN bracis-28379 97 4 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ NOUN bracis-28379 97 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 97 7 \(\textbf{p}^\prime \(\textbf{p}^\prime VERB bracis-28379 97 8 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 97 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 97 11 v v NOUN bracis-28379 97 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 97 13 \(\textbf{p}^\prime \(\textbf{p}^\prime ADJ bracis-28379 97 14 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 97 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 16 is be AUX bracis-28379 97 17 said say VERB bracis-28379 97 18 to to PART bracis-28379 97 19 be be AUX bracis-28379 97 20 a a DET bracis-28379 97 21 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 97 22 total total ADJ bracis-28379 97 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 24 refinement refinement NOUN bracis-28379 97 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 97 26 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ PROPN bracis-28379 97 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 97 29 denoted denote VERB bracis-28379 97 30 by by ADP bracis-28379 97 31 \(\textbf{p}^{\prime \(\textbf{p}^{\prime PROPN bracis-28379 97 32 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 97 33 \preceq \preceq PROPN bracis-28379 97 34 \textbf{p}\ \textbf{p}\ NUM bracis-28379 97 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 36 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 97 37 if if SCONJ bracis-28379 97 38 any any DET bracis-28379 97 39 region region NOUN bracis-28379 97 40 of of ADP bracis-28379 97 41 \(\textbf{p}^\prime \(\textbf{p}^\prime NOUN bracis-28379 97 42 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 97 43 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 44 is be AUX bracis-28379 97 45 included include VERB bracis-28379 97 46 in in ADP bracis-28379 97 47 a a DET bracis-28379 97 48 region region NOUN bracis-28379 97 49 of of ADP bracis-28379 97 50 \(\textbf{p}\ \(\textbf{p}\ NOUN bracis-28379 97 51 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 97 52 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 98 1 let let VERB bracis-28379 98 2 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 98 3 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 98 4 h}= h}= PROPN bracis-28379 98 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 98 6 \textbf{p}_1 \textbf{p}_1 PROPN bracis-28379 98 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 98 8 \dots \dot NOUN bracis-28379 98 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 98 10 \textbf{p}_\ell \textbf{p}_\ell NOUN bracis-28379 98 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 98 12 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 98 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 98 14 be be AUX bracis-28379 98 15 a a DET bracis-28379 98 16 set set NOUN bracis-28379 98 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 98 18 \(\ell \(\ell NOUN bracis-28379 98 19 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 98 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 99 1 partitions partition NOUN bracis-28379 99 2 on on ADP bracis-28379 99 3 v. v. ADP bracis-28379 99 4 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 99 5 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 99 6 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 99 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 99 8 is be AUX bracis-28379 99 9 a a DET bracis-28379 99 10 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 99 11 if if SCONJ bracis-28379 99 12 \(\textbf{p}_{i-1 \(\textbf{p}_{i-1 ADJ bracis-28379 99 13 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 99 14 \preceq \preceq ADJ bracis-28379 99 15 \textbf{p}_i\ \textbf{p}_i\ NOUN bracis-28379 99 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 99 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 99 18 for for ADP bracis-28379 99 19 any any DET bracis-28379 99 20 \(i \(i NOUN bracis-28379 99 21 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 99 22 \ \ PROPN bracis-28379 99 23 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 99 24 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 99 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 99 26 \dots \dot NOUN bracis-28379 99 27 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 99 28 \ell \ell PROPN bracis-28379 99 29 \}\ \}\ NOUN bracis-28379 99 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 99 31 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 100 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-28379 100 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 100 3 construction construction NOUN bracis-28379 100 4 let let AUX bracis-28379 100 5 \(g=(v \(g=(v NOUN bracis-28379 100 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 100 7 e)\ e)\ NOUN bracis-28379 100 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 100 9 be be VERB bracis-28379 100 10 a a DET bracis-28379 100 11 rag rag NOUN bracis-28379 100 12 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 100 13 from from ADP bracis-28379 100 14 the the DET bracis-28379 100 15 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 100 16 in in ADP bracis-28379 100 17 which which PRON bracis-28379 100 18 the the DET bracis-28379 100 19 set set NOUN bracis-28379 100 20 v v NOUN bracis-28379 100 21 represents represent VERB bracis-28379 100 22 the the DET bracis-28379 100 23 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 100 24 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 100 25 the the DET bracis-28379 100 26 set set NOUN bracis-28379 100 27 e e NOUN bracis-28379 100 28 the the DET bracis-28379 100 29 adjacency adjacency PROPN bracis-28379 100 30 relation relation NOUN bracis-28379 100 31 between between ADP bracis-28379 100 32 the the DET bracis-28379 100 33 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 100 34 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 101 1 let let VERB bracis-28379 101 2 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 101 3 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 101 4 h}= h}= PROPN bracis-28379 101 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 101 6 \textbf{p}_1 \textbf{p}_1 PROPN bracis-28379 101 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 101 8 \dots \dot NOUN bracis-28379 101 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 101 10 \textbf{p}_\ell \textbf{p}_\ell NOUN bracis-28379 101 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 101 12 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 101 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 101 14 be be AUX bracis-28379 101 15 a a DET bracis-28379 101 16 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 101 17 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 101 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 101 19 the the DET bracis-28379 101 20 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 102 1 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 102 2 let let VERB bracis-28379 102 3 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 102 4 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 102 5 r}_j\ r}_j\ NOUN bracis-28379 102 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 102 7 be be VERB bracis-28379 102 8 the the DET bracis-28379 102 9 set set NOUN bracis-28379 102 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 102 11 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 102 12 in in ADP bracis-28379 102 13 the the DET bracis-28379 102 14 partition partition NOUN bracis-28379 102 15 \(\textbf{p}_j\ \(\textbf{p}_j\ PROPN bracis-28379 102 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 102 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 102 18 the the DET bracis-28379 102 19 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 102 20 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 102 21 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 102 22 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 102 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 102 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 103 1 let let VERB bracis-28379 103 2 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 103 3 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 103 4 r}\ r}\ NUM bracis-28379 103 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 103 6 be be AUX bracis-28379 103 7 set set VERB bracis-28379 103 8 containing contain VERB bracis-28379 103 9 all all DET bracis-28379 103 10 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 103 11 belonging belong VERB bracis-28379 103 12 to to ADP bracis-28379 103 13 all all DET bracis-28379 103 14 partition partition NOUN bracis-28379 103 15 \(\textbf{p}_j \(\textbf{p}_j NOUN bracis-28379 103 16 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 103 17 \mathcal \mathcal PROPN bracis-28379 103 18 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 103 19 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 103 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 103 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 104 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-28379 104 2     SPACE bracis-28379 104 3 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 104 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-28379 104 5 our our PRON bracis-28379 104 6 proposal proposal NOUN bracis-28379 104 7 for for ADP bracis-28379 104 8 computing compute VERB bracis-28379 104 9 the the DET bracis-28379 104 10 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 104 11 from from ADP bracis-28379 104 12 the the DET bracis-28379 104 13 original original ADJ bracis-28379 104 14 image image NOUN bracis-28379 104 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 105 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 105 2 the the DET bracis-28379 105 3 following following NOUN bracis-28379 105 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 105 5 we we PRON bracis-28379 105 6 describe describe VERB bracis-28379 105 7 how how SCONJ bracis-28379 105 8 to to PART bracis-28379 105 9 compute compute VERB bracis-28379 105 10 three three NUM bracis-28379 105 11 different different ADJ bracis-28379 105 12 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 105 13 from from ADP bracis-28379 105 14 a a DET bracis-28379 105 15 given give VERB bracis-28379 105 16 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 105 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 106 1 these these DET bracis-28379 106 2 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 106 3 will will AUX bracis-28379 106 4 be be AUX bracis-28379 106 5 used use VERB bracis-28379 106 6 as as ADP bracis-28379 106 7 input input NOUN bracis-28379 106 8 in in ADP bracis-28379 106 9 the the DET bracis-28379 106 10 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 106 11 step step NOUN bracis-28379 106 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 106 13 our our PRON bracis-28379 106 14 method method NOUN bracis-28379 106 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 107 1 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 107 2 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 107 3 based base VERB bracis-28379 107 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 107 5 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 108 1 this this DET bracis-28379 108 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 108 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 108 4 denoted denote VERB bracis-28379 108 5 by by ADP bracis-28379 108 6 \(g_h \(g_h NOUN bracis-28379 108 7 = = SYM bracis-28379 108 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 108 9 v_h v_h X bracis-28379 108 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 108 11 e_h)\ e_h)\ PROPN bracis-28379 108 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 108 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 108 14 is be AUX bracis-28379 108 15 a a DET bracis-28379 108 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 108 17 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 108 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 108 19 the the DET bracis-28379 108 20 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 108 21 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 108 22 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 108 23 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 108 24 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 108 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 108 26 in in ADP bracis-28379 108 27 which which PRON bracis-28379 108 28 the the DET bracis-28379 108 29 set set NOUN bracis-28379 108 30 of of ADP bracis-28379 108 31 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 108 32 \(v_h\ \(v_h\ NOUN bracis-28379 108 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 108 34 is be AUX bracis-28379 108 35 equal equal ADJ bracis-28379 108 36 to to ADP bracis-28379 108 37 the the DET bracis-28379 108 38 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 108 39 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 108 40 r}\ r}\ NUM bracis-28379 108 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 108 42 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 109 1 the the DET bracis-28379 109 2 set set NOUN bracis-28379 109 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 109 4 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 109 5 \(e_h\ \(e_h\ NOUN bracis-28379 109 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 109 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 109 8 defined define VERB bracis-28379 109 9 by by ADP bracis-28379 109 10 \(e_h=\{(r_i \(e_h=\{(r_i PROPN bracis-28379 109 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 109 12 r_j),(r_j r_j),(r_j PROPN bracis-28379 109 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 109 14 r_i)~|~r_i r_i)~|~r_i VERB bracis-28379 109 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 109 16 r_j r_j VERB bracis-28379 109 17 \in \in ADJ bracis-28379 109 18 \mathcal \mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 109 19 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 109 20 r},~r_i r},~r_i PROPN bracis-28379 109 21 \ne \ne PROPN bracis-28379 109 22 ~r_j,~\textrm{in ~r_j,~\textrm{in PROPN bracis-28379 109 23 which}~ which}~ PRON bracis-28379 109 24 r_j r_j NOUN bracis-28379 109 25 ~\textrm{is ~\textrm{is NOUN bracis-28379 109 26 the the DET bracis-28379 109 27 smallest small ADJ bracis-28379 109 28 region region NOUN bracis-28379 109 29 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 109 30 contains}~ contains}~ PROPN bracis-28379 109 31 r_i r_i NOUN bracis-28379 109 32 \}\ \}\ NUM bracis-28379 109 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 109 34 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 110 1 knn knn PROPN bracis-28379 110 2 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 110 3 based base VERB bracis-28379 110 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 110 5 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 111 1 this this DET bracis-28379 111 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 111 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 111 4 denoted denote VERB bracis-28379 111 5 by by ADP bracis-28379 111 6 \(g_k \(g_k NOUN bracis-28379 111 7 = = SYM bracis-28379 111 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 111 9 v_k v_k ADJ bracis-28379 111 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 111 11 e_k)\ e_k)\ PROPN bracis-28379 111 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 111 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 111 14 is be AUX bracis-28379 111 15 a a DET bracis-28379 111 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 111 17 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 111 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 111 19 the the DET bracis-28379 111 20 k k PROPN bracis-28379 111 21 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 111 22 nearest near ADJ bracis-28379 111 23 neighborhood neighborhood NOUN bracis-28379 111 24 of of ADP bracis-28379 111 25 regions region NOUN bracis-28379 111 26 in in ADP bracis-28379 111 27 the the DET bracis-28379 111 28 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 111 29 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 111 30 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 111 31 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 111 32 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 111 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 111 34 in in ADP bracis-28379 111 35 the the DET bracis-28379 111 36 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 111 37 space space NOUN bracis-28379 111 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 111 39 in in ADP bracis-28379 111 40 which which PRON bracis-28379 111 41 the the DET bracis-28379 111 42 set set NOUN bracis-28379 111 43 of of ADP bracis-28379 111 44 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 111 45 \(v_k\ \(v_k\ NOUN bracis-28379 111 46 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 111 47 is be AUX bracis-28379 111 48 equal equal ADJ bracis-28379 111 49 to to ADP bracis-28379 111 50 the the DET bracis-28379 111 51 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 111 52 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 111 53 r}\ r}\ NUM bracis-28379 111 54 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 111 55 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 112 1 let let VERB bracis-28379 112 2 \(w(v \(w(v NOUN bracis-28379 112 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 112 4 = = PUNCT bracis-28379 112 5 \{w(v),~\forall \{w(v),~\forall NOUN bracis-28379 112 6 v v ADJ bracis-28379 112 7 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 112 8 v\}\ v\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 112 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 112 10 be be VERB bracis-28379 112 11 the the DET bracis-28379 112 12 set set NOUN bracis-28379 112 13 of of ADP bracis-28379 112 14 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 112 15 vectors vector NOUN bracis-28379 112 16 related relate VERB bracis-28379 112 17 to to ADP bracis-28379 112 18 the the DET bracis-28379 112 19 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 112 20 set set VERB bracis-28379 112 21 v. v. ADP bracis-28379 112 22 the the DET bracis-28379 112 23 set set NOUN bracis-28379 112 24 of of ADP bracis-28379 112 25 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 112 26 \(e_k\ \(e_k\ NOUN bracis-28379 112 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 112 28 is be AUX bracis-28379 112 29 defined define VERB bracis-28379 112 30 by by ADP bracis-28379 112 31 \(e_k=\{(r_i \(e_k=\{(r_i PROPN bracis-28379 112 32 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 112 33 r_j)\;|\;w(r_j)~\mathrm{is r_j)\;|\;w(r_j)~\mathrm{is VERB bracis-28379 112 34 one one NUM bracis-28379 112 35 of of ADP bracis-28379 112 36 the the DET bracis-28379 112 37 k k PROPN bracis-28379 112 38 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 112 39 nn nn PROPN bracis-28379 112 40 of~ of~ PROPN bracis-28379 112 41 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 112 42 w(r_i)\}\ w(r_i)\}\ PROPN bracis-28379 112 43 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 112 44 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 113 1 complete complete ADJ bracis-28379 113 2 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 113 3 based base VERB bracis-28379 113 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 113 5 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 114 1 this this DET bracis-28379 114 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 114 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 114 4 denoted denote VERB bracis-28379 114 5 by by ADP bracis-28379 114 6 \(g_c \(g_c NOUN bracis-28379 114 7 = = SYM bracis-28379 114 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 114 9 v_c v_c NOUN bracis-28379 114 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 114 11 e_c)\ e_c)\ NOUN bracis-28379 114 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 114 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 114 14 is be AUX bracis-28379 114 15 a a DET bracis-28379 114 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 114 17 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 114 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 114 19 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 114 20 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 114 21 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 114 22 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 114 23 h}\ h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 114 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 114 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 114 26 in in ADP bracis-28379 114 27 which which PRON bracis-28379 114 28 the the DET bracis-28379 114 29 set set NOUN bracis-28379 114 30 of of ADP bracis-28379 114 31 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 114 32 \(v_c\ \(v_c\ NOUN bracis-28379 114 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 114 34 is be AUX bracis-28379 114 35 equal equal ADJ bracis-28379 114 36 to to ADP bracis-28379 114 37 the the DET bracis-28379 114 38 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 114 39 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 114 40 r}\ r}\ NUM bracis-28379 114 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 114 42 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 115 1 let let VERB bracis-28379 115 2 \(w(v \(w(v NOUN bracis-28379 115 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 115 4 = = PUNCT bracis-28379 115 5 \{w(v),~\forall \{w(v),~\forall NOUN bracis-28379 115 6 v v ADJ bracis-28379 115 7 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 115 8 v\}\ v\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 115 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 115 10 be be VERB bracis-28379 115 11 the the DET bracis-28379 115 12 set set NOUN bracis-28379 115 13 of of ADP bracis-28379 115 14 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 115 15 vectors vector NOUN bracis-28379 115 16 related relate VERB bracis-28379 115 17 to to ADP bracis-28379 115 18 the the DET bracis-28379 115 19 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 115 20 set set VERB bracis-28379 115 21 v. v. ADP bracis-28379 115 22 the the DET bracis-28379 115 23 set set NOUN bracis-28379 115 24 of of ADP bracis-28379 115 25 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 115 26 \(e_c\ \(e_c\ NOUN bracis-28379 115 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 115 28 is be AUX bracis-28379 115 29 defined define VERB bracis-28379 115 30 by by ADP bracis-28379 115 31 \(e_c=\{(r_i \(e_c=\{(r_i PROPN bracis-28379 115 32 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 115 33 r_j)~|~r_i r_j)~|~r_i NOUN bracis-28379 115 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 115 35 r_j r_j NOUN bracis-28379 115 36 \in \in ADJ bracis-28379 115 37 \mathcal \mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 115 38 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 115 39 r},~r_i r},~r_i PROPN bracis-28379 115 40 \ne \ne PROPN bracis-28379 115 41 ~r_j\}\ ~r_j\}\ NOUN bracis-28379 115 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 115 43 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 116 1 it it PRON bracis-28379 116 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 116 3 important important ADJ bracis-28379 116 4 to to PART bracis-28379 116 5 mention mention VERB bracis-28379 116 6 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 116 7 each each DET bracis-28379 116 8 region region NOUN bracis-28379 116 9 is be AUX bracis-28379 116 10 represented represent VERB bracis-28379 116 11 by by ADP bracis-28379 116 12 the the DET bracis-28379 116 13 following follow VERB bracis-28379 116 14 set set NOUN bracis-28379 116 15 of of ADP bracis-28379 116 16 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 116 17 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 116 18 color color NOUN bracis-28379 116 19 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 116 20 color color NOUN bracis-28379 116 21 channels channel NOUN bracis-28379 116 22 mean mean VERB bracis-28379 116 23 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 116 24 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 116 25 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 116 26 bin bin NOUN bracis-28379 116 27 color color NOUN bracis-28379 116 28 histogram histogram NOUN bracis-28379 116 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 116 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 31 texture texture NOUN bracis-28379 116 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 116 33 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-28379 116 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 35 dissimilarity dissimilarity NOUN bracis-28379 116 36 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 37 homogeneity homogeneity NOUN bracis-28379 116 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 39 energy energy NOUN bracis-28379 116 40 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 41 correlation correlation NOUN bracis-28379 116 42 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 43 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 116 44 angular angular ADJ bracis-28379 116 45 second second ADJ bracis-28379 116 46 moment moment NOUN bracis-28379 116 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 116 48 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 49 region region NOUN bracis-28379 116 50 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 116 51 orientation orientation NOUN bracis-28379 116 52 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 53 bounding bound VERB bracis-28379 116 54 box box NOUN bracis-28379 116 55 area area NOUN bracis-28379 116 56 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 57 solidity solidity NOUN bracis-28379 116 58 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 59 area area NOUN bracis-28379 116 60 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 61 eccentricity eccentricity NOUN bracis-28379 116 62 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 63 convex convex NOUN bracis-28379 116 64 area area NOUN bracis-28379 116 65 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 66 perimeter perimeter NOUN bracis-28379 116 67 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 68 mean mean VERB bracis-28379 116 69 intensity intensity NOUN bracis-28379 116 70 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 71 euler euler NOUN bracis-28379 116 72 number number NOUN bracis-28379 116 73 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 74 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 116 75 hu hu PROPN bracis-28379 116 76 moments moment NOUN bracis-28379 116 77 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 116 78 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 116 79 position position NOUN bracis-28379 116 80 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 116 81 x x X bracis-28379 116 82 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 116 83 y y PROPN bracis-28379 116 84 mean mean NOUN bracis-28379 116 85 position position NOUN bracis-28379 116 86 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 116 87 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 116 88 the the DET bracis-28379 116 89 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 116 90 altitude altitude NOUN bracis-28379 116 91 in in ADP bracis-28379 116 92 the the DET bracis-28379 116 93 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 116 94 tree tree NOUN bracis-28379 116 95 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 117 1 the the DET bracis-28379 117 2 extracted extract VERB bracis-28379 117 3 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 117 4 were be AUX bracis-28379 117 5 then then ADV bracis-28379 117 6 used use VERB bracis-28379 117 7 to to PART bracis-28379 117 8 create create VERB bracis-28379 117 9 a a DET bracis-28379 117 10 vertice vertice NOUN bracis-28379 117 11 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 117 12 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 117 13 \(h_{u}\in \(h_{u}\in NOUN bracis-28379 117 14 \mathbb \mathbb PROPN bracis-28379 117 15 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 117 16 r}^{104\times r}^{104\time NOUN bracis-28379 117 17 1}\ 1}\ NUM bracis-28379 117 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 117 19 for for ADP bracis-28379 117 20 each each DET bracis-28379 117 21 \(u \(u ADJ bracis-28379 117 22 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 117 23 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 117 24 v}\ v}\ NUM bracis-28379 117 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 117 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 118 1 4.2 4.2 NUM bracis-28379 118 2 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 118 3 figure figure NOUN bracis-28379 118 4     SPACE bracis-28379 118 5 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 118 6 shows show VERB bracis-28379 118 7 the the DET bracis-28379 118 8 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 118 9 gcn gcn NOUN bracis-28379 118 10 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 118 11 for for ADP bracis-28379 118 12 the the DET bracis-28379 118 13 image image NOUN bracis-28379 118 14 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 118 15 task task NOUN bracis-28379 118 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 119 1 to to PART bracis-28379 119 2 embed embed VERB bracis-28379 119 3 the the DET bracis-28379 119 4 input input NOUN bracis-28379 119 5 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 119 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 119 7 vertices vertice VERB bracis-28379 119 8 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 119 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 119 10 two two NUM bracis-28379 119 11 linear linear ADJ bracis-28379 119 12 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 119 13 were be AUX bracis-28379 119 14 applied apply VERB bracis-28379 119 15 to to PART bracis-28379 119 16 produce produce VERB bracis-28379 119 17 d d ADJ bracis-28379 119 18 - - ADJ bracis-28379 119 19 dimensional dimensional ADJ bracis-28379 119 20 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-28379 119 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 120 1 the the DET bracis-28379 120 2 dimension dimension NOUN bracis-28379 120 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 120 4 the the DET bracis-28379 120 5 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 120 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 120 7 vertices vertice VERB bracis-28379 120 8 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-28379 120 9 remained remain VERB bracis-28379 120 10 the the DET bracis-28379 120 11 same same ADJ bracis-28379 120 12 across across ADP bracis-28379 120 13 all all DET bracis-28379 120 14 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 120 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 121 1 inspired inspire VERB bracis-28379 121 2 by by ADP bracis-28379 121 3     SPACE bracis-28379 121 4 [ [ X bracis-28379 121 5 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 121 6 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 121 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 121 8 this this DET bracis-28379 121 9 work work NOUN bracis-28379 121 10 adopted adopt VERB bracis-28379 121 11 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 121 12 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 121 13 m}+1\ m}+1\ NOUN bracis-28379 121 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 121 15 convolutions convolution NOUN bracis-28379 121 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 121 17 in in ADP bracis-28379 121 18 which which PRON bracis-28379 121 19 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 121 20 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 121 21 m}\ m}\ PROPN bracis-28379 121 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 121 23 is be AUX bracis-28379 121 24 chosen choose VERB bracis-28379 121 25 at at ADP bracis-28379 121 26 inference inference NOUN bracis-28379 121 27 time time NOUN bracis-28379 121 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 122 1 all all DET bracis-28379 122 2 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 122 3 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 122 4 m}\ m}\ NOUN bracis-28379 122 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 122 6 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 122 7 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 122 8 share share VERB bracis-28379 122 9 the the DET bracis-28379 122 10 same same ADJ bracis-28379 122 11 weights weight NOUN bracis-28379 122 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 122 13 which which PRON bracis-28379 122 14 improved improve VERB bracis-28379 122 15 the the DET bracis-28379 122 16 results result NOUN bracis-28379 122 17 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 122 18 made make VERB bracis-28379 122 19 the the DET bracis-28379 122 20 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 122 21 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 122 22 parameter parameter NOUN bracis-28379 122 23 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 122 24 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-28379 122 25     SPACE bracis-28379 123 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 123 2 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 123 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 123 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 124 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-28379 124 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 125 1 3 3 X bracis-28379 125 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 125 3 model model NOUN bracis-28379 125 4 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 125 5 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 126 1 the the DET bracis-28379 126 2 input input NOUN bracis-28379 126 3 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 126 4 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 126 5 vertices vertice VERB bracis-28379 126 6 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 126 7 are be AUX bracis-28379 126 8 h h NOUN bracis-28379 126 9 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 126 10 w w NOUN bracis-28379 126 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 126 12 respectively respectively ADV bracis-28379 126 13 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 127 1 full full ADJ bracis-28379 127 2 size size NOUN bracis-28379 127 3 image image NOUN bracis-28379 127 4 an an DET bracis-28379 127 5 adaptive adaptive ADJ bracis-28379 127 6 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 127 7 that that PRON bracis-28379 127 8 adjusts adjust VERB bracis-28379 127 9 its its PRON bracis-28379 127 10 depth depth NOUN bracis-28379 127 11 can can AUX bracis-28379 127 12 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 127 13 important important ADJ bracis-28379 127 14 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 127 15 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 127 16 patterns pattern NOUN bracis-28379 127 17 that that PRON bracis-28379 127 18 lead lead VERB bracis-28379 127 19 to to ADP bracis-28379 127 20 better well ADJ bracis-28379 127 21 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 127 22 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 127 23 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 127 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 128 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 128 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 128 3 balancing balance VERB bracis-28379 128 4 model model NOUN bracis-28379 128 5 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-28379 128 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 128 7 complexity complexity NOUN bracis-28379 128 8 is be AUX bracis-28379 128 9 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-28379 128 10 to to PART bracis-28379 128 11 avoid avoid VERB bracis-28379 128 12 sub sub ADJ bracis-28379 128 13 - - ADJ bracis-28379 128 14 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-28379 128 15 results result NOUN bracis-28379 128 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 129 1 if if SCONJ bracis-28379 129 2 the the DET bracis-28379 129 3 model model NOUN bracis-28379 129 4 is be AUX bracis-28379 129 5 too too ADV bracis-28379 129 6 shallow shallow ADJ bracis-28379 129 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 129 8 it it PRON bracis-28379 129 9 may may AUX bracis-28379 129 10 not not PART bracis-28379 129 11 be be AUX bracis-28379 129 12 able able ADJ bracis-28379 129 13 to to PART bracis-28379 129 14 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 129 15 complex complex ADJ bracis-28379 129 16 patterns pattern NOUN bracis-28379 129 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 129 18 while while SCONJ bracis-28379 129 19 a a DET bracis-28379 129 20 model model NOUN bracis-28379 129 21 that that PRON bracis-28379 129 22 is be AUX bracis-28379 129 23 too too ADV bracis-28379 129 24 deep deep ADJ bracis-28379 129 25 may may AUX bracis-28379 129 26 suffer suffer VERB bracis-28379 129 27 from from ADP bracis-28379 129 28 overfitting overfitte VERB bracis-28379 129 29 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 129 30 be be AUX bracis-28379 129 31 computationally computationally ADV bracis-28379 129 32 expensive expensive ADJ bracis-28379 129 33 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 130 1 after after ADP bracis-28379 130 2 the the DET bracis-28379 130 3 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 130 4 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-28379 130 5 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 130 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 130 7 we we PRON bracis-28379 130 8 employ employ VERB bracis-28379 130 9 a a DET bracis-28379 130 10 readout readout NOUN bracis-28379 130 11 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 130 12 that that PRON bracis-28379 130 13 generates generate VERB bracis-28379 130 14 a a DET bracis-28379 130 15 fixed fix VERB bracis-28379 130 16 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 130 17 size size NOUN bracis-28379 130 18 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 130 19 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 130 20 from from ADP bracis-28379 130 21 the the DET bracis-28379 130 22 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 130 23 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 130 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 131 1 the the DET bracis-28379 131 2 output output NOUN bracis-28379 131 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 131 4 the the DET bracis-28379 131 5 readout readout NOUN bracis-28379 131 6 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 131 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 131 8 then then ADV bracis-28379 131 9 fed feed VERB bracis-28379 131 10 into into ADP bracis-28379 131 11 a a DET bracis-28379 131 12 multi multi ADJ bracis-28379 131 13 - - ADJ bracis-28379 131 14 layer layer ADJ bracis-28379 131 15 perceptron perceptron NOUN bracis-28379 131 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 131 17 mlp mlp PROPN bracis-28379 131 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 131 19 that that PRON bracis-28379 131 20 learns learn VERB bracis-28379 131 21 to to PART bracis-28379 131 22 make make VERB bracis-28379 131 23 class class NOUN bracis-28379 131 24 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-28379 131 25 based base VERB bracis-28379 131 26 on on ADP bracis-28379 131 27 the the DET bracis-28379 131 28 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 131 29 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 131 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 132 1 by by ADP bracis-28379 132 2 combining combine VERB bracis-28379 132 3 the the DET bracis-28379 132 4 adaptive adaptive ADJ bracis-28379 132 5 depth depth NOUN bracis-28379 132 6 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 132 7 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-28379 132 8 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 132 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 132 10 readout readout VERB bracis-28379 132 11 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 132 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 132 13 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 132 14 mlp mlp NOUN bracis-28379 132 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 132 16 the the DET bracis-28379 132 17 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 132 18 model model NOUN bracis-28379 132 19 can can AUX bracis-28379 132 20 effectively effectively ADV bracis-28379 132 21 extract extract VERB bracis-28379 132 22 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 132 23 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 132 24 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 132 25 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 132 26 of of ADP bracis-28379 132 27 the the DET bracis-28379 132 28 input input NOUN bracis-28379 132 29 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 132 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 132 31 leading lead VERB bracis-28379 132 32 to to ADP bracis-28379 132 33 accurate accurate ADJ bracis-28379 132 34 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 132 35 robust robust ADJ bracis-28379 132 36 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 132 37 results result NOUN bracis-28379 132 38 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 133 1 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 133 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-28379 133 3 results result NOUN bracis-28379 133 4 to to PART bracis-28379 133 5 analyze analyze VERB bracis-28379 133 6 our our PRON bracis-28379 133 7 proposal proposal NOUN bracis-28379 133 8 for for ADP bracis-28379 133 9 image image NOUN bracis-28379 133 10 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 133 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 133 12 we we PRON bracis-28379 133 13 have have AUX bracis-28379 133 14 applied apply VERB bracis-28379 133 15 our our PRON bracis-28379 133 16 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-28379 133 17 to to ADP bracis-28379 133 18 a a DET bracis-28379 133 19 well well ADV bracis-28379 133 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 133 21 known know VERB bracis-28379 133 22 database database NOUN bracis-28379 133 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 134 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 134 2 have have AUX bracis-28379 134 3 considered consider VERB bracis-28379 134 4 the the DET bracis-28379 134 5 three three NUM bracis-28379 134 6 different different ADJ bracis-28379 134 7 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 134 8 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 134 9 from from ADP bracis-28379 134 10 the the DET bracis-28379 134 11 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 134 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 135 1 also also ADV bracis-28379 135 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 135 4 have have AUX bracis-28379 135 5 trained train VERB bracis-28379 135 6 all all DET bracis-28379 135 7 the the DET bracis-28379 135 8 models model NOUN bracis-28379 135 9 for for ADP bracis-28379 135 10 1,000 1,000 NUM bracis-28379 135 11 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-28379 135 12 with with ADP bracis-28379 135 13 an an DET bracis-28379 135 14 initial initial ADJ bracis-28379 135 15 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 135 16 rate rate NOUN bracis-28379 135 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 135 18 \(10^{-3}\ \(10^{-3}\ NOUN bracis-28379 135 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 135 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 21 which which PRON bracis-28379 135 22 is be AUX bracis-28379 135 23 reduced reduce VERB bracis-28379 135 24 by by ADP bracis-28379 135 25 half half NOUN bracis-28379 135 26 if if SCONJ bracis-28379 135 27 the the DET bracis-28379 135 28 validation validation NOUN bracis-28379 135 29 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 135 30 does do AUX bracis-28379 135 31 not not PART bracis-28379 135 32 improve improve VERB bracis-28379 135 33 after after ADP bracis-28379 135 34 ten ten NUM bracis-28379 135 35 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-28379 135 36 until until ADP bracis-28379 135 37 reaching reach VERB bracis-28379 135 38 a a DET bracis-28379 135 39 stopping stop VERB bracis-28379 135 40 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 135 41 rate rate NOUN bracis-28379 135 42 of of ADP bracis-28379 135 43 \(10^{-5}\ \(10^{-5}\ VERB bracis-28379 135 44 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 135 45 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 46 cross cross VERB bracis-28379 135 47 entropy entropy PROPN bracis-28379 135 48 loss loss NOUN bracis-28379 135 49 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 50 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 135 51 size size NOUN bracis-28379 135 52 of of ADP bracis-28379 135 53 64 64 NUM bracis-28379 135 54 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 135 55 adam adam PROPN bracis-28379 135 56 optimizer optimizer NOUN bracis-28379 135 57 with with ADP bracis-28379 135 58 \ \ PROPN bracis-28379 135 59 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 135 60 \beta \beta PROPN bracis-28379 135 61 _ _ PROPN bracis-28379 135 62 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 135 63 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 135 64 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 135 65 = = NUM bracis-28379 135 66 0.9 0.9 NUM bracis-28379 135 67 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 135 68 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 135 69 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 70 \(\beta \(\beta X bracis-28379 135 71 _ _ NOUN bracis-28379 135 72 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 135 73 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 135 74 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 135 75 = = SYM bracis-28379 135 76 0.98\ 0.98\ PROPN bracis-28379 135 77 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 135 78 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 135 79 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 135 80 \(\epsilon \(\epsilon NOUN bracis-28379 135 81 = = SYM bracis-28379 135 82 10^{-9 10^{-9 NUM bracis-28379 135 83 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 135 84 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 135 85 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 135 86 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 136 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 136 2 saved save VERB bracis-28379 136 3 the the DET bracis-28379 136 4 weights weight NOUN bracis-28379 136 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 136 6 the the DET bracis-28379 136 7 epoch epoch NOUN bracis-28379 136 8 with with ADP bracis-28379 136 9 the the DET bracis-28379 136 10 best good ADJ bracis-28379 136 11 validation validation NOUN bracis-28379 136 12 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 136 13 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 137 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 137 2 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-28379 137 3 the the DET bracis-28379 137 4 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 137 5 model model NOUN bracis-28379 137 6 in in ADP bracis-28379 137 7 the the DET bracis-28379 137 8 cifar-10 cifar-10 PROPN bracis-28379 137 9 database database NOUN bracis-28379 138 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 138 2 18 18 NUM bracis-28379 138 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 138 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 138 5 comprising comprise VERB bracis-28379 138 6 60,000 60,000 NUM bracis-28379 138 7 32 32 NUM bracis-28379 138 8     SPACE bracis-28379 138 9 \(\times \(\time NOUN bracis-28379 138 10 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 138 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 138 12     SPACE bracis-28379 138 13 32 32 NUM bracis-28379 138 14 color color NOUN bracis-28379 138 15 images image NOUN bracis-28379 138 16 across across ADP bracis-28379 138 17 ten ten NUM bracis-28379 138 18 classes class NOUN bracis-28379 138 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 138 20 with with ADP bracis-28379 138 21 6,000 6,000 NUM bracis-28379 138 22 images image NOUN bracis-28379 138 23 each each PRON bracis-28379 138 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 139 1 the the DET bracis-28379 139 2 database database NOUN bracis-28379 139 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 139 4 split split VERB bracis-28379 139 5 into into ADP bracis-28379 139 6 45,000 45,000 NUM bracis-28379 139 7 training training NOUN bracis-28379 139 8 images image NOUN bracis-28379 139 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 139 10 5,000 5,000 NUM bracis-28379 139 11 validation validation NOUN bracis-28379 139 12 images image NOUN bracis-28379 139 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 139 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 139 15 10,000 10,000 NUM bracis-28379 139 16 test test NOUN bracis-28379 139 17 images image NOUN bracis-28379 139 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 140 1 it it PRON bracis-28379 140 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 140 3 important important ADJ bracis-28379 140 4 to to PART bracis-28379 140 5 observe observe VERB bracis-28379 140 6 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 140 7 we we PRON bracis-28379 140 8 have have AUX bracis-28379 140 9 followed follow VERB bracis-28379 140 10 the the DET bracis-28379 140 11 procedure procedure NOUN bracis-28379 140 12 described describe VERB bracis-28379 140 13 in in ADP bracis-28379 140 14     SPACE bracis-28379 140 15 [ [ X bracis-28379 140 16 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 140 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 140 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 140 19 randomly randomly ADV bracis-28379 140 20 sampled sample VERB bracis-28379 140 21 5,000 5,000 NUM bracis-28379 140 22 images image NOUN bracis-28379 140 23 from from ADP bracis-28379 140 24 the the DET bracis-28379 140 25 training training NOUN bracis-28379 140 26 set set VERB bracis-28379 140 27 for for ADP bracis-28379 140 28 validation validation NOUN bracis-28379 140 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 141 1 the the DET bracis-28379 141 2 same same ADJ bracis-28379 141 3 splits split NOUN bracis-28379 141 4 were be AUX bracis-28379 141 5 used use VERB bracis-28379 141 6 for for ADP bracis-28379 141 7 all all DET bracis-28379 141 8 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 141 9 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 142 1 5.1 5.1 NUM bracis-28379 142 2 implementation implementation NOUN bracis-28379 142 3 details detail NOUN bracis-28379 142 4 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 142 5 construction construction NOUN bracis-28379 142 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 143 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 143 2 adopt adopt VERB bracis-28379 143 3 the the DET bracis-28379 143 4 slic slic NOUN bracis-28379 143 5     SPACE bracis-28379 144 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 144 2 1 1 X bracis-28379 144 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 144 4 as as ADP bracis-28379 144 5 the the DET bracis-28379 144 6 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 144 7 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 144 8 method method NOUN bracis-28379 144 9 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 144 10 it it PRON bracis-28379 144 11 is be AUX bracis-28379 144 12 simple simple ADJ bracis-28379 144 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 144 14 fast fast ADJ bracis-28379 144 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 144 16 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 144 17 memory memory NOUN bracis-28379 144 18 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-28379 144 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 144 20 to to PART bracis-28379 144 21 make make VERB bracis-28379 144 22 a a DET bracis-28379 144 23 fair fair ADJ bracis-28379 144 24 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-28379 144 25 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 144 26 almost almost ADV bracis-28379 144 27 all all PRON bracis-28379 144 28 work work NOUN bracis-28379 144 29 in in ADP bracis-28379 144 30 our our PRON bracis-28379 144 31 comparative comparative ADJ bracis-28379 144 32 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 144 33 uses use VERB bracis-28379 144 34 it it PRON bracis-28379 144 35 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 145 1 the the DET bracis-28379 145 2 target target NOUN bracis-28379 145 3 number number NOUN bracis-28379 145 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 145 5 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 145 6 is be AUX bracis-28379 145 7 typically typically ADV bracis-28379 145 8 20 20 NUM bracis-28379 145 9 but but CCONJ bracis-28379 145 10 may may AUX bracis-28379 145 11 vary vary VERB bracis-28379 145 12 for for ADP bracis-28379 145 13 each each DET bracis-28379 145 14 image image NOUN bracis-28379 145 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 146 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 146 2 have have AUX bracis-28379 146 3 used use VERB bracis-28379 146 4 the the DET bracis-28379 146 5 watershed watershed NOUN bracis-28379 146 6 by by ADP bracis-28379 146 7 area area NOUN bracis-28379 146 8     SPACE bracis-28379 147 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 147 2 6 6 NUM bracis-28379 147 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 147 4 as as ADP bracis-28379 147 5 the the DET bracis-28379 147 6 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 147 7 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 147 8 method method NOUN bracis-28379 147 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 147 10 which which PRON bracis-28379 147 11 outperformed outperform VERB bracis-28379 147 12 other other ADJ bracis-28379 147 13 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 147 14 based base VERB bracis-28379 147 15 on on ADP bracis-28379 147 16 different different ADJ bracis-28379 147 17 attributes attribute NOUN bracis-28379 147 18 in in ADP bracis-28379 147 19 our our PRON bracis-28379 147 20 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 147 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 148 1 thus thus ADV bracis-28379 148 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 148 3 the the DET bracis-28379 148 4 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 148 5 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 148 6 based base VERB bracis-28379 148 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 148 8 knn knn PROPN bracis-28379 148 9 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 148 10 based base VERB bracis-28379 148 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 148 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 148 13 complete complete ADV bracis-28379 148 14 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 148 15 based base VERB bracis-28379 148 16 are be AUX bracis-28379 148 17 constructed construct VERB bracis-28379 148 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 148 19 the the DET bracis-28379 148 20 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 148 21 computed compute VERB bracis-28379 148 22 using use VERB bracis-28379 148 23 watershed watershe VERB bracis-28379 148 24 by by ADP bracis-28379 148 25 area area NOUN bracis-28379 148 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 148 27 which which PRON bracis-28379 148 28 is be AUX bracis-28379 148 29 applied apply VERB bracis-28379 148 30 to to ADP bracis-28379 148 31 the the DET bracis-28379 148 32 rag rag NOUN bracis-28379 148 33 of of ADP bracis-28379 148 34 the the DET bracis-28379 148 35 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 148 36 obtained obtain VERB bracis-28379 148 37 by by ADP bracis-28379 148 38 the the DET bracis-28379 148 39 slic slic NOUN bracis-28379 148 40 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 149 1 the the DET bracis-28379 149 2 number number NOUN bracis-28379 149 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 149 4 nearest near ADJ bracis-28379 149 5 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 149 6 k k PROPN bracis-28379 149 7 was be AUX bracis-28379 149 8 set set VERB bracis-28379 149 9 to to ADP bracis-28379 149 10 8 8 NUM bracis-28379 149 11 on on ADP bracis-28379 149 12 the the DET bracis-28379 149 13 knn knn NOUN bracis-28379 149 14 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 149 15 based base VERB bracis-28379 149 16 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 149 17 setup setup NOUN bracis-28379 149 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 150 1 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 150 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 151 1 to to PART bracis-28379 151 2 implement implement VERB bracis-28379 151 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 151 4 model model NOUN bracis-28379 151 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 151 6 we we PRON bracis-28379 151 7 use use VERB bracis-28379 151 8 pytorch pytorch NOUN bracis-28379 151 9 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 151 10 [ [ X bracis-28379 151 11 10 10 NUM bracis-28379 151 12 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 151 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 151 14 which which PRON bracis-28379 151 15 batches batch VERB bracis-28379 151 16 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 151 17 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 151 18 into into ADP bracis-28379 151 19 a a DET bracis-28379 151 20 single single ADJ bracis-28379 151 21 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 151 22 with with ADP bracis-28379 151 23 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 151 24 subgraphs subgraph NOUN bracis-28379 151 25 for for ADP bracis-28379 151 26 mini mini NOUN bracis-28379 151 27 - - NOUN bracis-28379 151 28 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 151 29 training training NOUN bracis-28379 151 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 152 1 following follow VERB bracis-28379 152 2 [ [ X bracis-28379 152 3 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 152 4 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 152 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 152 6 we we PRON bracis-28379 152 7 could could AUX bracis-28379 152 8 set set VERB bracis-28379 152 9 the the DET bracis-28379 152 10 variable variable ADJ bracis-28379 152 11 depth depth NOUN bracis-28379 152 12 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 152 13 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 152 14 m}\ m}\ PROPN bracis-28379 152 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 152 16 as as ADP bracis-28379 152 17 half half NOUN bracis-28379 152 18 of of ADP bracis-28379 152 19 the the DET bracis-28379 152 20 number number NOUN bracis-28379 152 21 of of ADP bracis-28379 152 22 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 152 23 in in ADP bracis-28379 152 24 each each DET bracis-28379 152 25 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 152 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 153 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 153 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 153 3 this this PRON bracis-28379 153 4 is be AUX bracis-28379 153 5 not not PART bracis-28379 153 6 feasible feasible ADJ bracis-28379 153 7 for for ADP bracis-28379 153 8 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 153 9 with with ADP bracis-28379 153 10 different different ADJ bracis-28379 153 11 sizes size NOUN bracis-28379 153 12 in in ADP bracis-28379 153 13 the the DET bracis-28379 153 14 same same ADJ bracis-28379 153 15 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 153 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 154 1 instead instead ADV bracis-28379 154 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 154 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 154 4 use use VERB bracis-28379 154 5 \(\mathcal \(\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 154 6 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 154 7 m m NOUN bracis-28379 154 8 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 154 9 = = SYM bracis-28379 154 10 \left\lfloor \left\lfloor PROPN bracis-28379 154 11 max(|\mathcal max(|\mathcal NUM bracis-28379 154 12 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 154 13 v}|_{minibatch v}|_{minibatch NOUN bracis-28379 154 14 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 154 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 154 16 /2 /2 PUNCT bracis-28379 155 1 \right\rfloor \right\rfloor ADV bracis-28379 155 2 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 155 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 155 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 155 5 in in ADP bracis-28379 155 6 which which PRON bracis-28379 155 7 \(max(|\mathcal \(max(|\mathcal ADJ bracis-28379 155 8 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 155 9 v}|_{minibatch})\ v}|_{minibatch})\ NOUN bracis-28379 155 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 155 11 is be AUX bracis-28379 155 12 the the DET bracis-28379 155 13 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-28379 155 14 number number NOUN bracis-28379 155 15 of of ADP bracis-28379 155 16 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 155 17 among among ADP bracis-28379 155 18 the the DET bracis-28379 155 19 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 155 20 in in ADP bracis-28379 155 21 the the DET bracis-28379 155 22 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 155 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 156 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 156 2 use use VERB bracis-28379 156 3 gatedgcn gatedgcn NOUN bracis-28379 156 4 as as ADP bracis-28379 156 5 the the DET bracis-28379 156 6 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 156 7 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-28379 156 8 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 156 9 it it PRON bracis-28379 156 10 preserves preserve VERB bracis-28379 156 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 156 12 updates update VERB bracis-28379 156 13 the the DET bracis-28379 156 14 edge edge NOUN bracis-28379 156 15 features feature VERB bracis-28379 156 16 \(w_{uv}\ \(w_{uv}\ NOUN bracis-28379 156 17 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 156 18 between between ADP bracis-28379 156 19 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 156 20 u u NOUN bracis-28379 156 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 156 22 v v NOUN bracis-28379 156 23 at at ADP bracis-28379 156 24 each each DET bracis-28379 156 25 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 157 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 157 2 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 157 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 157 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 157 5 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 157 6 the the DET bracis-28379 157 7 soft soft ADJ bracis-28379 157 8 attention attention NOUN bracis-28379 157 9 mechanism mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 157 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 157 11 eq eq PROPN bracis-28379 157 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 157 13     SPACE bracis-28379 157 14 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 157 15 enables enable VERB bracis-28379 157 16 the the DET bracis-28379 157 17 model model NOUN bracis-28379 157 18 to to PART bracis-28379 157 19 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 157 20 how how SCONJ bracis-28379 157 21 important important ADJ bracis-28379 157 22 each each DET bracis-28379 157 23 neighbor neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 157 24 v v PROPN bracis-28379 157 25 is be AUX bracis-28379 157 26 for for ADP bracis-28379 157 27 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 157 28 u. u. NOUN bracis-28379 158 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-28379 158 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 158 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 158 4 changed change VERB bracis-28379 158 5 eqs eq NOUN bracis-28379 158 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 158 7     SPACE bracis-28379 159 1 3–6 3–6 NUM bracis-28379 159 2 by by ADP bracis-28379 159 3 replacing replace VERB bracis-28379 159 4 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 159 5 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 159 6 with with ADP bracis-28379 159 7 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 159 8 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 159 9 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 159 10 adding add VERB bracis-28379 159 11 nonlinearity nonlinearity NOUN bracis-28379 159 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 159 13 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 159 14 before before ADP bracis-28379 159 15 calculating calculate VERB bracis-28379 159 16 the the DET bracis-28379 159 17 attention attention NOUN bracis-28379 159 18 coefficients coefficient NOUN bracis-28379 159 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 159 20 resulting result VERB bracis-28379 159 21 in in ADP bracis-28379 159 22 eqs eqs PROPN bracis-28379 159 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 159 24     SPACE bracis-28379 160 1 7–10 7–10 PROPN bracis-28379 160 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 161 1 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 161 2 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 161 3 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 161 4 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 161 5 h'_{u h'_{u NOUN bracis-28379 161 6 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 161 7 = = SYM bracis-28379 161 8 h_{u h_{u NOUN bracis-28379 161 9 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 161 10 + + NOUN bracis-28379 161 11 \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(u^{\ell \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(u^{\ell ADJ bracis-28379 161 12 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 161 13 h_{u h_{u PROPN bracis-28379 161 14 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 161 15 + + CCONJ bracis-28379 161 16 \sum \sum NOUN bracis-28379 161 17 _ _ PUNCT bracis-28379 161 18 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 161 19 v v ADP bracis-28379 162 1 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 162 2 n_{v}}\alpha n_{v}}\alpha PUNCT bracis-28379 162 3 _ _ PUNCT bracis-28379 162 4 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 162 5 uv}\odot uv}\odot ADJ bracis-28379 162 6 v^{\ell v^{\ell PROPN bracis-28379 162 7 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 8 h_{v h_{v NOUN bracis-28379 162 9 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 162 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 162 12 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 162 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 162 14 7 7 NUM bracis-28379 162 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 162 16 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 162 17 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 162 18 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 162 19 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 20 \alpha \alpha ADP bracis-28379 162 21 _ _ NOUN bracis-28379 162 22 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 162 23 uv uv NOUN bracis-28379 162 24 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 25 = = SYM bracis-28379 162 26 \frac{\sigma \frac{\sigma NOUN bracis-28379 162 27 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 162 28 \hat{w}_{uv})}{\sum \hat{w}_{uv})}{\sum VERB bracis-28379 162 29 _ _ PRON bracis-28379 162 30 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 162 31 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 162 32 v v NOUN bracis-28379 162 33 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 34 ' ' PUNCT bracis-28379 162 35 \in \in PROPN bracis-28379 162 36 n_{u}}\sigma n_{u}}\sigma PROPN bracis-28379 162 37 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 162 38 \hat{w}_{u{v \hat{w}_{u{v VERB bracis-28379 162 39 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 40 ' ' PUNCT bracis-28379 162 41 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 162 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 163 1 + + CCONJ bracis-28379 163 2 \varepsilon \varepsilon X bracis-28379 163 3 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 4 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ PROPN bracis-28379 163 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 163 6 8) 8) NUM bracis-28379 163 7 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 163 8 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 163 9 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 163 10 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 11 \hat{w}_{uv \hat{w}_{uv ADJ bracis-28379 163 12 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 13 = = SYM bracis-28379 163 14 \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(a^{\ell \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(a^{\ell ADJ bracis-28379 163 15 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 16 h_{u}^{\ell h_{u}^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 163 17 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 18 + + NOUN bracis-28379 163 19 b^{\ell b^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 163 20 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 21 h_{v}^{\ell h_{v}^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 163 22 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 163 23 + + PUNCT bracis-28379 164 1 c^{\ell c^{\ell NOUN bracis-28379 164 2 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 3 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 164 4 w}_{uv w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 164 5 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 8 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ X bracis-28379 164 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 164 10 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 164 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 12 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 164 13 $ $ SYM bracis-28379 164 14 \begin{aligned \begin{aligne VERB bracis-28379 164 15 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 16 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 164 17 w}^{'}_{uv w}^{'}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 164 18 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 19 = = SYM bracis-28379 164 20 { { PUNCT bracis-28379 164 21 w}_{uv w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 164 22 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 23 + + CCONJ bracis-28379 164 24 \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(\hat{w}_{uv \textrm{relu}(\textrm{ln}(\hat{w}_{uv NOUN bracis-28379 164 25 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 164 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 28 \end{aligned}$$ \end{aligned}$$ PROPN bracis-28379 164 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 164 30 10 10 NUM bracis-28379 164 31 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 164 32 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-28379 164 33 from from ADP bracis-28379 164 34 other other ADJ bracis-28379 164 35 gcn gcn NOUN bracis-28379 164 36 models model NOUN bracis-28379 164 37 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 164 38 this this DET bracis-28379 164 39 work work NOUN bracis-28379 164 40 used use VERB bracis-28379 164 41 a a DET bracis-28379 164 42 readout readout NOUN bracis-28379 164 43 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 164 44 that that PRON bracis-28379 164 45 concatenates concatenate VERB bracis-28379 164 46 the the DET bracis-28379 164 47 global global ADJ bracis-28379 164 48 mean mean NOUN bracis-28379 164 49 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 164 50 the the DET bracis-28379 164 51 max max PROPN bracis-28379 164 52 pooling pooling NOUN bracis-28379 164 53 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 164 54 capturing capture VERB bracis-28379 164 55 the the DET bracis-28379 164 56 average average ADJ bracis-28379 164 57 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 164 58 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-28379 164 59 values value NOUN bracis-28379 164 60 of of ADP bracis-28379 164 61 the the DET bracis-28379 164 62 vertex vertex NOUN bracis-28379 164 63 features feature VERB bracis-28379 164 64 from from ADP bracis-28379 164 65 the the DET bracis-28379 164 66 entire entire ADJ bracis-28379 164 67 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 164 68 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 165 1 combining combine VERB bracis-28379 165 2 two two NUM bracis-28379 165 3 permutation permutation NOUN bracis-28379 165 4 invariant invariant ADJ bracis-28379 165 5 functions function NOUN bracis-28379 165 6 was be AUX bracis-28379 165 7 motivated motivate VERB bracis-28379 165 8 by by ADP bracis-28379 165 9 the the DET bracis-28379 165 10 better well ADJ bracis-28379 165 11 results result NOUN bracis-28379 165 12 obtained obtain VERB bracis-28379 165 13 in in ADP bracis-28379 165 14 the the DET bracis-28379 165 15 initial initial ADJ bracis-28379 165 16 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 165 17 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 165 18 to to ADP bracis-28379 165 19 using use VERB bracis-28379 165 20 only only ADV bracis-28379 165 21 one one NUM bracis-28379 165 22 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 166 1 it it PRON bracis-28379 166 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 166 3 worth worth ADJ bracis-28379 166 4 mentioning mention VERB bracis-28379 166 5 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 166 6 the the DET bracis-28379 166 7 mlp mlp NOUN bracis-28379 166 8 includes include VERB bracis-28379 166 9 two two NUM bracis-28379 166 10 linear linear ADJ bracis-28379 166 11 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 166 12 with with ADP bracis-28379 166 13 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 166 14 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 166 15 that that PRON bracis-28379 166 16 help help VERB bracis-28379 166 17 improves improve VERB bracis-28379 166 18 the the DET bracis-28379 166 19 model model NOUN bracis-28379 166 20 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 166 21 training training NOUN bracis-28379 166 22 stability stability NOUN bracis-28379 166 23 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 166 24 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-28379 166 25 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 166 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 167 1 table table NOUN bracis-28379 167 2     SPACE bracis-28379 167 3 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 167 4 shows show VERB bracis-28379 167 5 the the DET bracis-28379 167 6 details detail NOUN bracis-28379 167 7 of of ADP bracis-28379 167 8 each each DET bracis-28379 167 9 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 167 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 167 11 our our PRON bracis-28379 167 12 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 167 13 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 167 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 168 1 table table NOUN bracis-28379 168 2 1 1 NUM bracis-28379 168 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 169 1 hgsic hgsic ADJ bracis-28379 169 2 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 169 3 detailsfull detailsfull NOUN bracis-28379 169 4 size size NOUN bracis-28379 169 5 table table NOUN bracis-28379 169 6 table table NOUN bracis-28379 169 7 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 169 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 169 9 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 169 10 of of ADP bracis-28379 169 11 the the DET bracis-28379 169 12 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 169 13 model model NOUN bracis-28379 169 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 169 15 state state NOUN bracis-28379 169 16 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 169 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 169 18 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 169 19 art art NOUN bracis-28379 169 20 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 169 21 in in ADP bracis-28379 169 22 the the DET bracis-28379 169 23 cifar-10 cifar-10 PROPN bracis-28379 169 24 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-28379 169 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 170 1 * * PUNCT bracis-28379 170 2 means mean VERB bracis-28379 170 3 the the DET bracis-28379 170 4 target target NOUN bracis-28379 170 5 number number NOUN bracis-28379 170 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 170 7 nodes node NOUN bracis-28379 170 8 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 170 9 the the DET bracis-28379 170 10 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 170 11 do do AUX bracis-28379 170 12 not not PART bracis-28379 170 13 report report VERB bracis-28379 170 14 the the DET bracis-28379 170 15 average average ADJ bracis-28379 170 16 value value NOUN bracis-28379 170 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 170 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 170 19 the the DET bracis-28379 170 20 cells cell NOUN bracis-28379 170 21 with with ADP bracis-28379 170 22 – – PUNCT bracis-28379 170 23 refer refer VERB bracis-28379 170 24 to to ADP bracis-28379 170 25 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 170 26 that that PRON bracis-28379 170 27 have have AUX bracis-28379 170 28 not not PART bracis-28379 170 29 been be AUX bracis-28379 170 30 reported.full reported.full ADJ bracis-28379 170 31 size size NOUN bracis-28379 170 32 table table NOUN bracis-28379 170 33 5.2 5.2 NUM bracis-28379 170 34 quantitative quantitative ADJ bracis-28379 170 35 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 170 36 table table NOUN bracis-28379 170 37     SPACE bracis-28379 170 38 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 170 39 shows show VERB bracis-28379 170 40 the the DET bracis-28379 170 41 results result NOUN bracis-28379 170 42 for for ADP bracis-28379 170 43 the the DET bracis-28379 170 44 hgcic hgcic ADJ bracis-28379 170 45 model model NOUN bracis-28379 170 46 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 170 47 other other ADJ bracis-28379 170 48 state state NOUN bracis-28379 170 49 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 170 50 of of ADP bracis-28379 170 51 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 170 52 the the DET bracis-28379 170 53 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 170 54 art art NOUN bracis-28379 170 55 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 170 56 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 171 1 the the DET bracis-28379 171 2 hgcic hgcic PROPN bracis-28379 171 3 model model NOUN bracis-28379 171 4 was be AUX bracis-28379 171 5 trained train VERB bracis-28379 171 6 using use VERB bracis-28379 171 7 three three NUM bracis-28379 171 8 different different ADJ bracis-28379 171 9 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 171 10 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 171 11 knn knn VERB bracis-28379 171 12 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 171 13 based base VERB bracis-28379 171 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 171 15 hgcic\(_{k}\ hgcic\(_{k}\ NOUN bracis-28379 171 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 17 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 171 19 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 171 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 171 21 based base VERB bracis-28379 171 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 171 23 hgcic\(_{h}\ hgcic\(_{h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 171 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 171 27 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 171 28 complete complete ADV bracis-28379 171 29 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 171 30 based base VERB bracis-28379 171 31 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 171 32 hgcic\(_{c}\ hgcic\(_{c}\ NUM bracis-28379 171 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 171 35 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 172 1 interestingly interestingly ADV bracis-28379 172 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 172 3 the the DET bracis-28379 172 4 hgcic\(_{h}\ hgcic\(_{h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 172 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 172 6 model model NOUN bracis-28379 172 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 172 8 based base VERB bracis-28379 172 9 on on ADP bracis-28379 172 10 the the DET bracis-28379 172 11 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 172 12 structure structure NOUN bracis-28379 172 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 172 14 has have VERB bracis-28379 172 15 a a DET bracis-28379 172 16 much much ADV bracis-28379 172 17 smaller small ADJ bracis-28379 172 18 number number NOUN bracis-28379 172 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 172 20 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 172 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 172 22 outperforms outperform VERB bracis-28379 172 23 the the DET bracis-28379 172 24 other other ADJ bracis-28379 172 25 two two NUM bracis-28379 172 26 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 172 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 173 1 this this DET bracis-28379 173 2 result result NOUN bracis-28379 173 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 173 4 noteworthy noteworthy ADJ bracis-28379 173 5 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 173 6 the the DET bracis-28379 173 7 number number NOUN bracis-28379 173 8 of of ADP bracis-28379 173 9 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 173 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 173 11 a a DET bracis-28379 173 12 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 173 13 directly directly ADV bracis-28379 173 14 impacts impact VERB bracis-28379 173 15 the the DET bracis-28379 173 16 message message NOUN bracis-28379 173 17 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 173 18 passing pass VERB bracis-28379 173 19 step step NOUN bracis-28379 173 20 of of ADP bracis-28379 173 21 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 173 22 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 173 23 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 173 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 173 25 which which PRON bracis-28379 173 26 are be AUX bracis-28379 173 27 designed design VERB bracis-28379 173 28 to to PART bracis-28379 173 29 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 173 30 from from ADP bracis-28379 173 31 the the DET bracis-28379 173 32 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 173 33 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 173 34 structural structural ADJ bracis-28379 173 35 information information NOUN bracis-28379 173 36 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 174 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 174 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 174 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 174 4 findings finding NOUN bracis-28379 174 5 suggest suggest VERB bracis-28379 174 6 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 174 7 the the DET bracis-28379 174 8 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 174 9 captured capture VERB bracis-28379 174 10 by by ADP bracis-28379 174 11 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 174 12 in in ADP bracis-28379 174 13 the the DET bracis-28379 174 14 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 174 15 are be AUX bracis-28379 174 16 more more ADV bracis-28379 174 17 critical critical ADJ bracis-28379 174 18 than than ADP bracis-28379 174 19 the the DET bracis-28379 174 20 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 174 21 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 174 22 number number NOUN bracis-28379 174 23 of of ADP bracis-28379 174 24 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 174 25 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 175 1 this this PRON bracis-28379 175 2 is be AUX bracis-28379 175 3 consistent consistent ADJ bracis-28379 175 4 with with ADP bracis-28379 175 5 prior prior ADJ bracis-28379 175 6 work work NOUN bracis-28379 175 7 showing show VERB bracis-28379 175 8 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 175 9 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-28379 175 10 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 175 11 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 175 12 between between ADP bracis-28379 175 13 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 175 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 175 15 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 175 16 can can AUX bracis-28379 175 17 help help VERB bracis-28379 175 18 improve improve VERB bracis-28379 175 19 gnn gnn NOUN bracis-28379 175 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 175 21     SPACE bracis-28379 176 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 176 2 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 176 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 176 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 177 1 overall overall ADV bracis-28379 177 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 177 3 test test NOUN bracis-28379 177 4 results result NOUN bracis-28379 177 5 demonstrate demonstrate VERB bracis-28379 177 6 the the DET bracis-28379 177 7 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-28379 177 8 of of ADP bracis-28379 177 9 the the DET bracis-28379 177 10 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 177 11 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 177 12 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 177 13 method method NOUN bracis-28379 177 14 in in ADP bracis-28379 177 15 enhancing enhance VERB bracis-28379 177 16 our our PRON bracis-28379 177 17 model model NOUN bracis-28379 177 18 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 177 19 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 177 20 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 178 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-28379 178 2 the the DET bracis-28379 178 3 superior superior ADJ bracis-28379 178 4 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 178 5 of of ADP bracis-28379 178 6 the the DET bracis-28379 178 7 hgcic\(_{h}\ hgcic\(_{h}\ NOUN bracis-28379 178 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 178 9 model model NOUN bracis-28379 178 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 178 11 our our PRON bracis-28379 178 12 work work NOUN bracis-28379 178 13 did do AUX bracis-28379 178 14 not not PART bracis-28379 178 15 achieve achieve VERB bracis-28379 178 16 the the DET bracis-28379 178 17 best good ADJ bracis-28379 178 18 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 178 19 in in ADP bracis-28379 178 20 image image NOUN bracis-28379 178 21 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 178 22 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 179 1 however however ADV bracis-28379 179 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 179 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 179 4 achieved achieve VERB bracis-28379 179 5 a a DET bracis-28379 179 6 competitive competitive ADJ bracis-28379 179 7 result result NOUN bracis-28379 179 8 without without ADP bracis-28379 179 9 resorting resort VERB bracis-28379 179 10 to to ADP bracis-28379 179 11 complex complex ADJ bracis-28379 179 12 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-28379 179 13 that that PRON bracis-28379 179 14 other other ADJ bracis-28379 179 15 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 179 16 used use VERB bracis-28379 179 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 179 18 such such ADJ bracis-28379 179 19 as as ADP bracis-28379 179 20 recurrent recurrent ADJ bracis-28379 179 21 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 179 22 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 179 23     SPACE bracis-28379 180 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 180 2 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 180 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 180 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 180 5 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 180 6 relations relation NOUN bracis-28379 180 7     SPACE bracis-28379 181 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 181 2 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 181 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 181 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 181 5 positional positional ADJ bracis-28379 181 6 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-28379 181 7     SPACE bracis-28379 182 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 182 2 21 21 NUM bracis-28379 182 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 182 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 182 5 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 182 6 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 182 7 fields field NOUN bracis-28379 182 8 to to PART bracis-28379 182 9 define define VERB bracis-28379 182 10 the the DET bracis-28379 182 11 directions direction NOUN bracis-28379 182 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 182 13 information information NOUN bracis-28379 182 14 propagation propagation NOUN bracis-28379 182 15     SPACE bracis-28379 183 1 [ [ X bracis-28379 183 2 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 183 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 183 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 184 1 these these DET bracis-28379 184 2 techniques technique NOUN bracis-28379 184 3 could could AUX bracis-28379 184 4 also also ADV bracis-28379 184 5 be be AUX bracis-28379 184 6 incorporated incorporate VERB bracis-28379 184 7 into into ADP bracis-28379 184 8 our our PRON bracis-28379 184 9 model model NOUN bracis-28379 184 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 184 11 the the DET bracis-28379 184 12 future future NOUN bracis-28379 184 13 to to PART bracis-28379 184 14 boost boost VERB bracis-28379 184 15 its its PRON bracis-28379 184 16 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 184 17 further far ADV bracis-28379 184 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 185 1 another another DET bracis-28379 185 2 factor factor NOUN bracis-28379 185 3 that that PRON bracis-28379 185 4 could could AUX bracis-28379 185 5 affect affect VERB bracis-28379 185 6 our our PRON bracis-28379 185 7 results result NOUN bracis-28379 185 8 is be AUX bracis-28379 185 9 the the DET bracis-28379 185 10 size size NOUN bracis-28379 185 11 of of ADP bracis-28379 185 12 our our PRON bracis-28379 185 13 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 185 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 185 15 which which PRON bracis-28379 185 16 were be AUX bracis-28379 185 17 the the DET bracis-28379 185 18 smallest small ADJ bracis-28379 185 19 among among ADP bracis-28379 185 20 the the DET bracis-28379 185 21 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 185 22 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 185 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 186 1 the the DET bracis-28379 186 2 only only ADJ bracis-28379 186 3 model model NOUN bracis-28379 186 4 with with ADP bracis-28379 186 5 fewer few ADJ bracis-28379 186 6 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-28379 186 7 than than ADP bracis-28379 186 8 ours ours PRON bracis-28379 186 9 was be AUX bracis-28379 186 10 the the DET bracis-28379 186 11 one one NOUN bracis-28379 186 12 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 186 13 by by ADP bracis-28379 186 14     SPACE bracis-28379 186 15 [ [ X bracis-28379 186 16 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 186 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 186 18 but but CCONJ bracis-28379 186 19 with with ADP bracis-28379 186 20 a a DET bracis-28379 186 21 lower low ADJ bracis-28379 186 22 result result NOUN bracis-28379 186 23 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 186 24 to to ADP bracis-28379 186 25 the the DET bracis-28379 186 26 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 186 27 method method NOUN bracis-28379 186 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 187 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-28379 187 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 187 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 187 4 work work NOUN bracis-28379 187 5 demonstrates demonstrate VERB bracis-28379 187 6 a a DET bracis-28379 187 7 promising promising ADJ bracis-28379 187 8 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 187 9 for for ADP bracis-28379 187 10 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 187 11 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 187 12 based base VERB bracis-28379 187 13 image image NOUN bracis-28379 187 14 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 187 15 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 187 16 shows show VERB bracis-28379 187 17 the the DET bracis-28379 187 18 potential potential NOUN bracis-28379 187 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 187 20 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 187 21 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 187 22 for for ADP bracis-28379 187 23 creating create VERB bracis-28379 187 24 effective effective ADJ bracis-28379 187 25 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 187 26 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 187 27 of of ADP bracis-28379 187 28 images image NOUN bracis-28379 187 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 188 1 a a DET bracis-28379 188 2 drawback drawback NOUN bracis-28379 188 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 188 4 the the DET bracis-28379 188 5 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 188 6 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 188 7 in in ADP bracis-28379 188 8     SPACE bracis-28379 188 9 [ [ X bracis-28379 188 10 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 188 11 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 188 12 is be AUX bracis-28379 188 13 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 188 14 they they PRON bracis-28379 188 15 require require VERB bracis-28379 188 16 computing compute VERB bracis-28379 188 17 the the DET bracis-28379 188 18 eigenvalues eigenvalue NOUN bracis-28379 188 19 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 188 20 eigenvectors eigenvector NOUN bracis-28379 188 21 of of ADP bracis-28379 188 22 the the DET bracis-28379 188 23 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 188 24 laplacian laplacian ADJ bracis-28379 188 25 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-28379 188 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 189 1 this this DET bracis-28379 189 2 step step NOUN bracis-28379 189 3 is be AUX bracis-28379 189 4 essential essential ADJ bracis-28379 189 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 189 6 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 189 7 filters filter NOUN bracis-28379 189 8 that that PRON bracis-28379 189 9 depend depend VERB bracis-28379 189 10 on on ADP bracis-28379 189 11 the the DET bracis-28379 189 12 laplacian laplacian ADJ bracis-28379 189 13 eigenbasis eigenbasis NOUN bracis-28379 189 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 189 15 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 189 16 the the DET bracis-28379 189 17 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 189 18 structural structural ADJ bracis-28379 189 19 information information NOUN bracis-28379 189 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 189 21 but but CCONJ bracis-28379 189 22 it it PRON bracis-28379 189 23 can can AUX bracis-28379 189 24 be be AUX bracis-28379 189 25 costly costly ADJ bracis-28379 189 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 190 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-28379 190 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 190 3 since since SCONJ bracis-28379 190 4 the the DET bracis-28379 190 5 laplacian laplacian ADJ bracis-28379 190 6 eigenbasis eigenbasis NOUN bracis-28379 190 7 is be AUX bracis-28379 190 8 specific specific ADJ bracis-28379 190 9 to to ADP bracis-28379 190 10 each each DET bracis-28379 190 11 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 190 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 190 13 models model NOUN bracis-28379 190 14 trained train VERB bracis-28379 190 15 on on ADP bracis-28379 190 16 one one NUM bracis-28379 190 17 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 190 18 may may AUX bracis-28379 190 19 not not PART bracis-28379 190 20 generalize generalize VERB bracis-28379 190 21 well well ADV bracis-28379 190 22 to to ADP bracis-28379 190 23 others other NOUN bracis-28379 190 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 191 1 this this DET bracis-28379 191 2 limitation limitation NOUN bracis-28379 191 3 can can AUX bracis-28379 191 4 restrict restrict VERB bracis-28379 191 5 the the DET bracis-28379 191 6 scalability scalability NOUN bracis-28379 191 7 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 191 8 applicability applicability NOUN bracis-28379 191 9 of of ADP bracis-28379 191 10 these these DET bracis-28379 191 11 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 191 12 to to ADP bracis-28379 191 13 a a DET bracis-28379 191 14 broader broad ADJ bracis-28379 191 15 range range NOUN bracis-28379 191 16 of of ADP bracis-28379 191 17 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 191 18 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 191 19 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 192 1 using use VERB bracis-28379 192 2 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-28379 192 3 gnns gnns NOUN bracis-28379 192 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 192 5 our our PRON bracis-28379 192 6 model model NOUN bracis-28379 192 7 can can AUX bracis-28379 192 8 capture capture VERB bracis-28379 192 9 the the DET bracis-28379 192 10 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 192 11 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 192 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 192 13 the the DET bracis-28379 192 14 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 192 15 without without ADP bracis-28379 192 16 relying rely VERB bracis-28379 192 17 on on ADP bracis-28379 192 18 the the DET bracis-28379 192 19 laplacian laplacian ADJ bracis-28379 192 20 eigenbasis eigenbasis NOUN bracis-28379 192 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 192 22 avoid avoid VERB bracis-28379 192 23 the the DET bracis-28379 192 24 problem problem NOUN bracis-28379 192 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 192 26 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-28379 192 27 to to ADP bracis-28379 192 28 new new ADJ bracis-28379 192 29 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 192 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 193 1 table table NOUN bracis-28379 193 2 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 193 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 194 1 examples example NOUN bracis-28379 194 2 of of ADP bracis-28379 194 3 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-28379 194 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 194 5 the the DET bracis-28379 194 6 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 194 7 models model NOUN bracis-28379 194 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 195 1 images image NOUN bracis-28379 195 2 have have AUX bracis-28379 195 3 been be AUX bracis-28379 195 4 enlarged enlarge VERB bracis-28379 195 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 195 6 easy easy ADJ bracis-28379 195 7 viewing.full viewing.full NOUN bracis-28379 195 8 size size NOUN bracis-28379 195 9 table table NOUN bracis-28379 195 10 5.3 5.3 NUM bracis-28379 195 11 qualitative qualitative ADJ bracis-28379 195 12 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 195 13 in in ADP bracis-28379 195 14 table table NOUN bracis-28379 195 15     SPACE bracis-28379 195 16 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 195 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 195 18 we we PRON bracis-28379 195 19 present present VERB bracis-28379 195 20 the the DET bracis-28379 195 21 qualitative qualitative ADJ bracis-28379 195 22 results result NOUN bracis-28379 195 23 of of ADP bracis-28379 195 24 our our PRON bracis-28379 195 25 models model NOUN bracis-28379 195 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 196 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 196 2 observe observe VERB bracis-28379 196 3 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 196 4 the the DET bracis-28379 196 5 model model NOUN bracis-28379 196 6 trained train VERB bracis-28379 196 7 with with ADP bracis-28379 196 8 the the DET bracis-28379 196 9 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 196 10 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 196 11 based base VERB bracis-28379 196 12 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 196 13 can can AUX bracis-28379 196 14 classify classify VERB bracis-28379 196 15 not not PART bracis-28379 196 16 only only ADV bracis-28379 196 17 simple simple ADJ bracis-28379 196 18 images image NOUN bracis-28379 196 19 but but CCONJ bracis-28379 196 20 also also ADV bracis-28379 196 21 images image NOUN bracis-28379 196 22 that that PRON bracis-28379 196 23 are be AUX bracis-28379 196 24 challenging challenge VERB bracis-28379 196 25 for for SCONJ bracis-28379 196 26 humans human NOUN bracis-28379 196 27 to to PART bracis-28379 196 28 classify classify VERB bracis-28379 196 29 due due ADP bracis-28379 196 30 to to ADP bracis-28379 196 31 their their PRON bracis-28379 196 32 low low ADJ bracis-28379 196 33 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-28379 196 34 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 196 35 only only ADV bracis-28379 196 36 \(32\times \(32\times ADP bracis-28379 196 37 32\ 32\ NUM bracis-28379 196 38 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 196 39 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 196 40 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 197 1 5.4 5.4 NUM bracis-28379 197 2 ablation ablation NOUN bracis-28379 197 3 study study NOUN bracis-28379 197 4 we we PRON bracis-28379 197 5 conducted conduct VERB bracis-28379 197 6 an an DET bracis-28379 197 7 ablation ablation NOUN bracis-28379 197 8 study study NOUN bracis-28379 197 9 to to PART bracis-28379 197 10 assess assess VERB bracis-28379 197 11 the the DET bracis-28379 197 12 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 197 13 impact impact NOUN bracis-28379 197 14 of of ADP bracis-28379 197 15 various various ADJ bracis-28379 197 16 components component NOUN bracis-28379 197 17 in in ADP bracis-28379 197 18 our our PRON bracis-28379 197 19 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 197 20 method method NOUN bracis-28379 197 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 198 1 we we PRON bracis-28379 198 2 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 198 3 our our PRON bracis-28379 198 4 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 198 5 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 198 6 with with ADP bracis-28379 198 7 a a DET bracis-28379 198 8 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-28379 198 9 model model NOUN bracis-28379 198 10 based base VERB bracis-28379 198 11 on on ADP bracis-28379 198 12     SPACE bracis-28379 198 13 [ [ X bracis-28379 198 14 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 198 15 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 198 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 198 17 which which PRON bracis-28379 198 18 has have VERB bracis-28379 198 19 four four NUM bracis-28379 198 20 gatedgcn gatedgcn ADJ bracis-28379 198 21 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 198 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 198 23 a a DET bracis-28379 198 24 global global ADJ bracis-28379 198 25 average average ADJ bracis-28379 198 26 pooling pooling NOUN bracis-28379 198 27 for for ADP bracis-28379 198 28 the the DET bracis-28379 198 29 readout readout NOUN bracis-28379 198 30 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 198 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 198 32 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 198 33 an an DET bracis-28379 198 34 mlp mlp NOUN bracis-28379 198 35 similar similar ADJ bracis-28379 198 36 to to ADP bracis-28379 198 37 ours ours PRON bracis-28379 198 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 198 39 but but CCONJ bracis-28379 198 40 without without ADP bracis-28379 198 41 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 198 42 as as ADP bracis-28379 198 43 in in ADP bracis-28379 198 44 the the DET bracis-28379 198 45 original original ADJ bracis-28379 198 46 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 198 47 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 199 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-28379 199 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 199 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 199 4 tested test VERB bracis-28379 199 5 the the DET bracis-28379 199 6 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 199 7 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 199 8 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 199 9 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 199 10 creation creation NOUN bracis-28379 199 11 method method NOUN bracis-28379 199 12 with with ADP bracis-28379 199 13 a a DET bracis-28379 199 14 simple simple ADJ bracis-28379 199 15 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 199 16 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 199 17 as as SCONJ bracis-28379 199 18 used use VERB bracis-28379 199 19 in in ADP bracis-28379 199 20     SPACE bracis-28379 199 21 [ [ X bracis-28379 199 22 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 199 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 199 24 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 199 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 199 26 17 17 NUM bracis-28379 199 27 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 199 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 199 29 which which PRON bracis-28379 199 30 consists consist VERB bracis-28379 199 31 of of ADP bracis-28379 199 32 the the DET bracis-28379 199 33 concatenation concatenation NOUN bracis-28379 199 34 of of ADP bracis-28379 199 35 the the DET bracis-28379 199 36 average average ADJ bracis-28379 199 37 value value NOUN bracis-28379 199 38 for for ADP bracis-28379 199 39 each each DET bracis-28379 199 40 color color NOUN bracis-28379 199 41 channel channel NOUN bracis-28379 199 42 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 199 43 the the DET bracis-28379 199 44 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 199 45 centroid centroid NOUN bracis-28379 199 46 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 199 47 to to PART bracis-28379 199 48 show show VERB bracis-28379 199 49 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 199 50 a a DET bracis-28379 199 51 more more ADV bracis-28379 199 52 expressive expressive ADJ bracis-28379 199 53 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 199 54 set set NOUN bracis-28379 199 55 can can AUX bracis-28379 199 56 enhance enhance VERB bracis-28379 199 57 the the DET bracis-28379 199 58 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 199 59 of of ADP bracis-28379 199 60 the the DET bracis-28379 199 61 task task NOUN bracis-28379 199 62 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 200 1 table table NOUN bracis-28379 200 2     SPACE bracis-28379 200 3 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 200 4 shows show VERB bracis-28379 200 5 the the DET bracis-28379 200 6 result result NOUN bracis-28379 200 7 of of ADP bracis-28379 200 8 our our PRON bracis-28379 200 9 ablation ablation NOUN bracis-28379 200 10 study study NOUN bracis-28379 200 11 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 201 1 all all DET bracis-28379 201 2 modified modify VERB bracis-28379 201 3 models model NOUN bracis-28379 201 4 showed show VERB bracis-28379 201 5 degradation degradation NOUN bracis-28379 201 6 in in ADP bracis-28379 201 7 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 201 8 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 201 9 to to ADP bracis-28379 201 10 their their PRON bracis-28379 201 11 originals original NOUN bracis-28379 201 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 201 13 proving prove VERB bracis-28379 201 14 the the DET bracis-28379 201 15 benefits benefit NOUN bracis-28379 201 16 of of ADP bracis-28379 201 17 both both CCONJ bracis-28379 201 18 the the DET bracis-28379 201 19 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 201 20 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 201 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 201 22 used used ADJ bracis-28379 201 23 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 201 24 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 202 1 table table NOUN bracis-28379 202 2 4 4 NUM bracis-28379 202 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 203 1 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 203 2 of of ADP bracis-28379 203 3 the the DET bracis-28379 203 4 ablation ablation NOUN bracis-28379 203 5 study study NOUN bracis-28379 203 6 to to PART bracis-28379 203 7 assess assess VERB bracis-28379 203 8 how how SCONJ bracis-28379 203 9 changes change NOUN bracis-28379 203 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 203 11 the the DET bracis-28379 203 12 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 203 13 method method NOUN bracis-28379 203 14 affect affect VERB bracis-28379 203 15 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 203 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 204 1 hgcic\(_{\bullet hgcic\(_{\bullet NOUN bracis-28379 204 2 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 204 3 ^{5f}\ ^{5f}\ NUM bracis-28379 204 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 204 5 are be AUX bracis-28379 204 6 the the DET bracis-28379 204 7 models model NOUN bracis-28379 204 8 with with ADP bracis-28379 204 9 the the DET bracis-28379 204 10 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 204 11 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 204 12 trained train VERB bracis-28379 204 13 with with ADP bracis-28379 204 14 the the DET bracis-28379 204 15 simpler simple ADJ bracis-28379 204 16 5d 5d NUM bracis-28379 204 17 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 204 18 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 204 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 204 20 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 204 21 g4gcn\(_{\bullet g4gcn\(_{\bullet VERB bracis-28379 204 22 } } PUNCT bracis-28379 204 23 \ \ NOUN bracis-28379 204 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 204 25 are be AUX bracis-28379 204 26 trained train VERB bracis-28379 204 27 with with ADP bracis-28379 204 28 the the DET bracis-28379 204 29 full full ADJ bracis-28379 204 30 set set NOUN bracis-28379 204 31 of of ADP bracis-28379 204 32 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 204 33 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 204 34 four four NUM bracis-28379 204 35 gatedgcn gatedgcn NOUN bracis-28379 204 36 layers.full layers.full NUM bracis-28379 204 37 size size NOUN bracis-28379 204 38 table table NOUN bracis-28379 204 39 out out ADP bracis-28379 204 40 of of ADP bracis-28379 204 41 all all DET bracis-28379 204 42 the the DET bracis-28379 204 43 models model NOUN bracis-28379 204 44 tested test VERB bracis-28379 204 45 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 204 46 the the DET bracis-28379 204 47 ones one NOUN bracis-28379 204 48 using use VERB bracis-28379 204 49 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 204 50 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 204 51 in in ADP bracis-28379 204 52     SPACE bracis-28379 204 53 [ [ X bracis-28379 204 54 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 204 55 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 204 56 showed show VERB bracis-28379 204 57 the the DET bracis-28379 204 58 most most ADV bracis-28379 204 59 significant significant ADJ bracis-28379 204 60 decrease decrease NOUN bracis-28379 204 61 in in ADP bracis-28379 204 62 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 204 63 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 205 1 this this PRON bracis-28379 205 2 was be AUX bracis-28379 205 3 due due ADJ bracis-28379 205 4 to to ADP bracis-28379 205 5 the the DET bracis-28379 205 6 limited limited ADJ bracis-28379 205 7 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-28379 205 8 of of ADP bracis-28379 205 9 the the DET bracis-28379 205 10 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 205 11 to to PART bracis-28379 205 12 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 205 13 complex complex ADJ bracis-28379 205 14 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 205 15 from from ADP bracis-28379 205 16 the the DET bracis-28379 205 17 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 205 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 206 1 specifically specifically ADV bracis-28379 206 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 206 3 the the DET bracis-28379 206 4 four four NUM bracis-28379 206 5 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 206 6 in in ADP bracis-28379 206 7 this this DET bracis-28379 206 8 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 206 9 were be AUX bracis-28379 206 10 deemed deem VERB bracis-28379 206 11 insufficient insufficient ADJ bracis-28379 206 12 for for ADP bracis-28379 206 13 the the DET bracis-28379 206 14 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 206 15 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 206 16 learned learn VERB bracis-28379 206 17 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-28379 206 18 to to PART bracis-28379 206 19 converge converge VERB bracis-28379 206 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 206 21 resulting result VERB bracis-28379 206 22 in in ADP bracis-28379 206 23 poor poor ADJ bracis-28379 206 24 representations representation NOUN bracis-28379 206 25 in in ADP bracis-28379 206 26 the the DET bracis-28379 206 27 final final ADJ bracis-28379 206 28 gnn gnn NOUN bracis-28379 206 29 layer layer NOUN bracis-28379 206 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 207 1 among among ADP bracis-28379 207 2 the the DET bracis-28379 207 3 models model NOUN bracis-28379 207 4 trained train VERB bracis-28379 207 5 with with ADP bracis-28379 207 6 the the DET bracis-28379 207 7 simpler simple ADJ bracis-28379 207 8 5d 5d NUM bracis-28379 207 9 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 207 10 vector vector NOUN bracis-28379 207 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 207 12 the the DET bracis-28379 207 13 one one NOUN bracis-28379 207 14 with with ADP bracis-28379 207 15 the the DET bracis-28379 207 16 highest high ADJ bracis-28379 207 17 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-28379 207 18 was be AUX bracis-28379 207 19 the the DET bracis-28379 207 20 model model NOUN bracis-28379 207 21 trained train VERB bracis-28379 207 22 with with ADP bracis-28379 207 23 complete complete ADJ bracis-28379 207 24 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 207 25 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 207 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 208 1 the the DET bracis-28379 208 2 superior superior ADJ bracis-28379 208 3 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 208 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 208 5 this this DET bracis-28379 208 6 model model NOUN bracis-28379 208 7 was be AUX bracis-28379 208 8 because because SCONJ bracis-28379 208 9 the the DET bracis-28379 208 10 distance distance NOUN bracis-28379 208 11 between between ADP bracis-28379 208 12 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 208 13 is be AUX bracis-28379 208 14 not not PART bracis-28379 208 15 a a DET bracis-28379 208 16 reliable reliable ADJ bracis-28379 208 17 indicator indicator NOUN bracis-28379 208 18 of of ADP bracis-28379 208 19 segment segment NOUN bracis-28379 208 20 differences difference NOUN bracis-28379 208 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 209 1 as as ADP bracis-28379 209 2 a a DET bracis-28379 209 3 result result NOUN bracis-28379 209 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 209 5 the the DET bracis-28379 209 6 model model NOUN bracis-28379 209 7 gave give VERB bracis-28379 209 8 similar similar ADJ bracis-28379 209 9 weightage weightage NOUN bracis-28379 209 10 to to ADP bracis-28379 209 11 all all DET bracis-28379 209 12 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 209 13 in in ADP bracis-28379 209 14 the the DET bracis-28379 209 15 message message NOUN bracis-28379 209 16 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 209 17 passing passing NOUN bracis-28379 209 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 209 19 consequently consequently ADV bracis-28379 209 20 prioritizing prioritize VERB bracis-28379 209 21 more more ADJ bracis-28379 209 22 neighbors neighbor NOUN bracis-28379 209 23 to to PART bracis-28379 209 24 perform perform VERB bracis-28379 209 25 the the DET bracis-28379 209 26 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 209 27 aggregation aggregation NOUN bracis-28379 209 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 210 1 similar similar ADJ bracis-28379 210 2 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-28379 210 3 also also ADV bracis-28379 210 4 occurred occur VERB bracis-28379 210 5 in in ADP bracis-28379 210 6 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-28379 210 7 with with ADP bracis-28379 210 8 the the DET bracis-28379 210 9 [ [ X bracis-28379 210 10 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 210 11 ] ] PUNCT bracis-28379 210 12 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 210 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 210 14 where where SCONJ bracis-28379 210 15 the the DET bracis-28379 210 16 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN bracis-28379 210 17 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 210 18 caused cause VERB bracis-28379 210 19 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-28379 210 20 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 210 21 to to PART bracis-28379 210 22 be be AUX bracis-28379 210 23 farther far ADV bracis-28379 210 24 away away ADV bracis-28379 210 25 from from ADP bracis-28379 210 26 others other NOUN bracis-28379 210 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 211 1 again again ADV bracis-28379 211 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 211 3 the the DET bracis-28379 211 4 four four NUM bracis-28379 211 5 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 211 6 are be AUX bracis-28379 211 7 insufficient insufficient ADJ bracis-28379 211 8 for for SCONJ bracis-28379 211 9 the the DET bracis-28379 211 10 information information NOUN bracis-28379 211 11 to to PART bracis-28379 211 12 propagate propagate VERB bracis-28379 211 13 throughout throughout ADP bracis-28379 211 14 the the DET bracis-28379 211 15 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 211 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 212 1 6 6 NUM bracis-28379 212 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN bracis-28379 212 3 this this DET bracis-28379 212 4 work work NOUN bracis-28379 212 5 introduces introduce VERB bracis-28379 212 6 a a DET bracis-28379 212 7 new new ADJ bracis-28379 212 8 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 212 9 for for ADP bracis-28379 212 10 constructing construct VERB bracis-28379 212 11 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 212 12 from from ADP bracis-28379 212 13 images image NOUN bracis-28379 212 14 using use VERB bracis-28379 212 15 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 212 16 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 212 17 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 212 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 213 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-28379 213 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 213 3 it it PRON bracis-28379 213 4 presents present VERB bracis-28379 213 5 a a DET bracis-28379 213 6 new new ADJ bracis-28379 213 7 model model NOUN bracis-28379 213 8 called call VERB bracis-28379 213 9 hgcic hgcic PROPN bracis-28379 213 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 213 11 which which PRON bracis-28379 213 12 has have AUX bracis-28379 213 13 been be AUX bracis-28379 213 14 trained train VERB bracis-28379 213 15 using use VERB bracis-28379 213 16 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 213 17 obtained obtain VERB bracis-28379 213 18 from from ADP bracis-28379 213 19 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 213 20 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 213 21 in in ADP bracis-28379 213 22 three three NUM bracis-28379 213 23 different different ADJ bracis-28379 213 24 adjacency adjacency NOUN bracis-28379 213 25 setups setup NOUN bracis-28379 213 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 214 1 the the DET bracis-28379 214 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 214 3 model model NOUN bracis-28379 214 4 has have AUX bracis-28379 214 5 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-28379 214 6 remarkable remarkable ADJ bracis-28379 214 7 results result NOUN bracis-28379 214 8 by by ADP bracis-28379 214 9 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-28379 214 10 variable variable ADJ bracis-28379 214 11 depth depth NOUN bracis-28379 214 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 214 13 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 214 14 relationships relationship NOUN bracis-28379 214 15 through through ADP bracis-28379 214 16 edges edge NOUN bracis-28379 214 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 214 18 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 214 19 well well ADV bracis-28379 214 20 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 214 21 defined define VERB bracis-28379 214 22 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 214 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 215 1 the the DET bracis-28379 215 2 implications implication NOUN bracis-28379 215 3 of of ADP bracis-28379 215 4 this this DET bracis-28379 215 5 research research NOUN bracis-28379 215 6 are be AUX bracis-28379 215 7 exciting exciting ADJ bracis-28379 215 8 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 215 9 could could AUX bracis-28379 215 10 have have VERB bracis-28379 215 11 a a DET bracis-28379 215 12 far far ADV bracis-28379 215 13 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 215 14 reaching reach VERB bracis-28379 215 15 impact impact NOUN bracis-28379 215 16 on on ADP bracis-28379 215 17 various various ADJ bracis-28379 215 18 applications application NOUN bracis-28379 215 19 that that PRON bracis-28379 215 20 rely rely VERB bracis-28379 215 21 on on ADP bracis-28379 215 22 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 215 23 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 215 24 image image NOUN bracis-28379 215 25 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 215 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 216 1 although although SCONJ bracis-28379 216 2 the the DET bracis-28379 216 3 results result NOUN bracis-28379 216 4 were be AUX bracis-28379 216 5 slightly slightly ADV bracis-28379 216 6 inferior inferior ADJ bracis-28379 216 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 216 8 they they PRON bracis-28379 216 9 still still ADV bracis-28379 216 10 showed show VERB bracis-28379 216 11 promise promise NOUN bracis-28379 216 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 217 1 the the DET bracis-28379 217 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 217 3 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 217 4 utilizes utilize VERB bracis-28379 217 5 significantly significantly ADV bracis-28379 217 6 smaller small ADJ bracis-28379 217 7 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 217 8 than than ADP bracis-28379 217 9 those those PRON bracis-28379 217 10 in in ADP bracis-28379 217 11 previous previous ADJ bracis-28379 217 12 works work NOUN bracis-28379 217 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 217 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 217 15 the the DET bracis-28379 217 16 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 217 17 gcn gcn NOUN bracis-28379 217 18 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 217 19 contains contain VERB bracis-28379 217 20 fewer few ADJ bracis-28379 217 21 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-28379 217 22 yet yet ADV bracis-28379 217 23 still still ADV bracis-28379 217 24 delivers deliver VERB bracis-28379 217 25 promising promising ADJ bracis-28379 217 26 results result NOUN bracis-28379 217 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 218 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-28379 218 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 218 3 the the DET bracis-28379 218 4 ablative ablative ADJ bracis-28379 218 5 study study NOUN bracis-28379 218 6 confirmed confirm VERB bracis-28379 218 7 the the DET bracis-28379 218 8 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN bracis-28379 218 9 that that SCONJ bracis-28379 218 10 the the DET bracis-28379 218 11 choice choice NOUN bracis-28379 218 12 of of ADP bracis-28379 218 13 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-28379 218 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 218 15 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 218 16 positively positively ADV bracis-28379 218 17 impacted impact VERB bracis-28379 218 18 the the DET bracis-28379 218 19 model model NOUN bracis-28379 218 20 ’s ’s PART bracis-28379 218 21 overall overall ADJ bracis-28379 218 22 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 218 23 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 219 1 these these DET bracis-28379 219 2 findings finding NOUN bracis-28379 219 3 highlight highlight VERB bracis-28379 219 4 the the DET bracis-28379 219 5 potential potential NOUN bracis-28379 219 6 of of ADP bracis-28379 219 7 the the DET bracis-28379 219 8 proposed propose VERB bracis-28379 219 9 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 219 10 as as ADP bracis-28379 219 11 a a DET bracis-28379 219 12 more more ADV bracis-28379 219 13 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-28379 219 14 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 219 15 effective effective ADJ bracis-28379 219 16 means mean NOUN bracis-28379 219 17 of of ADP bracis-28379 219 18 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 219 19 construction construction NOUN bracis-28379 219 20 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 219 21 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 219 22 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 220 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 220 2 future future ADJ bracis-28379 220 3 works work NOUN bracis-28379 220 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 220 5 we we PRON bracis-28379 220 6 plan plan VERB bracis-28379 220 7 to to PART bracis-28379 220 8 investigate investigate VERB bracis-28379 220 9 the the DET bracis-28379 220 10 impact impact NOUN bracis-28379 220 11 of of ADP bracis-28379 220 12 attention attention NOUN bracis-28379 220 13 mechanisms mechanism NOUN bracis-28379 220 14 on on ADP bracis-28379 220 15 our our PRON bracis-28379 220 16 approach approach NOUN bracis-28379 220 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 221 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-28379 221 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 221 3 we we PRON bracis-28379 221 4 aim aim VERB bracis-28379 221 5 to to PART bracis-28379 221 6 conduct conduct VERB bracis-28379 221 7 a a DET bracis-28379 221 8 more more ADJ bracis-28379 221 9 in in ADP bracis-28379 221 10 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 221 11 depth depth NOUN bracis-28379 221 12 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 221 13 of of ADP bracis-28379 221 14 the the DET bracis-28379 221 15 relationship relationship NOUN bracis-28379 221 16 between between ADP bracis-28379 221 17 the the DET bracis-28379 221 18 number number NOUN bracis-28379 221 19 of of ADP bracis-28379 221 20 vertices vertex NOUN bracis-28379 221 21 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 221 22 model model NOUN bracis-28379 221 23 performance performance NOUN bracis-28379 221 24 while while SCONJ bracis-28379 221 25 exploring explore VERB bracis-28379 221 26 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 221 27 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 221 28 relations relation NOUN bracis-28379 221 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 222 1 references reference NOUN bracis-28379 222 2 achanta achanta PROPN bracis-28379 222 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 4 r. r. PROPN bracis-28379 222 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 6 shaji shaji PROPN bracis-28379 222 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 8 a. a. PROPN bracis-28379 222 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 10 smith smith PROPN bracis-28379 222 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 12 k. k. PROPN bracis-28379 222 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 14 lucchi lucchi PROPN bracis-28379 222 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 16 a. a. NOUN bracis-28379 222 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 18 fua fua PROPN bracis-28379 222 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 20 p. p. PROPN bracis-28379 222 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 22 süsstrunk süsstrunk NOUN bracis-28379 222 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 222 24 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 222 25 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 222 26 slic slic PROPN bracis-28379 222 27 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 222 28 compared compare VERB bracis-28379 222 29 to to ADP bracis-28379 222 30 state state NOUN bracis-28379 222 31 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 222 32 of of ADP bracis-28379 222 33 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 222 34 the the DET bracis-28379 222 35 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 222 36 art art NOUN bracis-28379 222 37 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 222 38 methods method NOUN bracis-28379 222 39 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 223 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-28379 223 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-28379 223 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 223 4 pattern pattern PROPN bracis-28379 223 5 anal anal PROPN bracis-28379 223 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 224 1 mach mach PROPN bracis-28379 224 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 225 1 intell intell PROPN bracis-28379 225 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 226 1 34(11 34(11 NUM bracis-28379 226 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 226 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 4 2274–2282 2274–2282 NUM bracis-28379 226 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 226 6 2012 2012 NUM bracis-28379 226 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 226 8 article article NOUN bracis-28379 226 9     SPACE bracis-28379 226 10 google google PROPN bracis-28379 226 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 226 12     SPACE bracis-28379 226 13 avelar avelar PROPN bracis-28379 226 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 15 p.h p.h PROPN bracis-28379 226 16 . . PROPN bracis-28379 226 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 18 tavares tavares PROPN bracis-28379 226 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 20 a.r a.r PROPN bracis-28379 226 21 . . PROPN bracis-28379 226 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 23 da da PROPN bracis-28379 226 24 silveira silveira PROPN bracis-28379 226 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 26 t.l t.l PROPN bracis-28379 226 27 . . PROPN bracis-28379 226 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 29 jung jung PROPN bracis-28379 226 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 31 c.r c.r PROPN bracis-28379 226 32 . . PROPN bracis-28379 226 33 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 34 lamb lamb PROPN bracis-28379 226 35 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 226 36 l.c l.c PROPN bracis-28379 226 37 . . PROPN bracis-28379 226 38 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 226 39 superpixel superpixel VERB bracis-28379 226 40 image image NOUN bracis-28379 226 41 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 226 42 with with ADP bracis-28379 226 43 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 226 44 attention attention NOUN bracis-28379 226 45 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 226 46 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 227 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 227 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 227 3 2020 2020 NUM bracis-28379 227 4 33rd 33rd ADJ bracis-28379 227 5 sibgrapi sibgrapi ADJ bracis-28379 227 6 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 227 7 on on ADP bracis-28379 227 8 graphics graphic NOUN bracis-28379 227 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 227 10 patterns pattern NOUN bracis-28379 227 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 227 12 images image NOUN bracis-28379 227 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 227 14 sibgrapi sibgrapi ADJ bracis-28379 227 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 227 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 227 17 pp pp ADJ bracis-28379 227 18 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 228 1 203–209 203–209 NUM bracis-28379 228 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 229 1 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-28379 229 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 229 3 2020 2020 NUM bracis-28379 229 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 229 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 229 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 229 7     SPACE bracis-28379 229 8 beaini beaini NOUN bracis-28379 229 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 10 d. d. PROPN bracis-28379 229 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 12 passaro passaro NOUN bracis-28379 229 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 14 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 229 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 16 létourneau létourneau PROPN bracis-28379 229 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 18 v. v. PROPN bracis-28379 229 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 20 hamilton hamilton PROPN bracis-28379 229 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 22 w. w. PROPN bracis-28379 229 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 24 corso corso PROPN bracis-28379 229 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 26 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 229 27 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 28 liò liò PROPN bracis-28379 229 29 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 229 30 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 229 31 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 229 32 directional directional ADJ bracis-28379 229 33 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 229 34 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 229 35 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 230 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 230 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 230 3 international international ADJ bracis-28379 230 4 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 230 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 230 6 machine machine NOUN bracis-28379 230 7 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 230 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 230 9 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 230 10 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 231 1 748–758 748–758 NUM bracis-28379 231 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 232 1 pmlr pmlr NOUN bracis-28379 232 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 232 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-28379 232 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 232 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 232 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 232 7     SPACE bracis-28379 232 8 bresson bresson PROPN bracis-28379 232 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 232 10 x. x. PROPN bracis-28379 232 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 232 12 laurent laurent NOUN bracis-28379 232 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 232 14 t. t. PROPN bracis-28379 232 15 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 232 16 residual residual ADJ bracis-28379 232 17 gated gate VERB bracis-28379 232 18 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 232 19 convnets convnet NOUN bracis-28379 232 20 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 233 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-28379 233 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-28379 233 3 arxiv:1711.07553 arxiv:1711.07553 NUM bracis-28379 233 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 233 5 2017 2017 NUM bracis-28379 233 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 233 7 corso corso PROPN bracis-28379 233 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 9 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 233 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 11 cavalleri cavalleri PROPN bracis-28379 233 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 13 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 233 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 15 beaini beaini PROPN bracis-28379 233 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 17 d. d. PROPN bracis-28379 233 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 19 liò liò PROPN bracis-28379 233 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 21 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 233 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 23 veličković veličković ADJ bracis-28379 233 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 233 25 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 233 26 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 233 27 principal principal ADJ bracis-28379 233 28 neighbourhood neighbourhood NOUN bracis-28379 233 29 aggregation aggregation NOUN bracis-28379 233 30 for for ADP bracis-28379 233 31 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 233 32 nets net NOUN bracis-28379 233 33 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 234 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 234 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 234 3 advances advance NOUN bracis-28379 234 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 234 5 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 234 6 information information NOUN bracis-28379 234 7 processing processing NOUN bracis-28379 234 8 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 234 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 234 10 vol vol NOUN bracis-28379 234 11 . . PROPN bracis-28379 235 1 33 33 NUM bracis-28379 235 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 235 3 pp pp ADJ bracis-28379 235 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 236 1 13260–13271 13260–13271 NUM bracis-28379 236 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 236 3 2020 2020 NUM bracis-28379 236 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 236 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 236 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 236 7     SPACE bracis-28379 236 8 cousty cousty NOUN bracis-28379 236 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 236 10 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 236 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 236 12 najman najman PROPN bracis-28379 236 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 236 14 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 236 15 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 236 16 incremental incremental ADJ bracis-28379 236 17 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 236 18 for for ADP bracis-28379 236 19 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 236 20 minimum minimum ADJ bracis-28379 236 21 spanning span VERB bracis-28379 236 22 forests forest NOUN bracis-28379 236 23 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 236 24 saliency saliency NOUN bracis-28379 236 25 of of ADP bracis-28379 236 26 watershed watershe VERB bracis-28379 236 27 cuts cut NOUN bracis-28379 236 28 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 237 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 237 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 237 3 soille soille NOUN bracis-28379 237 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 237 5 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 237 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 237 7 pesaresi pesaresi PROPN bracis-28379 237 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 237 9 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 237 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 237 11 ouzounis ouzounis PROPN bracis-28379 237 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 237 13 g.k g.k PROPN bracis-28379 237 14 . . PROPN bracis-28379 237 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 237 16 eds ed NOUN bracis-28379 237 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 237 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 237 19 ismm ismm PROPN bracis-28379 237 20 2011 2011 NUM bracis-28379 237 21 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 238 1 lncs lncs PROPN bracis-28379 238 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 238 3 vol vol NOUN bracis-28379 238 4 . . PROPN bracis-28379 238 5 6671 6671 NUM bracis-28379 238 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 238 7 pp pp ADJ bracis-28379 238 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 239 1 272–283 272–283 NUM bracis-28379 239 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 239 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 239 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 239 5 heidelberg heidelberg PROPN bracis-28379 239 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 239 7 2011 2011 NUM bracis-28379 239 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 239 9 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 240 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21569-8_24 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21569-8_24 PROPN bracis-28379 240 2 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-28379 240 3     SPACE bracis-28379 240 4 math math NOUN bracis-28379 240 5     SPACE bracis-28379 240 6 google google PROPN bracis-28379 240 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 240 8     SPACE bracis-28379 240 9 cousty cousty NOUN bracis-28379 240 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 11 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 240 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 13 najman najman PROPN bracis-28379 240 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 15 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 240 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 17 kenmochi kenmochi PROPN bracis-28379 240 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 19 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 240 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 21 guimarães guimarães PROPN bracis-28379 240 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 23 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 240 24 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 240 25 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 240 26 segmentations segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 240 27 with with ADP bracis-28379 240 28 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 240 29 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 240 30 quasi quasi ADJ bracis-28379 240 31 - - ADJ bracis-28379 240 32 flat flat ADJ bracis-28379 240 33 zones zone NOUN bracis-28379 240 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 35 minimum minimum ADJ bracis-28379 240 36 spanning span VERB bracis-28379 240 37 trees tree NOUN bracis-28379 240 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 240 39 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 240 40 saliency saliency NOUN bracis-28379 240 41 maps map NOUN bracis-28379 240 42 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 241 1 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 241 2 math math PROPN bracis-28379 241 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 242 1 imaging imaging NOUN bracis-28379 242 2 vis vis X bracis-28379 242 3 . . PROPN bracis-28379 242 4 60(4 60(4 NUM bracis-28379 242 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 242 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 7 479–502 479–502 NUM bracis-28379 242 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 242 9 2018 2018 NUM bracis-28379 242 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 242 11 google google NOUN bracis-28379 242 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 242 13     SPACE bracis-28379 242 14 defferrard defferrard NOUN bracis-28379 242 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 16 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 242 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 18 bresson bresson PROPN bracis-28379 242 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 20 x. x. PROPN bracis-28379 242 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 22 vandergheynst vandergheynst ADJ bracis-28379 242 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 242 24 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 242 25 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 242 26 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 242 27 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 242 28 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 242 29 on on ADP bracis-28379 242 30 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 242 31 with with ADP bracis-28379 242 32 fast fast ADJ bracis-28379 242 33 localized localize VERB bracis-28379 242 34 spectral spectral ADJ bracis-28379 242 35 filtering filtering NOUN bracis-28379 242 36 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 243 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 243 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 243 3 advances advance NOUN bracis-28379 243 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 243 5 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 243 6 information information NOUN bracis-28379 243 7 processing processing NOUN bracis-28379 243 8 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 243 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 10 vol vol NOUN bracis-28379 243 11 . . PROPN bracis-28379 243 12 29 29 NUM bracis-28379 243 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 243 14 2016 2016 NUM bracis-28379 243 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 243 16 google google PROPN bracis-28379 243 17 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 243 18     SPACE bracis-28379 243 19 dwivedi dwivedi PROPN bracis-28379 243 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 21 v.p v.p PROPN bracis-28379 243 22 . . PROPN bracis-28379 243 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 24 joshi joshi PROPN bracis-28379 243 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 26 c.k c.k PROPN bracis-28379 243 27 . . PROPN bracis-28379 243 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 29 luu luu PROPN bracis-28379 243 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 31 a.t a.t PROPN bracis-28379 243 32 . . PROPN bracis-28379 243 33 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 34 laurent laurent NOUN bracis-28379 243 35 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 36 t. t. PROPN bracis-28379 243 37 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 38 bengio bengio PROPN bracis-28379 243 39 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 40 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 243 41 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 42 bresson bresson PROPN bracis-28379 243 43 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 243 44 x. x. NOUN bracis-28379 243 45 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 243 46 benchmarking benchmarke VERB bracis-28379 243 47 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 243 48 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 243 49 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 243 50 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 244 1 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 244 2 mach mach PROPN bracis-28379 244 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 245 1 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 245 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 246 1 res re NOUN bracis-28379 246 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 247 1 24(43 24(43 NUM bracis-28379 247 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 247 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 247 4 1–48 1–48 NOUN bracis-28379 247 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 247 6 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 247 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 247 8 mathscinet mathscinet NOUN bracis-28379 247 9     SPACE bracis-28379 247 10 google google PROPN bracis-28379 247 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 247 12     SPACE bracis-28379 247 13 fey fey PROPN bracis-28379 247 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 247 15 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 247 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 247 17 lenssen lenssen NOUN bracis-28379 247 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 247 19 j.e j.e PROPN bracis-28379 247 20 . . PROPN bracis-28379 247 21 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 247 22 fast fast ADJ bracis-28379 247 23 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 247 24 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 247 25 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 247 26 with with ADP bracis-28379 247 27 pytorch pytorch NOUN bracis-28379 247 28 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 247 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 248 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 248 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 248 3 iclr iclr NOUN bracis-28379 248 4 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-28379 248 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 248 6 representation representation NOUN bracis-28379 248 7 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 248 8 on on ADP bracis-28379 248 9 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 248 10 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 248 11 manifolds manifold NOUN bracis-28379 248 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 248 13 2019 2019 NUM bracis-28379 248 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 248 15 google google PROPN bracis-28379 248 16 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 248 17     SPACE bracis-28379 248 18 fey fey PROPN bracis-28379 248 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 20 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 248 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 22 lenssen lenssen NOUN bracis-28379 248 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 24 j.e j.e PROPN bracis-28379 248 25 . . PROPN bracis-28379 248 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 27 weichert weichert PROPN bracis-28379 248 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 29 f. f. PROPN bracis-28379 248 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 31 müller müller PROPN bracis-28379 248 32 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 248 33 h. h. PROPN bracis-28379 248 34 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 248 35 splinecnn splinecnn ADJ bracis-28379 248 36 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 248 37 fast fast ADJ bracis-28379 248 38 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 248 39 deep deep ADJ bracis-28379 248 40 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 248 41 with with ADP bracis-28379 248 42 continuous continuous ADJ bracis-28379 248 43 b b PROPN bracis-28379 248 44 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 248 45 spline spline NOUN bracis-28379 248 46 kernels kernel NOUN bracis-28379 248 47 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 249 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 249 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 249 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-28379 249 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 249 5 the the DET bracis-28379 249 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-28379 249 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 249 8 on on ADP bracis-28379 249 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 249 10 vision vision NOUN bracis-28379 249 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 249 12 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-28379 249 13 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-28379 249 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 249 15 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 249 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 250 1 869–877 869–877 NUM bracis-28379 250 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 250 3 2018 2018 NUM bracis-28379 250 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 250 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 250 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 250 7     SPACE bracis-28379 250 8 guigues guigue NOUN bracis-28379 250 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 250 10 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 250 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 250 12 cocquerez cocquerez PROPN bracis-28379 250 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 250 14 j.p j.p PROPN bracis-28379 250 15 . . PROPN bracis-28379 250 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 250 17 le le X bracis-28379 250 18 men man NOUN bracis-28379 250 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 250 20 h. h. NOUN bracis-28379 250 21 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 250 22 scale scale NOUN bracis-28379 250 23 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 250 24 sets set VERB bracis-28379 250 25 image image NOUN bracis-28379 250 26 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-28379 250 27 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 251 1 int int NOUN bracis-28379 251 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 252 1 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 252 2 comput comput PROPN bracis-28379 252 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 253 1 vision vision PROPN bracis-28379 253 2 68(3 68(3 PROPN bracis-28379 253 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 253 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 5 289–317 289–317 NUM bracis-28379 253 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 253 7 2006 2006 NUM bracis-28379 253 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 253 9 article article NOUN bracis-28379 253 10     SPACE bracis-28379 253 11 math math NOUN bracis-28379 253 12     SPACE bracis-28379 253 13 google google PROPN bracis-28379 253 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 253 15     SPACE bracis-28379 253 16 guimarães guimarães NOUN bracis-28379 253 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 18 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 253 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 20 kenmochi kenmochi PROPN bracis-28379 253 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 22 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 253 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 24 cousty cousty PROPN bracis-28379 253 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 26 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 253 27 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 28 patrocinio patrocinio NOUN bracis-28379 253 29 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 30 z. z. PROPN bracis-28379 253 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 32 najman najman PROPN bracis-28379 253 33 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 253 34 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 253 35 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 253 36 hierarchizing hierarchize VERB bracis-28379 253 37 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 253 38 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 253 39 based base VERB bracis-28379 253 40 image image NOUN bracis-28379 253 41 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-28379 253 42 algorithms algorithm NOUN bracis-28379 253 43 relying rely VERB bracis-28379 253 44 on on ADP bracis-28379 253 45 region region NOUN bracis-28379 253 46 dissimilarity dissimilarity NOUN bracis-28379 253 47 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 254 1 math math NOUN bracis-28379 254 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 255 1 morphol.-theory morphol.-theory NOUN bracis-28379 255 2 appl appl NOUN bracis-28379 255 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 256 1 2(1 2(1 NUM bracis-28379 256 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 256 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 4 55–75 55–75 NUM bracis-28379 256 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 256 6 2017 2017 NUM bracis-28379 256 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 256 8 math math NOUN bracis-28379 256 9     SPACE bracis-28379 256 10 google google PROPN bracis-28379 256 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 256 12     SPACE bracis-28379 256 13 han han PROPN bracis-28379 256 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 15 k. k. PROPN bracis-28379 256 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 17 wang wang PROPN bracis-28379 256 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 19 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 256 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 21 guo guo PROPN bracis-28379 256 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 23 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 256 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 25 tang tang PROPN bracis-28379 256 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 27 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 256 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 29 wu wu PROPN bracis-28379 256 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 256 31 e. e. PROPN bracis-28379 256 32 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 256 33 vision vision PROPN bracis-28379 256 34 gnn gnn PROPN bracis-28379 256 35 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 256 36 an an DET bracis-28379 256 37 image image NOUN bracis-28379 256 38 is be AUX bracis-28379 256 39 worth worth ADJ bracis-28379 256 40 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 256 41 of of ADP bracis-28379 256 42 nodes node NOUN bracis-28379 256 43 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 257 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 257 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 257 3 neurips neurip NOUN bracis-28379 257 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 257 5 2022 2022 NUM bracis-28379 257 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 257 7 google google NOUN bracis-28379 257 8 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 257 9     SPACE bracis-28379 257 10 ioffe ioffe NOUN bracis-28379 257 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 257 12 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 257 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 257 14 szegedy szegedy PROPN bracis-28379 257 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 257 16 c. c. NOUN bracis-28379 257 17 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 257 18 batch batch NOUN bracis-28379 257 19 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-28379 257 20 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 257 21 accelerating accelerate VERB bracis-28379 257 22 deep deep ADJ bracis-28379 257 23 network network NOUN bracis-28379 257 24 training training NOUN bracis-28379 257 25 by by ADP bracis-28379 257 26 reducing reduce VERB bracis-28379 257 27 internal internal ADJ bracis-28379 257 28 covariate covariate ADJ bracis-28379 257 29 shift shift NOUN bracis-28379 257 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 258 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 258 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 258 3 international international ADJ bracis-28379 258 4 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 258 5 on on ADP bracis-28379 258 6 machine machine NOUN bracis-28379 258 7 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 258 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 258 9 pp pp ADJ bracis-28379 258 10 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 259 1 448–456 448–456 NUM bracis-28379 259 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 260 1 pmlr pmlr NOUN bracis-28379 260 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 260 3 2015 2015 NUM bracis-28379 260 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 260 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 260 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 260 7     SPACE bracis-28379 260 8 johnson johnson PROPN bracis-28379 260 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 260 10 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 260 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 260 12 et et PROPN bracis-28379 260 13 al al PROPN bracis-28379 260 14 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 260 15 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 261 1 image image NOUN bracis-28379 261 2 retrieval retrieval NOUN bracis-28379 261 3 using use VERB bracis-28379 261 4 scene scene NOUN bracis-28379 261 5 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 261 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 262 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 262 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 262 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-28379 262 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 262 5 the the DET bracis-28379 262 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-28379 262 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 262 8 on on ADP bracis-28379 262 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 262 10 vision vision NOUN bracis-28379 262 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 262 12 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-28379 262 13 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-28379 262 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 262 15 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 262 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 263 1 3668–3678 3668–3678 NUM bracis-28379 263 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 263 3 2015 2015 NUM bracis-28379 263 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 263 5 google google NOUN bracis-28379 263 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 263 7     SPACE bracis-28379 263 8 knyazev knyazev PROPN bracis-28379 263 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 10 b. b. PROPN bracis-28379 263 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 12 lin lin PROPN bracis-28379 263 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 14 x. x. PROPN bracis-28379 263 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 16 amer amer PROPN bracis-28379 263 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 18 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 263 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 20 taylor taylor PROPN bracis-28379 263 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 263 22 g. g. NOUN bracis-28379 263 23 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 263 24 image image NOUN bracis-28379 263 25 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 263 26 with with ADP bracis-28379 263 27 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 263 28 multigraph multigraph NOUN bracis-28379 263 29 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 263 30 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 264 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 264 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 264 3 sidorov sidorov PROPN bracis-28379 264 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 264 5 k. k. PROPN bracis-28379 264 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 264 7 hicks hicks PROPN bracis-28379 264 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 264 9 y. y. PROPN bracis-28379 264 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 264 11 eds eds PROPN bracis-28379 264 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 264 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 264 14 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-28379 264 15 of of ADP bracis-28379 264 16 the the DET bracis-28379 264 17 british british ADJ bracis-28379 264 18 machine machine PROPN bracis-28379 264 19 vision vision PROPN bracis-28379 264 20 conference conference PROPN bracis-28379 264 21 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 264 22 bmvc bmvc NOUN bracis-28379 264 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 264 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 264 25 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 264 26 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 265 1 223.1 223.1 NUM bracis-28379 265 2 - - SYM bracis-28379 265 3 223.13 223.13 NUM bracis-28379 265 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 266 1 bmva bmva PROPN bracis-28379 266 2 press press NOUN bracis-28379 266 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 266 4 2019 2019 NUM bracis-28379 266 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 266 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 267 1 https://doi.org/10.5244/c.33.223 https://doi.org/10.5244/c.33.223 PROPN bracis-28379 267 2 krizhevsky krizhevsky PROPN bracis-28379 267 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 267 4 a. a. PROPN bracis-28379 267 5 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 267 6 hinton hinton PROPN bracis-28379 267 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 267 8 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 267 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 267 10 et et PROPN bracis-28379 267 11 al al PROPN bracis-28379 267 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 267 13 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 268 1 learning learn VERB bracis-28379 268 2 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-28379 268 3 layers layer NOUN bracis-28379 268 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 268 5 features feature NOUN bracis-28379 268 6 from from ADP bracis-28379 268 7 tiny tiny ADJ bracis-28379 268 8 images image NOUN bracis-28379 268 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 268 10 2009 2009 NUM bracis-28379 268 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 268 12 google google PROPN bracis-28379 268 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 268 14     SPACE bracis-28379 268 15 liu liu PROPN bracis-28379 268 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 17 q. q. PROPN bracis-28379 268 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 19 xiao xiao PROPN bracis-28379 268 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 21 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 268 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 23 yang yang PROPN bracis-28379 268 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 25 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 268 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 27 wei wei PROPN bracis-28379 268 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 268 29 z. z. PROPN bracis-28379 268 30 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 268 31 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-28379 268 32 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 268 33 enhanced enhance VERB bracis-28379 268 34 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 268 35 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 268 36 network network NOUN bracis-28379 268 37 with with ADP bracis-28379 268 38 pixel pixel PROPN bracis-28379 268 39 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 268 40 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 268 41 superpixel superpixel ADJ bracis-28379 268 42 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 268 43 level level NOUN bracis-28379 268 44 feature feature NOUN bracis-28379 268 45 fusion fusion NOUN bracis-28379 268 46 for for ADP bracis-28379 268 47 hyperspectral hyperspectral ADJ bracis-28379 268 48 image image NOUN bracis-28379 268 49 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 268 50 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 269 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-28379 269 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-28379 269 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 270 1 geosci geosci PROPN bracis-28379 270 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 271 1 remote remote ADJ bracis-28379 271 2 sens sen NOUN bracis-28379 271 3 . . PROPN bracis-28379 272 1 59(10 59(10 NUM bracis-28379 272 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 272 3 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 4 8657–8671 8657–8671 NUM bracis-28379 272 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 272 6 2020 2020 NUM bracis-28379 272 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 272 8 article article NOUN bracis-28379 272 9     SPACE bracis-28379 272 10 google google PROPN bracis-28379 272 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 272 12     SPACE bracis-28379 272 13 monti monti PROPN bracis-28379 272 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 15 f. f. PROPN bracis-28379 272 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 17 boscaini boscaini PROPN bracis-28379 272 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 19 d. d. PROPN bracis-28379 272 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 21 masci masci PROPN bracis-28379 272 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 23 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 272 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 25 rodola rodola PROPN bracis-28379 272 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 27 e. e. PROPN bracis-28379 272 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 29 svoboda svoboda PROPN bracis-28379 272 30 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 31 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 272 32 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 33 bronstein bronstein PROPN bracis-28379 272 34 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 272 35 m.m m.m PROPN bracis-28379 272 36 . . PROPN bracis-28379 272 37 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 273 1 geometric geometric ADJ bracis-28379 273 2 deep deep ADJ bracis-28379 273 3 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 273 4 on on ADP bracis-28379 273 5 graphs graph NOUN bracis-28379 273 6 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 273 7 manifolds manifold NOUN bracis-28379 273 8 using use VERB bracis-28379 273 9 mixture mixture NOUN bracis-28379 273 10 model model NOUN bracis-28379 273 11 cnns cnns PROPN bracis-28379 273 12 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 274 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 274 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 274 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-28379 274 4 of of ADP bracis-28379 274 5 the the DET bracis-28379 274 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-28379 274 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-28379 274 8 on on ADP bracis-28379 274 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 274 10 vision vision NOUN bracis-28379 274 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 274 12 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-28379 274 13 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-28379 274 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 274 15 pp pp ADP bracis-28379 274 16 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 275 1 5115–5124 5115–5124 NUM bracis-28379 275 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 275 3 2017 2017 NUM bracis-28379 275 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 275 5 google google NOUN bracis-28379 275 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 275 7     SPACE bracis-28379 275 8 rampášek rampášek NOUN bracis-28379 275 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 10 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 275 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 12 galkin galkin PROPN bracis-28379 275 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 14 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 275 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 16 dwivedi dwivedi PROPN bracis-28379 275 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 18 v.p v.p PROPN bracis-28379 275 19 . . PROPN bracis-28379 275 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 21 luu luu PROPN bracis-28379 275 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 23 a.t a.t PROPN bracis-28379 275 24 . . PROPN bracis-28379 275 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 26 wolf wolf PROPN bracis-28379 275 27 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 28 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 275 29 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 30 beaini beaini PROPN bracis-28379 275 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 32 d. d. NOUN bracis-28379 275 33 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 275 34 recipe recipe NOUN bracis-28379 275 35 for for ADP bracis-28379 275 36 a a DET bracis-28379 275 37 general general ADJ bracis-28379 275 38 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 39 powerful powerful ADJ bracis-28379 275 40 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 275 41 scalable scalable ADJ bracis-28379 275 42 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 275 43 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-28379 275 44 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 276 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 276 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 276 3 advances advance NOUN bracis-28379 276 4 in in ADP bracis-28379 276 5 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 276 6 information information NOUN bracis-28379 276 7 processing processing NOUN bracis-28379 276 8 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 276 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 276 10 vol vol NOUN bracis-28379 276 11 . . PROPN bracis-28379 276 12 35 35 NUM bracis-28379 276 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 276 14 pp pp ADJ bracis-28379 276 15 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 277 1 14501–14515 14501–14515 NUM bracis-28379 277 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 277 3 2022 2022 NUM bracis-28379 277 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 277 5 google google PROPN bracis-28379 277 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 277 7     SPACE bracis-28379 277 8 vasudevan vasudevan PROPN bracis-28379 277 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 10 v. v. ADV bracis-28379 277 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 12 bassenne bassenne NOUN bracis-28379 277 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 14 m. m. NOUN bracis-28379 277 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 16 islam islam PROPN bracis-28379 277 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 18 m.t m.t PROPN bracis-28379 277 19 . . PROPN bracis-28379 277 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 21 xing xing PROPN bracis-28379 277 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 277 23 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 277 24 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 277 25 image image NOUN bracis-28379 277 26 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 277 27 using use VERB bracis-28379 277 28 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 277 29 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 277 30 network network NOUN bracis-28379 277 31 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 277 32 multiscale multiscale ADJ bracis-28379 277 33 wavelet wavelet NOUN bracis-28379 277 34 superpixels superpixel NOUN bracis-28379 277 35 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 278 1 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-28379 278 2 recogn recogn VERB bracis-28379 278 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 279 1 lett lett PROPN bracis-28379 279 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 280 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 280 2 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 280 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 280 4 google google PROPN bracis-28379 280 5 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 280 6     SPACE bracis-28379 280 7 wan wan PROPN bracis-28379 280 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 9 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 280 10 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 11 gong gong PROPN bracis-28379 280 12 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 13 c. c. PROPN bracis-28379 280 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 15 zhong zhong PROPN bracis-28379 280 16 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 17 p. p. PROPN bracis-28379 280 18 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 19 du du PROPN bracis-28379 280 20 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 21 b. b. PROPN bracis-28379 280 22 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 23 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-28379 280 24 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 25 l. l. PROPN bracis-28379 280 26 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 27 yang yang PROPN bracis-28379 280 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 280 29 j. j. PROPN bracis-28379 280 30 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 280 31 multiscale multiscale ADJ bracis-28379 280 32 dynamic dynamic ADJ bracis-28379 280 33 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 280 34 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 280 35 network network NOUN bracis-28379 280 36 for for ADP bracis-28379 280 37 hyperspectral hyperspectral ADJ bracis-28379 280 38 image image NOUN bracis-28379 280 39 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 280 40 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 281 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-28379 281 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-28379 281 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 282 1 geosci geosci PROPN bracis-28379 282 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 283 1 remote remote PROPN bracis-28379 283 2 sens sens PROPN bracis-28379 283 3 . . PROPN bracis-28379 283 4 58(5 58(5 NUM bracis-28379 283 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 283 6 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 7 3162–3177 3162–3177 NUM bracis-28379 283 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 283 9 2019 2019 NUM bracis-28379 283 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 283 11 article article NOUN bracis-28379 283 12     SPACE bracis-28379 283 13 google google PROPN bracis-28379 283 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 283 15     SPACE bracis-28379 283 16 wu wu PROPN bracis-28379 283 17 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 18 z. z. PROPN bracis-28379 283 19 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 20 pan pan PROPN bracis-28379 283 21 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 22 s. s. PROPN bracis-28379 283 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 24 chen chen PROPN bracis-28379 283 25 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 26 f. f. PROPN bracis-28379 283 27 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 28 long long ADV bracis-28379 283 29 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 30 g. g. PROPN bracis-28379 283 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 32 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-28379 283 33 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 34 c. c. PROPN bracis-28379 283 35 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 36 yu yu PROPN bracis-28379 283 37 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 283 38 p. p. NOUN bracis-28379 283 39 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 284 1 a a DET bracis-28379 284 2 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ bracis-28379 284 3 survey survey NOUN bracis-28379 284 4 on on ADP bracis-28379 284 5 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 284 6 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 284 7 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 284 8 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 285 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-28379 285 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-28379 285 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 285 4 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 285 5 netw netw NOUN bracis-28379 285 6 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 286 1 learn learn VERB bracis-28379 286 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 287 1 syst syst PROPN bracis-28379 287 2 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 288 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 288 2 2020 2020 NUM bracis-28379 288 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 288 4 google google PROPN bracis-28379 288 5 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 288 6     SPACE bracis-28379 288 7 download download NOUN bracis-28379 288 8 references reference NOUN bracis-28379 288 9 acknowledgements acknowledgement NOUN bracis-28379 288 10 the the DET bracis-28379 288 11 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 288 12 would would AUX bracis-28379 288 13 like like VERB bracis-28379 288 14 to to PART bracis-28379 288 15 thank thank VERB bracis-28379 288 16 conselho conselho PROPN bracis-28379 288 17 nacional nacional PROPN bracis-28379 288 18 de de X bracis-28379 288 19 desenvolvimento desenvolvimento PROPN bracis-28379 288 20 científico científico PROPN bracis-28379 288 21 e e NOUN bracis-28379 288 22 tecnológico tecnológico PROPN bracis-28379 288 23 cnpq cnpq NOUN bracis-28379 288 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 288 25 universal universal ADJ bracis-28379 288 26     SPACE bracis-28379 288 27 407242/2021 407242/2021 NUM bracis-28379 288 28 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 288 29 0 0 NUM bracis-28379 288 30 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 288 31 pq pq NOUN bracis-28379 288 32     SPACE bracis-28379 288 33 306573/2022 306573/2022 NUM bracis-28379 288 34 - - SYM bracis-28379 288 35 9 9 NUM bracis-28379 288 36 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 288 37 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 288 38 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 288 39 fundação fundação PROPN bracis-28379 288 40 de de X bracis-28379 288 41 amparo amparo PROPN bracis-28379 288 42 à à X bracis-28379 288 43 pesquisa pesquisa PROPN bracis-28379 288 44 do do AUX bracis-28379 288 45 estado estado PROPN bracis-28379 288 46 de de PROPN bracis-28379 288 47 minas minas PROPN bracis-28379 288 48 gerais gerais PROPN bracis-28379 288 49 fapemig fapemig PROPN bracis-28379 288 50 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 288 51 grants grant NOUN bracis-28379 288 52 ppm00006 ppm00006 ADJ bracis-28379 288 53 - - SYM bracis-28379 288 54 18 18 NUM bracis-28379 288 55 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 288 56 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 289 1 this this DET bracis-28379 289 2 study study NOUN bracis-28379 289 3 was be AUX bracis-28379 289 4 also also ADV bracis-28379 289 5 financed finance VERB bracis-28379 289 6 in in ADP bracis-28379 289 7 part part NOUN bracis-28379 289 8 by by ADP bracis-28379 289 9 puc puc PROPN bracis-28379 289 10 minas minas PROPN bracis-28379 289 11 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 289 12 by by ADP bracis-28379 289 13 the the DET bracis-28379 289 14 coordenação coordenação PROPN bracis-28379 289 15 de de PROPN bracis-28379 289 16 aperfeiçoamento aperfeiçoamento PROPN bracis-28379 289 17 de de X bracis-28379 289 18 pessoal pessoal PROPN bracis-28379 289 19 de de PROPN bracis-28379 289 20 nível nível PROPN bracis-28379 289 21 superior superior PROPN bracis-28379 289 22 brasil brasil PROPN bracis-28379 289 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 289 24 capes cape NOUN bracis-28379 289 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 289 26 finance finance NOUN bracis-28379 289 27 code code NOUN bracis-28379 289 28 001 001 NUM bracis-28379 289 29 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 290 1 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 2 information information NOUN bracis-28379 290 3 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 290 4 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 290 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-28379 290 6 image image NOUN bracis-28379 290 7 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 290 8 multimedia multimedia NOUN bracis-28379 290 9 data datum NOUN bracis-28379 290 10 science science NOUN bracis-28379 290 11 laboratory laboratory NOUN bracis-28379 290 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 290 13 imscience imscience NOUN bracis-28379 290 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 290 15 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 290 16 pontifícia pontifícia PROPN bracis-28379 290 17 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-28379 290 18 católica católica PROPN bracis-28379 290 19 de de PROPN bracis-28379 290 20 minas minas PROPN bracis-28379 290 21 gerais gerais PROPN bracis-28379 290 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 290 23 puc puc PROPN bracis-28379 290 24 minas minas PROPN bracis-28379 290 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 290 26 belo belo PROPN bracis-28379 290 27 horizonte horizonte PROPN bracis-28379 290 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 290 29 minas minas PROPN bracis-28379 290 30 gerais gerais PROPN bracis-28379 290 31 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 290 32 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-28379 290 33 joão joão PROPN bracis-28379 290 34 pedro pedro PROPN bracis-28379 290 35 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-28379 290 36 batisteli batisteli PROPN bracis-28379 290 37 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 290 38     SPACE bracis-28379 290 39 silvio silvio PROPN bracis-28379 290 40 jamil jamil PROPN bracis-28379 290 41 ferzoli ferzoli PROPN bracis-28379 290 42 guimarães guimarães PROPN bracis-28379 290 43     SPACE bracis-28379 290 44 & & CCONJ bracis-28379 290 45     SPACE bracis-28379 290 46 zenilton zenilton PROPN bracis-28379 290 47 kleber kleber PROPN bracis-28379 290 48 gonçalves gonçalves PROPN bracis-28379 290 49 do do VERB bracis-28379 290 50 patrocínio patrocínio PROPN bracis-28379 290 51 júnior júnior PROPN bracis-28379 290 52 authors author NOUN bracis-28379 290 53 joão joão PROPN bracis-28379 290 54 pedro pedro PROPN bracis-28379 290 55 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-28379 290 56 batisteliview batisteliview PROPN bracis-28379 290 57 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 58 publications publication NOUN bracis-28379 290 59 search search NOUN bracis-28379 290 60 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 61 on on ADP bracis-28379 290 62 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 290 63 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-28379 290 64     SPACE bracis-28379 290 65 google google PROPN bracis-28379 290 66 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-28379 290 67 silvio silvio PROPN bracis-28379 290 68 jamil jamil PROPN bracis-28379 290 69 ferzoli ferzoli PROPN bracis-28379 290 70 guimarãesview guimarãesview VERB bracis-28379 290 71 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 72 publications publication NOUN bracis-28379 290 73 search search NOUN bracis-28379 290 74 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 75 on on ADP bracis-28379 290 76 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 290 77 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-28379 290 78     SPACE bracis-28379 290 79 google google PROPN bracis-28379 290 80 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-28379 290 81 zenilton zenilton PROPN bracis-28379 290 82 kleber kleber PROPN bracis-28379 290 83 gonçalves gonçalves PROPN bracis-28379 290 84 do do VERB bracis-28379 290 85 patrocínio patrocínio NOUN bracis-28379 290 86 júniorview júniorview PROPN bracis-28379 290 87 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 88 publications publication NOUN bracis-28379 290 89 search search NOUN bracis-28379 290 90 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 91 on on ADP bracis-28379 290 92 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 290 93 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-28379 290 94     SPACE bracis-28379 290 95 google google PROPN bracis-28379 290 96 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-28379 290 97 corresponding correspond VERB bracis-28379 290 98 author author NOUN bracis-28379 290 99 correspondence correspondence NOUN bracis-28379 290 100 to to ADP bracis-28379 290 101 joão joão PROPN bracis-28379 290 102 pedro pedro PROPN bracis-28379 290 103 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-28379 290 104 batisteli batisteli PROPN bracis-28379 290 105 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 291 1 editor editor NOUN bracis-28379 291 2 information information NOUN bracis-28379 291 3 editors editor NOUN bracis-28379 291 4 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 291 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-28379 291 6 federal federal PROPN bracis-28379 291 7 university university PROPN bracis-28379 291 8 of of ADP bracis-28379 291 9 são são PROPN bracis-28379 291 10 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-28379 291 11 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 12 são são PROPN bracis-28379 291 13 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-28379 291 14 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 15 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-28379 291 16 murilo murilo PROPN bracis-28379 291 17 c. c. PROPN bracis-28379 291 18 naldi naldi PROPN bracis-28379 291 19 centro centro PROPN bracis-28379 291 20 universitario universitario PROPN bracis-28379 291 21 da da PROPN bracis-28379 291 22 fei fei PROPN bracis-28379 291 23 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 24 são são PROPN bracis-28379 291 25 bernardo bernardo PROPN bracis-28379 291 26 do do AUX bracis-28379 291 27 campo campo PROPN bracis-28379 291 28 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 29 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-28379 291 30 reinaldo reinaldo PROPN bracis-28379 291 31 a. a. PROPN bracis-28379 291 32 c. c. PROPN bracis-28379 291 33 bianchi bianchi PROPN bracis-28379 291 34 rights right NOUN bracis-28379 291 35 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 291 36 permissions permission NOUN bracis-28379 291 37 reprints reprint NOUN bracis-28379 291 38 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 291 39 permissions permission VERB bracis-28379 291 40 copyright copyright NOUN bracis-28379 291 41 information information NOUN bracis-28379 291 42 © © ADP bracis-28379 291 43 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 291 44 the the DET bracis-28379 291 45 author(s author(s NOUN bracis-28379 291 46 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 291 47 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 48 under under ADP bracis-28379 291 49 exclusive exclusive ADJ bracis-28379 291 50 license license NOUN bracis-28379 291 51 to to ADP bracis-28379 291 52 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 291 53 nature nature PROPN bracis-28379 291 54 switzerland switzerland PROPN bracis-28379 291 55 ag ag PROPN bracis-28379 291 56 about about ADP bracis-28379 291 57 this this DET bracis-28379 291 58 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 291 59 cite cite VERB bracis-28379 291 60 this this DET bracis-28379 291 61 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 291 62 batisteli batisteli NOUN bracis-28379 291 63 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 64 j.p.o j.p.o PROPN bracis-28379 291 65 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 291 66 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 67 guimarães guimarães NOUN bracis-28379 291 68 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 69 s.j.f s.j.f NOUN bracis-28379 291 70 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 291 71 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 72 do do VERB bracis-28379 291 73 patrocínio patrocínio PROPN bracis-28379 291 74 júnior júnior PROPN bracis-28379 291 75 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 291 76 z.k.g z.k.g NOUN bracis-28379 291 77 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 292 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 292 2 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 292 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 292 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 293 1 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-28379 293 2 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 293 3 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-28379 293 4 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 293 5 for for ADP bracis-28379 293 6     SPACE bracis-28379 293 7 image image NOUN bracis-28379 293 8 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 293 9 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 294 1 in in ADP bracis-28379 294 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 294 3 naldi naldi PROPN bracis-28379 294 4 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 294 5 m.c m.c PROPN bracis-28379 294 6 . . PROPN bracis-28379 294 7 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 294 8 bianchi bianchi PROPN bracis-28379 294 9 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 294 10 r.a.c r.a.c ADP bracis-28379 294 11 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 294 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 294 13 eds ed NOUN bracis-28379 294 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 294 15 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-28379 294 16 systems system NOUN bracis-28379 294 17 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 295 1 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-28379 295 2 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 295 3 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 296 1 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-28379 296 2 notes note NOUN bracis-28379 296 3 in in ADP bracis-28379 296 4 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 296 5 science science NOUN bracis-28379 296 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 296 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 296 8 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 296 9 vol vol NOUN bracis-28379 296 10 14196 14196 NUM bracis-28379 296 11 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 297 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 297 2 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 297 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-28379 297 4 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 298 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_5 X bracis-28379 298 2 download download NOUN bracis-28379 298 3 citation citation NOUN bracis-28379 298 4 .ris .ris PUNCT bracis-28379 298 5 .enw .enw PROPN bracis-28379 298 6 .bib .bib PUNCT bracis-28379 299 1 doi doi PROPN bracis-28379 299 2 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_5 PUNCT bracis-28379 299 4 published publish VERB bracis-28379 299 5 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 6 12 12 NUM bracis-28379 299 7 october october PROPN bracis-28379 299 8 2023 2023 NUM bracis-28379 299 9 publisher publisher NOUN bracis-28379 299 10 name name NOUN bracis-28379 299 11 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 12 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 299 13 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 299 14 cham cham PROPN bracis-28379 299 15 print print PROPN bracis-28379 299 16 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-28379 299 17 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 18 978 978 NUM bracis-28379 299 19 - - SYM bracis-28379 299 20 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 299 21 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 299 22 031 031 NUM bracis-28379 299 23 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 299 24 45388 45388 NUM bracis-28379 299 25 - - SYM bracis-28379 299 26 5 5 NUM bracis-28379 299 27 online online ADJ bracis-28379 299 28 isbn isbn NOUN bracis-28379 299 29 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 30 978 978 NUM bracis-28379 299 31 - - SYM bracis-28379 299 32 3 3 NUM bracis-28379 299 33 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 299 34 031 031 NUM bracis-28379 299 35 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 299 36 45389 45389 NUM bracis-28379 299 37 - - SYM bracis-28379 299 38 2 2 NUM bracis-28379 299 39 ebook ebook NOUN bracis-28379 299 40 packages package NOUN bracis-28379 299 41 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 42 computer computer NOUN bracis-28379 299 43 sciencecomputer sciencecomputer NOUN bracis-28379 299 44 science science NOUN bracis-28379 299 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 299 46 r0 r0 NOUN bracis-28379 299 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 299 48 share share VERB bracis-28379 299 49 this this DET bracis-28379 299 50 paper paper NOUN bracis-28379 299 51 anyone anyone PRON bracis-28379 299 52 you you PRON bracis-28379 299 53 share share VERB bracis-28379 299 54 the the DET bracis-28379 299 55 following follow VERB bracis-28379 299 56 link link NOUN bracis-28379 299 57 with with ADP bracis-28379 299 58 will will AUX bracis-28379 299 59 be be AUX bracis-28379 299 60 able able ADJ bracis-28379 299 61 to to PART bracis-28379 299 62 read read VERB bracis-28379 299 63 this this DET bracis-28379 299 64 content content NOUN bracis-28379 299 65 : : PUNCT bracis-28379 299 66 get get VERB bracis-28379 299 67 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-28379 299 68 linksorry linksorry NOUN bracis-28379 299 69 , , PUNCT bracis-28379 299 70 a a DET bracis-28379 299 71 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-28379 299 72 link link NOUN bracis-28379 299 73 is be AUX bracis-28379 299 74 not not PART bracis-28379 299 75 currently currently ADV bracis-28379 299 76 available available ADJ bracis-28379 299 77 for for ADP bracis-28379 299 78 this this DET bracis-28379 299 79 article article NOUN bracis-28379 299 80 . . PUNCT bracis-28379 300 1 copy copy VERB bracis-28379 300 2 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-28379 300 3 link link NOUN bracis-28379 300 4 to to PART bracis-28379 300 5 clipboard clipboard NOUN bracis-28379 300 6 provided provide VERB bracis-28379 300 7 by by ADP bracis-28379 300 8 the the DET bracis-28379 300 9 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 300 10 nature nature PROPN bracis-28379 300 11 sharedit sharedit PROPN bracis-28379 300 12 content content NOUN bracis-28379 300 13 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 300 14 sharing share VERB bracis-28379 300 15 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-28379 300 16 keywords keyword NOUN bracis-28379 300 17 deep deep ADJ bracis-28379 300 18 learning learning NOUN bracis-28379 300 19 graph graph NOUN bracis-28379 300 20 neural neural ADJ bracis-28379 300 21 networks network NOUN bracis-28379 300 22 image image NOUN bracis-28379 300 23 classification classification NOUN bracis-28379 300 24 publish publish NOUN bracis-28379 300 25 with with ADP bracis-28379 300 26 us us PROPN bracis-28379 300 27 policies policy NOUN bracis-28379 300 28 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 300 29 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-28379 300 30 profiles profile NOUN bracis-28379 300 31 silvio silvio PROPN bracis-28379 300 32 jamil jamil PROPN bracis-28379 300 33 ferzoli ferzoli PROPN bracis-28379 300 34 guimarães guimarães PROPN bracis-28379 300 35 view view NOUN bracis-28379 300 36 author author NOUN bracis-28379 300 37 profile profile PROPN bracis-28379 300 38 zenilton zenilton PROPN bracis-28379 300 39 kleber kleber PROPN bracis-28379 300 40 gonçalves gonçalves PROPN bracis-28379 300 41 do do VERB bracis-28379 300 42 patrocínio patrocínio PROPN bracis-28379 300 43 júnior júnior PROPN bracis-28379 300 44 view view PROPN bracis-28379 300 45 author author NOUN bracis-28379 300 46 profile profile NOUN bracis-28379 300 47 search search NOUN bracis-28379 300 48 search search NOUN bracis-28379 300 49 by by ADP bracis-28379 300 50 keyword keyword NOUN bracis-28379 300 51 or or CCONJ bracis-28379 300 52 author author NOUN bracis-28379 300 53 search search NOUN bracis-28379 300 54 navigation navigation NOUN bracis-28379 300 55 find find VERB bracis-28379 300 56 a a DET bracis-28379 300 57 journal journal NOUN bracis-28379 300 58 publish publish VERB bracis-28379 300 59 with with ADP bracis-28379 300 60 us we PRON bracis-28379 300 61 track track VERB bracis-28379 300 62 your your PRON bracis-28379 300 63 research research NOUN bracis-28379 300 64 discover discover VERB bracis-28379 300 65 content content NOUN bracis-28379 300 66 journals journal NOUN bracis-28379 300 67 a a DET bracis-28379 300 68 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 300 69 z z NOUN bracis-28379 300 70 books book NOUN bracis-28379 300 71 a a DET bracis-28379 300 72 - - PUNCT bracis-28379 300 73 z z NOUN bracis-28379 300 74 publish publish NOUN bracis-28379 300 75 with with ADP bracis-28379 300 76 us us PROPN bracis-28379 300 77 journal journal PROPN bracis-28379 300 78 finder finder PROPN bracis-28379 300 79 publish publish VERB bracis-28379 300 80 your your PRON bracis-28379 300 81 research research NOUN bracis-28379 300 82 language language NOUN bracis-28379 300 83 editing edit VERB bracis-28379 300 84 open open ADJ bracis-28379 300 85 access access NOUN bracis-28379 300 86 publishing publishing NOUN bracis-28379 300 87 products product NOUN bracis-28379 300 88 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 300 89 services service NOUN bracis-28379 300 90 our our PRON bracis-28379 300 91 products product NOUN bracis-28379 300 92 librarians librarian VERB bracis-28379 300 93 societies society NOUN bracis-28379 300 94 partners partner NOUN bracis-28379 300 95 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 300 96 advertisers advertiser NOUN bracis-28379 300 97 our our PRON bracis-28379 300 98 brands brand NOUN bracis-28379 300 99 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 300 100 nature nature PROPN bracis-28379 300 101 portfolio portfolio PROPN bracis-28379 300 102 bmc bmc PROPN bracis-28379 300 103 palgrave palgrave PROPN bracis-28379 300 104 macmillan macmillan PROPN bracis-28379 300 105 apress apress PROPN bracis-28379 300 106 discover discover VERB bracis-28379 300 107 your your PRON bracis-28379 300 108 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-28379 300 109 choices choice NOUN bracis-28379 300 110 / / SYM bracis-28379 300 111 manage manage NOUN bracis-28379 300 112 cookies cookie NOUN bracis-28379 300 113 your your PRON bracis-28379 300 114 us us PROPN bracis-28379 301 1 state state NOUN bracis-28379 301 2 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-28379 301 3 rights right NOUN bracis-28379 301 4 accessibility accessibility NOUN bracis-28379 301 5 statement statement NOUN bracis-28379 301 6 terms term NOUN bracis-28379 301 7 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 301 8 conditions condition NOUN bracis-28379 301 9 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-28379 301 10 policy policy NOUN bracis-28379 301 11 help help NOUN bracis-28379 301 12 and and CCONJ bracis-28379 301 13 support support VERB bracis-28379 301 14 legal legal ADJ bracis-28379 301 15 notice notice NOUN bracis-28379 301 16 cancel cancel VERB bracis-28379 301 17 contracts contract NOUN bracis-28379 301 18 here here ADV bracis-28379 301 19 129.74.145.123 129.74.145.123 NUM bracis-28379 301 20 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-28379 301 21 library library PROPN bracis-28379 301 22 er er INTJ bracis-28379 301 23 unit unit NOUN bracis-28379 301 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 301 25 3005732405 3005732405 NUM bracis-28379 301 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 301 27 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-28379 301 28 research research NOUN bracis-28379 301 29 libraries library NOUN bracis-28379 301 30 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 301 31 nerl nerl PROPN bracis-28379 301 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 301 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 301 34 8200828607 8200828607 NUM bracis-28379 301 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 301 36 nerl nerl VERB bracis-28379 301 37 ta ta X bracis-28379 301 38 account account NOUN bracis-28379 301 39 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 301 40 3006206169 3006206169 NUM bracis-28379 301 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 301 42 university university NOUN bracis-28379 301 43 of of ADP bracis-28379 301 44 notre notre PROPN bracis-28379 301 45 dame dame PROPN bracis-28379 301 46 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-28379 301 47 library library NOUN bracis-28379 301 48 ( ( PUNCT bracis-28379 301 49 3000184373 3000184373 NUM bracis-28379 301 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-28379 302 1 © © ADP bracis-28379 302 2 2025 2025 NUM bracis-28379 302 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-28379 302 4 nature nature NOUN