id sid tid token lemma pos bracis-33647 1 1 a a DET bracis-33647 1 2 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 1 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 1 4 based base VERB bracis-33647 1 5 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 1 6 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 1 7 to to AUX bracis-33647 1 8     SPACE bracis-33647 1 9 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 1 10 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 1 11 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 1 12 | | ADV bracis-33647 1 13 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 1 14 nature nature PROPN bracis-33647 1 15 link link PROPN bracis-33647 1 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 1 17 formerly formerly ADV bracis-33647 1 18 springerlink springerlink NOUN bracis-33647 1 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 1 20 skip skip VERB bracis-33647 1 21 to to ADP bracis-33647 1 22 main main ADJ bracis-33647 1 23 content content NOUN bracis-33647 1 24 advertisement advertisement NOUN bracis-33647 1 25 log log NOUN bracis-33647 1 26 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 27 menu menu NOUN bracis-33647 1 28 find find VERB bracis-33647 1 29 a a DET bracis-33647 1 30 journal journal NOUN bracis-33647 1 31 publish publish VERB bracis-33647 1 32 with with ADP bracis-33647 1 33 us we PRON bracis-33647 1 34 track track VERB bracis-33647 1 35 your your PRON bracis-33647 1 36 research research NOUN bracis-33647 1 37 search search NOUN bracis-33647 1 38 cart cart NOUN bracis-33647 1 39 home home NOUN bracis-33647 1 40 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 1 41 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 1 42 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 1 43 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 1 44 a a DET bracis-33647 1 45 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 1 46 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 1 47 based base VERB bracis-33647 1 48 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 1 49 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 1 50 to to AUX bracis-33647 1 51     SPACE bracis-33647 1 52 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 1 53 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 1 54 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 1 55 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 1 56 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 1 57 first first ADV bracis-33647 1 58 online online ADV bracis-33647 1 59 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 60 31 31 NUM bracis-33647 1 61 january january NOUN bracis-33647 1 62 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33647 1 63 pp pp ADP bracis-33647 1 64 18–30 18–30 PROPN bracis-33647 1 65 cite cite VERB bracis-33647 1 66 this this DET bracis-33647 1 67 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 1 68 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 1 69 access access NOUN bracis-33647 1 70 provided provide VERB bracis-33647 1 71 by by ADP bracis-33647 1 72 university university PROPN bracis-33647 1 73 of of ADP bracis-33647 1 74 notre notre PROPN bracis-33647 1 75 dame dame PROPN bracis-33647 1 76 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33647 1 77 library library PROPN bracis-33647 1 78 download download PROPN bracis-33647 1 79 book book NOUN bracis-33647 1 80 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33647 1 81 download download NOUN bracis-33647 1 82 book book NOUN bracis-33647 1 83 epub epub PROPN bracis-33647 1 84 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 1 85 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 1 86 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 1 87 bracis bracis NOUN bracis-33647 1 88 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 1 89 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 1 90 a a DET bracis-33647 1 91 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 1 92 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 1 93 based base VERB bracis-33647 1 94 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 1 95 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 1 96 to to AUX bracis-33647 1 97     SPACE bracis-33647 1 98 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 1 99 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 1 100 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 1 101 download download PROPN bracis-33647 1 102 book book NOUN bracis-33647 1 103 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33647 1 104 download download NOUN bracis-33647 1 105 book book PROPN bracis-33647 1 106 epub epub PROPN bracis-33647 1 107 ghivvago ghivvago PROPN bracis-33647 1 108 damas damas PROPN bracis-33647 1 109     SPACE bracis-33647 1 110 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33647 1 111 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 112 orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-66079 orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-66079 PROPN bracis-33647 1 113 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 1 114 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33647 1 115 torres torre VERB bracis-33647 1 116 anchiêta anchiêta NOUN bracis-33647 1 117     SPACE bracis-33647 1 118 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33647 1 119 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 120 orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-901310 orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-901310 PROPN bracis-33647 1 121 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 1 122 raimundo raimundo PROPN bracis-33647 1 123 santos santos PROPN bracis-33647 1 124 moura moura PROPN bracis-33647 1 125     SPACE bracis-33647 1 126 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33647 1 127 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 128 orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-38309 orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-38309 NOUN bracis-33647 1 129 & & CCONJ bracis-33647 1 130 … … PUNCT bracis-33647 1 131 vinicius vinicius PROPN bracis-33647 1 132 ponte ponte PROPN bracis-33647 1 133 machado machado PROPN bracis-33647 1 134     SPACE bracis-33647 1 135 orcid orcid PROPN bracis-33647 1 136 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 137 orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-84439 orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-84439 ADJ bracis-33647 1 138     SPACE bracis-33647 1 139 show show VERB bracis-33647 1 140 authors author NOUN bracis-33647 1 141 part part NOUN bracis-33647 1 142 of of ADP bracis-33647 1 143 the the DET bracis-33647 1 144 book book NOUN bracis-33647 1 145 series series NOUN bracis-33647 1 146 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 147 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33647 1 148 notes note NOUN bracis-33647 1 149 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 150 computer computer NOUN bracis-33647 1 151 science science NOUN bracis-33647 1 152 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 1 153 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 1 154 lnai lnai ADJ bracis-33647 1 155 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 1 156 volume volume NOUN bracis-33647 1 157 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33647 1 158 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 1 159 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 1 160 included include VERB bracis-33647 1 161 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 162 the the DET bracis-33647 1 163 following follow VERB bracis-33647 1 164 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 1 165 series series NOUN bracis-33647 1 166 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 1 167 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 1 168 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 1 169 on on ADP bracis-33647 1 170 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 1 171 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 1 172 225 225 NUM bracis-33647 1 173 accesses access NOUN bracis-33647 1 174 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 1 175 citation citation NOUN bracis-33647 1 176 abstract abstract NOUN bracis-33647 1 177 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 178 recent recent ADJ bracis-33647 1 179 years year NOUN bracis-33647 1 180 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 1 181 there there PRON bracis-33647 1 182 has have AUX bracis-33647 1 183 been be AUX bracis-33647 1 184 a a DET bracis-33647 1 185 significant significant ADJ bracis-33647 1 186 increase increase NOUN bracis-33647 1 187 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 188 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 1 189 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 1 190 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 1 191 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 1 192 on on ADP bracis-33647 1 193 social social ADJ bracis-33647 1 194 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 1 195 platforms platform NOUN bracis-33647 1 196 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 1 197 becoming become VERB bracis-33647 1 198 deeply deeply ADV bracis-33647 1 199 entrenched entrench VERB bracis-33647 1 200 in in ADP bracis-33647 1 201 online online ADJ bracis-33647 1 202 interactions interaction NOUN bracis-33647 1 203 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 2 1 this this DET bracis-33647 2 2 issue issue NOUN bracis-33647 2 3 has have AUX bracis-33647 2 4 drawn draw VERB bracis-33647 2 5 the the DET bracis-33647 2 6 attention attention NOUN bracis-33647 2 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 2 8 researchers researcher NOUN bracis-33647 2 9 from from ADP bracis-33647 2 10 various various ADJ bracis-33647 2 11 academic academic ADJ bracis-33647 2 12 fields field NOUN bracis-33647 2 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 14 leading lead VERB bracis-33647 2 15 them they PRON bracis-33647 2 16 to to PART bracis-33647 2 17 extend extend VERB bracis-33647 2 18 their their PRON bracis-33647 2 19 focus focus NOUN bracis-33647 2 20 to to PART bracis-33647 2 21 include include VERB bracis-33647 2 22 disciplines discipline NOUN bracis-33647 2 23 such such ADJ bracis-33647 2 24 as as ADP bracis-33647 2 25 natural natural ADJ bracis-33647 2 26 language language NOUN bracis-33647 2 27 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 2 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 29 machine machine NOUN bracis-33647 2 30 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 2 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 32 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 2 33 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 2 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 35 in in ADP bracis-33647 2 36 addition addition NOUN bracis-33647 2 37 to to ADP bracis-33647 2 38 traditional traditional ADJ bracis-33647 2 39 areas area NOUN bracis-33647 2 40 like like ADP bracis-33647 2 41 law law NOUN bracis-33647 2 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 43 sociology sociology NOUN bracis-33647 2 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 45 psychology psychology NOUN bracis-33647 2 46 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 2 47 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 2 48 politics politic NOUN bracis-33647 2 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 3 1 this this DET bracis-33647 3 2 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 3 3 introduces introduce VERB bracis-33647 3 4 an an DET bracis-33647 3 5 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 3 6 for for ADP bracis-33647 3 7 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 3 8 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 3 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 3 10 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 3 11 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 3 12 on on ADP bracis-33647 3 13 social social ADJ bracis-33647 3 14 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 3 15 using use VERB bracis-33647 3 16 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 3 17 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 3 18 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 3 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 4 1 the the DET bracis-33647 4 2 goal goal NOUN bracis-33647 4 3 is be AUX bracis-33647 4 4 to to PART bracis-33647 4 5 apply apply VERB bracis-33647 4 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 4 7 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33647 4 8 the the DET bracis-33647 4 9 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 4 10 of of ADP bracis-33647 4 11 the the DET bracis-33647 4 12 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 4 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 4 14 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 4 15 model model NOUN bracis-33647 4 16 in in ADP bracis-33647 4 17 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 4 18 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 4 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 4 20 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 4 21 content content NOUN bracis-33647 4 22 in in ADP bracis-33647 4 23 textual textual ADJ bracis-33647 4 24 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 4 25 on on ADP bracis-33647 4 26 social social ADJ bracis-33647 4 27 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 4 28 in in ADP bracis-33647 4 29 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 4 30 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 4 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 5 1 an an DET bracis-33647 5 2 important important ADJ bracis-33647 5 3 aspect aspect NOUN bracis-33647 5 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 5 5 this this DET bracis-33647 5 6 research research NOUN bracis-33647 5 7 involves involve VERB bracis-33647 5 8 using use VERB bracis-33647 5 9 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 5 10 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 5 11 models model NOUN bracis-33647 5 12 as as ADP bracis-33647 5 13 language language NOUN bracis-33647 5 14 embedders embedder NOUN bracis-33647 5 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 5 16 language language NOUN bracis-33647 5 17 models model NOUN bracis-33647 5 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 5 19 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33647 5 20 their their PRON bracis-33647 5 21 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 5 22 with with ADP bracis-33647 5 23 the the DET bracis-33647 5 24 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 5 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 5 26 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 5 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 5 28 a a DET bracis-33647 5 29 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 5 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 5 31 based base VERB bracis-33647 5 32 tabular tabular PROPN bracis-33647 5 33 model model NOUN bracis-33647 5 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 6 1 the the DET bracis-33647 6 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33647 6 3 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33647 6 4 uses use VERB bracis-33647 6 5 a a DET bracis-33647 6 6 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 6 7 version version NOUN bracis-33647 6 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 6 9 the the DET bracis-33647 6 10 told tell VERB bracis-33647 6 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 6 12 br br NOUN bracis-33647 6 13 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 6 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 7 1 our our PRON bracis-33647 7 2 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 7 3 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33647 7 4 a a DET bracis-33647 7 5 76 76 NUM bracis-33647 7 6 % % NOUN bracis-33647 7 7 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 7 8 rate rate NOUN bracis-33647 7 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 7 10 a a DET bracis-33647 7 11 75 75 NUM bracis-33647 7 12 % % NOUN bracis-33647 7 13 macro macro ADJ bracis-33647 7 14 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 7 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 7 16 score score NOUN bracis-33647 7 17 using use VERB bracis-33647 7 18 the the DET bracis-33647 7 19 openai openai NOUN bracis-33647 7 20 text text NOUN bracis-33647 7 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 7 22 embedding-3 embedding-3 NUM bracis-33647 7 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 7 24 large large ADJ bracis-33647 7 25 model model NOUN bracis-33647 7 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 8 1 access access NOUN bracis-33647 8 2 provided provide VERB bracis-33647 8 3 by by ADP bracis-33647 8 4 university university PROPN bracis-33647 8 5 of of ADP bracis-33647 8 6 notre notre PROPN bracis-33647 8 7 dame dame PROPN bracis-33647 8 8 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33647 8 9 library library PROPN bracis-33647 8 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 9 1 download download PROPN bracis-33647 9 2 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 9 3 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 9 4 pdf pdf NOUN bracis-33647 9 5 similar similar ADJ bracis-33647 9 6 content content NOUN bracis-33647 9 7 being be AUX bracis-33647 9 8 viewed view VERB bracis-33647 9 9 by by ADP bracis-33647 9 10 others other NOUN bracis-33647 9 11 a a DET bracis-33647 9 12 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 9 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 9 14 based base VERB bracis-33647 9 15 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33647 9 16 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 9 17 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 9 18 for for ADP bracis-33647 9 19 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 9 20 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 9 21 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 9 22 in in ADP bracis-33647 9 23 online online ADJ bracis-33647 9 24 social social ADJ bracis-33647 9 25 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 9 26 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33647 9 27 © © NOUN bracis-33647 9 28 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33647 9 29 tackling tackle VERB bracis-33647 9 30 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 9 31 in in ADP bracis-33647 9 32 arabic arabic ADJ bracis-33647 9 33 social social ADJ bracis-33647 9 34 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 9 35 through through ADP bracis-33647 9 36 advanced advanced ADJ bracis-33647 9 37 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 9 38 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 9 39 article article NOUN bracis-33647 9 40 open open ADJ bracis-33647 9 41 access access NOUN bracis-33647 9 42 21 21 NUM bracis-33647 9 43 november november PROPN bracis-33647 9 44 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33647 9 45 a a DET bracis-33647 9 46 novel novel ADJ bracis-33647 9 47 hybrid hybrid NOUN bracis-33647 9 48 model model NOUN bracis-33647 9 49 of of ADP bracis-33647 9 50 word word NOUN bracis-33647 9 51 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 9 52 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 9 53 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 9 54 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 9 55 to to PART bracis-33647 9 56 identify identify VERB bracis-33647 9 57 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 9 58 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 9 59 abusive abusive ADJ bracis-33647 9 60 content content NOUN bracis-33647 9 61 on on ADP bracis-33647 9 62 social social ADJ bracis-33647 9 63 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 9 64 platform platform NOUN bracis-33647 9 65 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33647 9 66 © © ADP bracis-33647 9 67 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 9 68 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 9 69 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-33647 9 70 with with ADP bracis-33647 9 71 the the DET bracis-33647 9 72 rise rise NOUN bracis-33647 9 73 of of ADP bracis-33647 9 74 online online ADJ bracis-33647 9 75 social social ADJ bracis-33647 9 76 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 9 77 platforms platform NOUN bracis-33647 9 78 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 9 79 increasing increase VERB bracis-33647 9 80 levels level NOUN bracis-33647 9 81 of of ADP bracis-33647 9 82 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 9 83 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 9 84 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 9 85 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-33647 9 86 have have AUX bracis-33647 9 87 become become VERB bracis-33647 9 88 a a DET bracis-33647 9 89 growing grow VERB bracis-33647 9 90 concern concern NOUN bracis-33647 9 91 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 10 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33647 10 2 social social ADJ bracis-33647 10 3 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 10 4 has have AUX bracis-33647 10 5 revolutionized revolutionize VERB bracis-33647 10 6 communication communication NOUN bracis-33647 10 7 itself itself PRON bracis-33647 10 8 in in ADP bracis-33647 10 9 so so ADV bracis-33647 10 10 many many ADJ bracis-33647 10 11 ways way NOUN bracis-33647 10 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 10 13 it it PRON bracis-33647 10 14 has have AUX bracis-33647 10 15 also also ADV bracis-33647 10 16 led lead VERB bracis-33647 10 17 to to ADP bracis-33647 10 18 social social ADJ bracis-33647 10 19 issues issue NOUN bracis-33647 10 20 beyond beyond ADP bracis-33647 10 21 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 10 22 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 10 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 10 24 including include VERB bracis-33647 10 25 cyberbullying cyberbullye VERB bracis-33647 10 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 10 27 misinformation misinformation NOUN bracis-33647 10 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 11 1 the the DET bracis-33647 11 2 anonymity anonymity NOUN bracis-33647 11 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 11 4 online online ADJ bracis-33647 11 5 platforms platform NOUN bracis-33647 11 6 has have AUX bracis-33647 11 7 created create VERB bracis-33647 11 8 virtual virtual ADJ bracis-33647 11 9 public public ADJ bracis-33647 11 10 spaces space NOUN bracis-33647 11 11 where where SCONJ bracis-33647 11 12 intolerance intolerance NOUN bracis-33647 11 13 thrives thrive VERB bracis-33647 11 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 11 15 underscoring underscore VERB bracis-33647 11 16 the the DET bracis-33647 11 17 need need NOUN bracis-33647 11 18 for for ADP bracis-33647 11 19 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 11 20 to to PART bracis-33647 11 21 address address VERB bracis-33647 11 22 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 11 23 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 11 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 11 25 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 11 26 content content NOUN bracis-33647 11 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 11 28 as as ADV bracis-33647 11 29 well well ADV bracis-33647 11 30 as as ADP bracis-33647 11 31 manage manage VERB bracis-33647 11 32 the the DET bracis-33647 11 33 negative negative ADJ bracis-33647 11 34 impacts impact NOUN bracis-33647 11 35 of of ADP bracis-33647 11 36 social social ADJ bracis-33647 11 37 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 11 38 use use NOUN bracis-33647 11 39 [ [ X bracis-33647 11 40 39 39 NUM bracis-33647 11 41 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 11 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 12 1 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 12 2 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 12 3 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 12 4 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 12 5 in in ADP bracis-33647 12 6 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 12 7 on on ADP bracis-33647 12 8 social social ADJ bracis-33647 12 9 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 12 10 platforms platform NOUN bracis-33647 12 11 presents present VERB bracis-33647 12 12 a a DET bracis-33647 12 13 complex complex ADJ bracis-33647 12 14 challenge challenge NOUN bracis-33647 12 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 13 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33647 13 2 being be AUX bracis-33647 13 3 identified identify VERB bracis-33647 13 4 as as ADP bracis-33647 13 5 harmful harmful ADJ bracis-33647 13 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 7 unlawful unlawful ADJ bracis-33647 13 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 9 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 13 10 even even ADV bracis-33647 13 11 criminal criminal ADJ bracis-33647 13 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 13 these these DET bracis-33647 13 14 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 13 15 typically typically ADV bracis-33647 13 16 attract attract VERB bracis-33647 13 17 significant significant ADJ bracis-33647 13 18 engagement engagement NOUN bracis-33647 13 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 13 20 are be AUX bracis-33647 13 21 frequently frequently ADV bracis-33647 13 22 overlooked overlook VERB bracis-33647 13 23 by by ADP bracis-33647 13 24 the the DET bracis-33647 13 25 algorithms algorithm NOUN bracis-33647 13 26 of of ADP bracis-33647 13 27 social social ADJ bracis-33647 13 28 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 13 29 networks network NOUN bracis-33647 13 30 [ [ X bracis-33647 13 31 41 41 NUM bracis-33647 13 32 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 13 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 34 meaning mean VERB bracis-33647 13 35 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 13 36 social social ADJ bracis-33647 13 37 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 13 38 companies company NOUN bracis-33647 13 39 are be AUX bracis-33647 13 40 fully fully ADV bracis-33647 13 41 aware aware ADJ bracis-33647 13 42 of of ADP bracis-33647 13 43 the the DET bracis-33647 13 44 nature nature NOUN bracis-33647 13 45 of of ADP bracis-33647 13 46 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 13 47 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 13 48 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 13 49 its its PRON bracis-33647 13 50 implications implication NOUN bracis-33647 13 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 52 however however ADV bracis-33647 13 53 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 13 54 the the DET bracis-33647 13 55 mechanisms mechanism NOUN bracis-33647 13 56 applied apply VERB bracis-33647 13 57 to to PART bracis-33647 13 58 ensure ensure VERB bracis-33647 13 59 the the DET bracis-33647 13 60 moderation moderation NOUN bracis-33647 13 61 policies policy NOUN bracis-33647 13 62 are be AUX bracis-33647 13 63 very very ADV bracis-33647 13 64 limited limited ADJ bracis-33647 13 65 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 13 66 ineffective ineffective ADJ bracis-33647 13 67 [ [ X bracis-33647 13 68 43 43 NUM bracis-33647 13 69 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 13 70 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 14 1 researchers researcher NOUN bracis-33647 14 2 are be AUX bracis-33647 14 3 developing develop VERB bracis-33647 14 4 advanced advanced ADJ bracis-33647 14 5 algorithms algorithm NOUN bracis-33647 14 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 14 7 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 14 8 to to PART bracis-33647 14 9 effectively effectively ADV bracis-33647 14 10 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 14 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 14 12 filter filter NOUN bracis-33647 14 13 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 14 14 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 14 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 14 16 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 14 17 on on ADP bracis-33647 14 18 social social ADJ bracis-33647 14 19 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 14 20 to to PART bracis-33647 14 21 overcome overcome VERB bracis-33647 14 22 these these DET bracis-33647 14 23 shortcomings shortcoming NOUN bracis-33647 14 24 in in ADP bracis-33647 14 25 current current ADJ bracis-33647 14 26 moderation moderation NOUN bracis-33647 14 27 policies policy NOUN bracis-33647 14 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 15 1 also also ADV bracis-33647 15 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 15 3 understanding understand VERB bracis-33647 15 4 the the DET bracis-33647 15 5 complexities complexity NOUN bracis-33647 15 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 15 7 this this DET bracis-33647 15 8 issue issue NOUN bracis-33647 15 9 is be AUX bracis-33647 15 10 essential essential ADJ bracis-33647 15 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 15 12 including include VERB bracis-33647 15 13 recognizing recognize VERB bracis-33647 15 14 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 15 15 not not PART bracis-33647 15 16 all all DET bracis-33647 15 17 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 15 18 language language NOUN bracis-33647 15 19 necessarily necessarily ADV bracis-33647 15 20 constitutes constitute VERB bracis-33647 15 21 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 15 22 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 15 23 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 15 24 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 15 25 [ [ X bracis-33647 15 26 18 18 NUM bracis-33647 15 27 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 15 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 16 1 factors factor NOUN bracis-33647 16 2 such such ADJ bracis-33647 16 3 as as ADP bracis-33647 16 4 context context NOUN bracis-33647 16 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 16 6 the the DET bracis-33647 16 7 connection connection NOUN bracis-33647 16 8 between between ADP bracis-33647 16 9 speaker speaker NOUN bracis-33647 16 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 16 11 audience audience NOUN bracis-33647 16 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 16 13 dynamics dynamic NOUN bracis-33647 16 14 within within ADP bracis-33647 16 15 social social ADJ bracis-33647 16 16 groups group NOUN bracis-33647 16 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 16 18 the the DET bracis-33647 16 19 particular particular ADJ bracis-33647 16 20 social social ADJ bracis-33647 16 21 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 16 22 platform platform NOUN bracis-33647 16 23 used use VERB bracis-33647 16 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 16 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 16 26 timing timing AUX bracis-33647 16 27 play play VERB bracis-33647 16 28 a a DET bracis-33647 16 29 role role NOUN bracis-33647 16 30 in in ADP bracis-33647 16 31 accurately accurately ADV bracis-33647 16 32 identifying identify VERB bracis-33647 16 33 harmful harmful ADJ bracis-33647 16 34 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 16 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 16 36 including include VERB bracis-33647 16 37 its its PRON bracis-33647 16 38 subforms subform NOUN bracis-33647 16 39 such such ADJ bracis-33647 16 40 as as ADP bracis-33647 16 41 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 16 42 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 16 43 [ [ X bracis-33647 16 44 27 27 NUM bracis-33647 16 45 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 16 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 17 1 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33647 17 2 include include VERB bracis-33647 17 3 distinguishing distinguish VERB bracis-33647 17 4 between between ADP bracis-33647 17 5 counter counter ADJ bracis-33647 17 6 - - NOUN bracis-33647 17 7 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 17 8 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 17 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 17 10 derogatory derogatory ADJ bracis-33647 17 11 language language NOUN bracis-33647 17 12 used use VERB bracis-33647 17 13 for for ADP bracis-33647 17 14 emphasis emphasis NOUN bracis-33647 17 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 17 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 17 17 subtler subtle ADJ bracis-33647 17 18 forms form NOUN bracis-33647 17 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 17 20 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 17 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 17 22 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 17 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 17 24 such such ADJ bracis-33647 17 25 as as ADP bracis-33647 17 26 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN bracis-33647 17 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 17 28 metaphors metaphor NOUN bracis-33647 17 29 [ [ X bracis-33647 17 30 23 23 NUM bracis-33647 17 31 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 17 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 18 1 the the DET bracis-33647 18 2 structure structure NOUN bracis-33647 18 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 18 4 language language NOUN bracis-33647 18 5 communication communication NOUN bracis-33647 18 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 18 7 its its PRON bracis-33647 18 8 relationship relationship NOUN bracis-33647 18 9 with with ADP bracis-33647 18 10 human human ADJ bracis-33647 18 11 perception perception NOUN bracis-33647 18 12 are be AUX bracis-33647 18 13 key key ADJ bracis-33647 18 14 factors factor NOUN bracis-33647 18 15 in in ADP bracis-33647 18 16 uncovering uncover VERB bracis-33647 18 17 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 18 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 18 19 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 18 20 online online NOUN bracis-33647 18 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 19 1 due due ADP bracis-33647 19 2 to to ADP bracis-33647 19 3 the the DET bracis-33647 19 4 difficulties difficulty NOUN bracis-33647 19 5 presented present VERB bracis-33647 19 6 in in ADP bracis-33647 19 7 this this DET bracis-33647 19 8 task task NOUN bracis-33647 19 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 19 10 researchers researcher NOUN bracis-33647 19 11 are be AUX bracis-33647 19 12 investigating investigate VERB bracis-33647 19 13 different different ADJ bracis-33647 19 14 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 19 15 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 19 16 to to PART bracis-33647 19 17 address address VERB bracis-33647 19 18 it it PRON bracis-33647 19 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 19 20 have have AUX bracis-33647 19 21 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 19 22 other other ADJ bracis-33647 19 23 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 19 24 beyond beyond ADP bracis-33647 19 25 full full ADJ bracis-33647 19 26 supervision supervision NOUN bracis-33647 19 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 20 1 these these DET bracis-33647 20 2 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 20 3 encompass encompass VERB bracis-33647 20 4 a a DET bracis-33647 20 5 range range NOUN bracis-33647 20 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 20 7 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 20 8 from from ADP bracis-33647 20 9 classical classical ADJ bracis-33647 20 10 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 20 11 like like ADP bracis-33647 20 12 term term NOUN bracis-33647 20 13 frequency frequency NOUN bracis-33647 20 14 — — PUNCT bracis-33647 20 15 inverse inverse ADJ bracis-33647 20 16 document document NOUN bracis-33647 20 17 frequency frequency NOUN bracis-33647 20 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 20 19 tf tf PROPN bracis-33647 20 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 20 21 idf idf NOUN bracis-33647 20 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 20 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 20 24 bag bag NOUN bracis-33647 20 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 20 26 of of ADP bracis-33647 20 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 20 28 words word NOUN bracis-33647 20 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 20 30 bow bow NOUN bracis-33647 20 31 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 20 32 to to ADP bracis-33647 20 33 vector vector NOUN bracis-33647 20 34 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 20 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 20 36 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 20 37 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 20 38 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33647 20 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 20 40 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 20 41 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 20 42 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 20 43 based base VERB bracis-33647 20 44 models model NOUN bracis-33647 20 45 [ [ X bracis-33647 20 46 27 27 NUM bracis-33647 20 47 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 20 48 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 21 1 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 21 2 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 21 3 have have AUX bracis-33647 21 4 advanced advance VERB bracis-33647 21 5 to to PART bracis-33647 21 6 incorporate incorporate VERB bracis-33647 21 7 hybrid hybrid ADJ bracis-33647 21 8 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 21 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 21 10 multimodal multimodal NOUN bracis-33647 21 11 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 21 12     SPACE bracis-33647 22 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 22 2 19 19 NUM bracis-33647 22 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 22 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 22 5 language language NOUN bracis-33647 22 6 models model NOUN bracis-33647 22 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 22 8 lms lm NOUN bracis-33647 22 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 22 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 22 11 graph graph NOUN bracis-33647 22 12 machine machine NOUN bracis-33647 22 13 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 22 14 [ [ X bracis-33647 22 15 37 37 NUM bracis-33647 22 16 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 22 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 22 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 22 19 the the DET bracis-33647 22 20 use use NOUN bracis-33647 22 21 of of ADP bracis-33647 22 22 large large ADJ bracis-33647 22 23 language language NOUN bracis-33647 22 24 models model NOUN bracis-33647 22 25 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 22 26 llms llm NOUN bracis-33647 22 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 22 28     SPACE bracis-33647 23 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 23 2 24 24 NUM bracis-33647 23 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 23 4 showing show VERB bracis-33647 23 5 promising promising ADJ bracis-33647 23 6 results result NOUN bracis-33647 23 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 24 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33647 24 2 the the DET bracis-33647 24 3 various various ADJ bracis-33647 24 4 existing exist VERB bracis-33647 24 5 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 24 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 24 7 there there PRON bracis-33647 24 8 is be VERB bracis-33647 24 9 a a DET bracis-33647 24 10 lack lack NOUN bracis-33647 24 11 of of ADP bracis-33647 24 12 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33647 24 13 into into ADP bracis-33647 24 14 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 24 15 for for ADP bracis-33647 24 16 structured structured ADJ bracis-33647 24 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 24 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 24 19 such such ADJ bracis-33647 24 20 as as ADP bracis-33647 24 21 tabular tabular PROPN bracis-33647 24 22 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 24 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 25 1 this this DET bracis-33647 25 2 work work NOUN bracis-33647 25 3 looks look VERB bracis-33647 25 4 at at ADP bracis-33647 25 5 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 25 6 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 25 7 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 25 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 25 9 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 25 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 25 11 as as ADP bracis-33647 25 12 a a DET bracis-33647 25 13 viable viable ADJ bracis-33647 25 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 25 15 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-33647 25 16 tool tool NOUN bracis-33647 25 17 for for ADP bracis-33647 25 18 bringing bring VERB bracis-33647 25 19 diversity diversity NOUN bracis-33647 25 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 25 21 unconventional unconventional ADJ bracis-33647 25 22 alternatives alternative NOUN bracis-33647 25 23 into into ADP bracis-33647 25 24 text text NOUN bracis-33647 25 25 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 25 26 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 25 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 26 1 applying apply VERB bracis-33647 26 2 tdl tdl NOUN bracis-33647 26 3 models model NOUN bracis-33647 26 4 to to PART bracis-33647 26 5 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 26 6 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 26 7 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 26 8 can can AUX bracis-33647 26 9 provide provide VERB bracis-33647 26 10 various various ADJ bracis-33647 26 11 benefits benefit NOUN bracis-33647 26 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 13 including include VERB bracis-33647 26 14 those those PRON bracis-33647 26 15 found find VERB bracis-33647 26 16 in in ADP bracis-33647 26 17 the the DET bracis-33647 26 18 most most ADV bracis-33647 26 19 commonly commonly ADV bracis-33647 26 20 used use VERB bracis-33647 26 21 models model NOUN bracis-33647 26 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 26 23 svm svm PROPN bracis-33647 26 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 25 xgboost xgboost ADV bracis-33647 26 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 27 lightgbm lightgbm ADJ bracis-33647 26 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 26 30 neural neural ADJ bracis-33647 26 31 networks network NOUN bracis-33647 26 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 26 33 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 26 34 those those PRON bracis-33647 26 35 that that PRON bracis-33647 26 36 exceed exceed VERB bracis-33647 26 37 its its PRON bracis-33647 26 38 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33647 26 39 when when SCONJ bracis-33647 26 40 handling handle VERB bracis-33647 26 41 raw raw ADJ bracis-33647 26 42 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ bracis-33647 26 43 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 26 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 45 such such ADJ bracis-33647 26 46 as as ADP bracis-33647 26 47 texts text NOUN bracis-33647 26 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 49 sequences sequence NOUN bracis-33647 26 50 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 51 images image NOUN bracis-33647 26 52 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 53 audio audio NOUN bracis-33647 26 54 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 26 55 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 26 56 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 26 57 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 27 1 integrating integrate VERB bracis-33647 27 2 with with ADP bracis-33647 27 3 other other ADJ bracis-33647 27 4 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 27 5 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 27 6 models model NOUN bracis-33647 27 7 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 27 8 complex complex ADJ bracis-33647 27 9 representation representation NOUN bracis-33647 27 10 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 27 11 is be AUX bracis-33647 27 12 also also ADV bracis-33647 27 13 a a DET bracis-33647 27 14 limitation limitation NOUN bracis-33647 27 15 in in ADP bracis-33647 27 16 most most ADJ bracis-33647 27 17 traditional traditional ADJ bracis-33647 27 18 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 27 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 27 20 mainly mainly ADV bracis-33647 27 21 in in ADP bracis-33647 27 22 gradient gradient ADJ bracis-33647 27 23 boosting boost VERB bracis-33647 27 24 decision decision NOUN bracis-33647 27 25 trees tree NOUN bracis-33647 27 26 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 27 27 gbdts gbdts NOUN bracis-33647 27 28 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 27 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 27 30 in in ADP bracis-33647 27 31 addition addition NOUN bracis-33647 27 32 to to ADP bracis-33647 27 33 low low ADJ bracis-33647 27 34 flexibility flexibility NOUN bracis-33647 27 35 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 27 36 inability inability NOUN bracis-33647 27 37 to to PART bracis-33647 27 38 work work VERB bracis-33647 27 39 with with ADP bracis-33647 27 40 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 27 41 relational relational ADJ bracis-33647 27 42 databases database NOUN bracis-33647 27 43 complexity complexity NOUN bracis-33647 27 44 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 27 45 dimensionality dimensionality NOUN bracis-33647 27 46 [ [ X bracis-33647 27 47 15 15 NUM bracis-33647 27 48 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 27 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 28 1 this this DET bracis-33647 28 2 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 28 3 introduces introduce VERB bracis-33647 28 4 an an DET bracis-33647 28 5 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 28 6 to to PART bracis-33647 28 7 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 28 8 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 28 9 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 28 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 28 11 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 28 12 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 28 13 in in ADP bracis-33647 28 14 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 28 15 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 28 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 28 17 employing employ VERB bracis-33647 28 18 the the DET bracis-33647 28 19 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 28 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 28 21 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 28 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 28 23 ftt ftt NOUN bracis-33647 28 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 29 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 29 2 13 13 NUM bracis-33647 29 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 29 4 model model NOUN bracis-33647 29 5 as as ADP bracis-33647 29 6 a a DET bracis-33647 29 7 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 29 8 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 29 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 30 1 external external ADJ bracis-33647 30 2 text text NOUN bracis-33647 30 3 encoders encoder NOUN bracis-33647 30 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 30 5 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 30 6 text text NOUN bracis-33647 30 7 embedders embedder NOUN bracis-33647 30 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 30 9 te te PROPN bracis-33647 30 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 31 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 31 2 15 15 NUM bracis-33647 31 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 31 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 31 5 are be AUX bracis-33647 31 6 applied apply VERB bracis-33647 31 7 to to ADP bracis-33647 31 8 the the DET bracis-33647 31 9 ftt ftt PROPN bracis-33647 31 10 model model NOUN bracis-33647 31 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 32 1 these these DET bracis-33647 32 2 tes tes NOUN bracis-33647 32 3 can can AUX bracis-33647 32 4 be be AUX bracis-33647 32 5 driven drive VERB bracis-33647 32 6 by by ADP bracis-33647 32 7 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 32 8 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 32 9 models model NOUN bracis-33647 32 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 32 11 pre pre ADJ bracis-33647 32 12 - - ADJ bracis-33647 32 13 trained train VERB bracis-33647 32 14 language language NOUN bracis-33647 32 15 models model NOUN bracis-33647 32 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 32 17 ptlms ptlm NOUN bracis-33647 32 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 32 19 to to PART bracis-33647 32 20 transform transform VERB bracis-33647 32 21 raw raw ADJ bracis-33647 32 22 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 32 23 tokenized tokenized ADJ bracis-33647 32 24 text text NOUN bracis-33647 32 25 into into ADP bracis-33647 32 26 meaningful meaningful ADJ bracis-33647 32 27 embedded embed VERB bracis-33647 32 28 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 32 29 known know VERB bracis-33647 32 30 as as ADP bracis-33647 32 31 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 32 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 33 1 this this DET bracis-33647 33 2 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 33 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 33 4 based base VERB bracis-33647 33 5 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 33 6 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 33 7 was be AUX bracis-33647 33 8 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33647 33 9 using use VERB bracis-33647 33 10 the the DET bracis-33647 33 11 told tell VERB bracis-33647 33 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 33 13 br br NOUN bracis-33647 34 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 34 2 17 17 NUM bracis-33647 34 3 ] ] X bracis-33647 34 4 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 34 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 34 6 where where SCONJ bracis-33647 34 7 various various ADJ bracis-33647 34 8 models model NOUN bracis-33647 34 9 were be AUX bracis-33647 34 10 used use VERB bracis-33647 34 11 to to PART bracis-33647 34 12 generate generate VERB bracis-33647 34 13 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 34 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 35 1 although although SCONJ bracis-33647 35 2 the the DET bracis-33647 35 3 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33647 35 4 have have AUX bracis-33647 35 5 not not PART bracis-33647 35 6 outperformed outperform VERB bracis-33647 35 7 all all DET bracis-33647 35 8 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 35 9 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 35 10 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 35 11 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 35 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 35 13 compared compare VERB bracis-33647 35 14 to to ADP bracis-33647 35 15 other other ADJ bracis-33647 35 16 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 35 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 35 18 this this DET bracis-33647 35 19 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 35 20 has have AUX bracis-33647 35 21 shown show VERB bracis-33647 35 22 competitive competitive ADJ bracis-33647 35 23 results result NOUN bracis-33647 35 24 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 35 25 it it PRON bracis-33647 35 26 requires require VERB bracis-33647 35 27 fewer few ADJ bracis-33647 35 28 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 35 29 resources resource NOUN bracis-33647 35 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 35 31 allows allow VERB bracis-33647 35 32 faster fast ADJ bracis-33647 35 33 training training NOUN bracis-33647 35 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 35 35 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 35 36 does do AUX bracis-33647 35 37 not not PART bracis-33647 35 38 use use VERB bracis-33647 35 39 any any DET bracis-33647 35 40 output output NOUN bracis-33647 35 41 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-33647 35 42 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 35 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 36 1 the the DET bracis-33647 36 2 structure structure NOUN bracis-33647 36 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 36 4 this this DET bracis-33647 36 5 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 36 6 is be AUX bracis-33647 36 7 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 36 8 follows follow VERB bracis-33647 36 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 36 10 sect sect NOUN bracis-33647 36 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 36 12     SPACE bracis-33647 37 1 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 37 2 provides provide VERB bracis-33647 37 3 a a DET bracis-33647 37 4 concise concise ADJ bracis-33647 37 5 overview overview NOUN bracis-33647 37 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 37 7 related related ADJ bracis-33647 37 8 work work NOUN bracis-33647 37 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 38 1 section section NOUN bracis-33647 38 2     SPACE bracis-33647 38 3 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 38 4 describes describe VERB bracis-33647 38 5 our our PRON bracis-33647 38 6 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 38 7 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 38 8 in in ADP bracis-33647 38 9 detail detail NOUN bracis-33647 38 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 39 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 39 2 sect sect NOUN bracis-33647 39 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 39 4     SPACE bracis-33647 39 5 4 4 NUM bracis-33647 39 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 39 7 we we PRON bracis-33647 39 8 show show VERB bracis-33647 39 9 the the DET bracis-33647 39 10 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33647 39 11 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33647 39 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 39 13 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 39 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 39 15 followed follow VERB bracis-33647 39 16 by by ADP bracis-33647 39 17 an an DET bracis-33647 39 18 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 39 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 39 20 the the DET bracis-33647 39 21 results result NOUN bracis-33647 39 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 40 1 finally finally ADV bracis-33647 40 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 40 3 sect sect NOUN bracis-33647 40 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 40 5     SPACE bracis-33647 40 6 5 5 NUM bracis-33647 40 7 concludes conclude VERB bracis-33647 40 8 the the DET bracis-33647 40 9 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 40 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 40 11 outlines outline VERB bracis-33647 40 12 potential potential ADJ bracis-33647 40 13 future future ADJ bracis-33647 40 14 research research NOUN bracis-33647 40 15 directions direction NOUN bracis-33647 40 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 41 1 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 41 2 related related ADJ bracis-33647 41 3 work work NOUN bracis-33647 41 4 the the DET bracis-33647 41 5 initial initial ADJ bracis-33647 41 6 research research NOUN bracis-33647 41 7 on on ADP bracis-33647 41 8 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 41 9 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 41 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 41 11 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 41 12 language language NOUN bracis-33647 41 13 paved pave VERB bracis-33647 41 14 the the DET bracis-33647 41 15 way way NOUN bracis-33647 41 16 for for ADP bracis-33647 41 17 further further ADJ bracis-33647 41 18 exploration exploration NOUN bracis-33647 41 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 42 1 pioneering pioneer VERB bracis-33647 42 2 works work NOUN bracis-33647 42 3 by by ADP bracis-33647 42 4 chen chen PROPN bracis-33647 42 5 et et PROPN bracis-33647 42 6 al al PROPN bracis-33647 42 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 43 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 43 2 8 8 NUM bracis-33647 43 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 43 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 43 5 burnap burnap NOUN bracis-33647 43 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 43 7 williams williams PROPN bracis-33647 43 8 [ [ X bracis-33647 43 9 6 6 NUM bracis-33647 43 10 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 43 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 43 12 waseem waseem PROPN bracis-33647 43 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 43 14 hovy hovy VERB bracis-33647 44 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 44 2 42 42 NUM bracis-33647 44 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 44 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 44 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 44 6 nobata nobata NOUN bracis-33647 44 7 et et PROPN bracis-33647 44 8 al al PROPN bracis-33647 44 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 45 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 45 2 22 22 NUM bracis-33647 45 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 45 4 defined define VERB bracis-33647 45 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 45 6 analyzed analyze VERB bracis-33647 45 7 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 45 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 45 9 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 45 10 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 45 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 45 12 user user NOUN bracis-33647 45 13 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-33647 45 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 45 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 45 16 social social ADJ bracis-33647 45 17 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 45 18 moderation moderation NOUN bracis-33647 45 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 46 1 for for ADP bracis-33647 46 2 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 46 3 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33647 46 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 46 5 significant significant ADJ bracis-33647 46 6 contributions contribution NOUN bracis-33647 46 7 in in ADP bracis-33647 46 8 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 46 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 46 10 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 46 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 46 12 harmful harmful ADJ bracis-33647 46 13 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 46 14 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 46 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 46 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 46 17 text text NOUN bracis-33647 46 18 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 46 19 were be AUX bracis-33647 46 20 made make VERB bracis-33647 46 21 by by ADP bracis-33647 46 22 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33647 46 23 et et PROPN bracis-33647 46 24 al al PROPN bracis-33647 46 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 47 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 47 2 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 47 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 47 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 47 5 pelle pelle PROPN bracis-33647 47 6 et et PROPN bracis-33647 47 7 al al PROPN bracis-33647 47 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 48 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 48 2 25 25 NUM bracis-33647 48 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 48 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 48 5 bispo bispo NOUN bracis-33647 48 6 [ [ X bracis-33647 48 7 4 4 NUM bracis-33647 48 8 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 48 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 48 10 silva silva NOUN bracis-33647 48 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 48 12 serapiao serapiao NOUN bracis-33647 49 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 49 2 33 33 NUM bracis-33647 49 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 49 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 49 5 leite leite PROPN bracis-33647 49 6 et et PROPN bracis-33647 49 7 al al PROPN bracis-33647 49 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 50 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 50 2 17 17 NUM bracis-33647 50 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 50 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 50 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 50 6 fortuna fortuna PROPN bracis-33647 50 7 et et PROPN bracis-33647 50 8 al al PROPN bracis-33647 50 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 51 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 51 2 12 12 NUM bracis-33647 51 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 51 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 52 1 those those DET bracis-33647 52 2 studies study NOUN bracis-33647 52 3 applied apply VERB bracis-33647 52 4 machine machine NOUN bracis-33647 52 5 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 52 6 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 52 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 52 8 textual textual ADJ bracis-33647 52 9 feature feature NOUN bracis-33647 52 10 representation representation NOUN bracis-33647 52 11 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 52 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 52 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 52 14 discourse discourse VERB bracis-33647 52 15 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 52 16 to to PART bracis-33647 52 17 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 52 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 52 19 analyze analyze VERB bracis-33647 52 20 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 52 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 52 22 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 52 23 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 52 24 on on ADP bracis-33647 52 25 social social ADJ bracis-33647 52 26 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 52 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 52 28 advancing advance VERB bracis-33647 52 29 the the DET bracis-33647 52 30 field field NOUN bracis-33647 52 31 of of ADP bracis-33647 52 32 automated automate VERB bracis-33647 52 33 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 52 34 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 52 35 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 52 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 53 1 the the DET bracis-33647 53 2 research research NOUN bracis-33647 53 3 by by ADP bracis-33647 53 4 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33647 53 5 et et PROPN bracis-33647 53 6 al al PROPN bracis-33647 53 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 54 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 54 2 1 1 X bracis-33647 54 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 54 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 54 5 pelle pelle X bracis-33647 54 6 et et PROPN bracis-33647 54 7 al al PROPN bracis-33647 54 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 55 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 55 2 25 25 NUM bracis-33647 55 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 55 4 expanded expand VERB bracis-33647 55 5 the the DET bracis-33647 55 6 work work NOUN bracis-33647 55 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 55 8 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 55 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 55 10 harmful harmful ADJ bracis-33647 55 11 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 55 12 online online NOUN bracis-33647 55 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 56 1 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33647 56 2 et et PROPN bracis-33647 56 3 al al PROPN bracis-33647 56 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 57 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 57 2 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 57 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 57 4 study study NOUN bracis-33647 57 5 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 57 6 a a DET bracis-33647 57 7 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 57 8 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 57 9 identification identification NOUN bracis-33647 57 10 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33647 57 11 using use VERB bracis-33647 57 12 information information NOUN bracis-33647 57 13 theory theory NOUN bracis-33647 57 14 quantifiers quantifier NOUN bracis-33647 57 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 57 16 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33647 57 17 an an DET bracis-33647 57 18 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 57 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 57 20 score score NOUN bracis-33647 57 21 of of ADP bracis-33647 57 22 86 86 NUM bracis-33647 57 23 % % NOUN bracis-33647 57 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 57 25 84 84 NUM bracis-33647 57 26 % % NOUN bracis-33647 57 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 57 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 57 29 96 96 NUM bracis-33647 57 30 % % NOUN bracis-33647 57 31 for for ADP bracis-33647 57 32 classifying classify VERB bracis-33647 57 33 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 57 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 57 35 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 57 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 57 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 57 38 regular regular ADJ bracis-33647 57 39 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 57 40 classes class NOUN bracis-33647 57 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 58 1 the the DET bracis-33647 58 2 study study NOUN bracis-33647 58 3 did do AUX bracis-33647 58 4 not not PART bracis-33647 58 5 focus focus VERB bracis-33647 58 6 on on ADP bracis-33647 58 7 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 58 8 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 58 9 in in ADP bracis-33647 58 10 the the DET bracis-33647 58 11 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 58 12 language language NOUN bracis-33647 58 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 59 1 however however ADV bracis-33647 59 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 59 3 it it PRON bracis-33647 59 4 still still ADV bracis-33647 59 5 made make VERB bracis-33647 59 6 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-33647 59 7 contributions contribution NOUN bracis-33647 59 8 to to ADP bracis-33647 59 9 the the DET bracis-33647 59 10 scientific scientific ADJ bracis-33647 59 11 community community NOUN bracis-33647 59 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 59 13 was be AUX bracis-33647 59 14 useful useful ADJ bracis-33647 59 15 for for ADP bracis-33647 59 16 future future ADJ bracis-33647 59 17 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 59 18 content content NOUN bracis-33647 59 19 research research NOUN bracis-33647 59 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 60 1 pelle pelle PROPN bracis-33647 60 2 et et PROPN bracis-33647 60 3 al al PROPN bracis-33647 60 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 61 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 61 2 25 25 NUM bracis-33647 61 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 61 4 introduced introduce VERB bracis-33647 61 5 hate2vec hate2vec NOUN bracis-33647 61 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 61 7 an an DET bracis-33647 61 8 ensemble ensemble ADJ bracis-33647 61 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 61 10 based base VERB bracis-33647 61 11 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 61 12 for for ADP bracis-33647 61 13 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 61 14 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 61 15 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 61 16 on on ADP bracis-33647 61 17 web web NOUN bracis-33647 61 18 platforms platform NOUN bracis-33647 61 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 61 20 performing perform VERB bracis-33647 61 21 well well ADV bracis-33647 61 22 with with ADP bracis-33647 61 23 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 61 24 in in ADP bracis-33647 61 25 english english PROPN bracis-33647 61 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 61 27 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 61 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 61 29 compared compare VERB bracis-33647 61 30 to to ADP bracis-33647 61 31 the the DET bracis-33647 61 32 traditional traditional ADJ bracis-33647 61 33 bow bow NOUN bracis-33647 61 34 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 61 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 61 36 attaining attain VERB bracis-33647 61 37 an an DET bracis-33647 61 38 f f NOUN bracis-33647 61 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 61 40 score score NOUN bracis-33647 61 41 above above ADP bracis-33647 61 42 90 90 NUM bracis-33647 61 43 % % NOUN bracis-33647 61 44 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 62 1 further further ADJ bracis-33647 62 2 advancements advancement NOUN bracis-33647 62 3 in in ADP bracis-33647 62 4 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 62 5 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 62 6 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 62 7 were be AUX bracis-33647 62 8 made make VERB bracis-33647 62 9 by by ADP bracis-33647 62 10 bispo bispo NOUN bracis-33647 62 11 [ [ X bracis-33647 62 12 4 4 X bracis-33647 62 13 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 62 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 62 15 silva silva NOUN bracis-33647 62 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 62 17 serapiao serapiao NOUN bracis-33647 62 18 [ [ X bracis-33647 62 19 33 33 NUM bracis-33647 62 20 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 62 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 63 1 they they PRON bracis-33647 63 2 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 63 3 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 63 4 using use VERB bracis-33647 63 5 lstm lstm PROPN bracis-33647 63 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 63 7 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-33647 63 8 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33647 63 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 63 10 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33647 63 11 significant significant ADJ bracis-33647 63 12 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 63 13 with with ADP bracis-33647 63 14 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 63 15 like like ADP bracis-33647 63 16 wang2vec wang2vec NOUN bracis-33647 63 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 63 18 glove glove NOUN bracis-33647 63 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 64 1 bispo bispo PROPN bracis-33647 65 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 65 2 4 4 X bracis-33647 65 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 65 4 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33647 65 5 created create VERB bracis-33647 65 6 a a DET bracis-33647 65 7 cross cross ADJ bracis-33647 65 8 - - ADJ bracis-33647 65 9 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 65 10 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 65 11 from from ADP bracis-33647 65 12 english english PROPN bracis-33647 65 13 to to ADP bracis-33647 65 14 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 65 15 using use VERB bracis-33647 65 16 gbdts gbdts NOUN bracis-33647 65 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 65 18 with with ADP bracis-33647 65 19 f1 f1 ADJ bracis-33647 65 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 65 21 score score NOUN bracis-33647 65 22 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 65 23 ranging range VERB bracis-33647 65 24 from from ADP bracis-33647 65 25 72 72 NUM bracis-33647 65 26 % % NOUN bracis-33647 65 27 to to PART bracis-33647 65 28 91 91 NUM bracis-33647 65 29 % % NOUN bracis-33647 65 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 66 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 66 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33647 66 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 66 4 silva silva NOUN bracis-33647 66 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 66 6 serapiao serapiao NOUN bracis-33647 66 7 [ [ X bracis-33647 66 8 33 33 NUM bracis-33647 66 9 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 66 10 utilized utilize VERB bracis-33647 66 11 a a DET bracis-33647 66 12 cnn cnn NOUN bracis-33647 66 13 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33647 66 14 to to PART bracis-33647 66 15 identify identify VERB bracis-33647 66 16 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 66 17 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 66 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 66 19 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33647 66 20 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 66 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 66 22 scores score NOUN bracis-33647 66 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 66 24 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 66 25 percentages percentage NOUN bracis-33647 66 26 between between ADP bracis-33647 66 27 82.64 82.64 NUM bracis-33647 66 28 % % NOUN bracis-33647 66 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 66 30 96.74 96.74 NUM bracis-33647 66 31 % % NOUN bracis-33647 66 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 67 1 different different ADJ bracis-33647 67 2 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-33647 67 3 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 67 4 were be AUX bracis-33647 67 5 employed employ VERB bracis-33647 67 6 for for ADP bracis-33647 67 7 various various ADJ bracis-33647 67 8 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 67 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 67 10 such such ADJ bracis-33647 67 11 as as ADP bracis-33647 67 12 adam adam PROPN bracis-33647 67 13 for for ADP bracis-33647 67 14 offcombr offcombr PRON bracis-33647 67 15 [ [ X bracis-33647 67 16 10 10 NUM bracis-33647 67 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 67 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 67 19 rmsprop rmsprop NOUN bracis-33647 67 20 for for ADP bracis-33647 67 21 hlphsd hlphsd NOUN bracis-33647 68 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 68 2 11 11 NUM bracis-33647 68 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 68 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 69 1 the the DET bracis-33647 69 2 work work NOUN bracis-33647 69 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 69 4 leite leite PROPN bracis-33647 69 5 et et PROPN bracis-33647 69 6 al al PROPN bracis-33647 69 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 70 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 70 2 17 17 NUM bracis-33647 70 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 70 4 introduced introduce VERB bracis-33647 70 5 the the DET bracis-33647 70 6 told tell VERB bracis-33647 70 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 70 8 br br NOUN bracis-33647 70 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 70 10 for for ADP bracis-33647 70 11 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 70 12 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 70 13 in in ADP bracis-33647 70 14 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 70 15 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33647 70 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 71 1 it it PRON bracis-33647 71 2 used use VERB bracis-33647 71 3 fine fine ADV bracis-33647 71 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 71 5 tuned tune VERB bracis-33647 71 6 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 71 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 71 8 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 71 9 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 71 10 for for ADP bracis-33647 71 11 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 71 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 71 13 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33647 71 14 a a DET bracis-33647 71 15 macro macro ADJ bracis-33647 71 16 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 71 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 71 18 score score NOUN bracis-33647 71 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 71 20 76 76 NUM bracis-33647 71 21 % % NOUN bracis-33647 71 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 71 23     SPACE bracis-33647 72 1 fortuna fortuna PROPN bracis-33647 72 2 et et PROPN bracis-33647 72 3 al al PROPN bracis-33647 72 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 73 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 73 2 12 12 NUM bracis-33647 73 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 73 4     SPACE bracis-33647 73 5 studied study VERB bracis-33647 73 6 the the DET bracis-33647 73 7 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33647 73 8 capabilities capability NOUN bracis-33647 73 9 of of ADP bracis-33647 73 10 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 73 11 for for ADP bracis-33647 73 12 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 73 13 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 73 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 15 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 73 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 17 abusive abusive ADJ bracis-33647 73 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 73 20 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 73 21 language language NOUN bracis-33647 73 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 23 finding find VERB bracis-33647 73 24 poor poor ADJ bracis-33647 73 25 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33647 73 26 with with ADP bracis-33647 73 27 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 73 28 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 73 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 73 30 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 73 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 32 better well ADJ bracis-33647 73 33 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33647 73 34 from from ADP bracis-33647 73 35 english english PROPN bracis-33647 73 36 to to ADP bracis-33647 73 37 portuguese portuguese VERB bracis-33647 73 38 with with ADP bracis-33647 73 39 a a DET bracis-33647 73 40 67 67 NUM bracis-33647 73 41 % % NOUN bracis-33647 73 42 macro macro ADJ bracis-33647 73 43 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 73 44 score score NOUN bracis-33647 73 45 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 73 46 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 73 47 the the DET bracis-33647 73 48 best good ADJ bracis-33647 73 49 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33647 73 50 between between ADP bracis-33647 73 51 english english ADJ bracis-33647 73 52 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 73 53 with with ADP bracis-33647 73 54 a a DET bracis-33647 73 55 70 70 NUM bracis-33647 73 56 % % NOUN bracis-33647 73 57 macro macro ADJ bracis-33647 73 58 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 73 59 score score NOUN bracis-33647 73 60 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 74 1 saraiva saraiva NOUN bracis-33647 74 2 et et PROPN bracis-33647 74 3 al al PROPN bracis-33647 74 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 75 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 75 2 32 32 NUM bracis-33647 75 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 75 4 introduced introduce VERB bracis-33647 75 5 a a DET bracis-33647 75 6 novel novel NOUN bracis-33647 75 7 semi semi ADJ bracis-33647 75 8 - - ADJ bracis-33647 75 9 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33647 75 10 node node NOUN bracis-33647 75 11 graph graph NOUN bracis-33647 75 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 75 13 based base VERB bracis-33647 75 14 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 75 15 for for ADP bracis-33647 75 16 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 75 17 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 75 18 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 75 19 with with ADP bracis-33647 75 20 the the DET bracis-33647 75 21 told tell VERB bracis-33647 75 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 75 23 br br NOUN bracis-33647 75 24 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 75 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 76 1 their their PRON bracis-33647 76 2 method method NOUN bracis-33647 76 3 utilizes utilize VERB bracis-33647 76 4 an an DET bracis-33647 76 5 undirected undirected ADJ bracis-33647 76 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 76 7 weighted weight VERB bracis-33647 76 8 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ bracis-33647 76 9 graph graph NOUN bracis-33647 76 10 network network NOUN bracis-33647 76 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 76 12 hgn hgn PROPN bracis-33647 76 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 76 14 with with ADP bracis-33647 76 15 100 100 NUM bracis-33647 76 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 76 17 dimensional dimensional ADJ bracis-33647 76 18 glove glove NOUN bracis-33647 76 19 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 76 20 for for ADP bracis-33647 76 21 the the DET bracis-33647 76 22 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 76 23 language language NOUN bracis-33647 76 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 76 25 achieves achieve VERB bracis-33647 76 26 a a DET bracis-33647 76 27 73 73 NUM bracis-33647 76 28 % % NOUN bracis-33647 76 29 macro macro NOUN bracis-33647 76 30 f f NOUN bracis-33647 76 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 76 32 score score NOUN bracis-33647 76 33 using use VERB bracis-33647 76 34 only only ADV bracis-33647 76 35 10 10 NUM bracis-33647 76 36 % % NOUN bracis-33647 76 37 of of ADP bracis-33647 76 38 the the DET bracis-33647 76 39 told tell VERB bracis-33647 76 40 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 76 41 br br NOUN bracis-33647 76 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 77 1 they they PRON bracis-33647 77 2 used use VERB bracis-33647 77 3 a a DET bracis-33647 77 4 gradient gradient ADJ bracis-33647 77 5 boost boost NOUN bracis-33647 77 6 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 77 7 with with ADP bracis-33647 77 8 length length NOUN bracis-33647 77 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 77 10 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33647 77 11 consistency consistency NOUN bracis-33647 77 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 77 13 lgc lgc ADJ bracis-33647 77 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 77 15 as as ADP bracis-33647 77 16 a a DET bracis-33647 77 17 transduction transduction NOUN bracis-33647 77 18 method method NOUN bracis-33647 77 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 78 1 recent recent ADJ bracis-33647 78 2 research research NOUN bracis-33647 78 3 has have AUX bracis-33647 78 4 explored explore VERB bracis-33647 78 5 various various ADJ bracis-33647 78 6 machine machine NOUN bracis-33647 78 7 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 78 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 78 9 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 78 10 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 78 11 models model NOUN bracis-33647 78 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 78 13 such such ADJ bracis-33647 78 14 as as ADP bracis-33647 78 15 large large ADJ bracis-33647 78 16 language language NOUN bracis-33647 78 17 models model NOUN bracis-33647 78 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 78 19 llms llm NOUN bracis-33647 78 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 78 21 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 78 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 78 23 sbert sbert NOUN bracis-33647 78 24     SPACE bracis-33647 79 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 79 2 28 28 NUM bracis-33647 79 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 79 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 79 5 for for ADP bracis-33647 79 6 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 79 7 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 79 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 79 9 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 79 10 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 79 11 on on ADP bracis-33647 79 12 social social ADJ bracis-33647 79 13 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 79 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 80 1 these these DET bracis-33647 80 2 models model NOUN bracis-33647 80 3 have have AUX bracis-33647 80 4 proven prove VERB bracis-33647 80 5 effective effective ADJ bracis-33647 80 6 in in ADP bracis-33647 80 7 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 80 8 like like ADP bracis-33647 80 9 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 80 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 80 11 clustering clustering NOUN bracis-33647 80 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 80 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 80 14 reranking reranke VERB bracis-33647 80 15 in in ADP bracis-33647 80 16 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33647 80 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 81 1 studies study NOUN bracis-33647 81 2 have have AUX bracis-33647 81 3 emphasized emphasize VERB bracis-33647 81 4 the the DET bracis-33647 81 5 value value NOUN bracis-33647 81 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 81 7 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 81 8 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 81 9 models model NOUN bracis-33647 81 10 in in ADP bracis-33647 81 11 improving improve VERB bracis-33647 81 12 text text NOUN bracis-33647 81 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 81 14 based base VERB bracis-33647 81 15 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 81 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 81 17 their their PRON bracis-33647 81 18 overall overall ADJ bracis-33647 81 19 impact impact NOUN bracis-33647 81 20 on on ADP bracis-33647 81 21 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33647 81 22     SPACE bracis-33647 81 23 [ [ X bracis-33647 81 24 20 20 NUM bracis-33647 81 25 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 81 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 82 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-33647 82 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 82 3 research research NOUN bracis-33647 82 4 has have AUX bracis-33647 82 5 shown show VERB bracis-33647 82 6 the the DET bracis-33647 82 7 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-33647 82 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 82 9 the the DET bracis-33647 82 10 language language NOUN bracis-33647 82 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 82 12 agnostic agnostic ADJ bracis-33647 82 13 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 82 14 sentence sentence NOUN bracis-33647 82 15 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 82 16 model model NOUN bracis-33647 82 17 in in ADP bracis-33647 82 18 cross cross NOUN bracis-33647 82 19 - - ADJ bracis-33647 82 20 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 82 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 82 22 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 82 23 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 82 24 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 82 25 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 82 26 [ [ X bracis-33647 82 27 31 31 NUM bracis-33647 82 28 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 82 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 83 1 other other ADJ bracis-33647 83 2 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 83 3 used use VERB bracis-33647 83 4 different different ADJ bracis-33647 83 5 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 83 6 with with ADP bracis-33647 83 7 llms llm NOUN bracis-33647 83 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 83 9 including include VERB bracis-33647 83 10 prompting prompt VERB bracis-33647 83 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 83 12 end end NOUN bracis-33647 83 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 83 14 to to ADP bracis-33647 83 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 83 16 end end NOUN bracis-33647 83 17 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 83 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 84 1 one one NUM bracis-33647 84 2 study study NOUN bracis-33647 84 3 by by ADP bracis-33647 84 4 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33647 84 5 et et PROPN bracis-33647 84 6 al al PROPN bracis-33647 84 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 85 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 85 2 24 24 NUM bracis-33647 85 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 85 4 explored explore VERB bracis-33647 85 5 openai openai NOUN bracis-33647 85 6 chatgpt chatgpt NOUN bracis-33647 85 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 85 8 gpt-3.5 gpt-3.5 NOUN bracis-33647 85 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 85 10 turbo turbo NOUN bracis-33647 85 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 86 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 86 2 5 5 NUM bracis-33647 86 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 86 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 86 5 the the DET bracis-33647 86 6 chatcompletion chatcompletion NOUN bracis-33647 86 7 module module NOUN bracis-33647 86 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 86 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 86 10 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 86 11 prompts prompt NOUN bracis-33647 86 12 to to PART bracis-33647 86 13 assess assess VERB bracis-33647 86 14 gpt gpt NOUN bracis-33647 86 15 ’s ’s PART bracis-33647 86 16 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 86 17 compared compare VERB bracis-33647 86 18 to to ADP bracis-33647 86 19 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 86 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 86 21 based base VERB bracis-33647 86 22 models model NOUN bracis-33647 86 23 on on ADP bracis-33647 86 24 various various ADJ bracis-33647 86 25 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 86 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 87 1 gpt gpt PROPN bracis-33647 87 2 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33647 87 3 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 87 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 87 5 scores score NOUN bracis-33647 87 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 87 7 73 73 NUM bracis-33647 87 8 % % NOUN bracis-33647 87 9 as as ADP bracis-33647 87 10 a a DET bracis-33647 87 11 zero zero NUM bracis-33647 87 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 87 13 shot shot NOUN bracis-33647 87 14 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 87 15 on on ADP bracis-33647 87 16 the the DET bracis-33647 87 17 told tell VERB bracis-33647 87 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 87 19 br br NOUN bracis-33647 87 20 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 87 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 87 22 74 74 NUM bracis-33647 87 23 % % NOUN bracis-33647 87 24 when when SCONJ bracis-33647 87 25 prompted prompt VERB bracis-33647 87 26 in in ADP bracis-33647 87 27 the the DET bracis-33647 87 28 cross cross ADJ bracis-33647 87 29 - - ADJ bracis-33647 87 30 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33647 87 31 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33647 87 32 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33647 87 33 with with ADP bracis-33647 87 34 the the DET bracis-33647 87 35 balanced balanced ADJ bracis-33647 87 36 hlphsd hlphsd NOUN bracis-33647 87 37 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 87 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 88 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 88 2 another another DET bracis-33647 88 3 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33647 88 4 by by ADP bracis-33647 88 5 da da PROPN bracis-33647 88 6 rocha rocha PROPN bracis-33647 88 7 junqueira junqueira PROPN bracis-33647 88 8 et et PROPN bracis-33647 88 9 al al PROPN bracis-33647 88 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 89 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 89 2 29 29 NUM bracis-33647 89 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 89 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 89 5 a a DET bracis-33647 89 6 cross cross ADJ bracis-33647 89 7 - - ADJ bracis-33647 89 8 task task ADJ bracis-33647 89 9 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33647 89 10 was be AUX bracis-33647 89 11 performed perform VERB bracis-33647 89 12 between between ADP bracis-33647 89 13 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 89 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 89 15 based base VERB bracis-33647 89 16 models model NOUN bracis-33647 89 17 bertimbau bertimbau VERB bracis-33647 89 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 89 19 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 89 20 pt pt PROPN bracis-33647 89 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 89 22 br br NOUN bracis-33647 89 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 90 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33647 90 2 fine fine ADV bracis-33647 90 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 90 4 tuning tune VERB bracis-33647 90 5 efforts effort NOUN bracis-33647 90 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 90 7 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 90 8 pt pt PROPN bracis-33647 90 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 90 10 br br NOUN bracis-33647 90 11 could could AUX bracis-33647 90 12 not not PART bracis-33647 90 13 match match VERB bracis-33647 90 14 the the DET bracis-33647 90 15 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 90 16 of of ADP bracis-33647 90 17 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 90 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 91 1 the the DET bracis-33647 91 2 base base NOUN bracis-33647 91 3 model model NOUN bracis-33647 91 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 91 5 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 91 6 scored score VERB bracis-33647 91 7 an an DET bracis-33647 91 8 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 91 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 91 10 score score NOUN bracis-33647 91 11 of of ADP bracis-33647 91 12 88 88 NUM bracis-33647 91 13 % % NOUN bracis-33647 91 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 91 15 while while SCONJ bracis-33647 91 16 its its PRON bracis-33647 91 17 large large ADJ bracis-33647 91 18 model model NOUN bracis-33647 91 19 scored score VERB bracis-33647 91 20 89 89 NUM bracis-33647 91 21 % % NOUN bracis-33647 91 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 92 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 92 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33647 92 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 92 4 the the DET bracis-33647 92 5 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 92 6 pt pt PROPN bracis-33647 92 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 92 8 br br NOUN bracis-33647 92 9 base base NOUN bracis-33647 92 10 model model NOUN bracis-33647 92 11 only only ADV bracis-33647 92 12 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33647 92 13 a a DET bracis-33647 92 14 score score NOUN bracis-33647 92 15 of of ADP bracis-33647 92 16 74 74 NUM bracis-33647 92 17 % % NOUN bracis-33647 92 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 93 1 the the DET bracis-33647 93 2 study study NOUN bracis-33647 93 3 by by ADP bracis-33647 93 4 da da PROPN bracis-33647 93 5 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 93 6 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33647 93 7 et et PROPN bracis-33647 93 8 al al PROPN bracis-33647 93 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 94 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 94 2 34 34 NUM bracis-33647 94 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 94 4 examined examine VERB bracis-33647 94 5 the the DET bracis-33647 94 6 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 94 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 94 8 llms llm NOUN bracis-33647 94 9 like like ADP bracis-33647 94 10 gpt-3.5 gpt-3.5 NOUN bracis-33647 94 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 94 12 turbo turbo NOUN bracis-33647 94 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 94 14 maritaca maritaca PROPN bracis-33647 94 15 ai ai VERB bracis-33647 94 16 sabiá sabiá PROPN bracis-33647 95 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 95 2 26 26 NUM bracis-33647 95 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 95 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 95 5 zero zero NUM bracis-33647 95 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 95 7 shot shoot VERB bracis-33647 95 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 95 9 few few ADJ bracis-33647 95 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 95 11 shot shot NOUN bracis-33647 95 12 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 95 13 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 95 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 95 15 comparing compare VERB bracis-33647 95 16 them they PRON bracis-33647 95 17 to to ADP bracis-33647 95 18 the the DET bracis-33647 95 19 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 95 20 model model NOUN bracis-33647 95 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 96 1 sabiá sabiá PROPN bracis-33647 96 2 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 96 3 an an DET bracis-33647 96 4 enhanced enhanced ADJ bracis-33647 96 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 96 6 precise precise ADJ bracis-33647 96 7 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33647 96 8 to to PART bracis-33647 96 9 classify classify VERB bracis-33647 96 10 texts text NOUN bracis-33647 96 11 containing contain VERB bracis-33647 96 12 colloquial colloquial ADJ bracis-33647 96 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 96 14 slang slang ADJ bracis-33647 96 15 expressions expression NOUN bracis-33647 96 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 96 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 96 18 could could AUX bracis-33647 96 19 identify identify VERB bracis-33647 96 20 aggressive aggressive ADJ bracis-33647 96 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 96 22 obscene obscene ADJ bracis-33647 96 23 words word NOUN bracis-33647 96 24 based base VERB bracis-33647 96 25 on on ADP bracis-33647 96 26 prompt prompt ADJ bracis-33647 96 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 96 28 specific specific ADJ bracis-33647 96 29 design design NOUN bracis-33647 96 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 97 1 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 97 2 of of ADP bracis-33647 97 3 the the DET bracis-33647 97 4 told tell VERB bracis-33647 97 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 97 6 br br NOUN bracis-33647 97 7 revealed reveal VERB bracis-33647 97 8 differences difference NOUN bracis-33647 97 9 in in ADP bracis-33647 97 10 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 97 11 between between ADP bracis-33647 97 12 chatgpt chatgpt NOUN bracis-33647 97 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 97 14 maritalk maritalk NOUN bracis-33647 97 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 97 16 with with ADP bracis-33647 97 17 maritalk maritalk NOUN bracis-33647 97 18 showing show VERB bracis-33647 97 19 improved improved ADJ bracis-33647 97 20 precision precision NOUN bracis-33647 97 21 due due ADP bracis-33647 97 22 to to ADP bracis-33647 97 23 its its PRON bracis-33647 97 24 deeper deep ADJ bracis-33647 97 25 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33647 97 26 of of ADP bracis-33647 97 27 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 97 28 subtleties subtlety NOUN bracis-33647 97 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 98 1 meanwhile meanwhile ADV bracis-33647 98 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 98 3 assis assis PROPN bracis-33647 98 4 et et NOUN bracis-33647 98 5 al al PROPN bracis-33647 98 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 99 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 99 2 2 2 X bracis-33647 99 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 99 4 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33647 99 5 a a DET bracis-33647 99 6 study study NOUN bracis-33647 99 7 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33647 99 8 the the DET bracis-33647 99 9 ability ability NOUN bracis-33647 99 10 of of ADP bracis-33647 99 11 language language NOUN bracis-33647 99 12 models model NOUN bracis-33647 99 13 to to PART bracis-33647 99 14 distinguish distinguish VERB bracis-33647 99 15 neutral neutral ADJ bracis-33647 99 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 99 17 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 99 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 99 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 99 20 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 99 21 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 99 22 in in ADP bracis-33647 99 23 social social ADJ bracis-33647 99 24 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 99 25 posts post NOUN bracis-33647 99 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 100 1 the the DET bracis-33647 100 2 pt pt PROPN bracis-33647 100 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 100 4 br br NOUN bracis-33647 100 5 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 100 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 100 7 based base VERB bracis-33647 100 8 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 100 9 surpassed surpass VERB bracis-33647 100 10 the the DET bracis-33647 100 11 chatbots chatbot NOUN bracis-33647 100 12 on on ADP bracis-33647 100 13 the the DET bracis-33647 100 14 hatebr hatebr NOUN bracis-33647 100 15 [ [ X bracis-33647 100 16 38 38 NUM bracis-33647 100 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 100 18 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 100 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 100 20 but but CCONJ bracis-33647 100 21 on on ADP bracis-33647 100 22 the the DET bracis-33647 100 23 neutral neutral ADJ bracis-33647 100 24 class class NOUN bracis-33647 100 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 100 26 the the DET bracis-33647 100 27 chatbots chatbot NOUN bracis-33647 100 28 outperformed outperform VERB bracis-33647 100 29 the the DET bracis-33647 100 30 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 100 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 100 32 based base VERB bracis-33647 100 33 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 100 34 on on ADP bracis-33647 100 35 the the DET bracis-33647 100 36 told tell VERB bracis-33647 100 37 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 100 38 br br NOUN bracis-33647 100 39 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 100 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 101 1 chatgpt chatgpt NOUN bracis-33647 101 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 101 3 maritalk maritalk NOUN bracis-33647 101 4 yielded yield VERB bracis-33647 101 5 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 101 6 scores score NOUN bracis-33647 101 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 101 8 71 71 NUM bracis-33647 101 9 % % NOUN bracis-33647 101 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 101 11 70 70 NUM bracis-33647 101 12 % % NOUN bracis-33647 101 13 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33647 101 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 101 15 which which PRON bracis-33647 101 16 were be AUX bracis-33647 101 17 lower low ADJ bracis-33647 101 18 than than ADP bracis-33647 101 19 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 101 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 101 21 based base VERB bracis-33647 101 22 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 101 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 101 24 ranging range VERB bracis-33647 101 25 from from ADP bracis-33647 101 26 77 77 NUM bracis-33647 101 27 % % NOUN bracis-33647 101 28 to to ADP bracis-33647 101 29 86 86 NUM bracis-33647 101 30 % % NOUN bracis-33647 101 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 102 1 other other ADJ bracis-33647 102 2 initiatives initiative NOUN bracis-33647 102 3 dive dive VERB bracis-33647 102 4 into into ADP bracis-33647 102 5 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 102 6 models model NOUN bracis-33647 102 7 as as ADP bracis-33647 102 8 alternatives alternative NOUN bracis-33647 102 9 for for ADP bracis-33647 102 10 unconventional unconventional ADJ bracis-33647 102 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 102 12 novel novel ADJ bracis-33647 102 13 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 102 14 text text NOUN bracis-33647 102 15 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 102 16 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 102 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 102 18 have have AUX bracis-33647 102 19 gained gain VERB bracis-33647 102 20 attraction attraction NOUN bracis-33647 102 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 102 22 with with ADP bracis-33647 102 23 notable notable ADJ bracis-33647 102 24 frameworks framework NOUN bracis-33647 102 25 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 102 26 by by ADP bracis-33647 102 27 younus younus PROPN bracis-33647 102 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 102 29 qureshi qureshi PROPN bracis-33647 103 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 103 2 44 44 NUM bracis-33647 103 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 103 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 103 5 chopra chopra PROPN bracis-33647 103 6 et et PROPN bracis-33647 103 7 al al PROPN bracis-33647 103 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 104 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 104 2 9 9 NUM bracis-33647 104 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 104 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 105 1 the the DET bracis-33647 105 2 work work NOUN bracis-33647 105 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 105 4 chopra chopra PROPN bracis-33647 105 5 et et PROPN bracis-33647 105 6 al al PROPN bracis-33647 105 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 106 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 106 2 9 9 NUM bracis-33647 106 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 106 4 proposes propose VERB bracis-33647 106 5 an an DET bracis-33647 106 6 automated automate VERB bracis-33647 106 7 method method NOUN bracis-33647 106 8 for for ADP bracis-33647 106 9 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 106 10 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 106 11 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 106 12 in in ADP bracis-33647 106 13 code code NOUN bracis-33647 106 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 106 15 mixed mix VERB bracis-33647 106 16 hindi hindi ADJ bracis-33647 106 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 106 18 english english ADJ bracis-33647 106 19 text text NOUN bracis-33647 106 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 106 21 hindi hindi NOUN bracis-33647 106 22 text text NOUN bracis-33647 106 23 in in ADP bracis-33647 106 24 devanagari devanagari NOUN bracis-33647 106 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 106 26 where where SCONJ bracis-33647 106 27 the the DET bracis-33647 106 28 framework framework NOUN bracis-33647 106 29 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33647 106 30 employs employ VERB bracis-33647 106 31 a a DET bracis-33647 106 32 tabnet tabnet NOUN bracis-33647 106 33 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 106 34 model model NOUN bracis-33647 106 35 trained train VERB bracis-33647 106 36 on on ADP bracis-33647 106 37 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 106 38 extracted extract VERB bracis-33647 106 39 using use VERB bracis-33647 106 40 a a DET bracis-33647 106 41 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 106 42 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 106 43 based base VERB bracis-33647 106 44 model model NOUN bracis-33647 106 45 for for ADP bracis-33647 106 46 indian indian ADJ bracis-33647 106 47 languages language NOUN bracis-33647 106 48 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 106 49 muril muril NOUN bracis-33647 106 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 107 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 107 2 16 16 NUM bracis-33647 107 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 107 4 from from ADP bracis-33647 107 5 transliterated transliterated ADJ bracis-33647 107 6 code code NOUN bracis-33647 107 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 107 8 mixed mix VERB bracis-33647 107 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 107 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 108 1 this this DET bracis-33647 108 2 study study NOUN bracis-33647 108 3 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 108 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 108 5 the the DET bracis-33647 108 6 tabnet tabnet NOUN bracis-33647 108 7 with with ADP bracis-33647 108 8 muril muril ADJ bracis-33647 108 9 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 108 10 was be AUX bracis-33647 108 11 effective effective ADJ bracis-33647 108 12 for for ADP bracis-33647 108 13 devanagari devanagari ADJ bracis-33647 108 14 text text NOUN bracis-33647 108 15 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 108 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 108 17 even even ADV bracis-33647 108 18 though though SCONJ bracis-33647 108 19 it it PRON bracis-33647 108 20 was be AUX bracis-33647 108 21 trained train VERB bracis-33647 108 22 on on ADP bracis-33647 108 23 transliterated transliterated ADJ bracis-33647 108 24 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 108 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 109 1 the the DET bracis-33647 109 2 framework framework NOUN bracis-33647 109 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 109 4 younus younus PROPN bracis-33647 109 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 109 6 qureshi qureshi PROPN bracis-33647 110 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 110 2 44 44 NUM bracis-33647 110 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 110 4 highlighted highlight VERB bracis-33647 110 5 the the DET bracis-33647 110 6 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33647 110 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 110 8 sexism sexism NOUN bracis-33647 110 9 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 110 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 110 11 emphasized emphasize VERB bracis-33647 110 12 the the DET bracis-33647 110 13 importance importance NOUN bracis-33647 110 14 of of ADP bracis-33647 110 15 the the DET bracis-33647 110 16 number number NOUN bracis-33647 110 17 of of ADP bracis-33647 110 18 training training NOUN bracis-33647 110 19 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-33647 110 20 in in ADP bracis-33647 110 21 improving improve VERB bracis-33647 110 22 model model NOUN bracis-33647 110 23 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 110 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 110 25 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 110 26 byt5 byt5 PROPN bracis-33647 110 27 learns learn VERB bracis-33647 110 28 cleaner clean ADJ bracis-33647 110 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 110 30 finer fine ADJ bracis-33647 110 31 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 110 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 111 1 since since SCONJ bracis-33647 111 2 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 111 3 models model NOUN bracis-33647 111 4 are be AUX bracis-33647 111 5 effective effective ADJ bracis-33647 111 6 at at ADP bracis-33647 111 7 handling handle VERB bracis-33647 111 8 complex complex ADJ bracis-33647 111 9 dependencies dependency NOUN bracis-33647 111 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 111 11 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN bracis-33647 111 12 in in ADP bracis-33647 111 13 tabular tabular PROPN bracis-33647 111 14 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 111 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 111 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 111 17 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 111 18 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 111 19 models model NOUN bracis-33647 111 20 have have AUX bracis-33647 111 21 improved improve VERB bracis-33647 111 22 the the DET bracis-33647 111 23 quality quality NOUN bracis-33647 111 24 of of ADP bracis-33647 111 25 vector vector NOUN bracis-33647 111 26 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 111 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 111 28 introducing introduce VERB bracis-33647 111 29 new new ADJ bracis-33647 111 30 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 111 31 for for ADP bracis-33647 111 32 generating generate VERB bracis-33647 111 33 high high ADJ bracis-33647 111 34 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 111 35 quality quality NOUN bracis-33647 111 36 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33647 111 37 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 111 38 the the DET bracis-33647 111 39 combination combination NOUN bracis-33647 111 40 of of ADP bracis-33647 111 41 these these DET bracis-33647 111 42 two two NUM bracis-33647 111 43 can can AUX bracis-33647 111 44 bring bring VERB bracis-33647 111 45 disruption disruption NOUN bracis-33647 111 46 to to ADP bracis-33647 111 47 the the DET bracis-33647 111 48 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 111 49 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 111 50 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 111 51 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33647 111 52 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 111 53 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 111 54 other other ADJ bracis-33647 111 55 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33647 111 56 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 111 57 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 112 1 our our PRON bracis-33647 112 2 research research NOUN bracis-33647 112 3 sets set VERB bracis-33647 112 4 itself itself PRON bracis-33647 112 5 apart apart ADV bracis-33647 112 6 from from ADP bracis-33647 112 7 previous previous ADJ bracis-33647 112 8 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 112 9 by by ADP bracis-33647 112 10 embarking embark VERB bracis-33647 112 11 on on ADP bracis-33647 112 12 an an DET bracis-33647 112 13 initial initial ADJ bracis-33647 112 14 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33647 112 15 to to PART bracis-33647 112 16 address address VERB bracis-33647 112 17 the the DET bracis-33647 112 18 lack lack NOUN bracis-33647 112 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 112 20 studies study NOUN bracis-33647 112 21 that that PRON bracis-33647 112 22 integrate integrate VERB bracis-33647 112 23 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 112 24 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 112 25 models model NOUN bracis-33647 112 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 112 27 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 112 28 generation generation NOUN bracis-33647 112 29 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 112 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 112 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 112 32 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 112 33 for for ADP bracis-33647 112 34 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 112 35 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 112 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 112 37 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 112 38 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 112 39 on on ADP bracis-33647 112 40 social social ADJ bracis-33647 112 41 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 112 42 in in ADP bracis-33647 112 43 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 112 44 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 112 45 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 113 1 we we PRON bracis-33647 113 2 emphasize emphasize VERB bracis-33647 113 3 the the DET bracis-33647 113 4 significance significance NOUN bracis-33647 113 5 of of ADP bracis-33647 113 6 testing test VERB bracis-33647 113 7 different different ADJ bracis-33647 113 8 types type NOUN bracis-33647 113 9 of of ADP bracis-33647 113 10 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 113 11 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 113 12 in in ADP bracis-33647 113 13 the the DET bracis-33647 113 14 process process NOUN bracis-33647 113 15 of of ADP bracis-33647 113 16 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33647 113 17 our our PRON bracis-33647 113 18 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 113 19 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33647 113 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 114 1 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 114 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 114 3 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 114 4 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 114 5 are be AUX bracis-33647 114 6 the the DET bracis-33647 114 7 core core NOUN bracis-33647 114 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 114 9 our our PRON bracis-33647 114 10 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 114 11 method method NOUN bracis-33647 114 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 114 13 which which PRON bracis-33647 114 14 leverages leverage VERB bracis-33647 114 15 the the DET bracis-33647 114 16 advantages advantage NOUN bracis-33647 114 17 of of ADP bracis-33647 114 18 both both PRON bracis-33647 114 19 in in ADP bracis-33647 114 20 an an DET bracis-33647 114 21 attempt attempt NOUN bracis-33647 114 22 to to PART bracis-33647 114 23 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33647 114 24 better well ADJ bracis-33647 114 25 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33647 114 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 115 1 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 115 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 115 3 method method NOUN bracis-33647 115 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 115 5 this this DET bracis-33647 115 6 section section NOUN bracis-33647 115 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 115 8 we we PRON bracis-33647 115 9 propose propose VERB bracis-33647 115 10 a a DET bracis-33647 115 11 methodological methodological ADJ bracis-33647 115 12 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 115 13 for for ADP bracis-33647 115 14 the the DET bracis-33647 115 15 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 115 16 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 115 17 of of ADP bracis-33647 115 18 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 115 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 115 20 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 115 21 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 115 22 on on ADP bracis-33647 115 23 social social ADJ bracis-33647 115 24 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 115 25 using use VERB bracis-33647 115 26 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 115 27 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 115 28 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 115 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 115 30 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 115 31 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 115 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 116 1 the the DET bracis-33647 116 2 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 116 3 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 116 4 applies apply VERB bracis-33647 116 5 the the DET bracis-33647 116 6 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 116 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 116 8 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 116 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 116 10 feature feature NOUN bracis-33647 116 11 tokenizer tokenizer NOUN bracis-33647 116 12 + + CCONJ bracis-33647 116 13 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 116 14 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 116 15 ftt ftt NOUN bracis-33647 116 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 116 17 model model NOUN bracis-33647 117 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 117 2 13 13 NUM bracis-33647 117 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 117 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 117 5 slight slight ADJ bracis-33647 117 6 adjustments adjustment NOUN bracis-33647 117 7 on on ADP bracis-33647 117 8 the the DET bracis-33647 117 9 base base NOUN bracis-33647 117 10 ftt ftt NOUN bracis-33647 117 11 model model NOUN bracis-33647 117 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 117 13 integration integration NOUN bracis-33647 117 14 to to PART bracis-33647 117 15 pytorch pytorch VERB bracis-33647 117 16 frame frame NOUN bracis-33647 117 17 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33647 117 18 for for ADP bracis-33647 117 19 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 117 20 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 117 21 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 117 22 while while SCONJ bracis-33647 117 23 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-33647 117 24 language language NOUN bracis-33647 117 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 117 26 specific specific ADJ bracis-33647 117 27 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 117 28 for for ADP bracis-33647 117 29 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 117 30 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 117 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 118 1 figure figure VERB bracis-33647 118 2     SPACE bracis-33647 118 3 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 118 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-33647 118 5 a a DET bracis-33647 118 6 five five NUM bracis-33647 118 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 118 8 step step NOUN bracis-33647 118 9 development development NOUN bracis-33647 118 10 process process NOUN bracis-33647 118 11 of of ADP bracis-33647 118 12 this this DET bracis-33647 118 13 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 118 14 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 118 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 118 16 which which PRON bracis-33647 118 17 includes include VERB bracis-33647 118 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 118 19 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 118 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 118 21 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 118 22 preparation preparation NOUN bracis-33647 118 23 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 118 24 2 2 X bracis-33647 118 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 118 26 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 118 27 generation generation NOUN bracis-33647 118 28 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 118 29 3 3 X bracis-33647 118 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 118 31 model model NOUN bracis-33647 118 32 training training NOUN bracis-33647 118 33 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 118 34 4 4 X bracis-33647 118 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 118 36 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 118 37 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 118 38 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 118 39 5 5 X bracis-33647 118 40 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 118 41 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33647 118 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 119 1 it it PRON bracis-33647 119 2 is be AUX bracis-33647 119 3 summarized summarize VERB bracis-33647 119 4 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 119 5 follows follow VERB bracis-33647 119 6 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 119 7 fig fig NOUN bracis-33647 119 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 120 1 1 1 X bracis-33647 120 2 . . X bracis-33647 120 3 a a DET bracis-33647 120 4 step step NOUN bracis-33647 120 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 120 6 by by ADP bracis-33647 120 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 120 8 step step NOUN bracis-33647 120 9 process process NOUN bracis-33647 120 10 to to PART bracis-33647 120 11 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 120 12 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 120 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 120 14 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 120 15 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 120 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 121 1 full full ADJ bracis-33647 121 2 size size NOUN bracis-33647 121 3 image image NOUN bracis-33647 121 4 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 121 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 121 6 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 121 7 preparation preparation NOUN bracis-33647 121 8 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 121 9 the the DET bracis-33647 121 10 initial initial ADJ bracis-33647 121 11 step step NOUN bracis-33647 121 12 involves involve VERB bracis-33647 121 13 gathering gather VERB bracis-33647 121 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 121 15 normalizing normalize VERB bracis-33647 121 16 the the DET bracis-33647 121 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 121 18 to to PART bracis-33647 121 19 ensure ensure VERB bracis-33647 121 20 it it PRON bracis-33647 121 21 is be AUX bracis-33647 121 22 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33647 121 23 for for ADP bracis-33647 121 24 training training NOUN bracis-33647 121 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 121 26 has have VERB bracis-33647 121 27 a a DET bracis-33647 121 28 consistent consistent ADJ bracis-33647 121 29 input input NOUN bracis-33647 121 30 format format NOUN bracis-33647 121 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 122 1 this this DET bracis-33647 122 2 preparation preparation NOUN bracis-33647 122 3 removes remove VERB bracis-33647 122 4 unwanted unwanted ADJ bracis-33647 122 5 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 122 6 columns column NOUN bracis-33647 122 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 122 8 shapes shape VERB bracis-33647 122 9 the the DET bracis-33647 122 10 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 122 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 122 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 122 13 normalizes normalize VERB bracis-33647 122 14 the the DET bracis-33647 122 15 text text NOUN bracis-33647 122 16 with with ADP bracis-33647 122 17 enelvo enelvo NOUN bracis-33647 123 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 123 2 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 123 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 123 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 124 1 2 2 X bracis-33647 124 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 124 3 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 124 4 generation generation NOUN bracis-33647 124 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 124 6 this this DET bracis-33647 124 7 step step NOUN bracis-33647 124 8 entails entail VERB bracis-33647 124 9 the the DET bracis-33647 124 10 textual textual ADJ bracis-33647 124 11 data data NOUN bracis-33647 124 12 conversion conversion NOUN bracis-33647 124 13 into into ADP bracis-33647 124 14 vector vector NOUN bracis-33647 124 15 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 124 16 using use VERB bracis-33647 124 17 a a DET bracis-33647 124 18 text text NOUN bracis-33647 124 19 embedder embedder NOUN bracis-33647 124 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 124 21 te te PROPN bracis-33647 124 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 124 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 124 24 which which PRON bracis-33647 124 25 is be AUX bracis-33647 124 26 an an DET bracis-33647 124 27 lm lm ADV bracis-33647 124 28 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 124 29 based base VERB bracis-33647 124 30 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 124 31 generation generation NOUN bracis-33647 124 32 tool tool NOUN bracis-33647 124 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 125 1 the the DET bracis-33647 125 2 output output NOUN bracis-33647 125 3 representation representation NOUN bracis-33647 125 4 matches match VERB bracis-33647 125 5 the the DET bracis-33647 125 6 format format NOUN bracis-33647 125 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 125 8 dimension dimension NOUN bracis-33647 125 9 from from ADP bracis-33647 125 10 the the DET bracis-33647 125 11 input input NOUN bracis-33647 125 12 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 125 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 125 14 the the DET bracis-33647 125 15 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 125 16 size size NOUN bracis-33647 125 17 of of ADP bracis-33647 125 18 the the DET bracis-33647 125 19 model model NOUN bracis-33647 125 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 126 1 to to PART bracis-33647 126 2 format format VERB bracis-33647 126 3 the the DET bracis-33647 126 4 te te PROPN bracis-33647 126 5 output output NOUN bracis-33647 126 6 into into ADP bracis-33647 126 7 a a DET bracis-33647 126 8 tensor tensor NOUN bracis-33647 126 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 126 10 friendly friendly ADJ bracis-33647 126 11 format format NOUN bracis-33647 126 12 suited suit VERB bracis-33647 126 13 for for ADP bracis-33647 126 14 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 126 15 pipelines pipeline NOUN bracis-33647 126 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 126 17 the the DET bracis-33647 126 18 materialization materialization NOUN bracis-33647 126 19 step step NOUN bracis-33647 126 20 is be AUX bracis-33647 126 21 required require VERB bracis-33647 126 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 126 23 where where SCONJ bracis-33647 126 24 te te AUX bracis-33647 126 25 pre pre VERB bracis-33647 126 26 - - NOUN bracis-33647 126 27 encodes encode VERB bracis-33647 126 28 the the DET bracis-33647 126 29 text text NOUN bracis-33647 126 30 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 126 31 before before ADP bracis-33647 126 32 being be AUX bracis-33647 126 33 shaped shape VERB bracis-33647 126 34 into into ADP bracis-33647 126 35 a a DET bracis-33647 126 36 final final ADJ bracis-33647 126 37 tensor tensor NOUN bracis-33647 126 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 127 1 the the DET bracis-33647 127 2 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-33647 127 3 of of ADP bracis-33647 127 4 the the DET bracis-33647 127 5 input input NOUN bracis-33647 127 6 text text NOUN bracis-33647 127 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 127 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 127 9 the the DET bracis-33647 127 10 language language NOUN bracis-33647 127 11 model model NOUN bracis-33647 127 12 used use VERB bracis-33647 127 13 as as ADP bracis-33647 127 14 an an DET bracis-33647 127 15 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33647 127 16 in in ADP bracis-33647 127 17 te te PART bracis-33647 127 18 determine determine VERB bracis-33647 127 19 the the DET bracis-33647 127 20 final final ADJ bracis-33647 127 21 tensor tensor NOUN bracis-33647 127 22 shape shape NOUN bracis-33647 127 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 128 1 3 3 X bracis-33647 128 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 128 3 model model NOUN bracis-33647 128 4 training training NOUN bracis-33647 128 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 128 6 the the DET bracis-33647 128 7 processed process VERB bracis-33647 128 8 data data NOUN bracis-33647 128 9 is be AUX bracis-33647 128 10 then then ADV bracis-33647 128 11 fed feed VERB bracis-33647 128 12 into into ADP bracis-33647 128 13 the the DET bracis-33647 128 14 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 128 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 128 16 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 128 17 model model NOUN bracis-33647 128 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 128 19 which which PRON bracis-33647 128 20 is be AUX bracis-33647 128 21 subsequently subsequently ADV bracis-33647 128 22 trained train VERB bracis-33647 128 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 129 1 the the DET bracis-33647 129 2 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 129 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 129 4 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 129 5 has have VERB bracis-33647 129 6 two two NUM bracis-33647 129 7 main main ADJ bracis-33647 129 8 components component NOUN bracis-33647 129 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 129 10 the the DET bracis-33647 129 11 feature feature NOUN bracis-33647 129 12 tokenizer tokenizer NOUN bracis-33647 129 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 129 14 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 129 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 129 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 129 17 the the DET bracis-33647 129 18 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 129 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 130 1 since since SCONJ bracis-33647 130 2 the the DET bracis-33647 130 3 original original ADJ bracis-33647 130 4 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 130 5 can can AUX bracis-33647 130 6 not not PART bracis-33647 130 7 ensure ensure VERB bracis-33647 130 8 smooth smooth ADJ bracis-33647 130 9 operation operation NOUN bracis-33647 130 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 130 11 proper proper ADJ bracis-33647 130 12 encoding encoding NOUN bracis-33647 130 13 of of ADP bracis-33647 130 14 text text NOUN bracis-33647 130 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 130 16 types type NOUN bracis-33647 130 17 in in ADP bracis-33647 130 18 the the DET bracis-33647 130 19 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 130 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 130 21 this this DET bracis-33647 130 22 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 130 23 relies rely VERB bracis-33647 130 24 on on ADP bracis-33647 130 25 its its PRON bracis-33647 130 26 enhanced enhance VERB bracis-33647 130 27 version version NOUN bracis-33647 130 28 reformulated reformulate VERB bracis-33647 130 29 by by ADP bracis-33647 130 30 hu hu PROPN bracis-33647 130 31 et et PROPN bracis-33647 130 32 al al PROPN bracis-33647 130 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 130 34     SPACE bracis-33647 131 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 131 2 15 15 NUM bracis-33647 131 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 131 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 131 5 stypeencoder stypeencoder NOUN bracis-33647 131 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 132 1 after after ADP bracis-33647 132 2 properly properly ADV bracis-33647 132 3 handling handle VERB bracis-33647 132 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 132 5 processing process VERB bracis-33647 132 6 each each DET bracis-33647 132 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 132 8 type type NOUN bracis-33647 132 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 132 10 the the DET bracis-33647 132 11 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 132 12 are be AUX bracis-33647 132 13 concatenated concatenate VERB bracis-33647 132 14 into into ADP bracis-33647 132 15 a a DET bracis-33647 132 16 dense dense ADJ bracis-33647 132 17 vector vector NOUN bracis-33647 132 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 132 19 passed pass VERB bracis-33647 132 20 to to ADP bracis-33647 132 21 the the DET bracis-33647 132 22 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 132 23 component component NOUN bracis-33647 132 24 as as ADP bracis-33647 132 25 training training NOUN bracis-33647 132 26 input input NOUN bracis-33647 132 27 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 132 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 133 1 4 4 X bracis-33647 133 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 133 3 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 133 4 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 133 5 after after ADP bracis-33647 133 6 training training NOUN bracis-33647 133 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 133 8 the the DET bracis-33647 133 9 model model NOUN bracis-33647 133 10 is be AUX bracis-33647 133 11 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33647 133 12 using use VERB bracis-33647 133 13 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33647 133 14 such such ADJ bracis-33647 133 15 as as ADP bracis-33647 133 16 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 133 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 133 18 score score NOUN bracis-33647 133 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 133 20 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 133 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 134 1 this this DET bracis-33647 134 2 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-33647 134 3 helps help VERB bracis-33647 134 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 134 5 understanding understand VERB bracis-33647 134 6 the the DET bracis-33647 134 7 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-33647 134 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 134 9 the the DET bracis-33647 134 10 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 134 11 in in ADP bracis-33647 134 12 correctly correctly ADV bracis-33647 134 13 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 134 14 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 134 15 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 134 16 while while SCONJ bracis-33647 134 17 minimizing minimize VERB bracis-33647 134 18 false false ADJ bracis-33647 134 19 positives positive NOUN bracis-33647 134 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 134 21 negatives negative NOUN bracis-33647 134 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 135 1 5 5 NUM bracis-33647 135 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 135 3 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33647 135 4 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 135 5 finally finally ADV bracis-33647 135 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 135 7 the the DET bracis-33647 135 8 trained train VERB bracis-33647 135 9 model model NOUN bracis-33647 135 10 generates generate VERB bracis-33647 135 11 predictions prediction NOUN bracis-33647 135 12 on on ADP bracis-33647 135 13 a a DET bracis-33647 135 14 separate separate ADJ bracis-33647 135 15 test test NOUN bracis-33647 135 16 set set VERB bracis-33647 135 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 136 1 this this DET bracis-33647 136 2 step step NOUN bracis-33647 136 3 validates validate VERB bracis-33647 136 4 the the DET bracis-33647 136 5 model model NOUN bracis-33647 136 6 ’s ’s PART bracis-33647 136 7 capability capability NOUN bracis-33647 136 8 to to PART bracis-33647 136 9 adapt adapt VERB bracis-33647 136 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 136 11 perform perform VERB bracis-33647 136 12 effectively effectively ADV bracis-33647 136 13 on on ADP bracis-33647 136 14 unseen unseen ADJ bracis-33647 136 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 136 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 136 17 demonstrating demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 136 18 its its PRON bracis-33647 136 19 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33647 136 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 136 21 reliability reliability NOUN bracis-33647 136 22 for for ADP bracis-33647 136 23 other other ADJ bracis-33647 136 24 text text NOUN bracis-33647 136 25 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 136 26 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 136 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 136 28 real real ADJ bracis-33647 136 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 136 30 world world NOUN bracis-33647 136 31 applications application NOUN bracis-33647 136 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 137 1 by by ADP bracis-33647 137 2 following follow VERB bracis-33647 137 3 this this DET bracis-33647 137 4 structured structured ADJ bracis-33647 137 5 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 137 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 137 7 we we PRON bracis-33647 137 8 aim aim VERB bracis-33647 137 9 to to PART bracis-33647 137 10 harness harness VERB bracis-33647 137 11 the the DET bracis-33647 137 12 capabilities capability NOUN bracis-33647 137 13 of of ADP bracis-33647 137 14 the the DET bracis-33647 137 15 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 137 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 137 17 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 137 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 137 19 advanced advanced ADJ bracis-33647 137 20 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 137 21 models model NOUN bracis-33647 137 22 to to PART bracis-33647 137 23 improve improve VERB bracis-33647 137 24 the the DET bracis-33647 137 25 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 137 26 of of ADP bracis-33647 137 27 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 137 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 137 29 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 137 30 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 137 31 in in ADP bracis-33647 137 32 social social ADJ bracis-33647 137 33 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 137 34 contexts contexts NOUN bracis-33647 137 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 138 1 note note VERB bracis-33647 138 2 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 138 3 there there PRON bracis-33647 138 4 is be VERB bracis-33647 138 5 an an DET bracis-33647 138 6 intrinsic intrinsic ADJ bracis-33647 138 7 challenge challenge NOUN bracis-33647 138 8 in in ADP bracis-33647 138 9 selecting select VERB bracis-33647 138 10 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33647 138 11 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 138 12 models model NOUN bracis-33647 138 13 for for ADP bracis-33647 138 14 tasks task NOUN bracis-33647 138 15 like like ADP bracis-33647 138 16 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 138 17 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 138 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 138 19 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 138 20 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 138 21 in in ADP bracis-33647 138 22 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 138 23 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 138 24 since since SCONJ bracis-33647 138 25 language language NOUN bracis-33647 138 26 models model NOUN bracis-33647 138 27 can can AUX bracis-33647 138 28 introduce introduce VERB bracis-33647 138 29 noise noise NOUN bracis-33647 138 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 138 31 impair impair VERB bracis-33647 138 32 the the DET bracis-33647 138 33 quality quality NOUN bracis-33647 138 34 of of ADP bracis-33647 138 35 the the DET bracis-33647 138 36 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 138 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 138 38 leading lead VERB bracis-33647 138 39 to to ADP bracis-33647 138 40 inferior inferior ADJ bracis-33647 138 41 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 138 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 139 1 so so ADV bracis-33647 139 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 139 3 to to PART bracis-33647 139 4 accommodate accommodate VERB bracis-33647 139 5 the the DET bracis-33647 139 6 language language NOUN bracis-33647 139 7 domain domain NOUN bracis-33647 139 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 139 9 its its PRON bracis-33647 139 10 nuances nuance NOUN bracis-33647 139 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 139 12 this this DET bracis-33647 139 13 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 139 14 also also ADV bracis-33647 139 15 employs employ VERB bracis-33647 139 16 reliable reliable ADJ bracis-33647 139 17 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33647 139 18 language language NOUN bracis-33647 139 19 models model NOUN bracis-33647 139 20 as as ADP bracis-33647 139 21 generative generative ADJ bracis-33647 139 22 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 139 23 models model NOUN bracis-33647 139 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 139 25 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 139 26 language language NOUN bracis-33647 139 27 embedders embedder NOUN bracis-33647 139 28 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 139 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 140 1 4 4 NUM bracis-33647 140 2 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33647 140 3 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 140 4     SPACE bracis-33647 140 5 results result NOUN bracis-33647 140 6 this this DET bracis-33647 140 7 section section NOUN bracis-33647 140 8 focuses focus VERB bracis-33647 140 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 140 10 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 140 11 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 140 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 140 13 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 140 14 content content NOUN bracis-33647 140 15 in in ADP bracis-33647 140 16 social social ADJ bracis-33647 140 17 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 140 18 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 140 19 through through ADP bracis-33647 140 20 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 140 21 text text NOUN bracis-33647 140 22 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 140 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 141 1 the the DET bracis-33647 141 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33647 141 3 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33647 141 4 described describe VERB bracis-33647 141 5 in in ADP bracis-33647 141 6 this this DET bracis-33647 141 7 study study NOUN bracis-33647 141 8 outline outline NOUN bracis-33647 141 9 the the DET bracis-33647 141 10 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 141 11 used use VERB bracis-33647 141 12 to to PART bracis-33647 141 13 conduct conduct VERB bracis-33647 141 14 our our PRON bracis-33647 141 15 research research NOUN bracis-33647 141 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 141 17 assess assess VERB bracis-33647 141 18 the the DET bracis-33647 141 19 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-33647 141 20 of of ADP bracis-33647 141 21 our our PRON bracis-33647 141 22 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 141 23 solution solution NOUN bracis-33647 141 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 142 1 our our PRON bracis-33647 142 2 methodology methodology NOUN bracis-33647 142 3 is be AUX bracis-33647 142 4 tested test VERB bracis-33647 142 5 using use VERB bracis-33647 142 6 the the DET bracis-33647 142 7 told tell VERB bracis-33647 142 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 142 9 br br NOUN bracis-33647 142 10 [ [ X bracis-33647 142 11 17 17 NUM bracis-33647 142 12 ] ] X bracis-33647 142 13 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 142 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 142 15 which which PRON bracis-33647 142 16 consists consist VERB bracis-33647 142 17 of of ADP bracis-33647 142 18 21k 21k NOUN bracis-33647 142 19 social social ADJ bracis-33647 142 20 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 142 21 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 142 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 143 1 to to PART bracis-33647 143 2 ensure ensure VERB bracis-33647 143 3 consistency consistency NOUN bracis-33647 143 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 143 5 facilitate facilitate VERB bracis-33647 143 6 fair fair ADJ bracis-33647 143 7 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33647 143 8 with with ADP bracis-33647 143 9 other other ADJ bracis-33647 143 10 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 143 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 143 12 we we PRON bracis-33647 143 13 divided divide VERB bracis-33647 143 14 the the DET bracis-33647 143 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 143 16 into into ADP bracis-33647 143 17 80 80 NUM bracis-33647 143 18 % % NOUN bracis-33647 143 19 for for ADP bracis-33647 143 20 training training NOUN bracis-33647 143 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 143 22 10 10 NUM bracis-33647 143 23 % % NOUN bracis-33647 143 24 for for ADP bracis-33647 143 25 validation validation NOUN bracis-33647 143 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 143 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 143 28 10 10 NUM bracis-33647 143 29 % % NOUN bracis-33647 143 30 for for ADP bracis-33647 143 31 testing testing NOUN bracis-33647 143 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 143 33 in in ADP bracis-33647 143 34 line line NOUN bracis-33647 143 35 with with ADP bracis-33647 143 36 the the DET bracis-33647 143 37 original original ADJ bracis-33647 143 38 experiment experiment NOUN bracis-33647 143 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 144 1 the the DET bracis-33647 144 2 selected select VERB bracis-33647 144 3 model model NOUN bracis-33647 144 4 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33647 144 5 for for ADP bracis-33647 144 6 this this DET bracis-33647 144 7 experiment experiment NOUN bracis-33647 144 8 are be AUX bracis-33647 144 9 listed list VERB bracis-33647 144 10 in in ADP bracis-33647 144 11 table table NOUN bracis-33647 144 12     SPACE bracis-33647 144 13 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 144 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 145 1 alongside alongside ADP bracis-33647 145 2 using use VERB bracis-33647 145 3 the the DET bracis-33647 145 4 adamw adamw NOUN bracis-33647 145 5 optimizer optimizer NOUN bracis-33647 145 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 145 7 a a DET bracis-33647 145 8 scheduler scheduler NOUN bracis-33647 145 9 was be AUX bracis-33647 145 10 implemented implement VERB bracis-33647 145 11 to to PART bracis-33647 145 12 gradually gradually ADV bracis-33647 145 13 reduce reduce VERB bracis-33647 145 14 the the DET bracis-33647 145 15 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 145 16 rate rate NOUN bracis-33647 145 17 from from ADP bracis-33647 145 18 its its PRON bracis-33647 145 19 starting starting NOUN bracis-33647 145 20 value value NOUN bracis-33647 145 21 to to ADP bracis-33647 145 22 zero zero NUM bracis-33647 145 23 during during ADP bracis-33647 145 24 training training NOUN bracis-33647 145 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 146 1 table table NOUN bracis-33647 146 2 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 146 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 146 4 model model NOUN bracis-33647 146 5 parameters.full parameters.full ADJ bracis-33647 146 6 size size NOUN bracis-33647 146 7 table table NOUN bracis-33647 146 8 table table NOUN bracis-33647 146 9 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 146 10 . . X bracis-33647 146 11 list list NOUN bracis-33647 146 12 of of ADP bracis-33647 146 13 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 146 14 models.full models.full ADJ bracis-33647 146 15 size size NOUN bracis-33647 146 16 table table NOUN bracis-33647 146 17 the the DET bracis-33647 146 18 text text NOUN bracis-33647 146 19 embedder embedder NOUN bracis-33647 146 20 uses use VERB bracis-33647 146 21 different different ADJ bracis-33647 146 22 models model NOUN bracis-33647 146 23 in in ADP bracis-33647 146 24 each each DET bracis-33647 146 25 training training NOUN bracis-33647 146 26 round round NOUN bracis-33647 146 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 146 28 these these PRON bracis-33647 146 29 are be AUX bracis-33647 146 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 146 31 i i NOUN bracis-33647 146 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 146 33 sbert sbert NOUN bracis-33647 146 34 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 146 35 e5 e5 NOUN bracis-33647 146 36 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 146 37 large large ADJ bracis-33647 147 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 147 2 40 40 NUM bracis-33647 147 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 147 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 147 5 sbertimbau sbertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 147 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 147 7 largefootnote largefootnote ADJ bracis-33647 147 8 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 147 9 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 147 10 ii ii X bracis-33647 147 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 147 12 bert bert PROPN bracis-33647 147 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 147 14 based base VERB bracis-33647 147 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 147 16 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 147 17 [ [ X bracis-33647 147 18 35 35 NUM bracis-33647 147 19 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 147 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 147 21 deberta deberta NOUN bracis-33647 147 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 147 23 v2 v2 NOUN bracis-33647 147 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 147 25 xl xl PROPN bracis-33647 148 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 148 2 14 14 NUM bracis-33647 148 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 148 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 148 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 148 6 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 148 7 pt pt PROPN bracis-33647 148 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 148 9 br br NOUN bracis-33647 149 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 149 2 30 30 NUM bracis-33647 149 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 149 4 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33647 149 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 149 6 llm llm PROPN bracis-33647 149 7 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 149 8 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 149 9 voyageai voyageai ADJ bracis-33647 149 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 149 11 voyage voyage NOUN bracis-33647 149 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 149 13 large-2 large-2 NUM bracis-33647 149 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 149 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 149 16 openai openai NOUN bracis-33647 149 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 149 18 text text NOUN bracis-33647 149 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 149 20 embedding-3 embedding-3 NUM bracis-33647 149 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 149 22 large large ADJ bracis-33647 149 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 149 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 150 1 table table NOUN bracis-33647 150 2     SPACE bracis-33647 150 3 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 150 4 details detail NOUN bracis-33647 150 5 these these DET bracis-33647 150 6 models model NOUN bracis-33647 150 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 150 8 including include VERB bracis-33647 150 9 their their PRON bracis-33647 150 10 language language NOUN bracis-33647 150 11 support support NOUN bracis-33647 150 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 150 13 the the DET bracis-33647 150 14 output output NOUN bracis-33647 150 15 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 150 16 dimensions dimension NOUN bracis-33647 150 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 151 1 the the DET bracis-33647 151 2 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33647 151 3 performed perform VERB bracis-33647 151 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 151 5 our our PRON bracis-33647 151 6 study study NOUN bracis-33647 151 7 follow follow VERB bracis-33647 151 8 the the DET bracis-33647 151 9 least least ADJ bracis-33647 151 10 strict strict ADJ bracis-33647 151 11 annotator annotator NOUN bracis-33647 151 12 agreement agreement PROPN bracis-33647 151 13 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33647 151 14 described describe VERB bracis-33647 151 15 by by ADP bracis-33647 151 16 leite leite PROPN bracis-33647 151 17 et et PROPN bracis-33647 151 18 al al PROPN bracis-33647 151 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 152 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 152 2 17 17 NUM bracis-33647 152 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 152 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 153 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 153 2 this this DET bracis-33647 153 3 agreement agreement NOUN bracis-33647 153 4 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33647 153 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 153 6 the the DET bracis-33647 153 7 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 153 8 contains contain VERB bracis-33647 153 9 11,745 11,745 NUM bracis-33647 153 10 non non ADJ bracis-33647 153 11 - - ADJ bracis-33647 153 12 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 153 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 153 14 9,255 9,255 NUM bracis-33647 153 15 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 153 16 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 153 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 153 18 with with ADP bracis-33647 153 19 a a DET bracis-33647 153 20 ratio ratio NOUN bracis-33647 153 21 in in ADP bracis-33647 153 22 the the DET bracis-33647 153 23 class class NOUN bracis-33647 153 24 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-33647 153 25 of of ADP bracis-33647 153 26 1:1.2 1:1.2 NUM bracis-33647 153 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 153 28 which which PRON bracis-33647 153 29 makes make VERB bracis-33647 153 30 the the DET bracis-33647 153 31 told tell VERB bracis-33647 153 32 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 153 33 br br NOUN bracis-33647 153 34 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 153 35 can can AUX bracis-33647 153 36 still still ADV bracis-33647 153 37 be be AUX bracis-33647 153 38 considered consider VERB bracis-33647 153 39 fairly fairly ADV bracis-33647 153 40 balanced balanced ADJ bracis-33647 153 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 154 1 after after ADP bracis-33647 154 2 completing complete VERB bracis-33647 154 3 training training NOUN bracis-33647 154 4 rounds round NOUN bracis-33647 154 5 for for ADP bracis-33647 154 6 each each DET bracis-33647 154 7 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 154 8 model model NOUN bracis-33647 154 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 154 10 a a DET bracis-33647 154 11 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 154 12 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-33647 154 13 can can AUX bracis-33647 154 14 be be AUX bracis-33647 154 15 done do VERB bracis-33647 154 16 based base VERB bracis-33647 154 17 on on ADP bracis-33647 154 18 the the DET bracis-33647 154 19 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33647 154 20 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33647 154 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 155 1 table table NOUN bracis-33647 155 2     SPACE bracis-33647 155 3 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 155 4 displays display VERB bracis-33647 155 5 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 155 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 155 7 score score NOUN bracis-33647 155 8 for for ADP bracis-33647 155 9 both both CCONJ bracis-33647 155 10 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 155 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 155 12 non non ADJ bracis-33647 155 13 - - ADJ bracis-33647 155 14 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 155 15 classes class NOUN bracis-33647 155 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 155 17 as as ADV bracis-33647 155 18 well well ADV bracis-33647 155 19 as as ADP bracis-33647 155 20 the the DET bracis-33647 155 21 overall overall ADJ bracis-33647 155 22 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 155 23 of of ADP bracis-33647 155 24 the the DET bracis-33647 155 25 chosen choose VERB bracis-33647 155 26 te te PROPN bracis-33647 155 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 155 28 table table NOUN bracis-33647 155 29 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 155 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 156 1 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33647 156 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 156 3 on on ADP bracis-33647 156 4 different different ADJ bracis-33647 156 5 text text NOUN bracis-33647 156 6 embedders.full embedders.full NOUN bracis-33647 156 7 size size NOUN bracis-33647 156 8 table table NOUN bracis-33647 156 9 table table NOUN bracis-33647 156 10 4 4 NUM bracis-33647 156 11 . . NOUN bracis-33647 156 12 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 156 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 156 14 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 156 15 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 156 16 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 156 17 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 156 18 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33647 156 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 156 20 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 156 21 using use VERB bracis-33647 156 22 told-br.full told-br.full NUM bracis-33647 156 23 size size NOUN bracis-33647 156 24 table table NOUN bracis-33647 156 25 based base VERB bracis-33647 156 26 on on ADP bracis-33647 156 27 these these DET bracis-33647 156 28 results result NOUN bracis-33647 156 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 156 30 the the DET bracis-33647 156 31 openai openai VERB bracis-33647 156 32 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 156 33 te3 te3 NOUN bracis-33647 156 34 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 156 35 large large ADJ bracis-33647 156 36 model model NOUN bracis-33647 156 37 has have VERB bracis-33647 156 38 the the DET bracis-33647 156 39 highest high ADJ bracis-33647 156 40 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 156 41 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 156 42 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 156 43 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 156 44 score score NOUN bracis-33647 156 45 for for ADP bracis-33647 156 46 the the DET bracis-33647 156 47 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 156 48 class class NOUN bracis-33647 156 49 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 156 50 making make VERB bracis-33647 156 51 it it PRON bracis-33647 156 52 the the DET bracis-33647 156 53 most most ADV bracis-33647 156 54 robust robust ADJ bracis-33647 156 55 choice choice NOUN bracis-33647 156 56 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 157 1 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 157 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 157 3 sbertimbau sbertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 157 4 are be AUX bracis-33647 157 5 strong strong ADJ bracis-33647 157 6 performers performer NOUN bracis-33647 157 7 among among ADP bracis-33647 157 8 monolingual monolingual ADJ bracis-33647 157 9 models model NOUN bracis-33647 157 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 157 11 with with ADP bracis-33647 157 12 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 157 13 being be AUX bracis-33647 157 14 effective effective ADJ bracis-33647 157 15 for for ADP bracis-33647 157 16 the the DET bracis-33647 157 17 non non ADJ bracis-33647 157 18 - - ADJ bracis-33647 157 19 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 157 20 class class NOUN bracis-33647 157 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 157 22 sbertimbau sbertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 157 23 performing perform VERB bracis-33647 157 24 better well ADV bracis-33647 157 25 for for ADP bracis-33647 157 26 the the DET bracis-33647 157 27 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 157 28 class class NOUN bracis-33647 157 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 158 1 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 158 2 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 158 3 models model NOUN bracis-33647 158 4 like like ADP bracis-33647 158 5 openai openai NOUN bracis-33647 158 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 158 7 te3 te3 NOUN bracis-33647 158 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 158 9 large large ADJ bracis-33647 158 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 158 11 me5large me5large NOUN bracis-33647 158 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 158 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 158 14 voyagelarge2 voyagelarge2 NOUN bracis-33647 158 15 show show NOUN bracis-33647 158 16 excellent excellent ADJ bracis-33647 158 17 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 158 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 159 1 table table NOUN bracis-33647 159 2     SPACE bracis-33647 159 3 4 4 NUM bracis-33647 159 4 compares compare VERB bracis-33647 159 5 the the DET bracis-33647 159 6 results result NOUN bracis-33647 159 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 159 8 different different ADJ bracis-33647 159 9 developed develop VERB bracis-33647 159 10 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 159 11 used use VERB bracis-33647 159 12 for for ADP bracis-33647 159 13 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 159 14 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 159 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 159 16 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 159 17 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 159 18 using use VERB bracis-33647 159 19 the the DET bracis-33647 159 20 told tell VERB bracis-33647 159 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 159 22 br br NOUN bracis-33647 159 23 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 159 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 159 25 compares compare VERB bracis-33647 159 26 the the DET bracis-33647 159 27 overall overall ADJ bracis-33647 159 28 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 159 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 159 30 score score NOUN bracis-33647 159 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 159 32 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 159 33 of of ADP bracis-33647 159 34 each each DET bracis-33647 159 35 method method NOUN bracis-33647 159 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 160 1 the the DET bracis-33647 160 2 results result NOUN bracis-33647 160 3 show show VERB bracis-33647 160 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 160 5 the the DET bracis-33647 160 6 best well ADV bracis-33647 160 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 160 8 performing perform VERB bracis-33647 160 9 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33647 160 10 for for ADP bracis-33647 160 11 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 160 12 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 160 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 160 14 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 160 15 in in ADP bracis-33647 160 16 social social ADJ bracis-33647 160 17 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 160 18 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 160 19 involve involve VERB bracis-33647 160 20 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-33647 160 21 fine fine ADJ bracis-33647 160 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 160 23 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33647 160 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 160 25 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33647 160 26 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 160 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 160 28 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 160 29 zero zero NUM bracis-33647 160 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 160 31 shot shot NOUN bracis-33647 160 32 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 160 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 160 34 like like ADP bracis-33647 160 35 bertimbau bertimbau NOUN bracis-33647 160 36 large large ADJ bracis-33647 160 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 160 38 m m NOUN bracis-33647 160 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 160 40 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 160 41 as as ADP bracis-33647 160 42 classifiers classifier NOUN bracis-33647 160 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 160 44 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 160 45 prompting prompt VERB bracis-33647 160 46 gpt gpt NOUN bracis-33647 160 47 3.5 3.5 NUM bracis-33647 160 48 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 160 49 turbo turbo NOUN bracis-33647 160 50 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 161 1 however however ADV bracis-33647 161 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 161 3 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 161 4 that that PRON bracis-33647 161 5 use use VERB bracis-33647 161 6 graph graph NOUN bracis-33647 161 7 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 161 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 161 9 static static ADJ bracis-33647 161 10 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 161 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 161 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 161 13 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 161 14 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 161 15 models model NOUN bracis-33647 161 16 can can AUX bracis-33647 161 17 also also ADV bracis-33647 161 18 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33647 161 19 strong strong ADJ bracis-33647 161 20 results result NOUN bracis-33647 161 21 even even ADV bracis-33647 161 22 without without ADP bracis-33647 161 23 additional additional ADJ bracis-33647 161 24 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33647 161 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 161 26 providing provide VERB bracis-33647 161 27 a a DET bracis-33647 161 28 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33647 161 29 for for ADP bracis-33647 161 30 future future ADJ bracis-33647 161 31 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33647 161 32 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 161 33 hybrid hybrid NOUN bracis-33647 161 34 implementations implementation NOUN bracis-33647 161 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 161 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 161 37 that that PRON bracis-33647 161 38 was be AUX bracis-33647 161 39 shown show VERB bracis-33647 161 40 with with ADP bracis-33647 161 41 our our PRON bracis-33647 161 42 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 161 43 in in ADP bracis-33647 161 44 the the DET bracis-33647 161 45 openai openai PROPN bracis-33647 161 46 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 161 47 te3 te3 NOUN bracis-33647 161 48 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 161 49 large large ADJ bracis-33647 161 50 + + CCONJ bracis-33647 161 51 ftt ftt NOUN bracis-33647 161 52 setting setting NOUN bracis-33647 161 53 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 162 1 the the DET bracis-33647 162 2 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-33647 162 3 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-33647 162 4 depicted depict VERB bracis-33647 162 5 in in ADP bracis-33647 162 6 fig fig NOUN bracis-33647 162 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 162 8     SPACE bracis-33647 162 9 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 162 10 serves serve VERB bracis-33647 162 11 as as ADP bracis-33647 162 12 a a DET bracis-33647 162 13 subsequent subsequent ADJ bracis-33647 162 14 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-33647 162 15 of of ADP bracis-33647 162 16 the the DET bracis-33647 162 17 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 162 18 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 162 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 162 20 providing provide VERB bracis-33647 162 21 additional additional ADJ bracis-33647 162 22 insights insight NOUN bracis-33647 162 23 into into ADP bracis-33647 162 24 the the DET bracis-33647 162 25 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 162 26 of of ADP bracis-33647 162 27 the the DET bracis-33647 162 28 model model NOUN bracis-33647 162 29 over over ADP bracis-33647 162 30 the the DET bracis-33647 162 31 classes class NOUN bracis-33647 162 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 162 33 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 162 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 162 35 non non ADJ bracis-33647 162 36 - - ADJ bracis-33647 162 37 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 162 38 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 162 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 163 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33647 163 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 164 1 2 2 X bracis-33647 164 2 . . X bracis-33647 164 3 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-33647 164 4 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-33647 164 5 for for ADP bracis-33647 164 6 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 164 7 vs. vs. CCONJ bracis-33647 164 8 non non ADJ bracis-33647 164 9 - - ADJ bracis-33647 164 10 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 164 11 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 164 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 165 1 full full ADJ bracis-33647 165 2 size size NOUN bracis-33647 165 3 image image NOUN bracis-33647 165 4 the the DET bracis-33647 165 5 confusion confusion NOUN bracis-33647 165 6 matrix matrix NOUN bracis-33647 165 7 reveals reveal VERB bracis-33647 165 8 that that SCONJ bracis-33647 165 9 the the DET bracis-33647 165 10 model model NOUN bracis-33647 165 11 exhibits exhibit VERB bracis-33647 165 12 a a DET bracis-33647 165 13 robust robust ADJ bracis-33647 165 14 ability ability NOUN bracis-33647 165 15 to to PART bracis-33647 165 16 accurately accurately ADV bracis-33647 165 17 identify identify VERB bracis-33647 165 18 non non ADJ bracis-33647 165 19 - - ADJ bracis-33647 165 20 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 165 21 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 165 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 165 23 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 165 24 indicated indicate VERB bracis-33647 165 25 by by ADP bracis-33647 165 26 the the DET bracis-33647 165 27 high high ADJ bracis-33647 165 28 number number NOUN bracis-33647 165 29 of of ADP bracis-33647 165 30 true true ADJ bracis-33647 165 31 negatives negative NOUN bracis-33647 165 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 166 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-33647 166 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 166 3 the the DET bracis-33647 166 4 model model NOUN bracis-33647 166 5 demonstrates demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 166 6 a a DET bracis-33647 166 7 moderate moderate ADJ bracis-33647 166 8 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33647 166 9 to to PART bracis-33647 166 10 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 166 11 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 166 12 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 166 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 166 14 with with ADP bracis-33647 166 15 778 778 NUM bracis-33647 166 16 true true ADJ bracis-33647 166 17 positives positive NOUN bracis-33647 166 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 167 1 however however ADV bracis-33647 167 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 167 3 the the DET bracis-33647 167 4 results result NOUN bracis-33647 167 5 also also ADV bracis-33647 167 6 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33647 167 7 notable notable ADJ bracis-33647 167 8 misclassifications misclassification NOUN bracis-33647 167 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 167 10 with with ADP bracis-33647 167 11 301 301 NUM bracis-33647 167 12 false false ADJ bracis-33647 167 13 positives positive NOUN bracis-33647 167 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 167 15 194 194 NUM bracis-33647 167 16 false false ADJ bracis-33647 167 17 negatives negative NOUN bracis-33647 167 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 167 19 suggesting suggest VERB bracis-33647 167 20 room room NOUN bracis-33647 167 21 for for ADP bracis-33647 167 22 improvement improvement NOUN bracis-33647 167 23 in in ADP bracis-33647 167 24 reducing reduce VERB bracis-33647 167 25 misclassification misclassification NOUN bracis-33647 167 26 rates rate NOUN bracis-33647 167 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 168 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 168 2 summary summary NOUN bracis-33647 168 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 168 4 the the DET bracis-33647 168 5 model model NOUN bracis-33647 168 6 has have VERB bracis-33647 168 7 an an DET bracis-33647 168 8 overall overall ADJ bracis-33647 168 9 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 168 10 of of ADP bracis-33647 168 11 76.43 76.43 NUM bracis-33647 168 12 % % NOUN bracis-33647 168 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 168 14 with with ADP bracis-33647 168 15 a a DET bracis-33647 168 16 good good ADJ bracis-33647 168 17 balance balance NOUN bracis-33647 168 18 between between ADP bracis-33647 168 19 precision precision NOUN bracis-33647 168 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 168 21 72.08 72.08 NUM bracis-33647 168 22 % % NOUN bracis-33647 168 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 168 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 168 25 recall recall NOUN bracis-33647 168 26 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 168 27 80.08 80.08 NUM bracis-33647 168 28 % % NOUN bracis-33647 168 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 168 30 for for ADP bracis-33647 168 31 the the DET bracis-33647 168 32 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 168 33 class class NOUN bracis-33647 168 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 169 1 our our PRON bracis-33647 169 2 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 169 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 169 4 based base VERB bracis-33647 169 5 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 169 6 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 169 7 is be AUX bracis-33647 169 8 available available ADJ bracis-33647 169 9 at at ADP bracis-33647 169 10 https://github.com/ghivvagodamas/tabular-transformer-toxic2024 https://github.com/ghivvagodamas/tabular-transformer-toxic2024 VERB bracis-33647 169 11 . . PROPN bracis-33647 169 12 5 5 NUM bracis-33647 169 13 conclusion conclusion NOUN bracis-33647 169 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 169 15     SPACE bracis-33647 169 16 future future ADJ bracis-33647 169 17 work work NOUN bracis-33647 169 18 as as SCONJ bracis-33647 169 19 previously previously ADV bracis-33647 169 20 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 169 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 169 22 we we PRON bracis-33647 169 23 have have AUX bracis-33647 169 24 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 169 25 a a DET bracis-33647 169 26 novel novel ADJ bracis-33647 169 27 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 169 28 for for ADP bracis-33647 169 29 binary binary ADJ bracis-33647 169 30 text text NOUN bracis-33647 169 31 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 169 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 169 33 which which PRON bracis-33647 169 34 is be AUX bracis-33647 169 35 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33647 169 36 tailored tailor VERB bracis-33647 169 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 169 38 trained train VERB bracis-33647 169 39 for for ADP bracis-33647 169 40 structured structured ADJ bracis-33647 169 41 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 169 42 in in ADP bracis-33647 169 43 tabular tabular PROPN bracis-33647 169 44 format format NOUN bracis-33647 169 45 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 170 1 this this DET bracis-33647 170 2 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 170 3 produced produce VERB bracis-33647 170 4 compelling compelling ADJ bracis-33647 170 5 results result NOUN bracis-33647 170 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 170 7 successfully successfully ADV bracis-33647 170 8 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 170 9 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 170 10 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 170 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 170 12 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 170 13 without without ADP bracis-33647 170 14 complex complex ADJ bracis-33647 170 15 fine fine ADJ bracis-33647 170 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 170 17 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33647 170 18 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 170 19 transfer transfer VERB bracis-33647 170 20 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 170 21 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 170 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 171 1 it it PRON bracis-33647 171 2 yields yield VERB bracis-33647 171 3 an an DET bracis-33647 171 4 intriguing intriguing ADJ bracis-33647 171 5 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33647 171 6 rate rate NOUN bracis-33647 171 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 171 8 76 76 NUM bracis-33647 171 9 % % NOUN bracis-33647 171 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 171 11 an an DET bracis-33647 171 12 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33647 171 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 171 14 score score NOUN bracis-33647 171 15 of of ADP bracis-33647 171 16 75 75 NUM bracis-33647 171 17 % % NOUN bracis-33647 171 18 on on ADP bracis-33647 171 19 the the DET bracis-33647 171 20 test test NOUN bracis-33647 171 21 set set VERB bracis-33647 171 22 using use VERB bracis-33647 171 23 the the DET bracis-33647 171 24 openai openai NOUN bracis-33647 171 25 text text NOUN bracis-33647 171 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 171 27 embedding-3 embedding-3 NUM bracis-33647 171 28 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 171 29 large large ADJ bracis-33647 171 30 model model NOUN bracis-33647 171 31 as as ADP bracis-33647 171 32 the the DET bracis-33647 171 33 text text NOUN bracis-33647 171 34 embedder embedder NOUN bracis-33647 171 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 172 1 before before ADP bracis-33647 172 2 the the DET bracis-33647 172 3 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33647 172 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 172 5 told tell VERB bracis-33647 172 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 172 7 br br NOUN bracis-33647 172 8 underwent underwent NOUN bracis-33647 172 9 an an DET bracis-33647 172 10 additional additional ADJ bracis-33647 172 11 review review NOUN bracis-33647 172 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 172 13 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 172 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 172 15 highlighting highlight VERB bracis-33647 172 16 concerns concern NOUN bracis-33647 172 17 about about ADP bracis-33647 172 18 its its PRON bracis-33647 172 19 validity validity NOUN bracis-33647 172 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 172 21 reliability reliability NOUN bracis-33647 172 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 173 1 issues issue NOUN bracis-33647 173 2 were be AUX bracis-33647 173 3 identified identify VERB bracis-33647 173 4 with with ADP bracis-33647 173 5 the the DET bracis-33647 173 6 imbalance imbalance NOUN bracis-33647 173 7 ratio ratio NOUN bracis-33647 173 8 in in ADP bracis-33647 173 9 annotator annotator NOUN bracis-33647 173 10 agreement agreement NOUN bracis-33647 173 11 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33647 173 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 173 13 possibly possibly ADV bracis-33647 173 14 due due ADJ bracis-33647 173 15 to to PART bracis-33647 173 16 bias bias VERB bracis-33647 173 17 in in ADP bracis-33647 173 18 the the DET bracis-33647 173 19 annotation annotation NOUN bracis-33647 173 20 process process NOUN bracis-33647 173 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 173 22 term term NOUN bracis-33647 173 23 resignification resignification NOUN bracis-33647 173 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 173 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 173 26 the the DET bracis-33647 173 27 stylistic stylistic ADJ bracis-33647 173 28 use use NOUN bracis-33647 173 29 of of ADP bracis-33647 173 30 slurs slur NOUN bracis-33647 173 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 174 1 tabular tabular VERB bracis-33647 174 2 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 174 3 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 174 4 models model NOUN bracis-33647 174 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 174 6 like like ADP bracis-33647 174 7 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 174 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 174 9 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 174 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 174 11 excel excel VERB bracis-33647 174 12 in in ADP bracis-33647 174 13 multimodal multimodal NOUN bracis-33647 174 14 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 174 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 174 16 structured structured ADJ bracis-33647 174 17 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ bracis-33647 174 18 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 174 19 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 174 20 with with ADP bracis-33647 174 21 minimal minimal ADJ bracis-33647 174 22 adjustments adjustment NOUN bracis-33647 174 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 175 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33647 175 2 the the DET bracis-33647 175 3 use use NOUN bracis-33647 175 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 175 5 a a DET bracis-33647 175 6 gpu gpu NOUN bracis-33647 175 7 is be AUX bracis-33647 175 8 important important ADJ bracis-33647 175 9 for for ADP bracis-33647 175 10 this this DET bracis-33647 175 11 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 175 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 175 13 implementations implementation NOUN bracis-33647 175 14 of of ADP bracis-33647 175 15 other other ADJ bracis-33647 175 16 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 175 17 models model NOUN bracis-33647 175 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 175 19 no no DET bracis-33647 175 20 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-33647 175 21 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 175 22 resources resource NOUN bracis-33647 175 23 are be AUX bracis-33647 175 24 required require VERB bracis-33647 175 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 176 1 this this DET bracis-33647 176 2 study study NOUN bracis-33647 176 3 emphasizes emphasize VERB bracis-33647 176 4 the the DET bracis-33647 176 5 importance importance NOUN bracis-33647 176 6 of of ADP bracis-33647 176 7 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 176 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 176 9 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 176 10 models model NOUN bracis-33647 176 11 in in ADP bracis-33647 176 12 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 176 13 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 176 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 176 15 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 176 16 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 176 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 177 1 since since SCONJ bracis-33647 177 2 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 177 3 embedding embedding NOUN bracis-33647 177 4 models model NOUN bracis-33647 177 5 have have AUX bracis-33647 177 6 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33647 177 7 enhanced enhanced ADJ bracis-33647 177 8 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 177 9 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33647 177 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 177 11 improved improve VERB bracis-33647 177 12 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33647 177 13 in in ADP bracis-33647 177 14 different different ADJ bracis-33647 177 15 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33647 177 16 applications application NOUN bracis-33647 177 17 [ [ X bracis-33647 177 18 20 20 NUM bracis-33647 177 19 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 177 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 177 21 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-33647 177 22 those those PRON bracis-33647 177 23 in in ADP bracis-33647 177 24 the the DET bracis-33647 177 25 proposed propose VERB bracis-33647 177 26 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 177 27 is be AUX bracis-33647 177 28 not not PART bracis-33647 177 29 only only ADV bracis-33647 177 30 adequate adequate ADJ bracis-33647 177 31 but but CCONJ bracis-33647 177 32 also also ADV bracis-33647 177 33 the the DET bracis-33647 177 34 most most ADV bracis-33647 177 35 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 177 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 177 37 assertive assertive ADJ bracis-33647 177 38 choice choice NOUN bracis-33647 177 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 178 1 for for ADP bracis-33647 178 2 future future ADJ bracis-33647 178 3 work work NOUN bracis-33647 178 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 178 5 we we PRON bracis-33647 178 6 intend intend VERB bracis-33647 178 7 to to PART bracis-33647 178 8 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33647 178 9 more more ADJ bracis-33647 178 10 about about ADP bracis-33647 178 11 modern modern ADJ bracis-33647 178 12 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 178 13 models model NOUN bracis-33647 178 14 like like ADP bracis-33647 178 15 bge bge PROPN bracis-33647 178 16 m3 m3 PROPN bracis-33647 178 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 178 18 flagembeddings flagembedding NOUN bracis-33647 178 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 179 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 179 2 7 7 NUM bracis-33647 179 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 179 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 179 5 sbert sbert NOUN bracis-33647 179 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 179 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 179 8 how how SCONJ bracis-33647 179 9 to to PART bracis-33647 179 10 convert convert VERB bracis-33647 179 11 state state NOUN bracis-33647 179 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 179 13 of of ADP bracis-33647 179 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 179 15 the the DET bracis-33647 179 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 179 17 art art NOUN bracis-33647 179 18 llms llm NOUN bracis-33647 179 19 like like ADP bracis-33647 179 20 sabiá sabiá NOUN bracis-33647 179 21 [ [ X bracis-33647 179 22 26 26 NUM bracis-33647 179 23 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 179 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 179 25 aya aya PROPN bracis-33647 180 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 180 2 36 36 NUM bracis-33647 180 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 180 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 180 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 180 6 other other ADJ bracis-33647 180 7 generative generative ADJ bracis-33647 180 8 models model NOUN bracis-33647 180 9 into into ADP bracis-33647 180 10 powerful powerful ADJ bracis-33647 180 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 180 12 robust robust ADJ bracis-33647 180 13 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 180 14 models model NOUN bracis-33647 180 15 with with ADP bracis-33647 180 16 refined refined ADJ bracis-33647 180 17 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 180 18 space space NOUN bracis-33647 180 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 180 20 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 180 21 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33647 180 22 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33647 180 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 181 1 our our PRON bracis-33647 181 2 intentions intention NOUN bracis-33647 181 3 include include VERB bracis-33647 181 4 adapting adapt VERB bracis-33647 181 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 181 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 181 7 developing develop VERB bracis-33647 181 8 other other ADJ bracis-33647 181 9 tdl tdl PROPN bracis-33647 181 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 181 11 based base VERB bracis-33647 181 12 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 181 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 181 14 broadening broaden VERB bracis-33647 181 15 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33647 181 16 applicability applicability NOUN bracis-33647 181 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 181 18 investigating investigate VERB bracis-33647 181 19 bias bias NOUN bracis-33647 181 20 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 181 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 181 22 mitigation mitigation NOUN bracis-33647 181 23 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 181 24 similar similar ADJ bracis-33647 181 25 to to ADP bracis-33647 181 26 the the DET bracis-33647 181 27 study study NOUN bracis-33647 181 28 of of ADP bracis-33647 181 29 nascimento nascimento PROPN bracis-33647 181 30 et et PROPN bracis-33647 181 31 al al PROPN bracis-33647 181 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 182 1 [ [ X bracis-33647 182 2 21 21 NUM bracis-33647 182 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33647 182 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 182 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 182 6 model model NOUN bracis-33647 182 7 performance performance NOUN bracis-33647 182 8 enhancement enhancement NOUN bracis-33647 182 9 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33647 182 10 such such ADJ bracis-33647 182 11 as as ADP bracis-33647 182 12 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-33647 182 13 additional additional ADJ bracis-33647 182 14 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33647 182 15 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 182 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 182 17 contrastive contrastive ADJ bracis-33647 182 18 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 182 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 182 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 182 21 retrieval retrieval NOUN bracis-33647 182 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 182 23 augmented augment VERB bracis-33647 182 24 generation generation NOUN bracis-33647 182 25 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 182 26 rag rag NOUN bracis-33647 182 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 182 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 183 1 notes note VERB bracis-33647 183 2 1.https://huggingface.co/rufimelo/bert-large-portuguese-cased-sts 1.https://huggingface.co/rufimelo/bert-large-portuguese-cased-sts PROPN bracis-33647 183 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 184 1 references reference NOUN bracis-33647 184 2 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33647 184 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 4 t.g t.g PROPN bracis-33647 184 5 . . PROPN bracis-33647 184 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 7 souza souza PROPN bracis-33647 184 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 9 b.à b.à PROPN bracis-33647 184 10 . . PROPN bracis-33647 184 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 12 nakamura nakamura PROPN bracis-33647 184 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 14 f.g f.g PROPN bracis-33647 184 15 . . PROPN bracis-33647 184 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 17 nakamura nakamura PROPN bracis-33647 184 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 19 e.f e.f PROPN bracis-33647 184 20 . . PROPN bracis-33647 184 21 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 184 22 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 184 23 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 184 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 25 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 184 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 184 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 184 28 regular regular ADJ bracis-33647 184 29 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 184 30 in in ADP bracis-33647 184 31 short short ADJ bracis-33647 184 32 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 184 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 185 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 185 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 185 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 185 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 185 5 the the DET bracis-33647 185 6 23rd 23rd ADJ bracis-33647 185 7 brazillian brazillian ADJ bracis-33647 185 8 symposium symposium NOUN bracis-33647 185 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 185 10 multimedia multimedia NOUN bracis-33647 185 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 185 12 the the DET bracis-33647 185 13 web web NOUN bracis-33647 185 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 185 15 2017 2017 NUM bracis-33647 185 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 185 17 google google NOUN bracis-33647 185 18 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 185 19     SPACE bracis-33647 185 20 assis assis NOUN bracis-33647 185 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 22 g. g. PROPN bracis-33647 185 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 24 amorim amorim PROPN bracis-33647 185 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 26 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 185 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 28 carvalho carvalho PROPN bracis-33647 185 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 30 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 185 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 32 de de PROPN bracis-33647 185 33     SPACE bracis-33647 185 34 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33647 185 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 36 d. d. PROPN bracis-33647 185 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 38 vianna vianna PROPN bracis-33647 185 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 40 d. d. PROPN bracis-33647 185 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 42 paes paes PROPN bracis-33647 185 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 185 44 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 185 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 185 46 exploring explore VERB bracis-33647 185 47 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 185 48 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 185 49 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 185 50 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 185 51 in in ADP bracis-33647 185 52 low low ADJ bracis-33647 185 53 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 185 54 resource resource NOUN bracis-33647 185 55 settings setting NOUN bracis-33647 185 56 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 185 57 lightly lightly ADV bracis-33647 185 58 tuning tune VERB bracis-33647 185 59 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33647 185 60 models model NOUN bracis-33647 185 61 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 185 62 in in ADP bracis-33647 185 63 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 185 64 context context NOUN bracis-33647 185 65 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 185 66 of of ADP bracis-33647 185 67 large large ADJ bracis-33647 185 68 models model NOUN bracis-33647 185 69 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33647 186 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 186 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 186 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 186 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 186 5 the the DET bracis-33647 186 6 16th 16th ADJ bracis-33647 186 7 international international ADJ bracis-33647 186 8 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 186 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 186 10 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 186 11 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 186 12 of of ADP bracis-33647 186 13 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 186 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 186 15 acl acl PROPN bracis-33647 186 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 186 17 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 186 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 186 19 google google NOUN bracis-33647 186 20 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 186 21     SPACE bracis-33647 186 22 bertaglia bertaglia NOUN bracis-33647 186 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 186 24 t.f.c t.f.c PROPN bracis-33647 186 25 . . PROPN bracis-33647 186 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 186 27 nunes nunes PROPN bracis-33647 186 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 186 29 m.d.g.v m.d.g.v PROPN bracis-33647 186 30 . . PROPN bracis-33647 186 31 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 186 32 exploring explore VERB bracis-33647 186 33 word word NOUN bracis-33647 186 34 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 186 35 for for ADP bracis-33647 186 36 unsupervised unsupervised ADJ bracis-33647 186 37 textual textual ADJ bracis-33647 186 38 user user NOUN bracis-33647 186 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 186 40 generated generate VERB bracis-33647 186 41 content content NOUN bracis-33647 186 42 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-33647 186 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 187 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 187 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 187 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 187 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 187 5 the the DET bracis-33647 187 6 2nd 2nd ADJ bracis-33647 187 7 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33647 187 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 187 9 noisy noisy ADJ bracis-33647 187 10 user user NOUN bracis-33647 187 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 187 12 generated generate VERB bracis-33647 187 13 text text NOUN bracis-33647 187 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 187 15 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33647 187 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 187 17 google google PROPN bracis-33647 187 18 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 187 19     SPACE bracis-33647 187 20 bispo bispo NOUN bracis-33647 187 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 187 22 t.d t.d PROPN bracis-33647 187 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 187 24 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 188 1 arquitetura arquitetura PROPN bracis-33647 188 2 lstm lstm PROPN bracis-33647 188 3 para para VERB bracis-33647 188 4 classificação classificação PROPN bracis-33647 188 5 de de X bracis-33647 188 6 discursos discursos X bracis-33647 188 7 de de X bracis-33647 188 8 ódio ódio ADJ bracis-33647 188 9 cross cross NOUN bracis-33647 188 10 - - ADJ bracis-33647 188 11 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 188 12 inglês inglês NOUN bracis-33647 188 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 188 14 ptbr ptbr NOUN bracis-33647 188 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 189 1 master master NOUN bracis-33647 189 2 ’s ’s PART bracis-33647 189 3 thesis thesis NOUN bracis-33647 189 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 189 5 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-33647 189 6 federal federal PROPN bracis-33647 189 7 do do VERB bracis-33647 189 8 sergipe sergipe NOUN bracis-33647 189 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 189 10 2018 2018 NUM bracis-33647 189 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 189 12 google google PROPN bracis-33647 189 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 189 14     SPACE bracis-33647 189 15 brown brown NOUN bracis-33647 189 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 189 17 t. t. PROPN bracis-33647 189 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 189 19 et et PROPN bracis-33647 189 20     SPACE bracis-33647 189 21 al al PROPN bracis-33647 189 22 . . PROPN bracis-33647 189 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 190 1 language language NOUN bracis-33647 190 2 models model NOUN bracis-33647 190 3 are be AUX bracis-33647 190 4 few few ADJ bracis-33647 190 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 190 6 shot shot NOUN bracis-33647 190 7 learners learner NOUN bracis-33647 190 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 191 1 adv adv PROPN bracis-33647 191 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 191 3 neural neural PROPN bracis-33647 191 4 inf inf PROPN bracis-33647 191 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 191 6 process process NOUN bracis-33647 191 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 192 1 syst syst PROPN bracis-33647 192 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 193 1 33 33 NUM bracis-33647 193 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 193 3 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33647 193 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 193 5 google google PROPN bracis-33647 193 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 193 7     SPACE bracis-33647 193 8 burnap burnap NOUN bracis-33647 193 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 193 10 p. p. PROPN bracis-33647 193 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 193 12 williams williams PROPN bracis-33647 193 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 193 14 m.l m.l PROPN bracis-33647 193 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 193 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 194 1 us we PRON bracis-33647 194 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 194 3 them they PRON bracis-33647 194 4 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 194 5 identifying identify VERB bracis-33647 194 6 cyber cyber NOUN bracis-33647 194 7 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 194 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 194 9 twitter twitter NOUN bracis-33647 194 10 across across ADP bracis-33647 194 11 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33647 194 12 protected protect VERB bracis-33647 194 13 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-33647 194 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 195 1 epj epj NOUN bracis-33647 195 2 data data PROPN bracis-33647 195 3 sci sci PROPN bracis-33647 195 4 . . PROPN bracis-33647 195 5 5 5 NUM bracis-33647 195 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 195 7 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33647 195 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 195 9 google google PROPN bracis-33647 195 10 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 195 11     SPACE bracis-33647 195 12 chen chen PROPN bracis-33647 195 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 14 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 195 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 16 xiao xiao PROPN bracis-33647 195 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 18 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 195 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 20 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33647 195 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 22 p. p. PROPN bracis-33647 195 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 24 luo luo PROPN bracis-33647 195 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 26 k. k. PROPN bracis-33647 195 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 28 lian lian PROPN bracis-33647 195 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 30 d. d. PROPN bracis-33647 195 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 32 liu liu PROPN bracis-33647 195 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 34 z. z. PROPN bracis-33647 195 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 195 36 bge bge PROPN bracis-33647 195 37 m3 m3 PROPN bracis-33647 195 38 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 195 39 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 195 40 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 195 41 multi multi ADJ bracis-33647 195 42 - - ADJ bracis-33647 195 43 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 195 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 45 multi multi ADJ bracis-33647 195 46 - - ADJ bracis-33647 195 47 functionality functionality ADJ bracis-33647 195 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 49 multi multi ADJ bracis-33647 195 50 - - ADJ bracis-33647 195 51 granularity granularity NOUN bracis-33647 195 52 text text NOUN bracis-33647 195 53 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 195 54 through through ADP bracis-33647 195 55 self self NOUN bracis-33647 195 56 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 195 57 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33647 195 58 distillation distillation NOUN bracis-33647 195 59 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 195 60 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 195 61 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 195 62 google google NOUN bracis-33647 195 63 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 195 64     SPACE bracis-33647 195 65 chen chen PROPN bracis-33647 195 66 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 67 y. y. PROPN bracis-33647 195 68 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 69 zhou zhou PROPN bracis-33647 195 70 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 71 y. y. PROPN bracis-33647 195 72 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 73 zhu zhu PROPN bracis-33647 195 74 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 75 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 195 76 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 77 xu xu PROPN bracis-33647 195 78 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 195 79 h. h. PROPN bracis-33647 195 80 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 195 81 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 195 82 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 195 83 language language NOUN bracis-33647 195 84 in in ADP bracis-33647 195 85 social social ADJ bracis-33647 195 86 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 195 87 to to PART bracis-33647 195 88 protect protect VERB bracis-33647 195 89 adolescent adolescent ADJ bracis-33647 195 90 online online ADJ bracis-33647 195 91 safety safety NOUN bracis-33647 195 92 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 196 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 196 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 196 3 2012 2012 NUM bracis-33647 196 4 international international ADJ bracis-33647 196 5 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 196 6 on on ADP bracis-33647 196 7 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33647 196 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 196 9 security security NOUN bracis-33647 196 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 196 11 risk risk NOUN bracis-33647 196 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 196 13 trust trust NOUN bracis-33647 196 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 196 15 2012 2012 NUM bracis-33647 196 16 international international ADJ bracis-33647 196 17 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 196 18 on on ADP bracis-33647 196 19 social social ADJ bracis-33647 196 20 computing computing NOUN bracis-33647 196 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 197 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-33647 197 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 3 amsterdam amsterdam PROPN bracis-33647 197 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 197 5 2012 2012 NUM bracis-33647 197 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 197 7 google google PROPN bracis-33647 197 8 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 197 9     SPACE bracis-33647 197 10 chopra chopra PROPN bracis-33647 197 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 12 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 197 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 14 sharma sharma PROPN bracis-33647 197 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 16 d.k d.k PROPN bracis-33647 197 17 . . PROPN bracis-33647 197 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 19 jha jha PROPN bracis-33647 197 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 21 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 197 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 23 ghosh ghosh PROPN bracis-33647 197 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 197 25 u. u. PROPN bracis-33647 197 26 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 197 27 a a DET bracis-33647 197 28 framework framework NOUN bracis-33647 197 29 for for ADP bracis-33647 197 30 online online ADJ bracis-33647 197 31 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 197 32 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 197 33 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 197 34 on on ADP bracis-33647 197 35 code code NOUN bracis-33647 197 36 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 197 37 mixed mix VERB bracis-33647 197 38 hindi hindi ADJ bracis-33647 197 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 197 40 english english ADJ bracis-33647 197 41 text text NOUN bracis-33647 197 42 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 197 43 hindi hindi NOUN bracis-33647 197 44 text text NOUN bracis-33647 197 45 in in ADP bracis-33647 197 46 devanagari devanagari PROPN bracis-33647 197 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 198 1 acm acm PROPN bracis-33647 198 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-33647 198 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 199 1 asian asian ADJ bracis-33647 199 2 low low ADJ bracis-33647 199 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 199 4 resource resource NOUN bracis-33647 199 5 lang lang PROPN bracis-33647 199 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 199 7 inf inf PROPN bracis-33647 199 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 199 9 process process NOUN bracis-33647 199 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 200 1 22(5 22(5 NOUN bracis-33647 200 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 200 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 200 4 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 200 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 200 6 google google NOUN bracis-33647 200 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 200 8     SPACE bracis-33647 200 9 de de PROPN bracis-33647 200 10     SPACE bracis-33647 200 11 pelle pelle X bracis-33647 200 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 200 13 r.p r.p PROPN bracis-33647 200 14 . . PROPN bracis-33647 200 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 200 16 moreira moreira PROPN bracis-33647 200 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 200 18 v.p v.p PROPN bracis-33647 200 19 . . PROPN bracis-33647 200 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 201 1 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 201 2 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 201 3 in in ADP bracis-33647 201 4 the the DET bracis-33647 201 5 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 201 6 web web NOUN bracis-33647 201 7 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 201 8 a a DET bracis-33647 201 9 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33647 201 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 201 11 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33647 201 12 results result NOUN bracis-33647 201 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 202 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 202 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 202 3 anais anais PROPN bracis-33647 202 4 do do AUX bracis-33647 202 5 vi vi PROPN bracis-33647 202 6 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 202 7 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33647 202 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 202 9 social social ADJ bracis-33647 202 10 network network NOUN bracis-33647 202 11 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 202 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 202 13 mining mining NOUN bracis-33647 202 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 15 sbc sbc NOUN bracis-33647 202 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 202 17 2017 2017 NUM bracis-33647 202 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 202 19 google google PROPN bracis-33647 202 20 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 202 21     SPACE bracis-33647 202 22 fortuna fortuna PROPN bracis-33647 202 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 24 p. p. PROPN bracis-33647 202 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 26 rocha rocha PROPN bracis-33647 202 27     SPACE bracis-33647 202 28 da da PROPN bracis-33647 202 29 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 202 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 31 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 202 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 33 soler soler NOUN bracis-33647 202 34 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 202 35 company company NOUN bracis-33647 202 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 37 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 202 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 39 wanner wanner NOUN bracis-33647 202 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 41 l. l. PROPN bracis-33647 202 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 43 nunes nunes PROPN bracis-33647 202 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 202 45 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 202 46 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 202 47 a a DET bracis-33647 202 48 hierarchically hierarchically ADV bracis-33647 202 49 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 202 50 labeled label VERB bracis-33647 202 51 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 202 52 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 202 53 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 202 54 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 202 55 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 203 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 203 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 203 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 203 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 203 5 the the DET bracis-33647 203 6 third third ADJ bracis-33647 203 7 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33647 203 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 203 9 abusive abusive ADJ bracis-33647 203 10 language language NOUN bracis-33647 203 11 online online NOUN bracis-33647 203 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 13 acl acl PROPN bracis-33647 203 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 203 15 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33647 203 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 203 17 google google PROPN bracis-33647 203 18 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 203 19     SPACE bracis-33647 203 20 fortuna fortuna PROPN bracis-33647 203 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 22 p. p. NOUN bracis-33647 203 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 24 soler soler NOUN bracis-33647 203 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 203 26 company company NOUN bracis-33647 203 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 28 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 203 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 30 wanner wanner NOUN bracis-33647 203 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 32 l. l. PROPN bracis-33647 203 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 203 34 how how SCONJ bracis-33647 203 35 well well ADV bracis-33647 203 36 do do AUX bracis-33647 203 37 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 203 38 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 203 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 40 toxicity toxicity NOUN bracis-33647 203 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 203 42 abusive abusive ADJ bracis-33647 203 43 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 203 44 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 203 45 language language NOUN bracis-33647 203 46 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 203 47 models model NOUN bracis-33647 203 48 generalize generalize VERB bracis-33647 203 49 across across ADP bracis-33647 203 50 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33647 203 51 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33647 203 52 inf inf PROPN bracis-33647 203 53 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 203 54 process process NOUN bracis-33647 203 55 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 204 1 manag manag PROPN bracis-33647 204 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 205 1 58(3 58(3 NUM bracis-33647 205 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 205 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 205 4 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 205 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 205 6 google google NOUN bracis-33647 205 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 205 8     SPACE bracis-33647 205 9 gorishniy gorishniy NOUN bracis-33647 205 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 11 y. y. PROPN bracis-33647 205 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 13 rubachev rubachev PROPN bracis-33647 205 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 15 i. i. NOUN bracis-33647 205 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 17 khrulkov khrulkov PROPN bracis-33647 205 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 19 v. v. ADV bracis-33647 205 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 21 babenko babenko PROPN bracis-33647 205 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 205 23 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 205 24 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 205 25 revisiting revisit VERB bracis-33647 205 26 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 205 27 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 205 28 models model NOUN bracis-33647 205 29 for for ADP bracis-33647 205 30 tabular tabular PROPN bracis-33647 205 31 data datum NOUN bracis-33647 205 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 206 1 adv adv PROPN bracis-33647 206 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 206 3 neural neural PROPN bracis-33647 206 4 inf inf PROPN bracis-33647 206 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 206 6 process process NOUN bracis-33647 206 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 207 1 syst syst PROPN bracis-33647 207 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 208 1 34 34 NUM bracis-33647 208 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 208 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 208 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 208 5 google google NOUN bracis-33647 208 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 208 7     SPACE bracis-33647 208 8 he he PRON bracis-33647 208 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 10 p. p. PROPN bracis-33647 208 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 12 liu liu PROPN bracis-33647 208 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 14 x. x. PROPN bracis-33647 208 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 16 gao gao PROPN bracis-33647 208 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 18 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 208 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 20 chen chen PROPN bracis-33647 208 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 208 22 w. w. PROPN bracis-33647 208 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 208 24 deberta deberta NOUN bracis-33647 208 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 208 26 decoding decode VERB bracis-33647 208 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 208 28 enhanced enhance VERB bracis-33647 208 29 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 208 30 with with ADP bracis-33647 208 31 disentangled disentangled ADJ bracis-33647 208 32 attention attention NOUN bracis-33647 208 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 209 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 209 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 209 3 international international ADJ bracis-33647 209 4 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 209 5 on on ADP bracis-33647 209 6 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 209 7 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 209 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 209 9 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 209 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 209 11 google google PROPN bracis-33647 209 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 209 13     SPACE bracis-33647 209 14 hu hu PROPN bracis-33647 209 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 209 16 w. w. PROPN bracis-33647 209 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 209 18 et et PROPN bracis-33647 209 19 al al PROPN bracis-33647 209 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 209 21 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 209 22 pytorch pytorch NOUN bracis-33647 209 23 frame frame NOUN bracis-33647 209 24 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 209 25 a a DET bracis-33647 209 26 modular modular ADJ bracis-33647 209 27 framework framework NOUN bracis-33647 209 28 for for ADP bracis-33647 209 29 multi multi ADJ bracis-33647 209 30 - - ADJ bracis-33647 209 31 modal modal ADJ bracis-33647 209 32 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 209 33 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 209 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 210 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 210 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-33647 210 3 arxiv:2404.00776 arxiv:2404.00776 ADJ bracis-33647 210 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 210 5 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 210 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 210 7 khanuja khanuja PROPN bracis-33647 210 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 210 9 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 210 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 210 11 et et PROPN bracis-33647 210 12 al al PROPN bracis-33647 210 13 . . PROPN bracis-33647 210 14 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 210 15 muril muril NOUN bracis-33647 210 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 210 17 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 210 18 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 210 19 for for ADP bracis-33647 210 20 indian indian ADJ bracis-33647 210 21 languages language NOUN bracis-33647 210 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 211 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 211 2 preprint preprint NOUN bracis-33647 211 3 arxiv:2103.10730 arxiv:2103.10730 X bracis-33647 211 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 211 5 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 211 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 211 7 leite leite PROPN bracis-33647 211 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 9 j.a j.a PROPN bracis-33647 211 10 . . PROPN bracis-33647 211 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 12 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 211 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 14 d. d. PROPN bracis-33647 211 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 16 bontcheva bontcheva PROPN bracis-33647 211 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 18 k. k. PROPN bracis-33647 211 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 20 scarton scarton PROPN bracis-33647 211 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 211 22 c. c. NOUN bracis-33647 211 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 211 24 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 211 25 language language NOUN bracis-33647 211 26 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 211 27 in in ADP bracis-33647 211 28 social social ADJ bracis-33647 211 29 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 211 30 for for ADP bracis-33647 211 31 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 211 32 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33647 211 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 211 34 new new ADJ bracis-33647 211 35 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33647 211 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 211 37 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 211 38 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 211 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 212 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 212 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 212 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 212 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 212 5 the the DET bracis-33647 212 6 1st 1st ADJ bracis-33647 212 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 212 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 212 9 the the DET bracis-33647 212 10 asia asia PROPN bracis-33647 212 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 212 12 pacific pacific PROPN bracis-33647 212 13 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33647 212 14 of of ADP bracis-33647 212 15 the the DET bracis-33647 212 16 association association NOUN bracis-33647 212 17 for for ADP bracis-33647 212 18 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 212 19 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 212 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 212 21 the the DET bracis-33647 212 22 10th 10th ADJ bracis-33647 212 23 international international ADJ bracis-33647 212 24 joint joint ADJ bracis-33647 212 25 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 212 26 on on ADP bracis-33647 212 27 natural natural ADJ bracis-33647 212 28 language language NOUN bracis-33647 212 29 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 212 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 212 31 acl acl PROPN bracis-33647 212 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 212 33 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33647 212 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 212 35 google google NOUN bracis-33647 212 36 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 212 37     SPACE bracis-33647 212 38 malmasi malmasi NOUN bracis-33647 212 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 212 40 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 212 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 212 42 zampieri zampieri PROPN bracis-33647 212 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 212 44 m. m. NOUN bracis-33647 212 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 212 46 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33647 212 47 in in ADP bracis-33647 212 48 discriminating discriminate VERB bracis-33647 212 49 profanity profanity NOUN bracis-33647 212 50 from from ADP bracis-33647 212 51 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 212 52 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 212 53 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 213 1 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 213 2 exp exp PROPN bracis-33647 213 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 214 1 theor theor PROPN bracis-33647 214 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 215 1 artif artif PROPN bracis-33647 215 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 216 1 intell intell PROPN bracis-33647 216 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 217 1 30(2 30(2 NUM bracis-33647 217 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 217 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 217 4 2018 2018 NUM bracis-33647 217 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 217 6 google google PROPN bracis-33647 217 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 217 8     SPACE bracis-33647 217 9 mandal mandal NOUN bracis-33647 217 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 11 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 217 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 13 roy roy PROPN bracis-33647 217 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 15 g. g. PROPN bracis-33647 217 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 17 barman barman PROPN bracis-33647 217 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 19 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 217 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 21 dutta dutta PROPN bracis-33647 217 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 23 i. i. NOUN bracis-33647 217 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 25 naskar naskar PROPN bracis-33647 217 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 217 27 s.k s.k PROPN bracis-33647 217 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 217 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 218 1 attentive attentive ADJ bracis-33647 218 2 fusion fusion NOUN bracis-33647 218 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 218 4 a a DET bracis-33647 218 5 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 218 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 218 7 based base VERB bracis-33647 218 8 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 218 9 to to ADP bracis-33647 218 10 multimodal multimodal NOUN bracis-33647 218 11 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 218 12 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 218 13 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 218 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 219 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 219 2 preprint preprint NOUN bracis-33647 219 3 arxiv:2401.10653 arxiv:2401.10653 PROPN bracis-33647 219 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 219 5 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 219 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 219 7 muennighoff muennighoff NOUN bracis-33647 219 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 9 n. n. NOUN bracis-33647 219 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 11 tazi tazi NOUN bracis-33647 219 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 13 n. n. NOUN bracis-33647 219 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 15 magne magne PROPN bracis-33647 219 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 17 l. l. PROPN bracis-33647 219 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 19 reimers reimer NOUN bracis-33647 219 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 219 21 n. n. NOUN bracis-33647 219 22 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 219 23 mteb mteb NOUN bracis-33647 219 24 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 219 25 massive massive ADJ bracis-33647 219 26 text text NOUN bracis-33647 219 27 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 219 28 benchmark benchmark NOUN bracis-33647 219 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 220 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 220 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 220 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 220 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 220 5 the the DET bracis-33647 220 6 17th 17th ADJ bracis-33647 220 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 220 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 220 9 the the DET bracis-33647 220 10 european european ADJ bracis-33647 220 11 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33647 220 12 of of ADP bracis-33647 220 13 the the DET bracis-33647 220 14 association association NOUN bracis-33647 220 15 for for ADP bracis-33647 220 16 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 220 17 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 220 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 19 acl acl PROPN bracis-33647 220 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 21 dubrovnik dubrovnik PROPN bracis-33647 220 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 220 23 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 220 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 220 25 google google PROPN bracis-33647 220 26 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 220 27     SPACE bracis-33647 220 28 nascimento nascimento PROPN bracis-33647 220 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 30 f.r f.r PROPN bracis-33647 220 31 . . PROPN bracis-33647 220 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 33 cavalcanti cavalcanti PROPN bracis-33647 220 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 35 g.d g.d PROPN bracis-33647 220 36 . . PROPN bracis-33647 220 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 38 da da PROPN bracis-33647 220 39     SPACE bracis-33647 220 40 costa costa PROPN bracis-33647 220 41 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 220 42 abreu abreu PROPN bracis-33647 220 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 220 44 m. m. NOUN bracis-33647 220 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 220 46 unintended unintended ADJ bracis-33647 220 47 bias bias NOUN bracis-33647 220 48 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 220 49 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 220 50 an an DET bracis-33647 220 51 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 220 52 of of ADP bracis-33647 220 53 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 220 54 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 220 55 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 220 56 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 220 57 gender gender NOUN bracis-33647 220 58 bias bias NOUN bracis-33647 220 59 mitigation mitigation NOUN bracis-33647 220 60 on on ADP bracis-33647 220 61 social social ADJ bracis-33647 220 62 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 220 63 using use VERB bracis-33647 220 64 ensemble ensemble ADJ bracis-33647 220 65 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 220 66 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 221 1 exp exp PROPN bracis-33647 221 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 221 3 syst syst PROPN bracis-33647 221 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 222 1 appl appl PROPN bracis-33647 222 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 223 1 201 201 NUM bracis-33647 223 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 223 3 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33647 223 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 223 5 google google NOUN bracis-33647 223 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 223 7     SPACE bracis-33647 223 8 nobata nobata PROPN bracis-33647 223 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 10 c. c. NOUN bracis-33647 223 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 12 tetreault tetreault NOUN bracis-33647 223 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 14 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 223 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 16 thomas thomas PROPN bracis-33647 223 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 18 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 223 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 20 mehdad mehdad PROPN bracis-33647 223 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 22 y. y. PROPN bracis-33647 223 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 24 chang chang PROPN bracis-33647 223 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 223 26 y. y. NOUN bracis-33647 223 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 223 28 abusive abusive ADJ bracis-33647 223 29 language language NOUN bracis-33647 223 30 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 223 31 in in ADP bracis-33647 223 32 online online ADJ bracis-33647 223 33 user user NOUN bracis-33647 223 34 content content NOUN bracis-33647 223 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 224 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 224 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 224 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 224 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 224 5 the the DET bracis-33647 224 6 25th 25th ADJ bracis-33647 224 7 international international ADJ bracis-33647 224 8 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 224 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 224 10 world world NOUN bracis-33647 224 11 wide wide ADJ bracis-33647 224 12 web web NOUN bracis-33647 224 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 14 international international ADJ bracis-33647 224 15 world world NOUN bracis-33647 224 16 wide wide ADJ bracis-33647 224 17 web web NOUN bracis-33647 224 18 conferences conference NOUN bracis-33647 224 19 steering steering NOUN bracis-33647 224 20 committee committee NOUN bracis-33647 224 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 22 montréal montréal PROPN bracis-33647 224 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 224 24 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33647 224 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 224 26 google google PROPN bracis-33647 224 27 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 224 28     SPACE bracis-33647 224 29 ocampo ocampo PROPN bracis-33647 224 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 31 n.b n.b PROPN bracis-33647 224 32 . . PROPN bracis-33647 224 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 34 sviridova sviridova PROPN bracis-33647 224 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 36 e. e. PROPN bracis-33647 224 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 38 cabrio cabrio PROPN bracis-33647 224 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 40 e. e. PROPN bracis-33647 224 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 42 villata villata PROPN bracis-33647 224 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 224 44 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 224 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 224 46 an an DET bracis-33647 224 47 in in ADP bracis-33647 224 48 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 224 49 depth depth NOUN bracis-33647 224 50 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 224 51 of of ADP bracis-33647 224 52 implicit implicit ADJ bracis-33647 224 53 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 224 54 subtle subtle ADJ bracis-33647 224 55 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 224 56 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 224 57 messages message NOUN bracis-33647 224 58 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 225 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 225 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 225 3 vlachos vlachos PROPN bracis-33647 225 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 5 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 225 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 7 augenstein augenstein ADV bracis-33647 225 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 9 i. i. PROPN bracis-33647 225 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 225 11 eds eds PROPN bracis-33647 225 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 225 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 225 14 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 225 15 of of ADP bracis-33647 225 16 the the DET bracis-33647 225 17 17th 17th ADJ bracis-33647 225 18 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 225 19 of of ADP bracis-33647 225 20 the the DET bracis-33647 225 21 european european ADJ bracis-33647 225 22 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33647 225 23 of of ADP bracis-33647 225 24 the the DET bracis-33647 225 25 association association NOUN bracis-33647 225 26 for for ADP bracis-33647 225 27 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 225 28 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 225 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 30 pp pp ADJ bracis-33647 225 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 225 32 1997–2013 1997–2013 NUM bracis-33647 225 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 225 34 association association NOUN bracis-33647 225 35 for for ADP bracis-33647 225 36 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 225 37 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 225 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 39 dubrovnik dubrovnik X bracis-33647 225 40 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 225 41 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 225 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 225 43 google google PROPN bracis-33647 225 44 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 225 45     SPACE bracis-33647 225 46 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33647 225 47 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 48 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 225 49 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 50 cecote cecote VERB bracis-33647 225 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 52 t. t. PROPN bracis-33647 225 53 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 54 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 225 55 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 56 p. p. NOUN bracis-33647 225 57 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 58 gertrudes gertrude NOUN bracis-33647 225 59 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 60 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 225 61 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 62 freitas freitas PROPN bracis-33647 225 63 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 64 v. v. ADV bracis-33647 225 65 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 66 luz luz PROPN bracis-33647 225 67 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 225 68 e. e. PROPN bracis-33647 225 69 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 225 70 how how SCONJ bracis-33647 225 71 good good ADJ bracis-33647 225 72 is be AUX bracis-33647 225 73 chatgpt chatgpt NOUN bracis-33647 225 74 for for ADP bracis-33647 225 75 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 225 76 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 225 77 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 225 78 in in ADP bracis-33647 225 79 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 225 80 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33647 226 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 226 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 226 3 anais anais PROPN bracis-33647 226 4 do do PROPN bracis-33647 226 5 xiv xiv PROPN bracis-33647 226 6 simpósio simpósio VERB bracis-33647 226 7 brasileiro brasileiro PROPN bracis-33647 226 8 de de PROPN bracis-33647 226 9 tecnologia tecnologia PROPN bracis-33647 226 10 da da PROPN bracis-33647 226 11 informação informação PROPN bracis-33647 226 12 e e PROPN bracis-33647 226 13 da da PROPN bracis-33647 226 14 linguagem linguagem PROPN bracis-33647 226 15 humana humana PROPN bracis-33647 226 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 17 sbc sbc PROPN bracis-33647 226 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 19 belo belo PROPN bracis-33647 226 20 horizonte horizonte PROPN bracis-33647 226 21 / / SYM bracis-33647 226 22 mg mg PROPN bracis-33647 226 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 226 24 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 226 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 226 26 google google NOUN bracis-33647 226 27 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 226 28     SPACE bracis-33647 226 29 pelle pelle PROPN bracis-33647 226 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 31 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 226 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 33 alcântara alcântara ADJ bracis-33647 226 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 35 c. c. PROPN bracis-33647 226 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 37 moreira moreira PROPN bracis-33647 226 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 226 39 v.p v.p PROPN bracis-33647 226 40 . . PROPN bracis-33647 226 41 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 227 1 a a DET bracis-33647 227 2 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33647 227 3 ensemble ensemble ADJ bracis-33647 227 4 for for ADP bracis-33647 227 5 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 227 6 text text NOUN bracis-33647 227 7 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 227 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 228 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 228 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 228 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 228 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 228 5 the the DET bracis-33647 228 6 24th 24th ADJ bracis-33647 228 7 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 228 8 symposium symposium NOUN bracis-33647 228 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 228 10 multimedia multimedia NOUN bracis-33647 228 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 228 12 the the DET bracis-33647 228 13 web web NOUN bracis-33647 228 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 228 15 2018 2018 NUM bracis-33647 228 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 228 17 google google PROPN bracis-33647 228 18 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 228 19     SPACE bracis-33647 228 20 pires pire NOUN bracis-33647 228 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 22 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 228 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 24 abonizio abonizio PROPN bracis-33647 228 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 26 h. h. PROPN bracis-33647 228 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 28 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33647 228 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 30 t.s t.s PROPN bracis-33647 228 31 . . PROPN bracis-33647 228 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 33 nogueira nogueira PROPN bracis-33647 228 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 228 35 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 228 36 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 228 37 sabiá sabiá NOUN bracis-33647 228 38 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 228 39 portuguese portuguese VERB bracis-33647 228 40 large large ADJ bracis-33647 228 41 language language NOUN bracis-33647 228 42 models model NOUN bracis-33647 228 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 229 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 229 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 229 3 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 229 4 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 229 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 230 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 230 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 230 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-33647 230 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 230 5 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 230 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 230 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 231 1 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-33647 231 2 978 978 NUM bracis-33647 231 3 - - SYM bracis-33647 231 4 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 231 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 231 6 031 031 NUM bracis-33647 231 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 231 8 45392 45392 NUM bracis-33647 231 9 - - SYM bracis-33647 231 10 2 2 NUM bracis-33647 231 11 google google NOUN bracis-33647 231 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 231 13     SPACE bracis-33647 231 14 rawat rawat PROPN bracis-33647 231 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 16 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 231 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 18 kumar kumar PROPN bracis-33647 231 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 20 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 231 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 22 samant samant NOUN bracis-33647 231 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 24 s.s s.s PROPN bracis-33647 231 25 . . PROPN bracis-33647 231 26 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 231 27 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 231 28 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 231 29 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 231 30 in in ADP bracis-33647 231 31 social social ADJ bracis-33647 231 32 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 231 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 231 34 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33647 231 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 36 recent recent ADJ bracis-33647 231 37 trends trend NOUN bracis-33647 231 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 231 39 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 231 40 future future ADJ bracis-33647 231 41 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33647 231 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 232 1 wiley wiley PROPN bracis-33647 232 2 interdiscip interdiscip NOUN bracis-33647 232 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 233 1 rev rev PROPN bracis-33647 233 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 233 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 234 1 comput comput PROPN bracis-33647 234 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 235 1 statist statist NOUN bracis-33647 235 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 236 1 16(2 16(2 NUM bracis-33647 236 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 236 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 236 4 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 236 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 236 6 google google NOUN bracis-33647 236 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 236 8     SPACE bracis-33647 236 9 reimers reimer NOUN bracis-33647 236 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 236 11 n. n. NOUN bracis-33647 236 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 236 13 gurevych gurevych NOUN bracis-33647 236 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 236 15 i. i. NOUN bracis-33647 236 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 236 17 sentence sentence NOUN bracis-33647 236 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 236 19 bert bert PROPN bracis-33647 236 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 236 21 sentence sentence NOUN bracis-33647 236 22 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 236 23 using use VERB bracis-33647 236 24 siamese siamese ADJ bracis-33647 236 25 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 236 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 236 27 networks network NOUN bracis-33647 236 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 237 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 237 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 237 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 237 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 237 5 the the DET bracis-33647 237 6 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33647 237 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 237 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 237 9 empirical empirical ADJ bracis-33647 237 10 methods method NOUN bracis-33647 237 11 in in ADP bracis-33647 237 12 natural natural ADJ bracis-33647 237 13 language language NOUN bracis-33647 237 14 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 237 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 237 16 the the DET bracis-33647 237 17 9th 9th ADJ bracis-33647 237 18 international international ADJ bracis-33647 237 19 joint joint ADJ bracis-33647 237 20 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 237 21 on on ADP bracis-33647 237 22 natural natural ADJ bracis-33647 237 23 language language NOUN bracis-33647 237 24 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 237 25 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 237 26 emnlp emnlp NOUN bracis-33647 237 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 237 28 ijcnlp ijcnlp NOUN bracis-33647 237 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 237 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 237 31 pp pp ADJ bracis-33647 237 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 238 1 3982–3992 3982–3992 NUM bracis-33647 238 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 238 3 association association NOUN bracis-33647 238 4 for for ADP bracis-33647 238 5 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 238 6 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33647 238 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 8 hong hong PROPN bracis-33647 238 9 kong kong PROPN bracis-33647 238 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 238 11 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33647 238 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 238 13 google google NOUN bracis-33647 238 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 238 15     SPACE bracis-33647 238 16 da da PROPN bracis-33647 238 17     SPACE bracis-33647 238 18 rocha rocha PROPN bracis-33647 238 19     SPACE bracis-33647 238 20 junqueira junqueira PROPN bracis-33647 238 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 22 j. j. PROPN bracis-33647 238 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 24 junior junior PROPN bracis-33647 238 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 26 c.l c.l PROPN bracis-33647 238 27 . . PROPN bracis-33647 238 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 29 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 238 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 31 f.l.v f.l.v NOUN bracis-33647 238 32 . . PROPN bracis-33647 238 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 34 côrrea côrrea PROPN bracis-33647 238 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 36 u.b u.b PROPN bracis-33647 238 37 . . PROPN bracis-33647 238 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 39 de de NOUN bracis-33647 238 40     SPACE bracis-33647 238 41 freitas freita NOUN bracis-33647 238 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 238 43 l.a l.a PROPN bracis-33647 238 44 . . PROPN bracis-33647 238 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 239 1 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 239 2 in in ADP bracis-33647 239 3 action action NOUN bracis-33647 239 4 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 239 5 an an DET bracis-33647 239 6 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33647 239 7 of of ADP bracis-33647 239 8 its its PRON bracis-33647 239 9 abilities ability NOUN bracis-33647 239 10 in in ADP bracis-33647 239 11 aspect aspect NOUN bracis-33647 239 12 extraction extraction NOUN bracis-33647 239 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 239 14 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 239 15 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 239 16 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 239 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 239 18 irony irony NOUN bracis-33647 239 19 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 239 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 239 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 239 22 question question NOUN bracis-33647 239 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 239 24 answering answering NOUN bracis-33647 239 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 240 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 240 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 240 3 anais anais PROPN bracis-33647 240 4 do do PROPN bracis-33647 240 5 xiv xiv PROPN bracis-33647 240 6 simpósio simpósio VERB bracis-33647 240 7 brasileiro brasileiro PROPN bracis-33647 240 8 de de PROPN bracis-33647 240 9 tecnologia tecnologia PROPN bracis-33647 240 10 da da PROPN bracis-33647 240 11 informação informação PROPN bracis-33647 240 12 e e PROPN bracis-33647 240 13 da da PROPN bracis-33647 240 14 linguagem linguagem PROPN bracis-33647 240 15 humana humana PROPN bracis-33647 240 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 240 17 sbc sbc NOUN bracis-33647 240 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 240 19 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 240 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 240 21 google google NOUN bracis-33647 240 22 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 240 23     SPACE bracis-33647 240 24 rodrigues rodrigue NOUN bracis-33647 240 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 240 26 j.a j.a PROPN bracis-33647 240 27 . . PROPN bracis-33647 240 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 240 29 et et PROPN bracis-33647 240 30 al al PROPN bracis-33647 240 31 . . PROPN bracis-33647 240 32 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 240 33 advancing advance VERB bracis-33647 240 34 neural neural ADJ bracis-33647 240 35 encoding encoding NOUN bracis-33647 240 36 of of ADP bracis-33647 240 37 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 240 38 with with ADP bracis-33647 240 39 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 240 40 albertina albertina PROPN bracis-33647 240 41 pt- pt- PROPN bracis-33647 241 1 * * PUNCT bracis-33647 241 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 242 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 242 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 242 3 progress progress NOUN bracis-33647 242 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 242 5 artificial artificial ADJ bracis-33647 242 6 intelligence intelligence NOUN bracis-33647 242 7 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 242 8 22nd 22nd NUM bracis-33647 242 9 epia epia VERB bracis-33647 242 10 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 242 11 on on ADP bracis-33647 242 12 artificial artificial ADJ bracis-33647 242 13 intelligence intelligence NOUN bracis-33647 242 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 15 epia epia ADJ bracis-33647 242 16 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 242 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 18 faial faial ADJ bracis-33647 242 19 island island NOUN bracis-33647 242 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 21 5–8 5–8 PROPN bracis-33647 242 22 september september PROPN bracis-33647 242 23 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 242 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 25 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 242 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 27 part part NOUN bracis-33647 242 28 i i PRON bracis-33647 242 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 242 30 pp pp ADJ bracis-33647 242 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 243 1 441–453 441–453 NUM bracis-33647 243 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 244 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 244 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 244 3 berlin berlin PROPN bracis-33647 244 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 244 5 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 244 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 244 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 245 1 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-33647 245 2 978 978 NUM bracis-33647 245 3 - - SYM bracis-33647 245 4 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 245 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 245 6 031 031 NUM bracis-33647 245 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 245 8 49007 49007 NUM bracis-33647 245 9 - - SYM bracis-33647 245 10 1 1 NUM bracis-33647 245 11 google google NOUN bracis-33647 245 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 245 13     SPACE bracis-33647 245 14 rodríguez rodríguez NOUN bracis-33647 245 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 245 16 s.e s.e PROPN bracis-33647 245 17 . . PROPN bracis-33647 245 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 245 19 allende allende PROPN bracis-33647 245 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 245 21 cid cid PROPN bracis-33647 245 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 245 23 h. h. PROPN bracis-33647 245 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 245 25 allende allende PROPN bracis-33647 245 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 245 27 h. h. PROPN bracis-33647 245 28 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 245 29 detecting detect VERB bracis-33647 245 30 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 245 31 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 245 32 in in ADP bracis-33647 245 33 cross cross NOUN bracis-33647 245 34 - - ADJ bracis-33647 245 35 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 245 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 245 37 multi multi ADJ bracis-33647 245 38 - - ADJ bracis-33647 245 39 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33647 245 40 settings setting NOUN bracis-33647 245 41 using use VERB bracis-33647 245 42 language language NOUN bracis-33647 245 43 agnostic agnostic ADJ bracis-33647 245 44 representations representation NOUN bracis-33647 245 45 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 246 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 246 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 246 3 progress progress NOUN bracis-33647 246 4 in in ADP bracis-33647 246 5 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-33647 246 6 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33647 246 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 246 8 image image NOUN bracis-33647 246 9 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33647 246 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 246 11 computer computer NOUN bracis-33647 246 12 vision vision NOUN bracis-33647 246 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 246 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 246 15 applications application NOUN bracis-33647 246 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 246 17 25th 25th ADJ bracis-33647 246 18 iberoamerican iberoamerican PROPN bracis-33647 246 19 congress congress PROPN bracis-33647 246 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 246 21 ciarp ciarp NOUN bracis-33647 246 22 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 246 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 247 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 247 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 247 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 247 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 247 5 google google NOUN bracis-33647 247 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 247 7     SPACE bracis-33647 247 8 saraiva saraiva NOUN bracis-33647 247 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 10 g.d g.d PROPN bracis-33647 247 11 . . PROPN bracis-33647 247 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 13 anchiêta anchiêta NOUN bracis-33647 247 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 15 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 247 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 17 neto neto NOUN bracis-33647 247 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 19 f.a.r f.a.r NOUN bracis-33647 247 20 . . PROPN bracis-33647 247 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 22 moura moura PROPN bracis-33647 247 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 247 24 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 247 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 247 26 a a DET bracis-33647 247 27 semi semi ADJ bracis-33647 247 28 - - ADJ bracis-33647 247 29 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33647 247 30 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 247 31 to to PART bracis-33647 247 32 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 247 33 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 247 34 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 247 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 248 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 248 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 248 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 248 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 248 5 the the DET bracis-33647 248 6 international international ADJ bracis-33647 248 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 248 8 on on ADP bracis-33647 248 9 recent recent ADJ bracis-33647 248 10 advances advance NOUN bracis-33647 248 11 in in ADP bracis-33647 248 12 natural natural ADJ bracis-33647 248 13 language language NOUN bracis-33647 248 14 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 248 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 248 16 ranlp ranlp NOUN bracis-33647 248 17 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 248 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 248 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 248 20 incoma incoma PROPN bracis-33647 248 21 ltd ltd PROPN bracis-33647 248 22 . . PROPN bracis-33647 248 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 248 24 held hold VERB bracis-33647 248 25 online online ADV bracis-33647 248 26 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 248 27 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 248 28 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 248 29 google google NOUN bracis-33647 248 30 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 248 31     SPACE bracis-33647 248 32 silva silva NOUN bracis-33647 248 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 248 34 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 248 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 248 36 serapiao serapiao PROPN bracis-33647 248 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 248 38 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 248 39 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 248 40 detecção detecção VERB bracis-33647 248 41 de de X bracis-33647 248 42 discurso discurso PROPN bracis-33647 248 43 de de X bracis-33647 248 44 ódio ódio NOUN bracis-33647 248 45 em em PRON bracis-33647 248 46 português português PROPN bracis-33647 248 47 usando usando PROPN bracis-33647 248 48 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-33647 248 49 combinada combinada PROPN bracis-33647 248 50 a a DET bracis-33647 248 51 vetores vetore NOUN bracis-33647 248 52 de de X bracis-33647 248 53 palavras palavras X bracis-33647 248 54 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 249 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 249 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 249 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 249 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 249 5 kdmile kdmile NOUN bracis-33647 249 6 2018 2018 NUM bracis-33647 249 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 8 symposium symposium NOUN bracis-33647 249 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 249 10 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33647 249 11 discovery discovery NOUN bracis-33647 249 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 13 mining mining NOUN bracis-33647 249 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 249 15 learning learning NOUN bracis-33647 249 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 17 são são PROPN bracis-33647 249 18 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-33647 249 19 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 249 20 2018 2018 NUM bracis-33647 249 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 249 22 google google PROPN bracis-33647 249 23 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 249 24     SPACE bracis-33647 249 25 da da PROPN bracis-33647 249 26     SPACE bracis-33647 249 27 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 249 28     SPACE bracis-33647 249 29 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33647 249 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 31 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 249 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 33 de de NOUN bracis-33647 249 34     SPACE bracis-33647 249 35 carvalho carvalho NOUN bracis-33647 249 36     SPACE bracis-33647 249 37 cecote cecote NOUN bracis-33647 249 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 39 t. t. NOUN bracis-33647 249 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 41 alvarenga alvarenga NOUN bracis-33647 249 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 43 j.p.r j.p.r NOUN bracis-33647 249 44 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 249 45 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 46 de de NOUN bracis-33647 249 47     SPACE bracis-33647 249 48 souza souza NOUN bracis-33647 249 49     SPACE bracis-33647 249 50 freitas freita NOUN bracis-33647 249 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 52 v.l v.l PROPN bracis-33647 249 53 . . PROPN bracis-33647 249 54 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 55 da da PROPN bracis-33647 249 56     SPACE bracis-33647 249 57 silva silva PROPN bracis-33647 249 58     SPACE bracis-33647 249 59 luz luz PROPN bracis-33647 249 60 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 249 61 e.j e.j PROPN bracis-33647 249 62 . . PROPN bracis-33647 249 63 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 249 64 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 249 65 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 249 66 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 249 67 in in ADP bracis-33647 249 68 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 249 69 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 249 70 a a DET bracis-33647 249 71 comparative comparative ADJ bracis-33647 249 72 study study NOUN bracis-33647 249 73 of of ADP bracis-33647 249 74 large large ADJ bracis-33647 249 75 language language NOUN bracis-33647 249 76 models model NOUN bracis-33647 249 77 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 250 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 250 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 250 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 250 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 250 5 the the DET bracis-33647 250 6 16th 16th ADJ bracis-33647 250 7 international international ADJ bracis-33647 250 8 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 250 9 on on ADP bracis-33647 250 10 computational computational ADJ bracis-33647 250 11 processing processing NOUN bracis-33647 250 12 of of ADP bracis-33647 250 13 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33647 250 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 15 acl acl PROPN bracis-33647 250 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 250 17 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 250 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 250 19 google google NOUN bracis-33647 250 20 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 250 21     SPACE bracis-33647 250 22 souza souza PROPN bracis-33647 250 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 24 f. f. PROPN bracis-33647 250 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 26 nogueira nogueira PROPN bracis-33647 250 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 28 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 250 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 30 lotufo lotufo PROPN bracis-33647 250 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 250 32 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 250 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 250 34 bertimbau bertimbau PROPN bracis-33647 250 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 250 36 pretrained pretraine VERB bracis-33647 250 37 bert bert NOUN bracis-33647 250 38 models model NOUN bracis-33647 250 39 for for ADP bracis-33647 250 40 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 250 41 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33647 250 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 251 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 251 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 251 3 9th 9th ADJ bracis-33647 251 4 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 251 5 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 251 6 on on ADP bracis-33647 251 7 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 251 8 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 251 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 251 10 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-33647 251 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 251 12 rio rio PROPN bracis-33647 251 13 grande grande PROPN bracis-33647 251 14 do do VERB bracis-33647 251 15 sul sul PROPN bracis-33647 251 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 251 17 20–23 20–23 PROPN bracis-33647 251 18 october october PROPN bracis-33647 251 19 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 251 20 to to PART bracis-33647 251 21 appear appear VERB bracis-33647 251 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 251 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 251 24 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33647 251 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 251 26 google google PROPN bracis-33647 251 27 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 251 28     SPACE bracis-33647 251 29 üstün üstün NOUN bracis-33647 251 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 251 31 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 251 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 251 33 et et PROPN bracis-33647 251 34     SPACE bracis-33647 251 35 al al PROPN bracis-33647 251 36 . . PROPN bracis-33647 251 37 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 252 1 aya aya PROPN bracis-33647 252 2 model model PROPN bracis-33647 252 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 252 4 an an DET bracis-33647 252 5 instruction instruction NOUN bracis-33647 252 6 finetuned finetune VERB bracis-33647 252 7 open open ADJ bracis-33647 252 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 252 9 access access NOUN bracis-33647 252 10 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 252 11 language language NOUN bracis-33647 252 12 model model NOUN bracis-33647 252 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 253 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 253 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-33647 253 3 arxiv:2402.07827 arxiv:2402.07827 NOUN bracis-33647 253 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 253 5 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 253 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 253 7 utku utku NOUN bracis-33647 253 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 253 9 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 253 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 253 11 can can AUX bracis-33647 253 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 253 13 u. u. PROPN bracis-33647 253 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 253 15 aslan aslan PROPN bracis-33647 253 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 253 17 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 253 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 253 19 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 253 20 of of ADP bracis-33647 253 21 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 253 22 twitter twitter NOUN bracis-33647 253 23 users user NOUN bracis-33647 253 24 with with ADP bracis-33647 253 25 graph graph NOUN bracis-33647 253 26 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-33647 253 27 network network NOUN bracis-33647 253 28 model model NOUN bracis-33647 253 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 254 1 earth earth PROPN bracis-33647 254 2 sci sci PROPN bracis-33647 254 3 . . PROPN bracis-33647 254 4 inf inf PROPN bracis-33647 254 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 254 6 16(1 16(1 PROPN bracis-33647 254 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 254 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 254 9 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33647 254 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 254 11 google google NOUN bracis-33647 254 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 254 13     SPACE bracis-33647 254 14 vargas vargas NOUN bracis-33647 254 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 16 f. f. PROPN bracis-33647 254 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 18 carvalho carvalho PROPN bracis-33647 254 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 20 i. i. PROPN bracis-33647 254 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 22 rodrigues rodrigue VERB bracis-33647 254 23     SPACE bracis-33647 254 24 de de X bracis-33647 254 25 góes góes PROPN bracis-33647 254 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 27 f. f. PROPN bracis-33647 254 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 29 pardo pardo PROPN bracis-33647 254 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 31 t. t. PROPN bracis-33647 254 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 33 benevenuto benevenuto PROPN bracis-33647 254 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 254 35 f. f. PROPN bracis-33647 254 36 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 255 1 hatebr hatebr ADJ bracis-33647 255 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 255 3 a a DET bracis-33647 255 4 large large ADJ bracis-33647 255 5 expert expert NOUN bracis-33647 255 6 annotated annotate VERB bracis-33647 255 7 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33647 255 8 of of ADP bracis-33647 255 9 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33647 255 10 instagram instagram PROPN bracis-33647 255 11 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 255 12 for for ADP bracis-33647 255 13 offensive offensive ADJ bracis-33647 255 14 language language NOUN bracis-33647 255 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 255 16 hate hate VERB bracis-33647 255 17 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 255 18 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 255 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 256 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 256 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 256 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 256 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 256 5 the the DET bracis-33647 256 6 thirteenth thirteenth ADJ bracis-33647 256 7 language language NOUN bracis-33647 256 8 resources resource NOUN bracis-33647 256 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 256 10 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33647 256 11 conference conference NOUN bracis-33647 256 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 256 13 european european ADJ bracis-33647 256 14 language language NOUN bracis-33647 256 15 resources resource NOUN bracis-33647 256 16 association association NOUN bracis-33647 256 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 256 18 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33647 256 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 256 20 google google NOUN bracis-33647 256 21 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 256 22     SPACE bracis-33647 256 23 walther walther NOUN bracis-33647 256 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 256 25 j.b j.b PROPN bracis-33647 256 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 256 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 256 28 social social ADJ bracis-33647 256 29 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 256 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 256 31 online online ADJ bracis-33647 256 32 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 256 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 257 1 curr curr PROPN bracis-33647 257 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 258 1 opin opin NOUN bracis-33647 258 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 259 1 psychol psychol NOUN bracis-33647 259 2 . . PROPN bracis-33647 260 1 45 45 NUM bracis-33647 260 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 260 3 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33647 260 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 260 5 google google PROPN bracis-33647 260 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 260 7     SPACE bracis-33647 260 8 wang wang PROPN bracis-33647 260 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 10 l. l. PROPN bracis-33647 260 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 12 yang yang PROPN bracis-33647 260 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 14 n. n. PROPN bracis-33647 260 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 16 huang huang PROPN bracis-33647 260 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 18 x. x. PROPN bracis-33647 260 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 20 yang yang PROPN bracis-33647 260 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 22 l. l. PROPN bracis-33647 260 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 24 majumder majumder PROPN bracis-33647 260 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 26 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 260 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 28 wei wei PROPN bracis-33647 260 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 260 30 f. f. PROPN bracis-33647 260 31 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 260 32 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33647 260 33 e5 e5 NOUN bracis-33647 260 34 text text NOUN bracis-33647 260 35 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33647 260 36 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 260 37 a a DET bracis-33647 260 38 technical technical ADJ bracis-33647 260 39 report report NOUN bracis-33647 260 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 261 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 261 2 preprint preprint NOUN bracis-33647 261 3 arxiv:2402.05672 arxiv:2402.05672 X bracis-33647 261 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 261 5 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 261 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 261 7 wang wang PROPN bracis-33647 261 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 9 x. x. PROPN bracis-33647 261 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 11 koneru koneru PROPN bracis-33647 261 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 13 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 261 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 15 venkit venkit NOUN bracis-33647 261 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 17 p.n p.n PROPN bracis-33647 261 18 . . PROPN bracis-33647 261 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 20 frischmann frischmann NOUN bracis-33647 261 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 22 b. b. PROPN bracis-33647 261 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 24 rajtmajer rajtmajer NOUN bracis-33647 261 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 261 26 s. s. PROPN bracis-33647 261 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 261 28 the the DET bracis-33647 261 29 unappreciated unappreciated ADJ bracis-33647 261 30 role role NOUN bracis-33647 261 31 of of ADP bracis-33647 261 32 intent intent NOUN bracis-33647 261 33 in in ADP bracis-33647 261 34 algorithmic algorithmic ADJ bracis-33647 261 35 moderation moderation NOUN bracis-33647 261 36 of of ADP bracis-33647 261 37 social social ADJ bracis-33647 261 38 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 261 39 content content NOUN bracis-33647 261 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 262 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33647 262 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-33647 262 3 arxiv:2405.11030 arxiv:2405.11030 PROPN bracis-33647 262 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 262 5 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 262 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 262 7 waseem waseem PROPN bracis-33647 262 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 262 9 z. z. PROPN bracis-33647 262 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 262 11 hovy hovy PROPN bracis-33647 262 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 262 13 d. d. PROPN bracis-33647 262 14 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 263 1 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 263 2 symbols symbol NOUN bracis-33647 263 3 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 263 4 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 263 5 people people NOUN bracis-33647 263 6 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33647 264 1 predictive predictive ADJ bracis-33647 264 2 features feature NOUN bracis-33647 264 3 for for ADP bracis-33647 264 4 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 264 5 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 264 6 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 264 7 on on ADP bracis-33647 264 8 twitter twitter NOUN bracis-33647 264 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 265 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 265 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 265 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33647 265 4 of of ADP bracis-33647 265 5 the the DET bracis-33647 265 6 naacl naacl PROPN bracis-33647 265 7 student student NOUN bracis-33647 265 8 research research NOUN bracis-33647 265 9 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33647 265 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 265 11 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33647 265 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 265 13 google google PROPN bracis-33647 265 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 265 15     SPACE bracis-33647 265 16 yin yin PROPN bracis-33647 265 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 265 18 w. w. PROPN bracis-33647 265 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 265 20 zubiaga zubiaga PROPN bracis-33647 265 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 265 22 a. a. NOUN bracis-33647 265 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 265 24 towards towards ADP bracis-33647 265 25 generalisable generalisable ADJ bracis-33647 265 26 hate hate NOUN bracis-33647 265 27 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 265 28 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 265 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 265 30 a a DET bracis-33647 265 31 review review NOUN bracis-33647 265 32 on on ADP bracis-33647 265 33 obstacles obstacle NOUN bracis-33647 265 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 265 35 solutions solution NOUN bracis-33647 265 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 266 1 peerj peerj PROPN bracis-33647 266 2 comput comput NOUN bracis-33647 266 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 267 1 sci sci PROPN bracis-33647 267 2 . . PROPN bracis-33647 267 3 7 7 NUM bracis-33647 267 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 267 5 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33647 267 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 267 7 google google NOUN bracis-33647 267 8 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 267 9     SPACE bracis-33647 267 10 younus younus NOUN bracis-33647 267 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 267 12 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 267 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 267 14 qureshi qureshi PROPN bracis-33647 267 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 267 16 m.a m.a PROPN bracis-33647 267 17 . . PROPN bracis-33647 267 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 268 1 a a DET bracis-33647 268 2 framework framework NOUN bracis-33647 268 3 for for ADP bracis-33647 268 4 sexism sexism NOUN bracis-33647 268 5 detection detection NOUN bracis-33647 268 6 on on ADP bracis-33647 268 7 social social ADJ bracis-33647 268 8 media medium NOUN bracis-33647 268 9 via via ADP bracis-33647 268 10 byt5 byt5 PROPN bracis-33647 268 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 268 12 tabnet tabnet PROPN bracis-33647 268 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 268 14 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33647 268 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 268 16 google google PROPN bracis-33647 268 17 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 268 18     SPACE bracis-33647 268 19 download download NOUN bracis-33647 268 20 references reference NOUN bracis-33647 268 21 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 22 information information NOUN bracis-33647 268 23 authors author NOUN bracis-33647 268 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 268 25 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33647 268 26 federal federal PROPN bracis-33647 268 27 university university PROPN bracis-33647 268 28 of of ADP bracis-33647 268 29 piauí piauí PROPN bracis-33647 268 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 268 31 teresina teresina PROPN bracis-33647 268 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 268 33 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33647 268 34 ghivvago ghivvago PROPN bracis-33647 268 35 damas damas PROPN bracis-33647 268 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 268 37     SPACE bracis-33647 268 38 raimundo raimundo PROPN bracis-33647 268 39 santos santos PROPN bracis-33647 268 40 moura moura PROPN bracis-33647 268 41     SPACE bracis-33647 268 42 & & CCONJ bracis-33647 268 43     SPACE bracis-33647 268 44 vinicius vinicius PROPN bracis-33647 268 45 ponte ponte PROPN bracis-33647 268 46 machado machado PROPN bracis-33647 268 47 federal federal PROPN bracis-33647 268 48 institute institute PROPN bracis-33647 268 49 of of ADP bracis-33647 268 50 piauí piauí PROPN bracis-33647 268 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 268 52 teresina teresina PROPN bracis-33647 268 53 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 268 54 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33647 268 55 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33647 268 56 torres torre VERB bracis-33647 268 57 anchiêta anchiêta NOUN bracis-33647 268 58 authors author NOUN bracis-33647 268 59 ghivvago ghivvago PROPN bracis-33647 268 60 damasview damasview NOUN bracis-33647 268 61 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 62 publications publication NOUN bracis-33647 268 63 search search NOUN bracis-33647 268 64 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 65 on on ADP bracis-33647 268 66 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 268 67 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33647 268 68     SPACE bracis-33647 268 69 google google PROPN bracis-33647 268 70 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33647 268 71 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33647 268 72 torres torre VERB bracis-33647 268 73 anchiêtaview anchiêtaview NOUN bracis-33647 268 74 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 75 publications publication NOUN bracis-33647 268 76 search search NOUN bracis-33647 268 77 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 78 on on ADP bracis-33647 268 79 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 268 80 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33647 268 81     SPACE bracis-33647 268 82 google google PROPN bracis-33647 268 83 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 268 84 raimundo raimundo PROPN bracis-33647 268 85 santos santos PROPN bracis-33647 268 86 mouraview mouraview PROPN bracis-33647 268 87 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 88 publications publication NOUN bracis-33647 268 89 search search NOUN bracis-33647 268 90 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 91 on on ADP bracis-33647 268 92 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 268 93 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33647 268 94     SPACE bracis-33647 268 95 google google PROPN bracis-33647 268 96 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33647 268 97 vinicius vinicius PROPN bracis-33647 268 98 ponte ponte PROPN bracis-33647 268 99 machadoview machadoview PROPN bracis-33647 268 100 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 101 publications publication NOUN bracis-33647 268 102 search search NOUN bracis-33647 268 103 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 104 on on ADP bracis-33647 268 105 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 268 106 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33647 268 107     SPACE bracis-33647 268 108 google google PROPN bracis-33647 268 109 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33647 268 110 corresponding correspond VERB bracis-33647 268 111 author author NOUN bracis-33647 268 112 correspondence correspondence NOUN bracis-33647 268 113 to to ADP bracis-33647 268 114 ghivvago ghivvago PROPN bracis-33647 268 115 damas damas PROPN bracis-33647 268 116 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 269 1 editor editor NOUN bracis-33647 269 2 information information NOUN bracis-33647 269 3 editors editor NOUN bracis-33647 269 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 269 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33647 269 6 universidade universidade VERB bracis-33647 269 7 federal federal PROPN bracis-33647 269 8 fluminense fluminense PROPN bracis-33647 269 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 10 niterói niterói PROPN bracis-33647 269 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 12 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33647 269 13 aline aline PROPN bracis-33647 269 14 paes paes PROPN bracis-33647 269 15 instituto instituto PROPN bracis-33647 269 16 tecnológico tecnológico PROPN bracis-33647 269 17 de de PROPN bracis-33647 269 18 aeronáutica aeronáutica PROPN bracis-33647 269 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 20 são são PROPN bracis-33647 269 21 josé josé PROPN bracis-33647 269 22 dos dos PROPN bracis-33647 269 23 campos campos PROPN bracis-33647 269 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 25 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33647 269 26 filipe filipe PROPN bracis-33647 269 27 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 269 28 n. n. PROPN bracis-33647 269 29 verri verri PROPN bracis-33647 269 30 rights right NOUN bracis-33647 269 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 269 32 permissions permission NOUN bracis-33647 269 33 reprints reprint NOUN bracis-33647 269 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 269 35 permissions permission VERB bracis-33647 269 36 copyright copyright NOUN bracis-33647 269 37 information information NOUN bracis-33647 269 38 © © ADP bracis-33647 269 39 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33647 269 40 the the DET bracis-33647 269 41 author(s author(s NOUN bracis-33647 269 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 269 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 44 under under ADP bracis-33647 269 45 exclusive exclusive ADJ bracis-33647 269 46 license license NOUN bracis-33647 269 47 to to ADP bracis-33647 269 48 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 269 49 nature nature PROPN bracis-33647 269 50 switzerland switzerland PROPN bracis-33647 269 51 ag ag PROPN bracis-33647 269 52 about about ADP bracis-33647 269 53 this this DET bracis-33647 269 54 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 269 55 cite cite VERB bracis-33647 269 56 this this DET bracis-33647 269 57 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 269 58 damas damas PROPN bracis-33647 269 59 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 60 g. g. PROPN bracis-33647 269 61 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 62 torres torre VERB bracis-33647 269 63 anchiêta anchiêta NOUN bracis-33647 269 64 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 65 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 269 66 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 67 santos santos PROPN bracis-33647 269 68 moura moura PROPN bracis-33647 269 69 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 70 r. r. PROPN bracis-33647 269 71 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 72 ponte ponte PROPN bracis-33647 269 73 machado machado PROPN bracis-33647 269 74 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 269 75 v. v. PROPN bracis-33647 269 76 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 269 77 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33647 269 78 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 269 79 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 270 1 a a DET bracis-33647 270 2 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 270 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 270 4 based base VERB bracis-33647 270 5 tabular tabular NOUN bracis-33647 270 6 approach approach NOUN bracis-33647 270 7 to to AUX bracis-33647 270 8     SPACE bracis-33647 270 9 detect detect VERB bracis-33647 270 10 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 270 11 comments comment NOUN bracis-33647 270 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 271 1 in in ADP bracis-33647 271 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 271 3 paes paes PROPN bracis-33647 271 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 271 5 a. a. PROPN bracis-33647 271 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 271 7 verri verri NOUN bracis-33647 271 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 271 9 f.a.n f.a.n ADJ bracis-33647 271 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 271 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 271 12 eds ed NOUN bracis-33647 271 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 271 14 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33647 271 15 systems system NOUN bracis-33647 271 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 271 17 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-33647 271 18 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33647 271 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 272 1 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33647 272 2 notes note NOUN bracis-33647 272 3 in in ADP bracis-33647 272 4 computer computer NOUN bracis-33647 272 5 science science NOUN bracis-33647 272 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 272 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 272 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 272 9 vol vol NOUN bracis-33647 272 10 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33647 272 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 273 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 273 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 273 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-33647 273 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 274 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_2 PUNCT bracis-33647 274 2 download download PROPN bracis-33647 274 3 citation citation NOUN bracis-33647 274 4 .ris .ris PUNCT bracis-33647 275 1 .enw .enw PROPN bracis-33647 275 2 .bib .bib PUNCT bracis-33647 276 1 doi doi PROPN bracis-33647 276 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_2 PUNCT bracis-33647 276 4 published publish VERB bracis-33647 276 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 6 31 31 NUM bracis-33647 276 7 january january PROPN bracis-33647 276 8 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33647 276 9 publisher publisher NOUN bracis-33647 276 10 name name NOUN bracis-33647 276 11 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 12 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 276 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 276 14 cham cham PROPN bracis-33647 276 15 print print PROPN bracis-33647 276 16 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-33647 276 17 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 18 978 978 NUM bracis-33647 276 19 - - SYM bracis-33647 276 20 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 276 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 276 22 031 031 NUM bracis-33647 276 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 276 24 79037 79037 NUM bracis-33647 276 25 - - SYM bracis-33647 276 26 9 9 NUM bracis-33647 276 27 online online ADJ bracis-33647 276 28 isbn isbn NOUN bracis-33647 276 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 30 978 978 NUM bracis-33647 276 31 - - SYM bracis-33647 276 32 3 3 NUM bracis-33647 276 33 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 276 34 031 031 NUM bracis-33647 276 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 276 36 79038 79038 NUM bracis-33647 276 37 - - SYM bracis-33647 276 38 6 6 NUM bracis-33647 276 39 ebook ebook NOUN bracis-33647 276 40 packages package NOUN bracis-33647 276 41 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 42 computer computer NOUN bracis-33647 276 43 sciencecomputer sciencecomputer NOUN bracis-33647 276 44 science science NOUN bracis-33647 276 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33647 276 46 r0 r0 NOUN bracis-33647 276 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33647 276 48 share share VERB bracis-33647 276 49 this this DET bracis-33647 276 50 paper paper NOUN bracis-33647 276 51 anyone anyone PRON bracis-33647 276 52 you you PRON bracis-33647 276 53 share share VERB bracis-33647 276 54 the the DET bracis-33647 276 55 following follow VERB bracis-33647 276 56 link link NOUN bracis-33647 276 57 with with ADP bracis-33647 276 58 will will AUX bracis-33647 276 59 be be AUX bracis-33647 276 60 able able ADJ bracis-33647 276 61 to to PART bracis-33647 276 62 read read VERB bracis-33647 276 63 this this DET bracis-33647 276 64 content content NOUN bracis-33647 276 65 : : PUNCT bracis-33647 276 66 get get VERB bracis-33647 276 67 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33647 276 68 linksorry linksorry NOUN bracis-33647 276 69 , , PUNCT bracis-33647 276 70 a a DET bracis-33647 276 71 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33647 276 72 link link NOUN bracis-33647 276 73 is be AUX bracis-33647 276 74 not not PART bracis-33647 276 75 currently currently ADV bracis-33647 276 76 available available ADJ bracis-33647 276 77 for for ADP bracis-33647 276 78 this this DET bracis-33647 276 79 article article NOUN bracis-33647 276 80 . . PUNCT bracis-33647 277 1 copy copy VERB bracis-33647 277 2 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33647 277 3 link link NOUN bracis-33647 277 4 to to PART bracis-33647 277 5 clipboard clipboard NOUN bracis-33647 277 6 provided provide VERB bracis-33647 277 7 by by ADP bracis-33647 277 8 the the DET bracis-33647 277 9 springer springer NOUN bracis-33647 277 10 nature nature PROPN bracis-33647 277 11 sharedit sharedit PROPN bracis-33647 277 12 content content NOUN bracis-33647 277 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 277 14 sharing share VERB bracis-33647 277 15 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-33647 277 16 keywords keyword NOUN bracis-33647 277 17 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33647 277 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 277 19 hateful hateful ADJ bracis-33647 277 20 speech speech NOUN bracis-33647 277 21 deep deep ADJ bracis-33647 277 22 learning learn VERB bracis-33647 277 23 ft ft NOUN bracis-33647 277 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33647 277 25 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33647 277 26 embedding embed VERB bracis-33647 277 27 models model NOUN bracis-33647 277 28 text text NOUN bracis-33647 277 29 classification classification NOUN bracis-33647 277 30 publish publish NOUN bracis-33647 277 31 with with ADP bracis-33647 277 32 us us PROPN bracis-33647 277 33 policies policy NOUN bracis-33647 277 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33647 277 35 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33647 277 36 profiles profile NOUN bracis-33647 277 37 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33647 277 38 torres torre VERB bracis-33647 277 39 anchiêta anchiêta ADJ bracis-33647 277 40 view view NOUN bracis-33647 277 41 author author NOUN bracis-33647 277 42 profile profile NOUN bracis-33647 277 43 search search NOUN bracis-33647 277 44 search search NOUN bracis-33647 277 45 by by ADP bracis-33647 277 46 keyword keyword NOUN bracis-33647 277 47 or or CCONJ bracis-33647 277 48 author author NOUN bracis-33647 277 49 search search NOUN bracis-33647 277 50 navigation navigation NOUN bracis-33647 277 51 find find VERB bracis-33647 277 52 a a DET bracis-33647 277 53 journal journal NOUN bracis-33647 277 54 publish publish VERB bracis-33647 277 55 with with ADP bracis-33647 277 56 us we PRON bracis-33647 277 57 track track VERB bracis-33647 277 58 your your PRON bracis-33647 277 59 research research NOUN bracis-33647 277 60 discover discover VERB bracis-33647 277 61 content content NOUN bracis-33647 277 62 journals journal NOUN bracis-33647 277 63 a a DET bracis-33647 277 64 - 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