id sid tid token lemma pos bracis-33649 1 1 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 1 2 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 1 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 1 4 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 1 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 1 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 1 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 1 8     SPACE bracis-33649 1 9 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 1 10 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33649 1 11 | | ADV bracis-33649 1 12 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 1 13 nature nature PROPN bracis-33649 1 14 link link PROPN bracis-33649 1 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 1 16 formerly formerly ADV bracis-33649 1 17 springerlink springerlink NOUN bracis-33649 1 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 1 19 skip skip VERB bracis-33649 1 20 to to ADP bracis-33649 1 21 main main ADJ bracis-33649 1 22 content content NOUN bracis-33649 1 23 advertisement advertisement NOUN bracis-33649 1 24 log log NOUN bracis-33649 1 25 in in ADP bracis-33649 1 26 menu menu NOUN bracis-33649 1 27 find find VERB bracis-33649 1 28 a a DET bracis-33649 1 29 journal journal NOUN bracis-33649 1 30 publish publish VERB bracis-33649 1 31 with with ADP bracis-33649 1 32 us we PRON bracis-33649 1 33 track track VERB bracis-33649 1 34 your your PRON bracis-33649 1 35 research research NOUN bracis-33649 1 36 search search NOUN bracis-33649 1 37 cart cart NOUN bracis-33649 1 38 home home NOUN bracis-33649 1 39 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33649 1 40 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 1 41 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 1 42 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 1 43 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 1 44 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 1 45 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 1 46 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 1 47 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 1 48 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 1 49 for for ADP bracis-33649 1 50     SPACE bracis-33649 1 51 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 1 52 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 1 53 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 1 54 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 1 55 first first ADV bracis-33649 1 56 online online ADV bracis-33649 1 57 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 1 58 31 31 NUM bracis-33649 1 59 january january NOUN bracis-33649 1 60 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 1 61 pp pp CCONJ bracis-33649 1 62 46–60 46–60 PROPN bracis-33649 1 63 cite cite VERB bracis-33649 1 64 this this DET bracis-33649 1 65 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 1 66 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 1 67 access access NOUN bracis-33649 1 68 provided provide VERB bracis-33649 1 69 by by ADP bracis-33649 1 70 university university PROPN bracis-33649 1 71 of of ADP bracis-33649 1 72 notre notre PROPN bracis-33649 1 73 dame dame PROPN bracis-33649 1 74 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33649 1 75 library library PROPN bracis-33649 1 76 download download PROPN bracis-33649 1 77 book book NOUN bracis-33649 1 78 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33649 1 79 download download NOUN bracis-33649 1 80 book book NOUN bracis-33649 1 81 epub epub PROPN bracis-33649 1 82 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33649 1 83 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 1 84 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 1 85 bracis bracis NOUN bracis-33649 1 86 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 1 87 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 1 88 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 1 89 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 1 90 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 1 91 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 1 92 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 1 93 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 1 94 for for ADP bracis-33649 1 95     SPACE bracis-33649 1 96 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 1 97 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 1 98 download download NOUN bracis-33649 1 99 book book NOUN bracis-33649 1 100 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33649 1 101 download download NOUN bracis-33649 1 102 book book PROPN bracis-33649 1 103 epub epub PROPN bracis-33649 1 104 joão joão PROPN bracis-33649 1 105 gabriel gabriel PROPN bracis-33649 1 106 de de PROPN bracis-33649 1 107 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 1 108 pinto pinto PROPN bracis-33649 1 109     SPACE bracis-33649 1 110 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33649 1 111 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 1 112 orcid.org/0009-0006-7133-30749,10 orcid.org/0009-0006-7133-30749,10 ADV bracis-33649 1 113 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 1 114 andrey andrey PROPN bracis-33649 1 115 rodrigues rodrigues PROPN bracis-33649 1 116 de de PROPN bracis-33649 1 117 freitas freitas PROPN bracis-33649 1 118     SPACE bracis-33649 1 119 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33649 1 120 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 1 orcid.org/0009-0008-6511-32489 orcid.org/0009-0008-6511-32489 PROPN bracis-33649 2 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 3 anderson anderson PROPN bracis-33649 2 4 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-33649 2 5 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-33649 2 6 martins martins PROPN bracis-33649 2 7     SPACE bracis-33649 2 8 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33649 2 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 10 orcid.org/0009-0001-4637-030111 orcid.org/0009-0001-4637-030111 ADJ bracis-33649 2 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 12 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 2 13 midori midori PROPN bracis-33649 2 14 rozza rozza PROPN bracis-33649 2 15 sawazaki sawazaki NOUN bracis-33649 2 16     SPACE bracis-33649 2 17 orcid orcid NOUN bracis-33649 2 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 19 orcid.org/0009-0008-2251-11319 orcid.org/0009-0008-2251-11319 PROPN bracis-33649 2 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 21 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 2 22 vidal vidal PROPN bracis-33649 2 23     SPACE bracis-33649 2 24 orcid orcid PROPN bracis-33649 2 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 26 orcid.org/0009-0003-6904-27199 orcid.org/0009-0003-6904-27199 PROPN bracis-33649 2 27 & & CCONJ bracis-33649 2 28 … … PUNCT bracis-33649 2 29 lucas lucas PROPN bracis-33649 2 30 emanuel emanuel PROPN bracis-33649 2 31 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 2 32 e e PROPN bracis-33649 2 33 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 2 34     SPACE bracis-33649 2 35 orcid orcid PROPN bracis-33649 2 36 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 37 orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-50879,10 orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-50879,10 PROPN bracis-33649 2 38     SPACE bracis-33649 2 39 show show VERB bracis-33649 2 40 authors author NOUN bracis-33649 2 41 part part NOUN bracis-33649 2 42 of of ADP bracis-33649 2 43 the the DET bracis-33649 2 44 book book NOUN bracis-33649 2 45 series series NOUN bracis-33649 2 46 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 47 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33649 2 48 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 2 49 in in ADP bracis-33649 2 50 computer computer NOUN bracis-33649 2 51 science science NOUN bracis-33649 2 52 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 2 53 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 2 54 lnai lnai ADJ bracis-33649 2 55 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 56 volume volume NOUN bracis-33649 2 57 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33649 2 58 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 2 59 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 2 60 included include VERB bracis-33649 2 61 in in ADP bracis-33649 2 62 the the DET bracis-33649 2 63 following follow VERB bracis-33649 2 64 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 2 65 series series NOUN bracis-33649 2 66 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 2 67 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 2 68 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 2 69 on on ADP bracis-33649 2 70 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33649 2 71 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 2 72 272 272 NUM bracis-33649 2 73 accesses access VERB bracis-33649 2 74 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 2 75 citation citation NOUN bracis-33649 2 76 abstract abstract NOUN bracis-33649 2 77 in in ADP bracis-33649 2 78 this this DET bracis-33649 2 79 study study NOUN bracis-33649 2 80 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 81 we we PRON bracis-33649 2 82 developed develop VERB bracis-33649 2 83 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 2 84 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 2 85 two two NUM bracis-33649 2 86 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 2 87 large large ADJ bracis-33649 2 88 language language NOUN bracis-33649 2 89 models model NOUN bracis-33649 2 90 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 91 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 2 92 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 93 br br ADP bracis-33649 2 94 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 95 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 2 96 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 97 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 2 98 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 2 99 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 2 100 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 101 br br ADP bracis-33649 2 102 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 103 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 2 104 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 2 105 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 2 106 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 2 107 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33649 2 108 designed design VERB bracis-33649 2 109 for for ADP bracis-33649 2 110 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 2 111 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 2 112 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 3 1 utilizing utilize VERB bracis-33649 3 2 the the DET bracis-33649 3 3 low low ADJ bracis-33649 3 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 3 5 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 3 6 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 3 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 3 8 lora lora NOUN bracis-33649 3 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 3 10 technique technique NOUN bracis-33649 3 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 3 12 our our PRON bracis-33649 3 13 models model NOUN bracis-33649 3 14 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33649 3 15 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 3 16 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 3 17 in in ADP bracis-33649 3 18 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 3 19 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 3 20 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 3 21 text text NOUN bracis-33649 3 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 3 23 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 3 24 in in ADP bracis-33649 3 25 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 3 26 of of ADP bracis-33649 3 27 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 3 28 of of ADP bracis-33649 3 29 format format NOUN bracis-33649 3 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 3 31 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 3 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 3 33 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 3 34 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 3 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 3 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 3 37 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 3 38 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 3 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 4 1 the the DET bracis-33649 4 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 4 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 4 4 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33649 4 5 by by ADP bracis-33649 4 6 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 4 7 students student NOUN bracis-33649 4 8 using use VERB bracis-33649 4 9 a a DET bracis-33649 4 10 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 4 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 4 12 point point NOUN bracis-33649 4 13 likert likert ADJ bracis-33649 4 14 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 4 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 4 16 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 4 17 the the DET bracis-33649 4 18 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-33649 4 19 of of ADP bracis-33649 4 20 our our PRON bracis-33649 4 21 approach approach NOUN bracis-33649 4 22 compared compare VERB bracis-33649 4 23 to to ADP bracis-33649 4 24 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33649 4 25 models model NOUN bracis-33649 4 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 5 1 the the DET bracis-33649 5 2 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 5 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33649 5 4 superior superior ADJ bracis-33649 5 5 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 5 6 compared compare VERB bracis-33649 5 7 to to ADP bracis-33649 5 8 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33649 5 9 models model NOUN bracis-33649 5 10 such such ADJ bracis-33649 5 11 as as ADP bracis-33649 5 12 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 5 13 - - SYM bracis-33649 5 14 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 5 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 5 16 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 5 17 - - NOUN bracis-33649 5 18 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 5 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 6 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 6 2 results result NOUN bracis-33649 6 3 suggest suggest VERB bracis-33649 6 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 6 5 these these DET bracis-33649 6 6 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 6 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 6 8 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 6 9 models model NOUN bracis-33649 6 10 can can AUX bracis-33649 6 11 effectively effectively ADV bracis-33649 6 12 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 6 13 clinically clinically ADV bracis-33649 6 14 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33649 6 15 text text NOUN bracis-33649 6 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 6 17 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-33649 6 18 high high ADJ bracis-33649 6 19 standards standard NOUN bracis-33649 6 20 of of ADP bracis-33649 6 21 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 6 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 6 23 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 6 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 6 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 6 26 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 6 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 7 1 future future ADJ bracis-33649 7 2 work work NOUN bracis-33649 7 3 will will AUX bracis-33649 7 4 focus focus VERB bracis-33649 7 5 on on ADP bracis-33649 7 6 expanding expand VERB bracis-33649 7 7 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33649 7 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 7 9 refining refining NOUN bracis-33649 7 10 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 7 11 protocols protocol NOUN bracis-33649 7 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 7 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 7 14 enhancing enhance VERB bracis-33649 7 15 model model NOUN bracis-33649 7 16 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33649 7 17 to to PART bracis-33649 7 18 further far ADV bracis-33649 7 19 improve improve VERB bracis-33649 7 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 7 21 across across ADP bracis-33649 7 22 various various ADJ bracis-33649 7 23 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 7 24 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 7 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 8 1 access access NOUN bracis-33649 8 2 provided provide VERB bracis-33649 8 3 by by ADP bracis-33649 8 4 university university PROPN bracis-33649 8 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 8 6 notre notre PROPN bracis-33649 8 7 dame dame PROPN bracis-33649 8 8 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33649 8 9 library library PROPN bracis-33649 8 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 9 1 download download PROPN bracis-33649 9 2 conference conference NOUN bracis-33649 9 3 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 9 4 pdf pdf NOUN bracis-33649 9 5 similar similar ADJ bracis-33649 9 6 content content NOUN bracis-33649 9 7 being be AUX bracis-33649 9 8 viewed view VERB bracis-33649 9 9 by by ADP bracis-33649 9 10 others other NOUN bracis-33649 9 11 human human ADJ bracis-33649 9 12 level level NOUN bracis-33649 9 13 information information NOUN bracis-33649 9 14 extraction extraction NOUN bracis-33649 9 15 from from ADP bracis-33649 9 16 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 9 17 reports report NOUN bracis-33649 9 18 with with ADP bracis-33649 9 19 finetuned finetune VERB bracis-33649 9 20 language language NOUN bracis-33649 9 21 models model NOUN bracis-33649 9 22 article article NOUN bracis-33649 9 23 open open ADJ bracis-33649 9 24 access access NOUN bracis-33649 9 25 24 24 NUM bracis-33649 9 26 november november PROPN bracis-33649 9 27 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 9 28 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 9 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 9 30 mitigation mitigation NOUN bracis-33649 9 31 of of ADP bracis-33649 9 32 the the DET bracis-33649 9 33 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33649 9 34 of of ADP bracis-33649 9 35 large large ADJ bracis-33649 9 36 language language NOUN bracis-33649 9 37 models model NOUN bracis-33649 9 38 in in ADP bracis-33649 9 39 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 9 40 decision decision NOUN bracis-33649 9 41 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 9 42 making make VERB bracis-33649 9 43 article article NOUN bracis-33649 9 44 open open ADJ bracis-33649 9 45 access access NOUN bracis-33649 9 46 04 04 NUM bracis-33649 9 47 july july PROPN bracis-33649 9 48 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 9 49 the the DET bracis-33649 9 50 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-33649 9 51 of of ADP bracis-33649 9 52     SPACE bracis-33649 9 53 typical typical ADJ bracis-33649 9 54 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 9 55 cases case NOUN bracis-33649 9 56 through through ADP bracis-33649 9 57 optimized optimize VERB bracis-33649 9 58 fine fine ADJ bracis-33649 9 59 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 9 60 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 9 61 of of ADP bracis-33649 9 62     SPACE bracis-33649 9 63 large large ADJ bracis-33649 9 64 language language NOUN bracis-33649 9 65 models model NOUN bracis-33649 9 66 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33649 9 67 © © NOUN bracis-33649 9 68 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 9 69 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 9 70 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-33649 9 71 foundation foundation NOUN bracis-33649 9 72 models model NOUN bracis-33649 9 73 have have AUX bracis-33649 9 74 gained gain VERB bracis-33649 9 75 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 9 76 attention attention NOUN bracis-33649 9 77 for for ADP bracis-33649 9 78 their their PRON bracis-33649 9 79 strong strong ADJ bracis-33649 9 80 ability ability NOUN bracis-33649 9 81 to to PART bracis-33649 9 82 process process VERB bracis-33649 9 83 various various ADJ bracis-33649 9 84 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 9 85 types type NOUN bracis-33649 9 86 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 9 87 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 9 88 text text NOUN bracis-33649 9 89 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 10 1 large large ADJ bracis-33649 10 2 language language NOUN bracis-33649 10 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 10 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 10 5 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 10 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 10 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 10 8 a a DET bracis-33649 10 9 subset subset NOUN bracis-33649 10 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 10 11 these these DET bracis-33649 10 12 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33649 10 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 10 14 are be AUX bracis-33649 10 15 central central ADJ bracis-33649 10 16 in in ADP bracis-33649 10 17 natural natural ADJ bracis-33649 10 18 language language NOUN bracis-33649 10 19 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 10 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 10 21 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 10 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 10 23 research research NOUN bracis-33649 10 24 due due ADP bracis-33649 10 25 to to ADP bracis-33649 10 26 their their PRON bracis-33649 10 27 capability capability NOUN bracis-33649 10 28 to to PART bracis-33649 10 29 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 10 30 coherent coherent ADJ bracis-33649 10 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 10 32 contextually contextually ADV bracis-33649 10 33 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33649 10 34 text text NOUN bracis-33649 10 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 11 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 11 2 makes make VERB bracis-33649 11 3 them they PRON bracis-33649 11 4 instrumental instrumental ADJ bracis-33649 11 5 in in ADP bracis-33649 11 6 applications application NOUN bracis-33649 11 7 from from ADP bracis-33649 11 8 automated automate VERB bracis-33649 11 9 content content NOUN bracis-33649 11 10 creation creation NOUN bracis-33649 11 11 to to ADP bracis-33649 11 12 conversational conversational ADJ bracis-33649 11 13 agents agent NOUN bracis-33649 11 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 12 1 the the DET bracis-33649 12 2 versatility versatility NOUN bracis-33649 12 3 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 12 4 scalability scalability NOUN bracis-33649 12 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 12 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 12 7 highlight highlight VERB bracis-33649 12 8 their their PRON bracis-33649 12 9 potential potential NOUN bracis-33649 12 10 to to PART bracis-33649 12 11 revolutionize revolutionize VERB bracis-33649 12 12 interactions interaction NOUN bracis-33649 12 13 with with ADP bracis-33649 12 14 digital digital ADJ bracis-33649 12 15 information information NOUN bracis-33649 12 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 12 17 driving drive VERB bracis-33649 12 18 advancements advancement NOUN bracis-33649 12 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 12 20 ai ai NOUN bracis-33649 12 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 13 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 13 2 the the DET bracis-33649 13 3 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 13 4 field field NOUN bracis-33649 13 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 13 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 13 7 enhance enhance VERB bracis-33649 13 8 the the DET bracis-33649 13 9 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 13 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 13 11 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 13 12 of of ADP bracis-33649 13 13 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 13 14 decision decision NOUN bracis-33649 13 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 13 16 making make VERB bracis-33649 13 17 processes process NOUN bracis-33649 13 18 [ [ X bracis-33649 13 19 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 13 20 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 13 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 14 1 these these DET bracis-33649 14 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 14 3 excel excel VERB bracis-33649 14 4 in in ADP bracis-33649 14 5 interpreting interpret VERB bracis-33649 14 6 complex complex ADJ bracis-33649 14 7 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 14 8 language language NOUN bracis-33649 14 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 14 10 extracting extract VERB bracis-33649 14 11 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33649 14 12 information information NOUN bracis-33649 14 13 from from ADP bracis-33649 14 14 unstructured unstructured ADJ bracis-33649 14 15 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 14 16 [ [ X bracis-33649 14 17 29 29 NUM bracis-33649 14 18 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 14 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 14 20 aiding aid VERB bracis-33649 14 21 in in ADP bracis-33649 14 22 the the DET bracis-33649 14 23 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33649 14 24 of of ADP bracis-33649 14 25 patient patient ADJ bracis-33649 14 26 histories history NOUN bracis-33649 14 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 14 28 treatment treatment NOUN bracis-33649 14 29 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33649 14 30 [ [ X bracis-33649 14 31 29 29 NUM bracis-33649 14 32 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 14 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 15 1 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 15 2 streamline streamline VERB bracis-33649 15 3 administrative administrative ADJ bracis-33649 15 4 procedures procedure NOUN bracis-33649 15 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 15 6 support support VERB bracis-33649 15 7 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ bracis-33649 15 8 / / SYM bracis-33649 15 9 therapeutic therapeutic ADJ bracis-33649 15 10 decisions decision NOUN bracis-33649 15 11 [ [ X bracis-33649 15 12 28 28 NUM bracis-33649 15 13 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 15 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 15 15 potentially potentially ADV bracis-33649 15 16 improving improve VERB bracis-33649 15 17 patient patient ADJ bracis-33649 15 18 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33649 15 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 15 20 operational operational ADJ bracis-33649 15 21 efficiencies efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 15 22 [ [ X bracis-33649 15 23 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 15 24 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 15 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 16 1 for for ADP bracis-33649 16 2 example example NOUN bracis-33649 16 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 16 4 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 16 5 like like ADP bracis-33649 16 6 med med ADJ bracis-33649 16 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 16 8 palm palm NOUN bracis-33649 16 9 can can AUX bracis-33649 16 10 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33649 16 11 passing passing NOUN bracis-33649 16 12 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 16 13 on on ADP bracis-33649 16 14 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 16 15 licensing licensing NOUN bracis-33649 16 16 exams exam NOUN bracis-33649 16 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 16 18 showcasing showcase VERB bracis-33649 16 19 their their PRON bracis-33649 16 20 potential potential NOUN bracis-33649 16 21 in in ADP bracis-33649 16 22 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 16 23 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 16 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 16 25 question question NOUN bracis-33649 16 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 16 27 answering answer VERB bracis-33649 16 28 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 16 29 [ [ X bracis-33649 16 30 29 29 NUM bracis-33649 16 31 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 16 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 17 1 they they PRON bracis-33649 17 2 also also ADV bracis-33649 17 3 extract extract VERB bracis-33649 17 4 structured structured ADJ bracis-33649 17 5 information information NOUN bracis-33649 17 6 from from ADP bracis-33649 17 7 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 17 8 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 17 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 17 10 reports report NOUN bracis-33649 17 11 in in ADP bracis-33649 17 12 various various ADJ bracis-33649 17 13 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 17 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 17 15 enhancing enhance VERB bracis-33649 17 16 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ bracis-33649 17 17 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 17 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 17 19 aiding aid VERB bracis-33649 17 20 in in ADP bracis-33649 17 21 health health NOUN bracis-33649 17 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 17 23 related relate VERB bracis-33649 17 24 information information NOUN bracis-33649 17 25 dissemination dissemination NOUN bracis-33649 17 26 [ [ X bracis-33649 17 27 28 28 NUM bracis-33649 17 28 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 17 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 18 1 the the DET bracis-33649 18 2 lack lack NOUN bracis-33649 18 3 of of ADP bracis-33649 18 4 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 18 5 in in ADP bracis-33649 18 6 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 18 7 other other ADJ bracis-33649 18 8 than than ADP bracis-33649 18 9 english english PROPN bracis-33649 18 10 is be AUX bracis-33649 18 11 a a DET bracis-33649 18 12 persistent persistent ADJ bracis-33649 18 13 issue issue NOUN bracis-33649 18 14 in in ADP bracis-33649 18 15 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 18 16 research research NOUN bracis-33649 18 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 18 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 18 19 the the DET bracis-33649 18 20 development development NOUN bracis-33649 18 21 of of ADP bracis-33649 18 22 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 18 23 is be AUX bracis-33649 18 24 no no DET bracis-33649 18 25 exception exception NOUN bracis-33649 18 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 19 1 this this DET bracis-33649 19 2 gap gap NOUN bracis-33649 19 3 is be AUX bracis-33649 19 4 further far ADV bracis-33649 19 5 worsened worsen VERB bracis-33649 19 6 by by ADP bracis-33649 19 7 the the DET bracis-33649 19 8 substantial substantial ADJ bracis-33649 19 9 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 19 10 power power NOUN bracis-33649 19 11 required require VERB bracis-33649 19 12 to to PART bracis-33649 19 13 train train VERB bracis-33649 19 14 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 19 15 from from ADP bracis-33649 19 16 scratch scratch NOUN bracis-33649 19 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 19 18 a a DET bracis-33649 19 19 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 19 20 predominantly predominantly ADV bracis-33649 19 21 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 19 22 to to ADP bracis-33649 19 23 large large ADJ bracis-33649 19 24 corporations corporation NOUN bracis-33649 19 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 20 1 it it PRON bracis-33649 20 2 is be AUX bracis-33649 20 3 essential essential ADJ bracis-33649 20 4 to to PART bracis-33649 20 5 find find VERB bracis-33649 20 6 ways way NOUN bracis-33649 20 7 to to PART bracis-33649 20 8 make make VERB bracis-33649 20 9 these these DET bracis-33649 20 10 technologies technology NOUN bracis-33649 20 11 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 20 12 to to ADP bracis-33649 20 13 the the DET bracis-33649 20 14 research research NOUN bracis-33649 20 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 20 16 academic academic ADJ bracis-33649 20 17 community community NOUN bracis-33649 20 18 by by ADP bracis-33649 20 19 leveraging leverage VERB bracis-33649 20 20 publicly publicly ADV bracis-33649 20 21 available available ADJ bracis-33649 20 22 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 20 23 models model NOUN bracis-33649 20 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 20 25 adapting adapt VERB bracis-33649 20 26 them they PRON bracis-33649 20 27 to to ADP bracis-33649 20 28 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 20 29 contexts contexts NOUN bracis-33649 20 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 21 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 21 2 this this DET bracis-33649 21 3 work work NOUN bracis-33649 21 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 21 5 we we PRON bracis-33649 21 6 focus focus VERB bracis-33649 21 7 on on ADP bracis-33649 21 8 creating create VERB bracis-33649 21 9 a a DET bracis-33649 21 10 useful useful ADJ bracis-33649 21 11 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 21 12 llm llm NOUN bracis-33649 21 13 for for ADP bracis-33649 21 14 the the DET bracis-33649 21 15 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 21 16 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 21 17 language language NOUN bracis-33649 21 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 21 19 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 21 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 21 21 br br NOUN bracis-33649 21 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 21 23 using use VERB bracis-33649 21 24 minimal minimal ADJ bracis-33649 21 25 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 21 26 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 21 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 22 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 22 2 methodology methodology NOUN bracis-33649 22 3 involved involve VERB bracis-33649 22 4 continuing continue VERB bracis-33649 22 5 the the DET bracis-33649 22 6 pre pre NOUN bracis-33649 22 7 - - NOUN bracis-33649 22 8 training training ADJ bracis-33649 22 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 22 10 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 22 11 unsupervised unsupervised ADJ bracis-33649 22 12 fine fine ADJ bracis-33649 22 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 22 14 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 22 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 22 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 22 17 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 22 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 22 19 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 22 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 22 21 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 22 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 22 23 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 22 24 base base NOUN bracis-33649 22 25 models model NOUN bracis-33649 22 26 using use VERB bracis-33649 22 27 three three NUM bracis-33649 22 28 different different ADJ bracis-33649 22 29 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33649 22 30 of of ADP bracis-33649 22 31 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 22 32 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 22 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 23 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 23 2 applied apply VERB bracis-33649 23 3 the the DET bracis-33649 23 4 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 23 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 23 6 low low ADJ bracis-33649 23 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 23 8 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 23 9 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 23 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 23 11 technique technique NOUN bracis-33649 23 12 to to PART bracis-33649 23 13 enhance enhance VERB bracis-33649 23 14 the the DET bracis-33649 23 15 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 23 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 23 17 this this DET bracis-33649 23 18 process process NOUN bracis-33649 23 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 24 1 the the DET bracis-33649 24 2 new new ADJ bracis-33649 24 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 24 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 24 5 called call VERB bracis-33649 24 6 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 24 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 8 br br ADP bracis-33649 24 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 10 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 24 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 12 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 24 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 24 14 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 24 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 16 br br ADP bracis-33649 24 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 18 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 24 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 24 20 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 24 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 24 22 were be AUX bracis-33649 24 23 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 24 24 on on ADP bracis-33649 24 25 their their PRON bracis-33649 24 26 ability ability NOUN bracis-33649 24 27 to to PART bracis-33649 24 28 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 24 29 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 24 30 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 24 31 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 24 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 24 33 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 24 34 results result NOUN bracis-33649 24 35 showed show VERB bracis-33649 24 36 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 24 37 our our PRON bracis-33649 24 38 models model NOUN bracis-33649 24 39 outperformed outperform VERB bracis-33649 24 40 other other ADJ bracis-33649 24 41 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33649 24 42 models model NOUN bracis-33649 24 43 in in ADP bracis-33649 24 44 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 24 45 clinically clinically ADV bracis-33649 24 46 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33649 24 47 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 24 48 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 25 1 this this DET bracis-33649 25 2 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-33649 25 3 is be AUX bracis-33649 25 4 part part NOUN bracis-33649 25 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 25 6 a a DET bracis-33649 25 7 collaborative collaborative ADJ bracis-33649 25 8 project project NOUN bracis-33649 25 9 between between ADP bracis-33649 25 10 hailab hailab NOUN bracis-33649 25 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 25 12 comsentimento comsentimento PROPN bracis-33649 25 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 25 14 named name VERB bracis-33649 25 15 med me VERB bracis-33649 25 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 25 17 llm llm NOUN bracis-33649 25 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 25 19 brfootnote brfootnote ADJ bracis-33649 25 20 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 25 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 25 22 which which PRON bracis-33649 25 23 aims aim VERB bracis-33649 25 24 to to PART bracis-33649 25 25 develop develop VERB bracis-33649 25 26 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33649 25 27 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 25 28 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 25 29 for for ADP bracis-33649 25 30 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 25 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 25 32 br br NOUN bracis-33649 25 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 25 34 including include VERB bracis-33649 25 35 base base NOUN bracis-33649 25 36 models model NOUN bracis-33649 25 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 25 38 task task NOUN bracis-33649 25 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 25 40 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 25 41 models model NOUN bracis-33649 25 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 25 43 with with ADP bracis-33649 25 44 different different ADJ bracis-33649 25 45 sizes size NOUN bracis-33649 25 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 26 1 to to ADP bracis-33649 26 2 the the DET bracis-33649 26 3 best good ADJ bracis-33649 26 4 of of ADP bracis-33649 26 5 our our PRON bracis-33649 26 6 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 26 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 26 8 this this PRON bracis-33649 26 9 is be AUX bracis-33649 26 10 the the DET bracis-33649 26 11 first first ADJ bracis-33649 26 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 26 13 llm llm PROPN bracis-33649 26 14 model model NOUN bracis-33649 26 15 publicly publicly ADV bracis-33649 26 16 available available ADJ bracis-33649 26 17 for for ADP bracis-33649 26 18 the the DET bracis-33649 26 19 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 26 20 language language NOUN bracis-33649 26 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 27 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 27 2 work work NOUN bracis-33649 27 3 addresses address VERB bracis-33649 27 4 the the DET bracis-33649 27 5 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 27 6 needs need NOUN bracis-33649 27 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 27 8 gaps gap NOUN bracis-33649 27 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 27 10 the the DET bracis-33649 27 11 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 27 12 health health NOUN bracis-33649 27 13 informatics informatics PROPN bracis-33649 27 14 community community NOUN bracis-33649 27 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 27 16 providing provide VERB bracis-33649 27 17 a a DET bracis-33649 27 18 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-33649 27 19 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 27 20 for for ADP bracis-33649 27 21 clinicians clinician NOUN bracis-33649 27 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 27 23 researchers researcher NOUN bracis-33649 27 24 to to PART bracis-33649 27 25 utilize utilize VERB bracis-33649 27 26 in in ADP bracis-33649 27 27 their their PRON bracis-33649 27 28 healthcare healthcare NOUN bracis-33649 27 29 ai ai NOUN bracis-33649 27 30 projects project NOUN bracis-33649 27 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 28 1 by by ADP bracis-33649 28 2 overcoming overcome VERB bracis-33649 28 3 linguistic linguistic ADJ bracis-33649 28 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 28 5 technical technical ADJ bracis-33649 28 6 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33649 28 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 28 8 we we PRON bracis-33649 28 9 contribute contribute VERB bracis-33649 28 10 to to ADP bracis-33649 28 11 the the DET bracis-33649 28 12 broader broad ADJ bracis-33649 28 13 field field NOUN bracis-33649 28 14 of of ADP bracis-33649 28 15 natural natural ADJ bracis-33649 28 16 language language NOUN bracis-33649 28 17 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 28 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 28 19 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 28 20 informatics informatic NOUN bracis-33649 28 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 28 22 highlighting highlight VERB bracis-33649 28 23 the the DET bracis-33649 28 24 significance significance NOUN bracis-33649 28 25 of of ADP bracis-33649 28 26 domain domain NOUN bracis-33649 28 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 28 28 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 28 29 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 28 30 in in ADP bracis-33649 28 31 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 28 32 language language NOUN bracis-33649 28 33 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 28 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 29 1 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 29 2 related related ADJ bracis-33649 29 3 work work NOUN bracis-33649 29 4 the the DET bracis-33649 29 5 development development NOUN bracis-33649 29 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 29 7 large large ADJ bracis-33649 29 8 language language NOUN bracis-33649 29 9 models model NOUN bracis-33649 29 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 29 11 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 29 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 29 13 has have AUX bracis-33649 29 14 revolutionized revolutionize VERB bracis-33649 29 15 natural natural ADJ bracis-33649 29 16 language language NOUN bracis-33649 29 17 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 29 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 29 19 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 29 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 29 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 29 22 especially especially ADV bracis-33649 29 23 in in ADP bracis-33649 29 24 the the DET bracis-33649 29 25 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 29 26 field field NOUN bracis-33649 29 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 30 1 this this DET bracis-33649 30 2 section section NOUN bracis-33649 30 3 reviews review VERB bracis-33649 30 4 advancements advancement NOUN bracis-33649 30 5 in in ADP bracis-33649 30 6 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33649 30 7 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33649 30 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 30 9 the the DET bracis-33649 30 10 importance importance NOUN bracis-33649 30 11 of of ADP bracis-33649 30 12 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33649 30 13 learning learning NOUN bracis-33649 30 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 30 15 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 30 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 30 17 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 30 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 30 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 30 20 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 30 21 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33649 30 22 for for ADP bracis-33649 30 23 optimizing optimize VERB bracis-33649 30 24 these these DET bracis-33649 30 25 models model NOUN bracis-33649 30 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 31 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 31 2 examine examine VERB bracis-33649 31 3 key key ADJ bracis-33649 31 4 initiatives initiative NOUN bracis-33649 31 5 in in ADP bracis-33649 31 6 other other ADJ bracis-33649 31 7 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 31 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 31 9 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 31 10 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 31 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 31 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 31 13 highlight highlight VERB bracis-33649 31 14 prominent prominent ADJ bracis-33649 31 15 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 31 16 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 31 17 to to PART bracis-33649 31 18 provide provide VERB bracis-33649 31 19 context context NOUN bracis-33649 31 20 for for ADP bracis-33649 31 21 our our PRON bracis-33649 31 22 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 31 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 31 24 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 31 25 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 31 26 llm llm NOUN bracis-33649 31 27 for for ADP bracis-33649 31 28 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 31 29 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 31 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 32 1 the the DET bracis-33649 32 2 advent advent NOUN bracis-33649 32 3 of of ADP bracis-33649 32 4 transformers transformer NOUN bracis-33649 32 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 32 6 introduced introduce VERB bracis-33649 32 7 by by ADP bracis-33649 32 8 vaswani vaswani PROPN bracis-33649 32 9 et et PROPN bracis-33649 32 10 al al PROPN bracis-33649 32 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 33 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 33 2 26 26 NUM bracis-33649 33 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 33 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 33 5 revolutionized revolutionize VERB bracis-33649 33 6 the the DET bracis-33649 33 7 field field NOUN bracis-33649 33 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 33 9 natural natural ADJ bracis-33649 33 10 language language NOUN bracis-33649 33 11 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 33 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 33 13 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 33 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 33 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 34 1 this this DET bracis-33649 34 2 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33649 34 3 uses use VERB bracis-33649 34 4 self self NOUN bracis-33649 34 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 34 6 attention attention NOUN bracis-33649 34 7 mechanisms mechanism NOUN bracis-33649 34 8 to to PART bracis-33649 34 9 handle handle VERB bracis-33649 34 10 long long ADJ bracis-33649 34 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 34 12 range range NOUN bracis-33649 34 13 dependencies dependency NOUN bracis-33649 34 14 in in ADP bracis-33649 34 15 text text NOUN bracis-33649 34 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 34 17 significantly significantly ADV bracis-33649 34 18 improving improve VERB bracis-33649 34 19 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 34 20 over over ADP bracis-33649 34 21 previous previous ADJ bracis-33649 34 22 recurrent recurrent ADJ bracis-33649 34 23 neural neural ADJ bracis-33649 34 24 network network NOUN bracis-33649 34 25 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 34 26 rnn rnn PROPN bracis-33649 34 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 34 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 34 29 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-33649 34 30 neural neural ADJ bracis-33649 34 31 network network NOUN bracis-33649 34 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 34 33 cnn cnn PROPN bracis-33649 34 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 34 35 models model NOUN bracis-33649 34 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 35 1 transformers transformer NOUN bracis-33649 35 2 can can AUX bracis-33649 35 3 be be AUX bracis-33649 35 4 configured configure VERB bracis-33649 35 5 as as ADP bracis-33649 35 6 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33649 35 7 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 35 8 decoder decoder NOUN bracis-33649 35 9 models model NOUN bracis-33649 35 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 35 11 supporting support VERB bracis-33649 35 12 both both CCONJ bracis-33649 35 13 generative generative ADJ bracis-33649 35 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 35 15 non non ADJ bracis-33649 35 16 - - ADJ bracis-33649 35 17 generative generative ADJ bracis-33649 35 18 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 35 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 36 1 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33649 36 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 36 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 36 4 like like ADP bracis-33649 36 5 bert bert PROPN bracis-33649 37 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 37 2 7 7 NUM bracis-33649 37 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 37 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 37 5 focus focus VERB bracis-33649 37 6 on on ADP bracis-33649 37 7 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33649 37 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 37 9 encoding encode VERB bracis-33649 37 10 input input NOUN bracis-33649 37 11 text text NOUN bracis-33649 37 12 into into ADP bracis-33649 37 13 a a DET bracis-33649 37 14 dense dense ADJ bracis-33649 37 15 representation representation NOUN bracis-33649 37 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 38 1 decoder decoder NOUN bracis-33649 38 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 38 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 38 4 such such ADJ bracis-33649 38 5 as as ADP bracis-33649 38 6 gpt-3 gpt-3 NUM bracis-33649 38 7 [ [ X bracis-33649 38 8 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 38 9 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 38 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 38 11 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 38 12 text text NOUN bracis-33649 38 13 based base VERB bracis-33649 38 14 on on ADP bracis-33649 38 15 an an DET bracis-33649 38 16 input input NOUN bracis-33649 38 17 sequence sequence NOUN bracis-33649 38 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 39 1 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33649 39 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 39 3 decoder decoder NOUN bracis-33649 39 4 models model NOUN bracis-33649 39 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 39 6 like like ADP bracis-33649 39 7 the the DET bracis-33649 39 8 original original ADJ bracis-33649 39 9 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33649 39 10 [ [ X bracis-33649 39 11 26 26 NUM bracis-33649 39 12 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 39 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 39 14 combine combine VERB bracis-33649 39 15 both both DET bracis-33649 39 16 functionalities functionality NOUN bracis-33649 39 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 39 18 are be AUX bracis-33649 39 19 effective effective ADJ bracis-33649 39 20 for for ADP bracis-33649 39 21 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 39 22 like like ADP bracis-33649 39 23 translation translation NOUN bracis-33649 39 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 39 25 summarization summarization NOUN bracis-33649 39 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 40 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 40 2 the the DET bracis-33649 40 3 context context NOUN bracis-33649 40 4 of of ADP bracis-33649 40 5 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33649 40 6 learning learning NOUN bracis-33649 40 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 40 8 it it PRON bracis-33649 40 9 ’s ’ VERB bracis-33649 40 10 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-33649 40 11 to to PART bracis-33649 40 12 distinguish distinguish VERB bracis-33649 40 13 between between ADP bracis-33649 40 14 base base NOUN bracis-33649 40 15 models model NOUN bracis-33649 40 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 40 17 task task NOUN bracis-33649 40 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 40 19 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 40 20 models model NOUN bracis-33649 40 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 41 1 base base NOUN bracis-33649 41 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 41 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 41 4 like like ADP bracis-33649 41 5 bert bert NOUN bracis-33649 41 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 41 7 gpt-3 gpt-3 NUM bracis-33649 41 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 41 9 are be AUX bracis-33649 41 10 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 41 11 - - VERB bracis-33649 41 12 trained train VERB bracis-33649 41 13 on on ADP bracis-33649 41 14 large large ADJ bracis-33649 41 15 corpora corpora NOUN bracis-33649 41 16 to to PART bracis-33649 41 17 learn learn VERB bracis-33649 41 18 general general ADJ bracis-33649 41 19 language language NOUN bracis-33649 41 20 representations representation NOUN bracis-33649 41 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 42 1 these these DET bracis-33649 42 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 42 3 can can AUX bracis-33649 42 4 then then ADV bracis-33649 42 5 be be AUX bracis-33649 42 6 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 42 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 42 8 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 42 9 on on ADP bracis-33649 42 10 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 42 11 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 42 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 42 13 such such ADJ bracis-33649 42 14 as as ADP bracis-33649 42 15 sentiment sentiment NOUN bracis-33649 42 16 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 42 17 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 42 18 named name VERB bracis-33649 42 19 entity entity NOUN bracis-33649 42 20 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33649 42 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 42 22 to to PART bracis-33649 42 23 create create VERB bracis-33649 42 24 task task NOUN bracis-33649 42 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 42 26 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 42 27 models model NOUN bracis-33649 42 28 that that PRON bracis-33649 42 29 retain retain VERB bracis-33649 42 30 the the DET bracis-33649 42 31 general general ADJ bracis-33649 42 32 language language NOUN bracis-33649 42 33 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33649 42 34 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 42 35 being be AUX bracis-33649 42 36 optimized optimize VERB bracis-33649 42 37 for for ADP bracis-33649 42 38 particular particular ADJ bracis-33649 42 39 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 42 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 43 1 training training NOUN bracis-33649 43 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 43 3 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 43 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 43 5 tuning tune VERB bracis-33649 43 6 large large ADJ bracis-33649 43 7 language language NOUN bracis-33649 43 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 43 9 pose pose VERB bracis-33649 43 10 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 43 11 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 43 12 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33649 43 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 44 1 parameter parameter PROPN bracis-33649 44 2 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 44 3 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 44 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 44 5 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 44 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 44 7 peft peft ADJ bracis-33649 44 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 44 9 methods method NOUN bracis-33649 44 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 44 11 like like ADP bracis-33649 44 12 low low ADJ bracis-33649 44 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 44 14 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 44 15 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 44 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 44 17 lora lora NOUN bracis-33649 44 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 45 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 45 2 11 11 NUM bracis-33649 45 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 45 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 45 5 introduce introduce VERB bracis-33649 45 6 trainable trainable ADJ bracis-33649 45 7 low low ADJ bracis-33649 45 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 45 9 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 45 10 matrices matrix NOUN bracis-33649 45 11 into into ADP bracis-33649 45 12 each each DET bracis-33649 45 13 layer layer NOUN bracis-33649 45 14 of of ADP bracis-33649 45 15 a a DET bracis-33649 45 16 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 45 17 - - ADJ bracis-33649 45 18 trained train VERB bracis-33649 45 19 model model NOUN bracis-33649 45 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 45 21 reducing reduce VERB bracis-33649 45 22 trainable trainable ADJ bracis-33649 45 23 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33649 45 24 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 45 25 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-33649 45 26 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 45 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 45 28 lowering lower VERB bracis-33649 45 29 costs cost NOUN bracis-33649 45 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 46 1 models model NOUN bracis-33649 46 2 like like ADP bracis-33649 46 3 llama llama NOUN bracis-33649 46 4 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 47 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 47 2 25 25 NUM bracis-33649 47 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 47 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 47 5 mistral mistral ADJ bracis-33649 47 6 [ [ X bracis-33649 47 7 13 13 NUM bracis-33649 47 8 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 47 9 are be AUX bracis-33649 47 10 designed design VERB bracis-33649 47 11 for for ADP bracis-33649 47 12 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 47 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 47 14 training training NOUN bracis-33649 47 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 47 16 inference inference NOUN bracis-33649 47 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 48 1 llama llama PROPN bracis-33649 48 2 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 48 3 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 48 4 mistral mistral ADJ bracis-33649 48 5 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 48 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 48 7 offer offer VERB bracis-33649 48 8 superior superior ADJ bracis-33649 48 9 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 48 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 48 11 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 48 12 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 48 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 48 14 with with ADP bracis-33649 48 15 llama llama NOUN bracis-33649 48 16 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 48 17 excelling excelling NOUN bracis-33649 48 18 in in ADP bracis-33649 48 19 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 48 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 48 21 being be AUX bracis-33649 48 22 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 48 23 for for ADP bracis-33649 48 24 various various ADJ bracis-33649 48 25 applications application NOUN bracis-33649 48 26 due due ADP bracis-33649 48 27 to to ADP bracis-33649 48 28 its its PRON bracis-33649 48 29 smaller small ADJ bracis-33649 48 30 size size NOUN bracis-33649 48 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 49 1 mistral mistral ADJ bracis-33649 49 2 7b 7b PROPN bracis-33649 49 3 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 49 4 mixtral mixtral ADJ bracis-33649 49 5 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33649 49 6 uses use VERB bracis-33649 49 7 expert expert NOUN bracis-33649 49 8 mixture mixture NOUN bracis-33649 49 9 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33649 49 10 to to PART bracis-33649 49 11 enhance enhance VERB bracis-33649 49 12 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 49 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 49 14 scalability scalability NOUN bracis-33649 49 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 49 16 making make VERB bracis-33649 49 17 high high ADJ bracis-33649 49 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 49 19 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 49 20 llms llm VERB bracis-33649 49 21 more more ADV bracis-33649 49 22 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 49 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 49 24 practical practical ADJ bracis-33649 49 25 for for ADP bracis-33649 49 26 specialized specialized ADJ bracis-33649 49 27 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 49 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 50 1 by by ADP bracis-33649 50 2 utilizing utilize VERB bracis-33649 50 3 peft peft ADJ bracis-33649 50 4 methods method NOUN bracis-33649 50 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 50 6 it it PRON bracis-33649 50 7 is be AUX bracis-33649 50 8 possible possible ADJ bracis-33649 50 9 to to PART bracis-33649 50 10 adapt adapt VERB bracis-33649 50 11 large large ADJ bracis-33649 50 12 models model NOUN bracis-33649 50 13 like like ADP bracis-33649 50 14 those those PRON bracis-33649 50 15 aimed aim VERB bracis-33649 50 16 at at ADP bracis-33649 50 17 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 50 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 50 19 br br NOUN bracis-33649 50 20 more more ADV bracis-33649 50 21 efficiently efficiently ADV bracis-33649 50 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 50 23 enabling enable VERB bracis-33649 50 24 broader broad ADJ bracis-33649 50 25 application application NOUN bracis-33649 50 26 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33649 50 27 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 50 28 constraints constraint NOUN bracis-33649 50 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 51 1 these these DET bracis-33649 51 2 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33649 51 3 are be AUX bracis-33649 51 4 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-33649 51 5 for for ADP bracis-33649 51 6 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 51 7 specialized specialized ADJ bracis-33649 51 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 51 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 51 10 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 51 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 51 12 constrained constrain VERB bracis-33649 51 13 environments environment NOUN bracis-33649 51 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 51 15 ensuring ensure VERB bracis-33649 51 16 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 51 17 advancements advancement NOUN bracis-33649 51 18 in in ADP bracis-33649 51 19 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 51 20 are be AUX bracis-33649 51 21 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 51 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 51 23 applicable applicable ADJ bracis-33649 51 24 across across ADP bracis-33649 51 25 different different ADJ bracis-33649 51 26 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 51 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 51 28 domains domain NOUN bracis-33649 51 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 52 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 52 2 most most ADJ bracis-33649 52 3 large large ADJ bracis-33649 52 4 language language NOUN bracis-33649 52 5 models model NOUN bracis-33649 52 6 have have AUX bracis-33649 52 7 been be AUX bracis-33649 52 8 developed develop VERB bracis-33649 52 9 for for ADP bracis-33649 52 10 english english ADJ bracis-33649 52 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 52 12 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 52 13 efforts effort NOUN bracis-33649 52 14 have have AUX bracis-33649 52 15 been be AUX bracis-33649 52 16 made make VERB bracis-33649 52 17 to to PART bracis-33649 52 18 create create VERB bracis-33649 52 19 models model NOUN bracis-33649 52 20 for for ADP bracis-33649 52 21 other other ADJ bracis-33649 52 22 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 52 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 53 1 for for ADP bracis-33649 53 2 example example NOUN bracis-33649 53 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 53 4 mbert mbert NOUN bracis-33649 53 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 53 6 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 53 7 bert bert NOUN bracis-33649 53 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 53 9 handles handle VERB bracis-33649 53 10 104 104 NUM bracis-33649 53 11 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 53 12 by by ADP bracis-33649 53 13 training train VERB bracis-33649 53 14 on on ADP bracis-33649 53 15 a a DET bracis-33649 53 16 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 53 17 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 53 18 [ [ X bracis-33649 53 19 27 27 NUM bracis-33649 53 20 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 53 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 53 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 53 23 xlm xlm PROPN bracis-33649 53 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 53 25 r r NOUN bracis-33649 54 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 54 2 6 6 NUM bracis-33649 54 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 54 4 extends extend VERB bracis-33649 54 5 this this DET bracis-33649 54 6 idea idea NOUN bracis-33649 54 7 by by ADP bracis-33649 54 8 pre pre VERB bracis-33649 54 9 - - NOUN bracis-33649 54 10 training training NOUN bracis-33649 54 11 on on ADP bracis-33649 54 12 a a DET bracis-33649 54 13 massive massive ADJ bracis-33649 54 14 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 54 15 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 54 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 55 1 there there PRON bracis-33649 55 2 are be VERB bracis-33649 55 3 initiatives initiative NOUN bracis-33649 55 4 to to PART bracis-33649 55 5 develop develop VERB bracis-33649 55 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 55 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 55 8 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 55 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 55 10 br br NOUN bracis-33649 55 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 55 12 such such ADJ bracis-33649 55 13 as as ADP bracis-33649 55 14 sabiá sabiá NOUN bracis-33649 55 15 [ [ X bracis-33649 55 16 20 20 NUM bracis-33649 55 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 55 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 55 19 sabiá-2 sabiá-2 NUM bracis-33649 56 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 56 2 1 1 X bracis-33649 56 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 56 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 56 5 bode bode VERB bracis-33649 56 6 [ [ X bracis-33649 56 7 9 9 NUM bracis-33649 56 8 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 56 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 57 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 57 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 57 3 relatively relatively ADV bracis-33649 57 4 few few ADJ bracis-33649 57 5 models model NOUN bracis-33649 57 6 exist exist VERB bracis-33649 57 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 57 8 this this DET bracis-33649 57 9 language language NOUN bracis-33649 57 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 57 11 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33649 57 12 the the DET bracis-33649 57 13 large large ADJ bracis-33649 57 14 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 57 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 57 16 speaking speak VERB bracis-33649 57 17 population population NOUN bracis-33649 57 18 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 57 19 almost almost ADV bracis-33649 57 20 250 250 NUM bracis-33649 57 21 million million NUM bracis-33649 57 22 speakers speaker NOUN bracis-33649 57 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 57 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 58 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 58 2 the the DET bracis-33649 58 3 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 58 4 field field NOUN bracis-33649 58 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 58 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 58 7 like like ADP bracis-33649 58 8 biobert biobert NOUN bracis-33649 58 9 [ [ X bracis-33649 58 10 16 16 NUM bracis-33649 58 11 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 58 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 58 13 clinicalbert clinicalbert VERB bracis-33649 59 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 59 2 12 12 NUM bracis-33649 59 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 59 4 are be AUX bracis-33649 59 5 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 59 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 59 7 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 59 8 on on ADP bracis-33649 59 9 domain domain NOUN bracis-33649 59 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 59 11 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 59 12 corpora corpora NOUN bracis-33649 59 13 to to PART bracis-33649 59 14 capture capture VERB bracis-33649 59 15 the the DET bracis-33649 59 16 unique unique ADJ bracis-33649 59 17 terminology terminology NOUN bracis-33649 59 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 59 19 context context NOUN bracis-33649 59 20 of of ADP bracis-33649 59 21 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 59 22 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 59 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 60 1 med me VERB bracis-33649 60 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 60 3 bert bert PROPN bracis-33649 60 4 [ [ X bracis-33649 60 5 21 21 NUM bracis-33649 60 6 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 60 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 60 8 trained train VERB bracis-33649 60 9 on on ADP bracis-33649 60 10 electronic electronic ADJ bracis-33649 60 11 health health NOUN bracis-33649 60 12 records record NOUN bracis-33649 60 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 60 14 ehrs ehrs INTJ bracis-33649 60 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 60 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 60 17 predicts predict VERB bracis-33649 60 18 patient patient ADJ bracis-33649 60 19 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33649 60 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 60 21 assists assist NOUN bracis-33649 60 22 in in ADP bracis-33649 60 23 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 60 24 decision decision NOUN bracis-33649 60 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 60 26 making making NOUN bracis-33649 60 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 61 1 meditron meditron PROPN bracis-33649 61 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 61 3 biomistral biomistral NOUN bracis-33649 61 4 have have AUX bracis-33649 61 5 shown show VERB bracis-33649 61 6 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 61 7 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 61 8 gains gain NOUN bracis-33649 61 9 by by ADP bracis-33649 61 10 extending extend VERB bracis-33649 61 11 pre pre NOUN bracis-33649 61 12 - - NOUN bracis-33649 61 13 training training NOUN bracis-33649 61 14 on on ADP bracis-33649 61 15 curated curate VERB bracis-33649 61 16 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 61 17 corpora corpora NOUN bracis-33649 62 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 62 2 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 62 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 62 4 15 15 NUM bracis-33649 62 5 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 62 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 63 1 gatortrongpt gatortrongpt NOUN bracis-33649 63 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 63 3 trained train VERB bracis-33649 63 4 from from ADP bracis-33649 63 5 scratch scratch NOUN bracis-33649 63 6 using use VERB bracis-33649 63 7 277 277 NUM bracis-33649 63 8 billion billion NUM bracis-33649 63 9 words word NOUN bracis-33649 63 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 63 11 mixed mixed ADJ bracis-33649 63 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 63 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 63 14 english english ADJ bracis-33649 63 15 text text NOUN bracis-33649 63 16 with with ADP bracis-33649 63 17 a a DET bracis-33649 63 18 gpt-3 gpt-3 NOUN bracis-33649 63 19 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33649 63 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 63 21 improves improve VERB bracis-33649 63 22 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 63 23 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 63 24 for for ADP bracis-33649 63 25 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 63 26 research research NOUN bracis-33649 63 27 [ [ X bracis-33649 63 28 19 19 NUM bracis-33649 63 29 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 63 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 64 1 openbiollm-70b openbiollm-70b NOUN bracis-33649 64 2 leverages leverage VERB bracis-33649 64 3 the the DET bracis-33649 64 4 meta meta ADV bracis-33649 64 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 6 llama-3 llama-3 NOUN bracis-33649 64 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 8 70b 70b NOUN bracis-33649 64 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 10 instruct instruct NOUN bracis-33649 64 11 model model NOUN bracis-33649 64 12 to to PART bracis-33649 64 13 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33649 64 14 state state NOUN bracis-33649 64 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 64 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 18 the the DET bracis-33649 64 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 64 20 art art NOUN bracis-33649 64 21 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 64 22 on on ADP bracis-33649 64 23 various various ADJ bracis-33649 64 24 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 64 25 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 64 26 [ [ X bracis-33649 64 27 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 64 28 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 64 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 65 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 65 2 the the DET bracis-33649 65 3 pt pt PROPN bracis-33649 65 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 65 5 br br NOUN bracis-33649 65 6 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 65 7 context context NOUN bracis-33649 65 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 65 9 the the DET bracis-33649 65 10 two two NUM bracis-33649 65 11 main main ADJ bracis-33649 65 12 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 65 13 are be AUX bracis-33649 65 14 the the DET bracis-33649 65 15 biobertpt biobertpt NOUN bracis-33649 65 16 [ [ X bracis-33649 65 17 23 23 NUM bracis-33649 65 18 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 65 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 65 20 cardiobertpt cardiobertpt VERB bracis-33649 66 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 66 2 22 22 NUM bracis-33649 66 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 66 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 67 1 biobertpt biobertpt NOUN bracis-33649 67 2 is be AUX bracis-33649 67 3 a a DET bracis-33649 67 4 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 67 5 llm llm NOUN bracis-33649 67 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 67 7 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 67 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 67 9 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 67 10 from from ADP bracis-33649 67 11 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 67 12 bert bert NOUN bracis-33649 67 13 using use VERB bracis-33649 67 14 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 67 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 67 16 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 67 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 67 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 67 19 showing show VERB bracis-33649 67 20 promising promising ADJ bracis-33649 67 21 results result NOUN bracis-33649 67 22 in in ADP bracis-33649 67 23 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 67 24 text text NOUN bracis-33649 67 25 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 67 26 like like ADP bracis-33649 67 27 named name VERB bracis-33649 67 28 entity entity NOUN bracis-33649 67 29 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33649 67 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 67 31 negation negation NOUN bracis-33649 67 32 detection detection NOUN bracis-33649 67 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 68 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 68 2 cardiobertpt cardiobertpt NOUN bracis-33649 68 3 was be AUX bracis-33649 68 4 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 68 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 68 6 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 68 7 on on ADP bracis-33649 68 8 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 68 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 68 10 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33649 68 11 from from ADP bracis-33649 68 12 cardiology cardiology NOUN bracis-33649 68 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 69 1 the the DET bracis-33649 69 2 only only ADJ bracis-33649 69 3 available available ADJ bracis-33649 69 4 generative generative ADJ bracis-33649 69 5 model model NOUN bracis-33649 69 6 for for ADP bracis-33649 69 7 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 69 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 69 9 br br PROPN bracis-33649 69 10 is be AUX bracis-33649 69 11 gpt2 gpt2 PROPN bracis-33649 69 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 69 13 bio bio NOUN bracis-33649 69 14 - - NOUN bracis-33649 69 15 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 70 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 70 2 24 24 NUM bracis-33649 70 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 70 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 70 5 which which PRON bracis-33649 70 6 was be AUX bracis-33649 70 7 trained train VERB bracis-33649 70 8 exclusively exclusively ADV bracis-33649 70 9 on on ADP bracis-33649 70 10 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 70 11 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 70 12 from from ADP bracis-33649 70 13 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 70 14 articles article NOUN bracis-33649 70 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 71 1 the the DET bracis-33649 71 2 model model NOUN bracis-33649 71 3 has have VERB bracis-33649 71 4 several several ADJ bracis-33649 71 5 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33649 71 6 such such ADJ bracis-33649 71 7 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 71 8 to to PART bracis-33649 71 9 be be AUX bracis-33649 71 10 based base VERB bracis-33649 71 11 on on ADP bracis-33649 71 12 a a DET bracis-33649 71 13 model model NOUN bracis-33649 71 14 trained train VERB bracis-33649 71 15 on on ADP bracis-33649 71 16 automatically automatically ADV bracis-33649 71 17 translated translate VERB bracis-33649 71 18 text text NOUN bracis-33649 71 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 71 20 absence absence NOUN bracis-33649 71 21 of of ADP bracis-33649 71 22 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 71 23 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 71 24 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 71 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 71 26 small small ADJ bracis-33649 71 27 context context NOUN bracis-33649 71 28 window window NOUN bracis-33649 71 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 71 30 512 512 NUM bracis-33649 71 31 tokens token NOUN bracis-33649 71 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 71 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 72 1 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 72 2 method method NOUN bracis-33649 72 3 this this DET bracis-33649 72 4 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33649 72 5 describes describe VERB bracis-33649 72 6 our our PRON bracis-33649 72 7 methodology methodology NOUN bracis-33649 72 8 divided divide VERB bracis-33649 72 9 into into ADP bracis-33649 72 10 three three NUM bracis-33649 72 11 key key ADJ bracis-33649 72 12 steps step NOUN bracis-33649 72 13 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 72 14 data data NOUN bracis-33649 72 15 acquisition acquisition NOUN bracis-33649 72 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 72 17 model model NOUN bracis-33649 72 18 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33649 72 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 72 20 training training NOUN bracis-33649 72 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 72 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 72 23 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33649 72 24 setup setup NOUN bracis-33649 72 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 73 1 each each DET bracis-33649 73 2 subsection subsection NOUN bracis-33649 73 3 details detail VERB bracis-33649 73 4 the the DET bracis-33649 73 5 processes process NOUN bracis-33649 73 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 73 7 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33649 73 8 employed employ VERB bracis-33649 73 9 to to PART bracis-33649 73 10 build build VERB bracis-33649 73 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 73 12 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33649 73 13 our our PRON bracis-33649 73 14 models model NOUN bracis-33649 73 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 74 1 3.1 3.1 NUM bracis-33649 74 2 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 74 3 acquisition acquisition NOUN bracis-33649 74 4 our our PRON bracis-33649 74 5 project project NOUN bracis-33649 74 6 combined combine VERB bracis-33649 74 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 74 8 from from ADP bracis-33649 74 9 three three NUM bracis-33649 74 10 distinct distinct ADJ bracis-33649 74 11 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 74 12 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33649 74 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 74 14 totaling total VERB bracis-33649 74 15 2.4 2.4 NUM bracis-33649 74 16 gb gb NOUN bracis-33649 74 17 of of ADP bracis-33649 74 18 text text NOUN bracis-33649 74 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 74 20 309 309 NUM bracis-33649 74 21 151 151 NUM bracis-33649 74 22 121 121 NUM bracis-33649 74 23 tokens token NOUN bracis-33649 74 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 75 1 the the DET bracis-33649 75 2 first first ADJ bracis-33649 75 3 one one NOUN bracis-33649 75 4 comes come VERB bracis-33649 75 5 from from ADP bracis-33649 75 6 the the DET bracis-33649 75 7 same same ADJ bracis-33649 75 8 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 75 9 sources source NOUN bracis-33649 75 10 used use VERB bracis-33649 75 11 in in ADP bracis-33649 75 12 the the DET bracis-33649 75 13 semclinbr semclinbr NOUN bracis-33649 75 14 project project NOUN bracis-33649 75 15 [ [ X bracis-33649 75 16 18 18 NUM bracis-33649 75 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 75 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 75 19 which which PRON bracis-33649 75 20 are be AUX bracis-33649 75 21 composed compose VERB bracis-33649 75 22 of of ADP bracis-33649 75 23 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 75 24 100 100 NUM bracis-33649 75 25 546 546 NUM bracis-33649 75 26 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 75 27 narrative narrative NOUN bracis-33649 75 28 entries entry NOUN bracis-33649 75 29 from from ADP bracis-33649 75 30 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33649 75 31 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 75 32 hospitals hospital NOUN bracis-33649 75 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 76 1 the the DET bracis-33649 76 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 76 3 contains contain VERB bracis-33649 76 4 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33649 76 5 document document NOUN bracis-33649 76 6 types type NOUN bracis-33649 76 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 76 8 e.g. e.g. ADV bracis-33649 76 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 10 discharge discharge NOUN bracis-33649 76 11 summaries summary NOUN bracis-33649 76 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 13 ambulatory ambulatory ADJ bracis-33649 76 14 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 76 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 16 nursing nursing NOUN bracis-33649 76 17 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 76 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 76 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 76 20 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 76 21 specialties specialty NOUN bracis-33649 76 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 76 23 e.g. e.g. ADV bracis-33649 76 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 25 cardiology cardiology NOUN bracis-33649 76 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 27 nephrology nephrology NOUN bracis-33649 76 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 76 29 endocrinology endocrinology NOUN bracis-33649 76 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 76 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 77 1 the the DET bracis-33649 77 2 electronic electronic ADJ bracis-33649 77 3 health health NOUN bracis-33649 77 4 record record NOUN bracis-33649 77 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 77 6 ehr ehr NOUN bracis-33649 77 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 77 8 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 77 9 used use VERB bracis-33649 77 10 in in ADP bracis-33649 77 11 the the DET bracis-33649 77 12 study study NOUN bracis-33649 77 13 were be AUX bracis-33649 77 14 de de ADJ bracis-33649 77 15 - - VERB bracis-33649 77 16 identified identify VERB bracis-33649 77 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 77 18 approved approve VERB bracis-33649 77 19 by by ADP bracis-33649 77 20 the the DET bracis-33649 77 21 pucpr pucpr PROPN bracis-33649 77 22 research research NOUN bracis-33649 77 23 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33649 77 24 committee committee NOUN bracis-33649 77 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 77 26 certificate certificate NOUN bracis-33649 77 27 of of ADP bracis-33649 77 28 presentation presentation NOUN bracis-33649 77 29 for for ADP bracis-33649 77 30 ethical ethical ADJ bracis-33649 77 31 appreciation appreciation NOUN bracis-33649 77 32 number number NOUN bracis-33649 77 33 51376015.4.0000.0020 51376015.4.0000.0020 NUM bracis-33649 77 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 78 1 the the DET bracis-33649 78 2 brateca brateca NOUN bracis-33649 78 3 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33649 78 4 [ [ X bracis-33649 78 5 8 8 NUM bracis-33649 78 6 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 78 7 was be AUX bracis-33649 78 8 collected collect VERB bracis-33649 78 9 as as ADV bracis-33649 78 10 well well ADV bracis-33649 78 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 78 13 it it PRON bracis-33649 78 14 is be AUX bracis-33649 78 15 composed compose VERB bracis-33649 78 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 78 17 73 73 NUM bracis-33649 78 18 040 040 NUM bracis-33649 78 19 admission admission NOUN bracis-33649 78 20 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 78 21 from from ADP bracis-33649 78 22 10 10 NUM bracis-33649 78 23 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 78 24 hospitals hospital NOUN bracis-33649 78 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 78 26 associated associate VERB bracis-33649 78 27 with with ADP bracis-33649 78 28 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33649 78 29 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 78 30 departments department NOUN bracis-33649 78 31 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 78 32 e.g. e.g. ADV bracis-33649 78 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 34 obstetrics obstetric NOUN bracis-33649 78 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 36 surgery surgery NOUN bracis-33649 78 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 38 emergency emergency NOUN bracis-33649 78 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 40 covid-19 covid-19 PROPN bracis-33649 78 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 42 intensive intensive ADJ bracis-33649 78 43 care care NOUN bracis-33649 78 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 78 45 ambulatory ambulatory ADJ bracis-33649 78 46 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 78 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 79 1 all all DET bracis-33649 79 2 the the DET bracis-33649 79 3 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 79 4 was be AUX bracis-33649 79 5 anonymized anonymize VERB bracis-33649 79 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 79 7 granted grant VERB bracis-33649 79 8 ethical ethical ADJ bracis-33649 79 9 approval approval NOUN bracis-33649 79 10 by by ADP bracis-33649 79 11 the the DET bracis-33649 79 12 national national PROPN bracis-33649 79 13 research research PROPN bracis-33649 79 14 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33649 79 15 committee committee PROPN bracis-33649 79 16 under under ADP bracis-33649 79 17 the the DET bracis-33649 79 18 number number NOUN bracis-33649 79 19 46652521.9.0000.5530 46652521.9.0000.5530 NUM bracis-33649 79 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 80 1 the the DET bracis-33649 80 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 80 3 is be AUX bracis-33649 80 4 available available ADJ bracis-33649 80 5 under under ADP bracis-33649 80 6 physionet physionet NOUN bracis-33649 80 7 credentialed credentiale VERB bracis-33649 80 8 health health NOUN bracis-33649 80 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 80 10 use use NOUN bracis-33649 80 11 [ [ X bracis-33649 80 12 10 10 NUM bracis-33649 80 13 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 80 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 81 1 finally finally ADV bracis-33649 81 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 81 3 we we PRON bracis-33649 81 4 utilized utilize VERB bracis-33649 81 5 the the DET bracis-33649 81 6 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 81 7 used use VERB bracis-33649 81 8 in in ADP bracis-33649 81 9 lopes lopes PROPN bracis-33649 81 10 et et PROPN bracis-33649 81 11 al al PROPN bracis-33649 81 12 . . PROPN bracis-33649 81 13 work work PROPN bracis-33649 82 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 82 2 17 17 NUM bracis-33649 82 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 82 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 82 5 which which PRON bracis-33649 82 6 consists consist VERB bracis-33649 82 7 mostly mostly ADV bracis-33649 82 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 82 9 neurology neurology NOUN bracis-33649 82 10 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 82 11 cases case NOUN bracis-33649 82 12 collected collect VERB bracis-33649 82 13 from from ADP bracis-33649 82 14 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 82 15 journals journal NOUN bracis-33649 82 16 written write VERB bracis-33649 82 17 in in ADP bracis-33649 82 18 european european PROPN bracis-33649 82 19 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 82 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 83 1 the the DET bracis-33649 83 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 83 3 contains contain VERB bracis-33649 83 4 3678 3678 NUM bracis-33649 83 5 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 83 6 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 83 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 83 8 it it PRON bracis-33649 83 9 is be AUX bracis-33649 83 10 publicly publicly ADV bracis-33649 83 11 availablefootnote availablefootnote ADJ bracis-33649 83 12 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 83 13 . . NOUN bracis-33649 83 14 3.2 3.2 NUM bracis-33649 83 15 model model NOUN bracis-33649 83 16 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33649 83 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 83 18     SPACE bracis-33649 83 19 training training NOUN bracis-33649 83 20 in in ADP bracis-33649 83 21 this this DET bracis-33649 83 22 study study NOUN bracis-33649 83 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 83 24 we we PRON bracis-33649 83 25 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 83 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 83 27 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 83 28 the the DET bracis-33649 83 29 llama-2 llama-2 NUM bracis-33649 83 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 83 31 mistral mistral ADJ bracis-33649 83 32 base base NOUN bracis-33649 83 33 models model NOUN bracis-33649 83 34 using use VERB bracis-33649 83 35 the the DET bracis-33649 83 36 llama llama ADJ bracis-33649 83 37 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 83 38 factory factory NOUN bracis-33649 83 39 framework framework NOUN bracis-33649 83 40 [ [ X bracis-33649 83 41 30 30 NUM bracis-33649 83 42 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 83 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 83 44 focusing focus VERB bracis-33649 83 45 on on ADP bracis-33649 83 46 7 7 NUM bracis-33649 83 47 billion billion NUM bracis-33649 83 48 parameter parameter NOUN bracis-33649 83 49 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 83 50 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 83 51 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 83 52 models model NOUN bracis-33649 83 53 to to PART bracis-33649 83 54 minimize minimize VERB bracis-33649 83 55 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 83 56 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 83 57 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 84 1 the the DET bracis-33649 84 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 84 3 were be AUX bracis-33649 84 4 trained train VERB bracis-33649 84 5 over over ADP bracis-33649 84 6 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 84 7 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-33649 84 8 with with ADP bracis-33649 84 9 a a DET bracis-33649 84 10 learning learn VERB bracis-33649 84 11 rate rate NOUN bracis-33649 84 12 of of ADP bracis-33649 84 13 2e−5 2e−5 NUM bracis-33649 84 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 84 15 using use VERB bracis-33649 84 16 low low ADJ bracis-33649 84 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 84 18 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 84 19 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 84 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 84 21 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 84 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 84 23 for for ADP bracis-33649 84 24 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 84 25 weight weight NOUN bracis-33649 84 26 updates update NOUN bracis-33649 84 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 85 1 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 85 2 introduces introduce VERB bracis-33649 85 3 trainable trainable ADJ bracis-33649 85 4 low low ADJ bracis-33649 85 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 85 6 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 85 7 matrices matrix NOUN bracis-33649 85 8 into into ADP bracis-33649 85 9 each each DET bracis-33649 85 10 layer layer NOUN bracis-33649 85 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 85 12 reducing reduce VERB bracis-33649 85 13 trainable trainable ADJ bracis-33649 85 14 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33649 85 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 85 16 gpu gpu NOUN bracis-33649 85 17 memory memory NOUN bracis-33649 85 18 requirements requirement NOUN bracis-33649 85 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 86 1 to to PART bracis-33649 86 2 further far ADV bracis-33649 86 3 optimize optimize VERB bracis-33649 86 4 memory memory NOUN bracis-33649 86 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 86 6 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 86 7 usage usage NOUN bracis-33649 86 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 86 9 we we PRON bracis-33649 86 10 applied apply VERB bracis-33649 86 11 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 86 12 with with ADP bracis-33649 86 13 16 16 NUM bracis-33649 86 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 86 15 bit bit NOUN bracis-33649 86 16 precision precision NOUN bracis-33649 86 17 on on ADP bracis-33649 86 18 the the DET bracis-33649 86 19 q_proj q_proj NOUN bracis-33649 86 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 86 21 v_proj v_proj NOUN bracis-33649 86 22 projections projection NOUN bracis-33649 86 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 86 24 setting set VERB bracis-33649 86 25 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 86 26 r r NOUN bracis-33649 86 27 to to ADP bracis-33649 86 28 8 8 NUM bracis-33649 86 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 86 30 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 86 31 alpha alpha NOUN bracis-33649 86 32 to to ADP bracis-33649 86 33 16 16 NUM bracis-33649 86 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 86 35 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 86 36 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 86 37 dropout dropout NOUN bracis-33649 86 38 to to ADP bracis-33649 86 39 0.1 0.1 NUM bracis-33649 86 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 87 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 87 2 used use VERB bracis-33649 87 3 the the DET bracis-33649 87 4 adamw adamw NOUN bracis-33649 87 5 optimizer optimizer NOUN bracis-33649 87 6 with with ADP bracis-33649 87 7 settings setting NOUN bracis-33649 87 8 \(\beta \(\beta X bracis-33649 87 9 _ _ NOUN bracis-33649 87 10 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 87 11 = = SYM bracis-33649 87 12 0.9\ 0.9\ NOUN bracis-33649 87 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 87 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 87 15 \(\beta \(\beta X bracis-33649 87 16 _ _ NOUN bracis-33649 87 17 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 87 18 = = SYM bracis-33649 87 19 0.999\ 0.999\ NOUN bracis-33649 87 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 87 21 to to PART bracis-33649 87 22 balance balance VERB bracis-33649 87 23 rapid rapid ADJ bracis-33649 87 24 convergence convergence NOUN bracis-33649 87 25 with with ADP bracis-33649 87 26 stability stability NOUN bracis-33649 87 27 during during ADP bracis-33649 87 28 training training NOUN bracis-33649 87 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 88 1 the the DET bracis-33649 88 2 main main ADJ bracis-33649 88 3 difference difference NOUN bracis-33649 88 4 between between ADP bracis-33649 88 5 the the DET bracis-33649 88 6 two two NUM bracis-33649 88 7 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 88 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 88 9 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 88 10 models model NOUN bracis-33649 88 11 was be AUX bracis-33649 88 12 the the DET bracis-33649 88 13 max_position_embeddings max_position_embedding NOUN bracis-33649 88 14 parameter parameter NOUN bracis-33649 88 15 configuration configuration NOUN bracis-33649 88 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 88 17 4096 4096 NUM bracis-33649 88 18 for for ADP bracis-33649 88 19 llama-2 llama-2 NUM bracis-33649 88 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 88 21 32768 32768 NUM bracis-33649 88 22 for for ADP bracis-33649 88 23 mistral mistral NOUN bracis-33649 88 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 89 1 training training NOUN bracis-33649 89 2 was be AUX bracis-33649 89 3 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33649 89 4 on on ADP bracis-33649 89 5 google google PROPN bracis-33649 89 6 cloud cloud PROPN bracis-33649 89 7 platform platform NOUN bracis-33649 89 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 89 9 gcp gcp PROPN bracis-33649 89 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 89 11 with with ADP bracis-33649 89 12 an an DET bracis-33649 89 13 nvidia nvidia PROPN bracis-33649 89 14 tesla tesla PROPN bracis-33649 89 15 a100 a100 PROPN bracis-33649 89 16 gpu gpu PROPN bracis-33649 89 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 89 18 12 12 NUM bracis-33649 89 19 vcpus vcpu NOUN bracis-33649 89 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 89 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 89 22 85 85 NUM bracis-33649 89 23     SPACE bracis-33649 89 24 gb gb NOUN bracis-33649 89 25 of of ADP bracis-33649 89 26 ram ram NOUN bracis-33649 89 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 90 1 the the DET bracis-33649 90 2 resulting result VERB bracis-33649 90 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 90 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 90 5 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 90 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 7 br br ADP bracis-33649 90 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 9 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 90 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 11 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 90 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 90 13 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 90 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 15 br br ADP bracis-33649 90 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 17 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 90 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 90 19 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 90 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 90 21 had have VERB bracis-33649 90 22 their their PRON bracis-33649 90 23 training training NOUN bracis-33649 90 24 loss loss NOUN bracis-33649 90 25 shown show VERB bracis-33649 90 26 in in ADP bracis-33649 90 27 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 90 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 90 29     SPACE bracis-33649 91 1 1 1 X bracis-33649 91 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 92 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 92 2 used use VERB bracis-33649 92 3 2.4 2.4 NUM bracis-33649 92 4     SPACE bracis-33649 92 5 gb gb NOUN bracis-33649 92 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 92 7 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 92 8 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 92 9 for for ADP bracis-33649 92 10 this this DET bracis-33649 92 11 study study NOUN bracis-33649 92 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 93 1 training train VERB bracis-33649 93 2 the the DET bracis-33649 93 3 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 93 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 93 5 br br ADP bracis-33649 93 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 93 7 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 93 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 93 9 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 93 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 93 11 involved involve VERB bracis-33649 93 12 309,151,121 309,151,121 NUM bracis-33649 93 13 tokens token NOUN bracis-33649 93 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 93 15 took take VERB bracis-33649 93 16 47 47 NUM bracis-33649 93 17     SPACE bracis-33649 93 18 h h NOUN bracis-33649 93 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 93 20 56 56 NUM bracis-33649 93 21     SPACE bracis-33649 93 22 min min NOUN bracis-33649 93 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 93 24 costing cost VERB bracis-33649 93 25 r$ r$ ADP bracis-33649 93 26 1250.94 1250.94 NUM bracis-33649 93 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 94 1 the the DET bracis-33649 94 2 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 94 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 94 4 br br ADP bracis-33649 94 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 94 6 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 94 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 94 8 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 94 9 model model NOUN bracis-33649 94 10 took take VERB bracis-33649 94 11 50 50 NUM bracis-33649 94 12     SPACE bracis-33649 94 13 h h NOUN bracis-33649 94 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 94 15 18 18 NUM bracis-33649 94 16     SPACE bracis-33649 94 17 min min NOUN bracis-33649 94 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 94 19 costing cost VERB bracis-33649 94 20 r$ r$ PROPN bracis-33649 94 21 1202.73 1202.73 NUM bracis-33649 94 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 94 23 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 94 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 95 1 1 1 X bracis-33649 95 2 . . X bracis-33649 95 3 training training NOUN bracis-33649 95 4 loss loss NOUN bracis-33649 95 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 95 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 95 7 full full ADJ bracis-33649 95 8 size size NOUN bracis-33649 95 9 image image NOUN bracis-33649 95 10 3.3 3.3 NUM bracis-33649 95 11 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33649 95 12 setup setup NOUN bracis-33649 95 13 the the DET bracis-33649 95 14 models model NOUN bracis-33649 95 15 trained train VERB bracis-33649 95 16 in in ADP bracis-33649 95 17 this this DET bracis-33649 95 18 work work NOUN bracis-33649 95 19 are be AUX bracis-33649 95 20 base base NOUN bracis-33649 95 21 models model NOUN bracis-33649 95 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 95 23 trained train VERB bracis-33649 95 24 unsupervised unsupervised ADJ bracis-33649 95 25 on on ADP bracis-33649 95 26 a a DET bracis-33649 95 27 text text NOUN bracis-33649 95 28 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 95 29 to to PART bracis-33649 95 30 learn learn VERB bracis-33649 95 31 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 95 32 language language NOUN bracis-33649 95 33 representations representation NOUN bracis-33649 95 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 96 1 they they PRON bracis-33649 96 2 serve serve VERB bracis-33649 96 3 as as ADP bracis-33649 96 4 foundations foundation NOUN bracis-33649 96 5 for for ADP bracis-33649 96 6 further further ADJ bracis-33649 96 7 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 96 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 96 9 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 96 10 for for ADP bracis-33649 96 11 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 96 12 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 96 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 97 1 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33649 97 2 base base NOUN bracis-33649 97 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 97 4 typically typically ADV bracis-33649 97 5 involves involve VERB bracis-33649 97 6 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 97 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 97 8 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 97 9 like like ADP bracis-33649 97 10 language language NOUN bracis-33649 97 11 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33649 97 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 97 13 text text NOUN bracis-33649 97 14 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 97 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 97 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 97 17 question question NOUN bracis-33649 97 18 answering answering NOUN bracis-33649 97 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 98 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 98 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 98 3 these these DET bracis-33649 98 4 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 98 5 can can AUX bracis-33649 98 6 be be AUX bracis-33649 98 7 imprecise imprecise ADV bracis-33649 98 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 98 9 often often ADV bracis-33649 98 10 relying rely VERB bracis-33649 98 11 on on ADP bracis-33649 98 12 standard standard ADJ bracis-33649 98 13 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33649 98 14 that that PRON bracis-33649 98 15 may may AUX bracis-33649 98 16 not not PART bracis-33649 98 17 capture capture VERB bracis-33649 98 18 the the DET bracis-33649 98 19 nuances nuance NOUN bracis-33649 98 20 of of ADP bracis-33649 98 21 language language NOUN bracis-33649 98 22 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 98 23 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33649 98 24 to to ADP bracis-33649 98 25 unseen unseen ADJ bracis-33649 98 26 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 98 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 99 1 they they PRON bracis-33649 99 2 might might AUX bracis-33649 99 3 not not PART bracis-33649 99 4 reflect reflect VERB bracis-33649 99 5 real real ADJ bracis-33649 99 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 99 7 world world NOUN bracis-33649 99 8 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 99 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 99 10 especially especially ADV bracis-33649 99 11 in in ADP bracis-33649 99 12 specialized specialized ADJ bracis-33649 99 13 fields field NOUN bracis-33649 99 14 like like ADP bracis-33649 99 15 healthcare healthcare NOUN bracis-33649 99 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 99 17 where where SCONJ bracis-33649 99 18 domain domain NOUN bracis-33649 99 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 99 20 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 99 21 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 99 22 is be AUX bracis-33649 99 23 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-33649 99 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 100 1 for for ADP bracis-33649 100 2 instance instance NOUN bracis-33649 100 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 100 4 most most ADJ bracis-33649 100 5 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 100 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 100 7 are be AUX bracis-33649 100 8 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 100 9 on on ADP bracis-33649 100 10 english english ADJ bracis-33649 100 11 question question NOUN bracis-33649 100 12 answering answering NOUN bracis-33649 100 13 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 100 14 like like ADP bracis-33649 100 15 medqa medqa ADJ bracis-33649 100 16 [ [ X bracis-33649 100 17 14 14 NUM bracis-33649 100 18 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33649 100 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 100 20 which which PRON bracis-33649 100 21 do do AUX bracis-33649 100 22 not not PART bracis-33649 100 23 measure measure VERB bracis-33649 100 24 the the DET bracis-33649 100 25 model model NOUN bracis-33649 100 26 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 100 27 ability ability NOUN bracis-33649 100 28 to to PART bracis-33649 100 29 interpret interpret VERB bracis-33649 100 30 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 100 31 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 100 32 in in ADP bracis-33649 100 33 electronic electronic ADJ bracis-33649 100 34 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 100 35 records record NOUN bracis-33649 100 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 100 37 the the DET bracis-33649 100 38 focus focus NOUN bracis-33649 100 39 of of ADP bracis-33649 100 40 this this DET bracis-33649 100 41 work work NOUN bracis-33649 100 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 101 1 to to PART bracis-33649 101 2 overcome overcome VERB bracis-33649 101 3 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33649 101 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 101 5 we we PRON bracis-33649 101 6 used use VERB bracis-33649 101 7 the the DET bracis-33649 101 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 101 9 to to PART bracis-33649 101 10 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 101 11 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 101 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 101 13 text text NOUN bracis-33649 101 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 101 15 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 101 16 their their PRON bracis-33649 101 17 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 101 18 on on ADP bracis-33649 101 19 three three NUM bracis-33649 101 20 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 101 21 using use VERB bracis-33649 101 22 a a DET bracis-33649 101 23 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 101 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 101 25 point point NOUN bracis-33649 101 26 likert likert ADJ bracis-33649 101 27 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 101 28 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 101 29 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 101 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 101 31     SPACE bracis-33649 101 32 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 101 33 ): ): PUNCT bracis-33649 101 34 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 101 35 of of ADP bracis-33649 101 36 format format NOUN bracis-33649 101 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 101 38 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 101 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 101 40 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 101 41 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 101 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 101 43 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 101 44 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 101 45 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 101 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 102 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 102 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 103 1 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 103 2 . . NOUN bracis-33649 103 3 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-33649 103 4 card card NOUN bracis-33649 103 5 example example NOUN bracis-33649 103 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 104 1 the the DET bracis-33649 104 2 evaluators evaluator NOUN bracis-33649 104 3 had have VERB bracis-33649 104 4 to to PART bracis-33649 104 5 fill fill VERB bracis-33649 104 6 the the DET bracis-33649 104 7 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 104 8 for for ADP bracis-33649 104 9     SPACE bracis-33649 104 10 each each DET bracis-33649 104 11 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 104 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 104 13 based base VERB bracis-33649 104 14 on on ADP bracis-33649 104 15 the the DET bracis-33649 104 16 output output NOUN bracis-33649 104 17 of of ADP bracis-33649 104 18 each each DET bracis-33649 104 19 model model NOUN bracis-33649 104 20 full full ADJ bracis-33649 104 21 size size NOUN bracis-33649 104 22 image image NOUN bracis-33649 104 23 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 104 24 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 104 25 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 104 26 of of ADP bracis-33649 104 27 format format NOUN bracis-33649 104 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 104 29 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 104 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 104 31 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 104 32 if if SCONJ bracis-33649 104 33 the the DET bracis-33649 104 34 model model NOUN bracis-33649 104 35 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 104 36 output output NOUN bracis-33649 104 37 adhered adhere VERB bracis-33649 104 38 to to ADP bracis-33649 104 39 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 104 40 document document NOUN bracis-33649 104 41 norms norm NOUN bracis-33649 104 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 104 43 including include VERB bracis-33649 104 44 layout layout NOUN bracis-33649 104 45 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 104 46 sectioning sectioning NOUN bracis-33649 104 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 105 1 the the DET bracis-33649 105 2 highest high ADJ bracis-33649 105 3 score score NOUN bracis-33649 105 4 was be AUX bracis-33649 105 5 given give VERB bracis-33649 105 6 to to ADP bracis-33649 105 7 models model NOUN bracis-33649 105 8 that that PRON bracis-33649 105 9 perfectly perfectly ADV bracis-33649 105 10 matched match VERB bracis-33649 105 11 the the DET bracis-33649 105 12 standard standard NOUN bracis-33649 105 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 106 1 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 106 2 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 106 3 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 106 4 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 106 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 106 6 focused focus VERB bracis-33649 106 7 on on ADP bracis-33649 106 8 linguistic linguistic ADJ bracis-33649 106 9 correctness correctness NOUN bracis-33649 106 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 106 11 including include VERB bracis-33649 106 12 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 106 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 106 14 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 106 15 terminology terminology NOUN bracis-33649 106 16 in in ADP bracis-33649 106 17 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 106 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 106 19 br br NOUN bracis-33649 106 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 106 21 models model NOUN bracis-33649 106 22 lost lose VERB bracis-33649 106 23 points point NOUN bracis-33649 106 24 for for ADP bracis-33649 106 25 incorrect incorrect ADJ bracis-33649 106 26 grammar grammar NOUN bracis-33649 106 27 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 106 28 generating generating NOUN bracis-33649 106 29 text text NOUN bracis-33649 106 30 in in ADP bracis-33649 106 31 a a DET bracis-33649 106 32 different different ADJ bracis-33649 106 33 language language NOUN bracis-33649 106 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 107 1 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 107 2 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 107 3 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 107 4 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 107 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 107 6 assessed assess VERB bracis-33649 107 7 if if SCONJ bracis-33649 107 8 the the DET bracis-33649 107 9 content content NOUN bracis-33649 107 10 logically logically ADV bracis-33649 107 11 correlated correlate VERB bracis-33649 107 12 with with ADP bracis-33649 107 13 the the DET bracis-33649 107 14 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 107 15 history history NOUN bracis-33649 107 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 107 17 focusing focus VERB bracis-33649 107 18 on on ADP bracis-33649 107 19 relevance relevance NOUN bracis-33649 107 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 107 21 precision precision NOUN bracis-33649 107 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 108 1 this this DET bracis-33649 108 2 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 108 3 involved involve VERB bracis-33649 108 4 more more ADJ bracis-33649 108 5 subjectivity subjectivity NOUN bracis-33649 108 6 due due ADP bracis-33649 108 7 to to ADP bracis-33649 108 8 varying vary VERB bracis-33649 108 9 evaluator evaluator NOUN bracis-33649 108 10 backgrounds background NOUN bracis-33649 108 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 109 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 109 2 selected select VERB bracis-33649 109 3 100 100 NUM bracis-33649 109 4 random random ADJ bracis-33649 109 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 109 6 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 109 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 109 8 not not PART bracis-33649 109 9 part part NOUN bracis-33649 109 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 109 11 the the DET bracis-33649 109 12 training training NOUN bracis-33649 109 13 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 109 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 109 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 109 16 used use VERB bracis-33649 109 17 excerpts excerpt NOUN bracis-33649 109 18 as as ADP bracis-33649 109 19 input input NOUN bracis-33649 109 20 for for ADP bracis-33649 109 21 five five NUM bracis-33649 109 22 models model NOUN bracis-33649 109 23 to to PART bracis-33649 109 24 complete complete VERB bracis-33649 109 25 the the DET bracis-33649 109 26 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 109 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 110 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 110 2 aimed aim VERB bracis-33649 110 3 to to PART bracis-33649 110 4 measure measure VERB bracis-33649 110 5 the the DET bracis-33649 110 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 110 7 ’ ’ PART bracis-33649 110 8 proficiency proficiency NOUN bracis-33649 110 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 110 10 producing produce VERB bracis-33649 110 11 consistent consistent ADJ bracis-33649 110 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 110 13 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 110 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 111 1 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 111 2 students student NOUN bracis-33649 111 3 with with ADP bracis-33649 111 4 experience experience NOUN bracis-33649 111 5 in in ADP bracis-33649 111 6 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 111 7 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 111 8 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 111 9 the the DET bracis-33649 111 10 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 111 11 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 111 12 from from ADP bracis-33649 111 13 our our PRON bracis-33649 111 14 models model NOUN bracis-33649 111 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 111 16 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 111 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 18 br br ADP bracis-33649 111 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 20 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 111 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 22 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 111 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 111 24 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 111 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 26 br br ADP bracis-33649 111 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 28 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 111 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 111 30 v0.2 v0.2 NOUN bracis-33649 111 31 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 111 32 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 111 33 three three NUM bracis-33649 111 34 reference reference NOUN bracis-33649 111 35 models model NOUN bracis-33649 111 36 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 111 37 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 111 38 - - NOUN bracis-33649 111 39 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 111 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 111 41 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 111 42 - - SYM bracis-33649 111 43 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 111 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 111 45 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 111 46 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 111 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 112 1 they they PRON bracis-33649 112 2 assigned assign VERB bracis-33649 112 3 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 112 4 from from ADP bracis-33649 112 5 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 112 6 to to ADP bracis-33649 112 7 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 112 8 on on ADP bracis-33649 112 9 a a DET bracis-33649 112 10 likert likert ADJ bracis-33649 112 11 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 112 12 for for ADP bracis-33649 112 13 each each PRON bracis-33649 112 14 of of ADP bracis-33649 112 15 the the DET bracis-33649 112 16 three three NUM bracis-33649 112 17 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 112 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 113 1 the the DET bracis-33649 113 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 113 3 was be AUX bracis-33649 113 4 blind blind ADJ bracis-33649 113 5 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33649 113 6 students student NOUN bracis-33649 113 7 did do AUX bracis-33649 113 8 not not PART bracis-33649 113 9 know know VERB bracis-33649 113 10 which which DET bracis-33649 113 11 model model NOUN bracis-33649 113 12 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 113 13 each each DET bracis-33649 113 14 note note NOUN bracis-33649 113 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 114 1 llama-2 llama-2 NUM bracis-33649 114 2 - - SYM bracis-33649 114 3 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 114 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 114 5 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 114 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 114 7 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 114 8 served serve VERB bracis-33649 114 9 as as ADP bracis-33649 114 10 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 114 11 to to PART bracis-33649 114 12 measure measure VERB bracis-33649 114 13 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 114 14 from from ADP bracis-33649 114 15 our our PRON bracis-33649 114 16 training training NOUN bracis-33649 114 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 115 1 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 115 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 115 3 a a DET bracis-33649 115 4 portuguese portuguese ADV bracis-33649 115 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 115 6 trained train VERB bracis-33649 115 7 model model NOUN bracis-33649 115 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 115 9 was be AUX bracis-33649 115 10 included include VERB bracis-33649 115 11 for for ADP bracis-33649 115 12 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33649 115 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 116 1 this this DET bracis-33649 116 2 selection selection NOUN bracis-33649 116 3 allowed allow VERB bracis-33649 116 4 a a DET bracis-33649 116 5 thorough thorough ADJ bracis-33649 116 6 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 116 7 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 116 8 across across ADP bracis-33649 116 9 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 116 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 117 1 gpt2 gpt2 PROPN bracis-33649 117 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 117 3 bio bio NOUN bracis-33649 117 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 117 5 pt pt PROPN bracis-33649 117 6 was be AUX bracis-33649 117 7 excluded exclude VERB bracis-33649 117 8 due due ADP bracis-33649 117 9 to to ADP bracis-33649 117 10 its its PRON bracis-33649 117 11 limited limited ADJ bracis-33649 117 12 context context NOUN bracis-33649 117 13 size size NOUN bracis-33649 117 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 117 15 which which PRON bracis-33649 117 16 is be AUX bracis-33649 117 17 inadequate inadequate ADJ bracis-33649 117 18 for for ADP bracis-33649 117 19 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 117 20 text text NOUN bracis-33649 117 21 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 117 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 118 1 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 118 2 results result VERB bracis-33649 118 3 this this DET bracis-33649 118 4 section section NOUN bracis-33649 118 5 presents present VERB bracis-33649 118 6 the the DET bracis-33649 118 7 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 118 8 outcomes outcome NOUN bracis-33649 118 9 of of ADP bracis-33649 118 10 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 118 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 12 br br ADP bracis-33649 118 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 14 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 118 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 16 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 118 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 118 18 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 118 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 20 br br ADP bracis-33649 118 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 22 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 118 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 118 24 v0.2 v0.2 NOUN bracis-33649 118 25 models model NOUN bracis-33649 118 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 118 27 alongside alongside ADP bracis-33649 118 28 three three NUM bracis-33649 118 29 baselines baseline NOUN bracis-33649 118 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 118 31 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 118 32 - - SYM bracis-33649 118 33 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 118 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 118 35 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 118 36 - - VERB bracis-33649 118 37 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 118 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 118 39 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 118 40 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 118 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 119 1 the the DET bracis-33649 119 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 119 3 focused focus VERB bracis-33649 119 4 on on ADP bracis-33649 119 5 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 119 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 119 7 format format NOUN bracis-33649 119 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 119 9 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 119 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 119 11 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 119 12 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 119 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 119 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 119 15 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 119 16 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 119 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 119 18 using use VERB bracis-33649 119 19 a a DET bracis-33649 119 20 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 119 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 119 22 point point NOUN bracis-33649 119 23 likert likert ADJ bracis-33649 119 24 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 119 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 120 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 120 2 analyze analyze VERB bracis-33649 120 3 the the DET bracis-33649 120 4 average average ADJ bracis-33649 120 5 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 120 6 for for ADP bracis-33649 120 7 each each DET bracis-33649 120 8 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 120 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 120 10 the the DET bracis-33649 120 11 frequency frequency NOUN bracis-33649 120 12 each each DET bracis-33649 120 13 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 120 14 was be AUX bracis-33649 120 15 met meet VERB bracis-33649 120 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 120 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 120 18 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 120 19 an an DET bracis-33649 120 20 error error NOUN bracis-33649 120 21 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 120 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 121 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 121 2 helps help VERB bracis-33649 121 3 us we PRON bracis-33649 121 4 understand understand VERB bracis-33649 121 5 the the DET bracis-33649 121 6 strengths strength NOUN bracis-33649 121 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 121 8 weaknesses weakness NOUN bracis-33649 121 9 of of ADP bracis-33649 121 10 each each DET bracis-33649 121 11 model model NOUN bracis-33649 121 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 121 13 highlight highlight VERB bracis-33649 121 14 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 121 15 in in ADP bracis-33649 121 16 our our PRON bracis-33649 121 17 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 121 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 121 19 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 121 20 models model NOUN bracis-33649 121 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 121 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 121 23 identify identify VERB bracis-33649 121 24 areas area NOUN bracis-33649 121 25 for for ADP bracis-33649 121 26 future future ADJ bracis-33649 121 27 enhancement enhancement NOUN bracis-33649 121 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 122 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-33649 122 2 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 122 3 text text NOUN bracis-33649 122 4 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 122 5 the the DET bracis-33649 122 6 average average ADJ bracis-33649 122 7 score score NOUN bracis-33649 122 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 122 9 the the DET bracis-33649 122 10 models model NOUN bracis-33649 122 11 for for ADP bracis-33649 122 12 each each DET bracis-33649 122 13 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 122 14 is be AUX bracis-33649 122 15 presented present VERB bracis-33649 122 16 in in ADP bracis-33649 122 17 table table NOUN bracis-33649 122 18     SPACE bracis-33649 122 19 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 122 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 122 21 stacked stack VERB bracis-33649 122 22 in in ADP bracis-33649 122 23 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 122 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 122 25     SPACE bracis-33649 123 1 3 3 X bracis-33649 123 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 124 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 124 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-33649 124 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 124 4 table table NOUN bracis-33649 124 5     SPACE bracis-33649 124 6 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 124 7 presents present VERB bracis-33649 124 8 the the DET bracis-33649 124 9 frequencies frequency NOUN bracis-33649 124 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 124 11 score score NOUN bracis-33649 124 12 for for ADP bracis-33649 124 13 each each DET bracis-33649 124 14 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 124 15 in in ADP bracis-33649 124 16 the the DET bracis-33649 124 17 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 124 18 of of ADP bracis-33649 124 19 each each DET bracis-33649 124 20 model model NOUN bracis-33649 124 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 125 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 125 2 table table NOUN bracis-33649 125 3     SPACE bracis-33649 125 4 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 125 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 125 6 we we PRON bracis-33649 125 7 can can AUX bracis-33649 125 8 see see VERB bracis-33649 125 9 some some DET bracis-33649 125 10 examples example NOUN bracis-33649 125 11 of of ADP bracis-33649 125 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 125 13 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 125 14 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 125 15 with with ADP bracis-33649 125 16 our our PRON bracis-33649 125 17 models model NOUN bracis-33649 125 18 that that PRON bracis-33649 125 19 were be AUX bracis-33649 125 20 successful successful ADJ bracis-33649 125 21 in in ADP bracis-33649 125 22 the the DET bracis-33649 125 23 three three NUM bracis-33649 125 24 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 125 25 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33649 125 26 used use VERB bracis-33649 125 27 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 125 28 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 125 29 greater great ADJ bracis-33649 125 30 than than ADP bracis-33649 125 31 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 125 32 in in ADP bracis-33649 125 33 all all DET bracis-33649 125 34 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33649 125 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 125 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 125 37 that that ADV bracis-33649 125 38 is is ADV bracis-33649 125 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 125 40 they they PRON bracis-33649 125 41 are be AUX bracis-33649 125 42 cohesive cohesive ADJ bracis-33649 125 43 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 125 44 with with ADP bracis-33649 125 45 regard regard NOUN bracis-33649 125 46 to to ADP bracis-33649 125 47 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 125 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 125 49 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 125 50 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 125 51 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 125 52 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 125 53 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 126 1 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 126 2 of of ADP bracis-33649 126 3 format format NOUN bracis-33649 126 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 126 5 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 126 6 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 126 7 the the DET bracis-33649 126 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 126 9 were be AUX bracis-33649 126 10 assessed assess VERB bracis-33649 126 11 on on ADP bracis-33649 126 12 their their PRON bracis-33649 126 13 adherence adherence NOUN bracis-33649 126 14 to to ADP bracis-33649 126 15 the the DET bracis-33649 126 16 format format NOUN bracis-33649 126 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 126 18 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 126 19 typical typical ADJ bracis-33649 126 20 of of ADP bracis-33649 126 21 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 126 22 documents document NOUN bracis-33649 126 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 127 1 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 127 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 127 3 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 127 4 - - NOUN bracis-33649 127 5 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 127 6 scored score VERB bracis-33649 127 7 3.84 3.84 NUM bracis-33649 127 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 127 9 3.85 3.85 NUM bracis-33649 127 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 127 11 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33649 127 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 127 13 indicating indicate VERB bracis-33649 127 14 moderate moderate ADJ bracis-33649 127 15 adherence adherence NOUN bracis-33649 127 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 128 1 llama-2 llama-2 NUM bracis-33649 128 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 128 3 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 128 4 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 128 5 better well ADJ bracis-33649 128 6 consistency consistency NOUN bracis-33649 128 7 with with ADP bracis-33649 128 8 a a DET bracis-33649 128 9 score score NOUN bracis-33649 128 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 128 11 4.45 4.45 NUM bracis-33649 128 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 129 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 129 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 129 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 129 4 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 129 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 6 br br ADP bracis-33649 129 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 8 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 129 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 10 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 129 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 129 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 129 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 14 br br ADP bracis-33649 129 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 16 mistral-2 mistral-2 NUM bracis-33649 129 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 129 18 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 129 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 129 20 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33649 129 21 the the DET bracis-33649 129 22 highest high ADJ bracis-33649 129 23 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 129 24 of of ADP bracis-33649 129 25 4.60 4.60 NUM bracis-33649 129 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 129 27 4.62 4.62 NUM bracis-33649 129 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 129 29 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33649 129 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 130 1 these these DET bracis-33649 130 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 130 3 also also ADV bracis-33649 130 4 had have VERB bracis-33649 130 5 a a DET bracis-33649 130 6 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 130 7 number number NOUN bracis-33649 130 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 130 9 perfect perfect ADJ bracis-33649 130 10 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 130 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 130 12 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 130 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 130 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 130 15 reflecting reflect VERB bracis-33649 130 16 their their PRON bracis-33649 130 17 superior superior ADJ bracis-33649 130 18 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 130 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 130 20 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-33649 130 21 document document NOUN bracis-33649 130 22 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 130 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 131 1 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 131 2 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 131 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 131 4 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33649 131 5 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 131 6 not not PART bracis-33649 131 7 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33649 131 8 above above ADP bracis-33649 131 9 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 131 10 score score NOUN bracis-33649 131 11 average average NOUN bracis-33649 131 12 in in ADP bracis-33649 131 13 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 131 14 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 131 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 131 16 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 131 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 131 18 it it PRON bracis-33649 131 19 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 131 20 excellent excellent ADJ bracis-33649 131 21 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 131 22 in in ADP bracis-33649 131 23 orthographic orthographic ADJ bracis-33649 131 24 correctness correctness NOUN bracis-33649 131 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 131 26 likely likely ADJ bracis-33649 131 27 due due ADP bracis-33649 131 28 to to ADP bracis-33649 131 29 its its PRON bracis-33649 131 30 training training NOUN bracis-33649 131 31 on on ADP bracis-33649 131 32 a a DET bracis-33649 131 33 large large ADJ bracis-33649 131 34 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 131 35 of of ADP bracis-33649 131 36 pt pt PROPN bracis-33649 131 37 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 131 38 br br NOUN bracis-33649 131 39 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 131 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 132 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 132 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33649 132 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 132 4 the the DET bracis-33649 132 5 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 132 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 132 7 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 132 8 model model NOUN bracis-33649 132 9 showed show VERB bracis-33649 132 10 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 132 11 difficulties difficulty NOUN bracis-33649 132 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 132 13 often often ADV bracis-33649 132 14 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 132 15 random random ADJ bracis-33649 132 16 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 132 17 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 132 18 words word NOUN bracis-33649 132 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 132 20 english english PROPN bracis-33649 132 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 133 1 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 133 2 - - SYM bracis-33649 133 3 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 133 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 133 5 although although SCONJ bracis-33649 133 6 not not PART bracis-33649 133 7 trained train VERB bracis-33649 133 8 with with ADP bracis-33649 133 9 a a DET bracis-33649 133 10 large large ADJ bracis-33649 133 11 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 133 12 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 133 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 133 14 managed manage VERB bracis-33649 133 15 to to PART bracis-33649 133 16 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 133 17 well well ADV bracis-33649 133 18 in in ADP bracis-33649 133 19 this this DET bracis-33649 133 20 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 133 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 134 1 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 134 2 indicated indicate VERB bracis-33649 134 3 by by ADP bracis-33649 134 4 the the DET bracis-33649 134 5 graph graph NOUN bracis-33649 134 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 134 7 our our PRON bracis-33649 134 8 adjusted adjust VERB bracis-33649 134 9 llama llama NOUN bracis-33649 134 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 134 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 134 12 i.e. i.e. X bracis-33649 134 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 134 14 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 134 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 134 16 br br ADP bracis-33649 134 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 134 18 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 134 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 134 20 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 134 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 134 22 further far ADV bracis-33649 134 23 improved improve VERB bracis-33649 134 24 upon upon SCONJ bracis-33649 134 25 the the DET bracis-33649 134 26 already already ADV bracis-33649 134 27 good good ADJ bracis-33649 134 28 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 134 29 of of ADP bracis-33649 134 30 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 134 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 134 32 7b 7b NUM bracis-33649 134 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 135 1 the the DET bracis-33649 135 2 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 135 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 135 4 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 135 5 model model NOUN bracis-33649 135 6 showed show VERB bracis-33649 135 7 a a DET bracis-33649 135 8 remarkable remarkable ADJ bracis-33649 135 9 improvement improvement NOUN bracis-33649 135 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 135 11 with with ADP bracis-33649 135 12 its its PRON bracis-33649 135 13 base base NOUN bracis-33649 135 14 model model NOUN bracis-33649 135 15 scoring score VERB bracis-33649 135 16 an an DET bracis-33649 135 17 average average NOUN bracis-33649 135 18 of of ADP bracis-33649 135 19 3.82 3.82 NUM bracis-33649 135 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 135 21 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33649 135 22 an an DET bracis-33649 135 23 increase increase NOUN bracis-33649 135 24 to to ADP bracis-33649 135 25 4.69 4.69 NUM bracis-33649 135 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 135 27 including include VERB bracis-33649 135 28 30 30 NUM bracis-33649 135 29 additional additional ADJ bracis-33649 135 30 perfect perfect ADJ bracis-33649 135 31 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 135 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 135 33 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 135 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 135 35 in in ADP bracis-33649 135 36 the the DET bracis-33649 135 37 frequency frequency NOUN bracis-33649 135 38 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-33649 135 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 135 40 indicating indicate VERB bracis-33649 135 41 excellent excellent ADJ bracis-33649 135 42 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 135 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 136 1 table table NOUN bracis-33649 136 2 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 136 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 137 1 average average ADJ bracis-33649 137 2 score score NOUN bracis-33649 137 3 of of ADP bracis-33649 137 4 the the DET bracis-33649 137 5 models model NOUN bracis-33649 137 6 in in ADP bracis-33649 137 7 the the DET bracis-33649 137 8 three three NUM bracis-33649 137 9 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 137 10 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 137 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 138 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 138 2 bold bold ADJ bracis-33649 138 3 the the DET bracis-33649 138 4 models model NOUN bracis-33649 138 5 with with ADP bracis-33649 138 6 the the DET bracis-33649 138 7 best good ADJ bracis-33649 138 8 score score NOUN bracis-33649 138 9 for for ADP bracis-33649 138 10 each each DET bracis-33649 138 11 criterion.full criterion.full NUM bracis-33649 138 12 size size NOUN bracis-33649 138 13 table table NOUN bracis-33649 138 14 fig fig NOUN bracis-33649 138 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 139 1 3 3 X bracis-33649 139 2 . . X bracis-33649 139 3 stacked stack VERB bracis-33649 139 4 average average ADJ bracis-33649 139 5 score score NOUN bracis-33649 139 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 139 7 the the DET bracis-33649 139 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 139 9 across across ADP bracis-33649 139 10 the the DET bracis-33649 139 11 three three NUM bracis-33649 139 12 evaluated evaluated ADJ bracis-33649 139 13 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 139 14 full full ADJ bracis-33649 139 15 size size NOUN bracis-33649 139 16 image image NOUN bracis-33649 139 17 table table NOUN bracis-33649 139 18 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 139 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 139 20 score score NOUN bracis-33649 139 21 frequencies frequency NOUN bracis-33649 139 22 for for ADP bracis-33649 139 23 each each DET bracis-33649 139 24 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 139 25 model model NOUN bracis-33649 139 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 140 1 c1 c1 PROPN bracis-33649 140 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 140 3 c2 c2 PROPN bracis-33649 140 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 140 5 c3 c3 PROPN bracis-33649 140 6 stands stand VERB bracis-33649 140 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 140 8 criterion criterion NOUN bracis-33649 140 9 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 140 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 140 11 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 140 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 140 13 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 140 14 respectively.full respectively.full NUM bracis-33649 140 15 size size NOUN bracis-33649 140 16 table table NOUN bracis-33649 140 17 table table NOUN bracis-33649 140 18 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 140 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 141 1 examples example NOUN bracis-33649 141 2 of of ADP bracis-33649 141 3 successfully successfully ADV bracis-33649 141 4 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 141 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 141 6 notesfull notesfull NOUN bracis-33649 141 7 size size NOUN bracis-33649 141 8 table table NOUN bracis-33649 141 9 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 141 10 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 141 11 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 141 12 in in ADP bracis-33649 141 13 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 141 14 of of ADP bracis-33649 141 15 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 141 16 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 141 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 141 18 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 141 19 scored score VERB bracis-33649 141 20 3.54 3.54 NUM bracis-33649 141 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 141 22 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 141 23 - - NOUN bracis-33649 141 24 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 141 25 scored score VERB bracis-33649 141 26 3.52 3.52 NUM bracis-33649 141 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 141 28 both both PRON bracis-33649 141 29 struggling struggle VERB bracis-33649 141 30 to to PART bracis-33649 141 31 maintain maintain VERB bracis-33649 141 32 logical logical ADJ bracis-33649 141 33 correlation correlation NOUN bracis-33649 141 34 within within ADP bracis-33649 141 35 the the DET bracis-33649 141 36 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 141 37 context context NOUN bracis-33649 141 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 142 1 llama-2 llama-2 NUM bracis-33649 142 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 142 3 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 142 4 scored score VERB bracis-33649 142 5 4.19 4.19 NUM bracis-33649 142 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 142 7 indicating indicate VERB bracis-33649 142 8 a a DET bracis-33649 142 9 better well ADJ bracis-33649 142 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 142 11 though though SCONJ bracis-33649 142 12 not not PART bracis-33649 142 13 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-33649 142 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 142 15 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 142 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 143 1 the the DET bracis-33649 143 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 143 3 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 143 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 5 br br ADP bracis-33649 143 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 7 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 143 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 9 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 143 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 143 11 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 143 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 13 br br ADP bracis-33649 143 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 15 mistral-2 mistral-2 NUM bracis-33649 143 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 143 17 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 143 18 again again ADV bracis-33649 143 19 led lead VERB bracis-33649 143 20 with with ADP bracis-33649 143 21 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 143 22 of of ADP bracis-33649 143 23 4.45 4.45 NUM bracis-33649 143 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 143 25 4.46 4.46 NUM bracis-33649 143 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 143 27 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33649 143 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 143 29 demonstrating demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 143 30 their their PRON bracis-33649 143 31 ability ability NOUN bracis-33649 143 32 to to PART bracis-33649 143 33 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 143 34 clinically clinically ADV bracis-33649 143 35 coherent coherent ADJ bracis-33649 143 36 content content NOUN bracis-33649 143 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 144 1 frequency frequency NOUN bracis-33649 144 2 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 144 3 revealed reveal VERB bracis-33649 144 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 144 5 these these DET bracis-33649 144 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 144 7 had have VERB bracis-33649 144 8 the the DET bracis-33649 144 9 highest high ADJ bracis-33649 144 10 number number NOUN bracis-33649 144 11 of of ADP bracis-33649 144 12 perfect perfect ADJ bracis-33649 144 13 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 144 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 144 15 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 144 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 144 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 144 18 underscoring underscore VERB bracis-33649 144 19 their their PRON bracis-33649 144 20 superior superior ADJ bracis-33649 144 21 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 144 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 145 1 4.2 4.2 NUM bracis-33649 145 2 error error NOUN bracis-33649 145 3 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 145 4 in in ADP bracis-33649 145 5 this this DET bracis-33649 145 6 section section NOUN bracis-33649 145 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 145 8 we we PRON bracis-33649 145 9 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 145 10 an an DET bracis-33649 145 11 error error NOUN bracis-33649 145 12 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33649 145 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 145 14 the the DET bracis-33649 145 15 task task NOUN bracis-33649 145 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 145 17 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 145 18 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 145 19 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 145 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 145 21 both both CCONJ bracis-33649 145 22 from from ADP bracis-33649 145 23 the the DET bracis-33649 145 24 models model NOUN bracis-33649 145 25 we we PRON bracis-33649 145 26 trained train VERB bracis-33649 145 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 145 28 the the DET bracis-33649 145 29 original original ADJ bracis-33649 145 30 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33649 145 31 models model NOUN bracis-33649 145 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 146 1 table table NOUN bracis-33649 146 2     SPACE bracis-33649 146 3 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 146 4 presents present VERB bracis-33649 146 5 some some DET bracis-33649 146 6 examples example NOUN bracis-33649 146 7 of of ADP bracis-33649 146 8 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 146 9 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 146 10 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 146 11 that that PRON bracis-33649 146 12 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33649 146 13 low low ADJ bracis-33649 146 14 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 146 15 for for ADP bracis-33649 146 16 one one NUM bracis-33649 146 17 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 146 18 more more ADJ bracis-33649 146 19 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 146 20 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 146 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 147 1 all all DET bracis-33649 147 2 the the DET bracis-33649 147 3 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 147 4 models model NOUN bracis-33649 147 5 have have AUX bracis-33649 147 6 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 147 7 a a DET bracis-33649 147 8 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-33649 147 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 147 10 which which PRON bracis-33649 147 11 they they PRON bracis-33649 147 12 repeat repeat VERB bracis-33649 147 13 certain certain ADJ bracis-33649 147 14 words word NOUN bracis-33649 147 15 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 147 16 sequences sequence NOUN bracis-33649 147 17 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33649 147 18 times time NOUN bracis-33649 147 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 147 20 succession succession NOUN bracis-33649 147 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 147 22 like like ADP bracis-33649 147 23 on on ADP bracis-33649 147 24 error error NOUN bracis-33649 147 25 # # SYM bracis-33649 147 26 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 147 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 148 1 this this DET bracis-33649 148 2 issue issue NOUN bracis-33649 148 3 can can AUX bracis-33649 148 4 probably probably ADV bracis-33649 148 5 be be AUX bracis-33649 148 6 solved solve VERB bracis-33649 148 7 by by ADP bracis-33649 148 8 adjusting adjust VERB bracis-33649 148 9 some some DET bracis-33649 148 10 inference inference NOUN bracis-33649 148 11 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33649 148 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 149 1 for for ADP bracis-33649 149 2 example example NOUN bracis-33649 149 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 149 4 when when SCONJ bracis-33649 149 5 applying apply VERB bracis-33649 149 6 the the DET bracis-33649 149 7 temperature temperature NOUN bracis-33649 149 8     SPACE bracis-33649 149 9 = = NOUN bracis-33649 149 10     SPACE bracis-33649 149 11 0.1 0.1 NUM bracis-33649 149 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 149 13 repetition repetition VERB bracis-33649 149 14 penalty penalty NOUN bracis-33649 149 15     SPACE bracis-33649 149 16 = = NOUN bracis-33649 149 17     SPACE bracis-33649 149 18 1.2 1.2 NUM bracis-33649 149 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 149 20 the the DET bracis-33649 149 21 output output NOUN bracis-33649 149 22 for for ADP bracis-33649 149 23 error error NOUN bracis-33649 149 24 # # SYM bracis-33649 149 25 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 149 26 would would AUX bracis-33649 149 27 be be AUX bracis-33649 149 28 “ " PUNCT bracis-33649 149 29 por por VERB bracis-33649 149 30 sensação sensação NOUN bracis-33649 149 31 de de X bracis-33649 149 32 pressão pressão NOUN bracis-33649 149 33 no no DET bracis-33649 149 34 peito peito PROPN bracis-33649 149 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 150 1 a a DET bracis-33649 150 2 doença doença NOUN bracis-33649 150 3 foi foi PROPN bracis-33649 150 4 diagnosticada diagnosticada PROPN bracis-33649 150 5 há há PROPN bracis-33649 150 6 mais mais X bracis-33649 150 7 de de X bracis-33649 150 8 um um INTJ bracis-33649 150 9 ano ano PROPN bracis-33649 150 10 atrás atrás PROPN bracis-33649 150 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 150 12 mas mas PROPN bracis-33649 150 13 o o PROPN bracis-33649 150 14 paciente paciente PROPN bracis-33649 150 15 não não PROPN bracis-33649 150 16 tomou tomou PROPN bracis-33649 150 17 nenhuma nenhuma PROPN bracis-33649 150 18 medicação medicação PROPN bracis-33649 150 19 para para PROPN bracis-33649 150 20 tratamento tratamento PROPN bracis-33649 150 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 151 1 o o PROPN bracis-33649 151 2 exame exame PROPN bracis-33649 151 3 clínico clínico PROPN bracis-33649 151 4 revelou revelou PROPN bracis-33649 151 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 151 6 pressão pressão VERB bracis-33649 151 7 arterial arterial NOUN bracis-33649 151 8 sistólica sistólica PROPN bracis-33649 151 9 de de PROPN bracis-33649 151 10 140 140 NUM bracis-33649 151 11     SPACE bracis-33649 151 12 mmhg mmhg NOUN bracis-33649 151 13 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33649 151 14 frequência frequência PROPN bracis-33649 151 15 cardíaca cardíaca PROPN bracis-33649 151 16 regular regular PROPN bracis-33649 151 17 de de PROPN bracis-33649 151 18 76 76 NUM bracis-33649 151 19     SPACE bracis-33649 151 20 bpm bpm NOUN bracis-33649 151 21 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33649 151 22 pulso pulso ADV bracis-33649 151 23 normal normal ADJ bracis-33649 151 24 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33649 151 25 auscultação auscultação PROPN bracis-33649 151 26 cardiovascular cardiovascular ADJ bracis-33649 151 27 sem sem PROPN bracis-33649 151 28 alterações\(\ldots alterações\(\ldots PROPN bracis-33649 151 29 \ \ NOUN bracis-33649 151 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 151 31 ” " PUNCT bracis-33649 151 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 152 1 although although SCONJ bracis-33649 152 2 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 152 3 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 152 4 are be AUX bracis-33649 152 5 known know VERB bracis-33649 152 6 for for ADP bracis-33649 152 7 not not PART bracis-33649 152 8 having have VERB bracis-33649 152 9 a a DET bracis-33649 152 10 standard standard ADJ bracis-33649 152 11 formal formal ADJ bracis-33649 152 12 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 152 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 152 14 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 152 15 each each DET bracis-33649 152 16 physician physician NOUN bracis-33649 152 17 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 152 18 institution institution NOUN bracis-33649 152 19 may may AUX bracis-33649 152 20 establish establish VERB bracis-33649 152 21 a a DET bracis-33649 152 22 different different ADJ bracis-33649 152 23 format format NOUN bracis-33649 152 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 152 25 we we PRON bracis-33649 152 26 expect expect VERB bracis-33649 152 27 a a DET bracis-33649 152 28 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 152 29 note note NOUN bracis-33649 152 30 to to PART bracis-33649 152 31 contain contain VERB bracis-33649 152 32 at at ADP bracis-33649 152 33 least least ADJ bracis-33649 152 34 a a DET bracis-33649 152 35 partial partial ADJ bracis-33649 152 36 description description NOUN bracis-33649 152 37 of of ADP bracis-33649 152 38 the the DET bracis-33649 152 39 patient patient NOUN bracis-33649 152 40 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 152 41 condition condition NOUN bracis-33649 152 42 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 152 43 visit visit NOUN bracis-33649 152 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 152 45 either either CCONJ bracis-33649 152 46 in in ADP bracis-33649 152 47 narrative narrative NOUN bracis-33649 152 48 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 152 49 semi semi ADJ bracis-33649 152 50 - - ADJ bracis-33649 152 51 structured structured ADJ bracis-33649 152 52 form form NOUN bracis-33649 152 53 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 153 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-33649 153 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 153 3 some some DET bracis-33649 153 4 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 153 5 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 153 6 contained contain VERB bracis-33649 153 7 an an DET bracis-33649 153 8 output output NOUN bracis-33649 153 9 more more ADV bracis-33649 153 10 similar similar ADJ bracis-33649 153 11 to to ADP bracis-33649 153 12 a a DET bracis-33649 153 13 test test NOUN bracis-33649 153 14 question question NOUN bracis-33649 153 15 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 153 16 teaching teaching NOUN bracis-33649 153 17 documentation documentation NOUN bracis-33649 153 18 than than ADP bracis-33649 153 19 a a DET bracis-33649 153 20 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 153 21 narrative narrative NOUN bracis-33649 153 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 153 23 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 153 24 shown show VERB bracis-33649 153 25 in in ADP bracis-33649 153 26 error error NOUN bracis-33649 153 27 # # SYM bracis-33649 153 28 1 1 NUM bracis-33649 153 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 153 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 154 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 154 2 was be AUX bracis-33649 154 3 a a DET bracis-33649 154 4 more more ADV bracis-33649 154 5 prevalent prevalent ADJ bracis-33649 154 6 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-33649 154 7 of of ADP bracis-33649 154 8 the the DET bracis-33649 154 9 sabia-7b sabia-7b NOUN bracis-33649 154 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 154 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 154 12 most most ADV bracis-33649 154 13 likely likely ADJ bracis-33649 154 14 due due ADP bracis-33649 154 15 to to ADP bracis-33649 154 16 its its PRON bracis-33649 154 17 training training NOUN bracis-33649 154 18 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 154 19 related relate VERB bracis-33649 154 20 to to ADP bracis-33649 154 21 teaching teach VERB bracis-33649 154 22 exams exam NOUN bracis-33649 154 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 155 1 regarding regard VERB bracis-33649 155 2 the the DET bracis-33649 155 3 problems problem NOUN bracis-33649 155 4 in in ADP bracis-33649 155 5 the the DET bracis-33649 155 6 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 155 7 metric metric ADJ bracis-33649 155 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 155 9 most most ADJ bracis-33649 155 10 of of ADP bracis-33649 155 11 the the DET bracis-33649 155 12 issues issue NOUN bracis-33649 155 13 came come VERB bracis-33649 155 14 from from ADP bracis-33649 155 15 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 155 16 an an DET bracis-33649 155 17 output output NOUN bracis-33649 155 18 in in ADP bracis-33649 155 19 english english PROPN bracis-33649 155 20 instead instead ADV bracis-33649 155 21 of of ADP bracis-33649 155 22 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 155 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 155 24 like like ADP bracis-33649 155 25 on on ADP bracis-33649 155 26 error error NOUN bracis-33649 155 27 # # SYM bracis-33649 155 28 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 155 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 155 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 155 31 being be AUX bracis-33649 155 32 a a DET bracis-33649 155 33 more more ADV bracis-33649 155 34 recurrent recurrent ADJ bracis-33649 155 35 problem problem NOUN bracis-33649 155 36 in in ADP bracis-33649 155 37 the the DET bracis-33649 155 38 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 155 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 155 40 v0.2 v0.2 NOUN bracis-33649 155 41 model model NOUN bracis-33649 155 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 156 1 as as ADP bracis-33649 156 2 for for ADP bracis-33649 156 3 the the DET bracis-33649 156 4 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 156 5 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 156 6 dimension dimension NOUN bracis-33649 156 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 156 8 the the DET bracis-33649 156 9 most most ADV bracis-33649 156 10 complex complex NOUN bracis-33649 156 11 for for SCONJ bracis-33649 156 12 models model NOUN bracis-33649 156 13 to to PART bracis-33649 156 14 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33649 156 15 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-33649 156 16 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 156 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 156 18 most most ADJ bracis-33649 156 19 of of ADP bracis-33649 156 20 the the DET bracis-33649 156 21 problems problem NOUN bracis-33649 156 22 are be AUX bracis-33649 156 23 associated associate VERB bracis-33649 156 24 with with ADP bracis-33649 156 25 the the DET bracis-33649 156 26 use use NOUN bracis-33649 156 27 of of ADP bracis-33649 156 28 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 156 29 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 156 30 that that PRON bracis-33649 156 31 would would AUX bracis-33649 156 32 make make VERB bracis-33649 156 33 sense sense NOUN bracis-33649 156 34 to to PART bracis-33649 156 35 be be AUX bracis-33649 156 36 in in ADP bracis-33649 156 37 that that DET bracis-33649 156 38 text text NOUN bracis-33649 156 39 section section NOUN bracis-33649 156 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 156 41 but but CCONJ bracis-33649 156 42 not not PART bracis-33649 156 43 for for ADP bracis-33649 156 44 the the DET bracis-33649 156 45 patient patient NOUN bracis-33649 156 46 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 156 47 reported report VERB bracis-33649 156 48 condition condition NOUN bracis-33649 156 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 157 1 for for ADP bracis-33649 157 2 example example NOUN bracis-33649 157 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 157 4 error error NOUN bracis-33649 157 5 # # SYM bracis-33649 157 6 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 157 7 shows show VERB bracis-33649 157 8 a a DET bracis-33649 157 9 text text NOUN bracis-33649 157 10 that that PRON bracis-33649 157 11 suggests suggest VERB bracis-33649 157 12 the the DET bracis-33649 157 13 use use NOUN bracis-33649 157 14 of of ADP bracis-33649 157 15 atenolol atenolol PROPN bracis-33649 157 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 157 17 a a DET bracis-33649 157 18 drug drug NOUN bracis-33649 157 19 widely widely ADV bracis-33649 157 20 used use VERB bracis-33649 157 21 to to PART bracis-33649 157 22 treat treat VERB bracis-33649 157 23 hypertension hypertension NOUN bracis-33649 157 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 157 25 for for ADP bracis-33649 157 26 the the DET bracis-33649 157 27 treatment treatment NOUN bracis-33649 157 28 of of ADP bracis-33649 157 29 dyslipidemia dyslipidemia NOUN bracis-33649 157 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 158 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 158 2 is be AUX bracis-33649 158 3 an an DET bracis-33649 158 4 expected expect VERB bracis-33649 158 5 problem problem NOUN bracis-33649 158 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 158 7 given give VERB bracis-33649 158 8 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 158 9 the the DET bracis-33649 158 10 standard standard ADJ bracis-33649 158 11 behavior behavior NOUN bracis-33649 158 12 of of ADP bracis-33649 158 13 models model NOUN bracis-33649 158 14 based base VERB bracis-33649 158 15 on on ADP bracis-33649 158 16 vector vector NOUN bracis-33649 158 17 representations representation NOUN bracis-33649 158 18 interprets interpret VERB bracis-33649 158 19 all all DET bracis-33649 158 20 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 158 21 related relate VERB bracis-33649 158 22 to to ADP bracis-33649 158 23 drugs drug NOUN bracis-33649 158 24 as as ADP bracis-33649 158 25 similar similar ADJ bracis-33649 158 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 158 27 since since SCONJ bracis-33649 158 28 they they PRON bracis-33649 158 29 are be AUX bracis-33649 158 30 always always ADV bracis-33649 158 31 used use VERB bracis-33649 158 32 in in ADP bracis-33649 158 33 similar similar ADJ bracis-33649 158 34 contexts contexts NOUN bracis-33649 158 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 159 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 159 2 also also ADV bracis-33649 159 3 had have VERB bracis-33649 159 4 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 159 5 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 159 6 problems problem NOUN bracis-33649 159 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 8 in in ADP bracis-33649 159 9 which which PRON bracis-33649 159 10 the the DET bracis-33649 159 11 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 159 12 output output NOUN bracis-33649 159 13 uses use VERB bracis-33649 159 14 keywords keyword NOUN bracis-33649 159 15 related relate VERB bracis-33649 159 16 to to ADP bracis-33649 159 17 the the DET bracis-33649 159 18 patient patient NOUN bracis-33649 159 19 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 159 20 context context NOUN bracis-33649 159 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 22 but but CCONJ bracis-33649 159 23 the the DET bracis-33649 159 24 construction construction NOUN bracis-33649 159 25 of of ADP bracis-33649 159 26 sentences sentence NOUN bracis-33649 159 27 with with ADP bracis-33649 159 28 these these DET bracis-33649 159 29 words word NOUN bracis-33649 159 30 does do AUX bracis-33649 159 31 not not PART bracis-33649 159 32 make make VERB bracis-33649 159 33 sense sense NOUN bracis-33649 159 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 35 as as ADP bracis-33649 159 36 in in ADP bracis-33649 159 37 error error NOUN bracis-33649 159 38 # # SYM bracis-33649 159 39 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 159 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 41 where where SCONJ bracis-33649 159 42 the the DET bracis-33649 159 43 word word NOUN bracis-33649 159 44 “ " PUNCT bracis-33649 159 45 dialysis dialysis NOUN bracis-33649 159 46 ” " PUNCT bracis-33649 159 47 makes make VERB bracis-33649 159 48 sense sense NOUN bracis-33649 159 49 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 50 since since SCONJ bracis-33649 159 51 the the DET bracis-33649 159 52 patient patient NOUN bracis-33649 159 53 has have VERB bracis-33649 159 54 chronic chronic ADJ bracis-33649 159 55 kidney kidney NOUN bracis-33649 159 56 disease disease NOUN bracis-33649 159 57 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 159 58 but but CCONJ bracis-33649 159 59 the the DET bracis-33649 159 60 presented present VERB bracis-33649 159 61 sentence sentence NOUN bracis-33649 159 62 does do AUX bracis-33649 159 63 not not PART bracis-33649 159 64 make make VERB bracis-33649 159 65 sense sense NOUN bracis-33649 159 66 from from ADP bracis-33649 159 67 a a DET bracis-33649 159 68 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 159 69 point point NOUN bracis-33649 159 70 of of ADP bracis-33649 159 71 view view NOUN bracis-33649 159 72 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 160 1 table table NOUN bracis-33649 160 2 4 4 NUM bracis-33649 160 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 161 1 examples example NOUN bracis-33649 161 2 of of ADP bracis-33649 161 3 poorly poorly ADV bracis-33649 161 4 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 161 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 161 6 notesfull notesfull NOUN bracis-33649 161 7 size size NOUN bracis-33649 161 8 table table NOUN bracis-33649 161 9 5 5 NUM bracis-33649 161 10 discussion discussion NOUN bracis-33649 161 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 161 12 future future ADJ bracis-33649 161 13 work work NOUN bracis-33649 161 14 in in ADP bracis-33649 161 15 this this DET bracis-33649 161 16 study study NOUN bracis-33649 161 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 161 18 we we PRON bracis-33649 161 19 developed develop VERB bracis-33649 161 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 161 21 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33649 161 22 two two NUM bracis-33649 161 23 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 161 24 large large ADJ bracis-33649 161 25 language language NOUN bracis-33649 161 26 models model NOUN bracis-33649 161 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 161 28 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 161 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 30 br br ADP bracis-33649 161 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 32 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 161 33 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 34 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 161 35 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 161 36 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 161 37 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 38 br br ADP bracis-33649 161 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 40 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 161 41 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 42 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 161 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 161 44 tailored tailor VERB bracis-33649 161 45 for for ADP bracis-33649 161 46 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 161 47 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 161 48 br br NOUN bracis-33649 161 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 162 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 162 2 findings finding NOUN bracis-33649 162 3 showed show VERB bracis-33649 162 4 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 162 5 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 162 6 in in ADP bracis-33649 162 7 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 162 8 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 162 9 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 162 10 text text NOUN bracis-33649 162 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 162 12 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 162 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 162 14 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 162 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 162 16 orthographic orthographic ADJ bracis-33649 162 17 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 162 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 162 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 162 20 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 162 21 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 162 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 163 1 these these DET bracis-33649 163 2 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 163 3 are be AUX bracis-33649 163 4 due due ADJ bracis-33649 163 5 to to ADP bracis-33649 163 6 targeted target VERB bracis-33649 163 7 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 163 8 - - ADJ bracis-33649 163 9 training training ADJ bracis-33649 163 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 163 11 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 163 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 163 13 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 163 14 on on ADP bracis-33649 163 15 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 163 16 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 163 17 using use VERB bracis-33649 163 18 low low ADJ bracis-33649 163 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 163 20 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 163 21 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 163 22 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 163 23 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 163 24 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 163 25 for for ADP bracis-33649 163 26 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 163 27 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 163 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 164 1 the the DET bracis-33649 164 2 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 164 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 4 br br ADP bracis-33649 164 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 6 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 164 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 8 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 164 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 164 10 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 164 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 12 br br ADP bracis-33649 164 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 14 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 164 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 164 16 v0.2 v0.2 NOUN bracis-33649 164 17 models model NOUN bracis-33649 164 18 produced produce VERB bracis-33649 164 19 outputs output NOUN bracis-33649 164 20 that that PRON bracis-33649 164 21 adhered adhere VERB bracis-33649 164 22 to to ADP bracis-33649 164 23 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 164 24 document document NOUN bracis-33649 164 25 norms norm NOUN bracis-33649 164 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 164 27 maintained maintain VERB bracis-33649 164 28 high high ADJ bracis-33649 164 29 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 164 30 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 164 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 164 32 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 164 33 generated generate VERB bracis-33649 164 34 clinically clinically ADV bracis-33649 164 35 coherent coherent ADJ bracis-33649 164 36 content content NOUN bracis-33649 164 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 165 1 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 165 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 165 3 br br ADP bracis-33649 165 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 165 5 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 165 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 165 7 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 165 8 handled handle VERB bracis-33649 165 9 long long ADJ bracis-33649 165 10 contexts context NOUN bracis-33649 165 11 better well ADV bracis-33649 165 12 due due ADP bracis-33649 165 13 to to ADP bracis-33649 165 14 its its PRON bracis-33649 165 15 larger large ADJ bracis-33649 165 16 context context NOUN bracis-33649 165 17 window window NOUN bracis-33649 165 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 165 19 a a DET bracis-33649 165 20 critical critical ADJ bracis-33649 165 21 attribute attribute NOUN bracis-33649 165 22 for for ADP bracis-33649 165 23 long long ADJ bracis-33649 165 24 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 165 25 documents document NOUN bracis-33649 165 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 166 1 it it PRON bracis-33649 166 2 is be AUX bracis-33649 166 3 worth worth ADJ bracis-33649 166 4 noting note VERB bracis-33649 166 5 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 166 6 the the DET bracis-33649 166 7 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 166 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 166 9 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 166 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 166 11 performed perform VERB bracis-33649 166 12 worse bad ADJ bracis-33649 166 13 than than ADP bracis-33649 166 14 llama-2 llama-2 PROPN bracis-33649 166 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 166 16 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 166 17 in in ADP bracis-33649 166 18 all all DET bracis-33649 166 19 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 166 20 criteria criterion NOUN bracis-33649 166 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 166 22 maybe maybe ADV bracis-33649 166 23 due due ADP bracis-33649 166 24 to to ADP bracis-33649 166 25 the the DET bracis-33649 166 26 low low ADJ bracis-33649 166 27 volume volume NOUN bracis-33649 166 28 of of ADP bracis-33649 166 29 pt pt PROPN bracis-33649 166 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 166 31 br br NOUN bracis-33649 166 32 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 166 33 in in ADP bracis-33649 166 34 its its PRON bracis-33649 166 35 training training NOUN bracis-33649 166 36 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 166 37 this this DET bracis-33649 166 38 information information NOUN bracis-33649 166 39 was be AUX bracis-33649 166 40 not not PART bracis-33649 166 41 made make VERB bracis-33649 166 42 available available ADJ bracis-33649 166 43 by by ADP bracis-33649 166 44 the the DET bracis-33649 166 45 team team NOUN bracis-33649 166 46 that that PRON bracis-33649 166 47 developed develop VERB bracis-33649 166 48 the the DET bracis-33649 166 49 model model NOUN bracis-33649 166 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 166 51 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 167 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 167 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 167 3 after after ADP bracis-33649 167 4 our our PRON bracis-33649 167 5 training training NOUN bracis-33649 167 6 on on ADP bracis-33649 167 7 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 167 8 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 167 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 167 10 the the DET bracis-33649 167 11 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 167 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 13 br br ADP bracis-33649 167 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 15 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 167 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 17 v0.2 v0.2 ADJ bracis-33649 167 18 model model NOUN bracis-33649 167 19 performed perform VERB bracis-33649 167 20 better well ADV bracis-33649 167 21 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 167 22 similarly similarly ADV bracis-33649 167 23 to to ADP bracis-33649 167 24 the the DET bracis-33649 167 25 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 167 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 27 br br ADP bracis-33649 167 28 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 29 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 167 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 167 31 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 167 32 model model NOUN bracis-33649 167 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 168 1 this this PRON bracis-33649 168 2 may may AUX bracis-33649 168 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33649 168 4 that that DET bracis-33649 168 5 architectural architectural ADJ bracis-33649 168 6 details detail NOUN bracis-33649 168 7 of of ADP bracis-33649 168 8 the the DET bracis-33649 168 9 mistral mistral NOUN bracis-33649 168 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 168 11 based base VERB bracis-33649 168 12 models model NOUN bracis-33649 168 13 better well ADV bracis-33649 168 14 handle handle VERB bracis-33649 168 15 adjustments adjustment NOUN bracis-33649 168 16 to to ADP bracis-33649 168 17 new new ADJ bracis-33649 168 18 contexts context NOUN bracis-33649 168 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 168 20 a a DET bracis-33649 168 21 low low ADJ bracis-33649 168 22 volume volume NOUN bracis-33649 168 23 of of ADP bracis-33649 168 24 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 168 25 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33649 168 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 168 27 with with ADP bracis-33649 168 28 the the DET bracis-33649 168 29 use use NOUN bracis-33649 168 30 of of ADP bracis-33649 168 31 peft peft ADJ bracis-33649 168 32 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33649 168 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 169 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 169 2 work work NOUN bracis-33649 169 3 focuses focus VERB bracis-33649 169 4 on on ADP bracis-33649 169 5 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 169 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 169 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 169 8 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 169 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 169 10 br br NOUN bracis-33649 169 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 169 12 addressing address VERB bracis-33649 169 13 unique unique ADJ bracis-33649 169 14 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33649 169 15 compared compare VERB bracis-33649 169 16 to to ADP bracis-33649 169 17 models model NOUN bracis-33649 169 18 trained train VERB bracis-33649 169 19 in in ADP bracis-33649 169 20 other other ADJ bracis-33649 169 21 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 169 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 170 1 this this DET bracis-33649 170 2 distinction distinction NOUN bracis-33649 170 3 is be AUX bracis-33649 170 4 critical critical ADJ bracis-33649 170 5 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 170 6 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 170 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 170 8 br br NOUN bracis-33649 170 9 linguistic linguistic ADJ bracis-33649 170 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 170 11 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 170 12 terminologies terminology NOUN bracis-33649 170 13 differ differ VERB bracis-33649 170 14 significantly significantly ADV bracis-33649 170 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 170 16 affecting affect VERB bracis-33649 170 17 model model NOUN bracis-33649 170 18 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33649 170 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 171 1 biomistral biomistral ADJ bracis-33649 171 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 171 3 meditron meditron PROPN bracis-33649 171 4 models model NOUN bracis-33649 171 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 171 6 trained train VERB bracis-33649 171 7 on on ADP bracis-33649 171 8 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-33649 171 9 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 171 10 corpora corpora PROPN bracis-33649 171 11 like like ADP bracis-33649 171 12 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 171 13 central central PROPN bracis-33649 171 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 171 15 show show VERB bracis-33649 171 16 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 171 17 gains gain NOUN bracis-33649 171 18 in in ADP bracis-33649 171 19 english english PROPN bracis-33649 171 20 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 171 21 qa qa PROPN bracis-33649 171 22 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 171 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 172 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 172 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 172 3 our our PRON bracis-33649 172 4 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 172 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 172 6 br br NOUN bracis-33649 172 7 models model NOUN bracis-33649 172 8 face face VERB bracis-33649 172 9 fewer few ADJ bracis-33649 172 10 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 172 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 172 12 less less ADV bracis-33649 172 13 standardized standardized ADJ bracis-33649 172 14 evaluations evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 172 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 172 16 complicating complicate VERB bracis-33649 172 17 direct direct ADJ bracis-33649 172 18 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 172 19 comparisons comparison NOUN bracis-33649 172 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 173 1 gatortrongpt gatortrongpt NOUN bracis-33649 173 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 173 3 openbiollm-70b openbiollm-70b PROPN bracis-33649 173 4 handle handle VERB bracis-33649 173 5 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-33649 173 6 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 173 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 173 8 in in ADP bracis-33649 173 9 english english PROPN bracis-33649 173 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 173 11 showcasing showcase VERB bracis-33649 173 12 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 173 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 173 14 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 173 15 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 173 16 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 173 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 174 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 174 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33649 174 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 174 4 our our PRON bracis-33649 174 5 approach approach NOUN bracis-33649 174 6 optimizes optimize VERB bracis-33649 174 7 limited limited ADJ bracis-33649 174 8 resources resource NOUN bracis-33649 174 9 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 174 10 maintaining maintain VERB bracis-33649 174 11 high high ADJ bracis-33649 174 12 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 174 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 174 14 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 174 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 174 16 br br NOUN bracis-33649 174 17 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 174 18 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 174 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 174 20 emphasizing emphasize VERB bracis-33649 174 21 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 174 22 efficiency efficiency NOUN bracis-33649 174 23 with with ADP bracis-33649 174 24 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33649 174 25 like like ADP bracis-33649 174 26 lora lora PROPN bracis-33649 174 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 175 1 this this DET bracis-33649 175 2 aspect aspect NOUN bracis-33649 175 3 is be AUX bracis-33649 175 4 crucial crucial ADJ bracis-33649 175 5 for for ADP bracis-33649 175 6 making make VERB bracis-33649 175 7 advanced advanced ADJ bracis-33649 175 8 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 175 9 accessible accessible ADJ bracis-33649 175 10 to to ADP bracis-33649 175 11 research research VERB bracis-33649 175 12 communities community NOUN bracis-33649 175 13 with with ADP bracis-33649 175 14 limited limited ADJ bracis-33649 175 15 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 175 16 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN bracis-33649 175 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 176 1 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 176 2 protocols protocol NOUN bracis-33649 176 3 often often ADV bracis-33649 176 4 involve involve VERB bracis-33649 176 5 well well ADV bracis-33649 176 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 176 7 defined define VERB bracis-33649 176 8 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 176 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 176 10 english english PROPN bracis-33649 176 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 177 1 biomistral biomistral PROPN bracis-33649 177 2 ’s ’s PART bracis-33649 177 3 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 177 4 includes include VERB bracis-33649 177 5 multilingual multilingual ADJ bracis-33649 177 6 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 177 7 qa qa PROPN bracis-33649 177 8 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 177 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 177 10 reflecting reflect VERB bracis-33649 177 11 its its PRON bracis-33649 177 12 capabilities capability NOUN bracis-33649 177 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 178 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 178 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 178 3 metrics metric NOUN bracis-33649 178 4 are be AUX bracis-33649 178 5 tailored tailor VERB bracis-33649 178 6 to to ADP bracis-33649 178 7 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 178 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 178 9 br br NOUN bracis-33649 178 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 178 11 ensuring ensure VERB bracis-33649 178 12 relevance relevance NOUN bracis-33649 178 13 but but CCONJ bracis-33649 178 14 limiting limit VERB bracis-33649 178 15 direct direct ADJ bracis-33649 178 16 comparisons comparison NOUN bracis-33649 178 17 with with ADP bracis-33649 178 18 english english ADJ bracis-33649 178 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 178 20 centric centric ADJ bracis-33649 178 21 models model NOUN bracis-33649 178 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 179 1 as as ADP bracis-33649 179 2 another another DET bracis-33649 179 3 limitation limitation NOUN bracis-33649 179 4 in in ADP bracis-33649 179 5 the the DET bracis-33649 179 6 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 179 7 protocol protocol NOUN bracis-33649 179 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 179 9 our our PRON bracis-33649 179 10 project project NOUN bracis-33649 179 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 179 12 we we PRON bracis-33649 179 13 can can AUX bracis-33649 179 14 mention mention VERB bracis-33649 179 15 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 179 16 the the DET bracis-33649 179 17 use use NOUN bracis-33649 179 18 of of ADP bracis-33649 179 19 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 179 20 students student NOUN bracis-33649 179 21 may may AUX bracis-33649 179 22 not not PART bracis-33649 179 23 have have AUX bracis-33649 179 24 been be AUX bracis-33649 179 25 an an DET bracis-33649 179 26 optimal optimal ADJ bracis-33649 179 27 solution solution NOUN bracis-33649 179 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 179 29 especially especially ADV bracis-33649 179 30 when when SCONJ bracis-33649 179 31 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33649 179 32 the the DET bracis-33649 179 33 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 179 34 cohesion cohesion NOUN bracis-33649 179 35 of of ADP bracis-33649 179 36 the the DET bracis-33649 179 37 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 179 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 179 39 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 179 40 students student NOUN bracis-33649 179 41 have have VERB bracis-33649 179 42 limited limited ADJ bracis-33649 179 43 expertise expertise NOUN bracis-33649 179 44 regarding regard VERB bracis-33649 179 45 some some DET bracis-33649 179 46 conditions condition NOUN bracis-33649 179 47 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 179 48 treatments treatment NOUN bracis-33649 179 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 180 1 moreover moreover ADV bracis-33649 180 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 180 3 the the DET bracis-33649 180 4 length length NOUN bracis-33649 180 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 180 6 the the DET bracis-33649 180 7 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 180 8 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 180 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 180 10 a a DET bracis-33649 180 11 critical critical ADJ bracis-33649 180 12 factor factor NOUN bracis-33649 180 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 180 14 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 180 15 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 180 16 health health NOUN bracis-33649 180 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 180 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 180 19 was be AUX bracis-33649 180 20 not not PART bracis-33649 180 21 included include VERB bracis-33649 180 22 in in ADP bracis-33649 180 23 our our PRON bracis-33649 180 24 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 180 25 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 180 26 cohesion cohesion NOUN bracis-33649 180 27 assessment assessment NOUN bracis-33649 180 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 181 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 181 2 primary primary ADJ bracis-33649 181 3 aim aim NOUN bracis-33649 181 4 was be AUX bracis-33649 181 5 to to PART bracis-33649 181 6 identify identify VERB bracis-33649 181 7 the the DET bracis-33649 181 8 impact impact NOUN bracis-33649 181 9 of of ADP bracis-33649 181 10 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 181 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 181 12 br br NOUN bracis-33649 181 13 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 181 14 training training NOUN bracis-33649 181 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 181 16 on on ADP bracis-33649 181 17 model model NOUN bracis-33649 181 18 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 181 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 181 20 even even ADV bracis-33649 181 21 in in ADP bracis-33649 181 22 small small ADJ bracis-33649 181 23 volumes volume NOUN bracis-33649 181 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 181 25 compared compare VERB bracis-33649 181 26 to to ADP bracis-33649 181 27 existing exist VERB bracis-33649 181 28 models model NOUN bracis-33649 181 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 182 1 consequently consequently ADV bracis-33649 182 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 182 3 our our PRON bracis-33649 182 4 models model NOUN bracis-33649 182 5 are be AUX bracis-33649 182 6 not not PART bracis-33649 182 7 recommended recommend VERB bracis-33649 182 8 for for ADP bracis-33649 182 9 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 182 10 fully fully ADV bracis-33649 182 11 coherent coherent ADJ bracis-33649 182 12 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 182 13 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 182 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 183 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33649 183 2 high high ADJ bracis-33649 183 3 scores score NOUN bracis-33649 183 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 183 5 we we PRON bracis-33649 183 6 did do AUX bracis-33649 183 7 not not PART bracis-33649 183 8 consider consider VERB bracis-33649 183 9 the the DET bracis-33649 183 10 note note NOUN bracis-33649 183 11 length length NOUN bracis-33649 183 12 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 183 13 completeness completeness NOUN bracis-33649 183 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 183 15 leading lead VERB bracis-33649 183 16 models model NOUN bracis-33649 183 17 to to PART bracis-33649 183 18 sometimes sometimes ADV bracis-33649 183 19 generate generate VERB bracis-33649 183 20 only only ADV bracis-33649 183 21 a a DET bracis-33649 183 22 few few ADJ bracis-33649 183 23 words word NOUN bracis-33649 183 24 post post ADJ bracis-33649 183 25 - - NOUN bracis-33649 183 26 input input NOUN bracis-33649 183 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 184 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-33649 184 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 184 3 using use VERB bracis-33649 184 4 other other ADJ bracis-33649 184 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 184 6 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 184 7 as as SCONJ bracis-33649 184 8 input input NOUN bracis-33649 184 9 references reference NOUN bracis-33649 184 10 may may AUX bracis-33649 184 11 complicate complicate VERB bracis-33649 184 12 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 184 13 data data NOUN bracis-33649 184 14 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 184 15 in in ADP bracis-33649 184 16 environments environment NOUN bracis-33649 184 17 with with ADP bracis-33649 184 18 limited limited ADJ bracis-33649 184 19 real real ADJ bracis-33649 184 20 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 184 21 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 184 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 185 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33649 185 2 our our PRON bracis-33649 185 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 185 4 show show VERB bracis-33649 185 5 promising promising ADJ bracis-33649 185 6 results result NOUN bracis-33649 185 7 in in ADP bracis-33649 185 8 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 185 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 185 10 br br NOUN bracis-33649 185 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 185 12 future future ADJ bracis-33649 185 13 work work NOUN bracis-33649 185 14 should should AUX bracis-33649 185 15 aim aim VERB bracis-33649 185 16 to to ADP bracis-33649 185 17 fine fine ADJ bracis-33649 185 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 185 19 tune tune NOUN bracis-33649 185 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 185 21 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33649 185 22 the the DET bracis-33649 185 23 models model NOUN bracis-33649 185 24 in in ADP bracis-33649 185 25 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 185 26 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33649 185 27 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 185 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 185 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 185 30 align align ADJ bracis-33649 185 31 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 185 32 protocols protocol NOUN bracis-33649 185 33 more more ADV bracis-33649 185 34 closely closely ADV bracis-33649 185 35 with with ADP bracis-33649 185 36 international international ADJ bracis-33649 185 37 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 185 38 to to PART bracis-33649 185 39 facilitate facilitate VERB bracis-33649 185 40 better well ADJ bracis-33649 185 41 comparisons comparison NOUN bracis-33649 185 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 186 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 186 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-33649 186 3 to to ADP bracis-33649 186 4 also also ADV bracis-33649 186 5 building build VERB bracis-33649 186 6 more more ADV bracis-33649 186 7 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 186 8 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 186 9 for for ADP bracis-33649 186 10 the the DET bracis-33649 186 11 context context NOUN bracis-33649 186 12 of of ADP bracis-33649 186 13 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 186 14 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 186 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 186 16 which which PRON bracis-33649 186 17 have have VERB bracis-33649 186 18 a a DET bracis-33649 186 19 very very ADV bracis-33649 186 20 peculiar peculiar ADJ bracis-33649 186 21 format format NOUN bracis-33649 186 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 186 23 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 186 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 186 25 differing differ VERB bracis-33649 186 26 greatly greatly ADV bracis-33649 186 27 from from ADP bracis-33649 186 28 scientific scientific ADJ bracis-33649 186 29 articles article NOUN bracis-33649 186 30 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 186 31 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 186 32 licensing licensing NOUN bracis-33649 186 33 exams exam NOUN bracis-33649 186 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 187 1 furthermore furthermore ADV bracis-33649 187 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 187 3 expanding expand VERB bracis-33649 187 4 our our PRON bracis-33649 187 5 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 187 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 187 7 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-33649 187 8 more more ADV bracis-33649 187 9 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33649 187 10 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 187 11 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 187 12 can can AUX bracis-33649 187 13 enhance enhance VERB bracis-33649 187 14 model model NOUN bracis-33649 187 15 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33649 187 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 187 17 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33649 187 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 188 1 training train VERB bracis-33649 188 2 a a DET bracis-33649 188 3 model model NOUN bracis-33649 188 4 with with ADP bracis-33649 188 5 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 188 6 records record NOUN bracis-33649 188 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 188 8 tends tend VERB bracis-33649 188 9 to to PART bracis-33649 188 10 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 188 11 better well ADV bracis-33649 188 12 in in ADP bracis-33649 188 13 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 188 14 related relate VERB bracis-33649 188 15 to to ADP bracis-33649 188 16 data data NOUN bracis-33649 188 17 extraction extraction NOUN bracis-33649 188 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 188 19 interpretation interpretation NOUN bracis-33649 188 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 188 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 188 22 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 188 23 in in ADP bracis-33649 188 24 this this DET bracis-33649 188 25 context context NOUN bracis-33649 188 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 189 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 189 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 189 3 we we PRON bracis-33649 189 4 understand understand VERB bracis-33649 189 5 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 189 6 several several ADJ bracis-33649 189 7 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 189 8 in in ADP bracis-33649 189 9 the the DET bracis-33649 189 10 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 189 11 field field NOUN bracis-33649 189 12 involve involve VERB bracis-33649 189 13 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 189 14 reasoning reasoning NOUN bracis-33649 189 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 189 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 189 17 much much ADJ bracis-33649 189 18 of of ADP bracis-33649 189 19 the the DET bracis-33649 189 20 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33649 189 21 needed need VERB bracis-33649 189 22 for for SCONJ bracis-33649 189 23 the the DET bracis-33649 189 24 model model NOUN bracis-33649 189 25 to to PART bracis-33649 189 26 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 189 27 this this DET bracis-33649 189 28 type type NOUN bracis-33649 189 29 of of ADP bracis-33649 189 30 inference inference NOUN bracis-33649 189 31 is be AUX bracis-33649 189 32 found find VERB bracis-33649 189 33 in in ADP bracis-33649 189 34 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 189 35 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 189 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 189 37 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 189 38 question question NOUN bracis-33649 189 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 189 40 answering answer VERB bracis-33649 189 41 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33649 189 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 190 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 190 2 this this DET bracis-33649 190 3 context context NOUN bracis-33649 190 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 190 5 we we PRON bracis-33649 190 6 intend intend VERB bracis-33649 190 7 to to PART bracis-33649 190 8 expand expand VERB bracis-33649 190 9 our our PRON bracis-33649 190 10 models model NOUN bracis-33649 190 11 to to ADP bracis-33649 190 12 the the DET bracis-33649 190 13 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 190 14 context context NOUN bracis-33649 190 15 as as ADV bracis-33649 190 16 well well ADV bracis-33649 190 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 190 18 so so SCONJ bracis-33649 190 19 that that SCONJ bracis-33649 190 20 they they PRON bracis-33649 190 21 are be AUX bracis-33649 190 22 able able ADJ bracis-33649 190 23 to to PART bracis-33649 190 24 deal deal VERB bracis-33649 190 25 well well ADV bracis-33649 190 26 with with ADP bracis-33649 190 27 all all DET bracis-33649 190 28 types type NOUN bracis-33649 190 29 of of ADP bracis-33649 190 30 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 190 31 data datum NOUN bracis-33649 190 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 191 1 by by ADP bracis-33649 191 2 addressing address VERB bracis-33649 191 3 these these DET bracis-33649 191 4 differences difference NOUN bracis-33649 191 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 191 6 we we PRON bracis-33649 191 7 highlight highlight VERB bracis-33649 191 8 the the DET bracis-33649 191 9 unique unique ADJ bracis-33649 191 10 contributions contribution NOUN bracis-33649 191 11 of of ADP bracis-33649 191 12 our our PRON bracis-33649 191 13 work work NOUN bracis-33649 191 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 191 15 set set VERB bracis-33649 191 16 the the DET bracis-33649 191 17 stage stage NOUN bracis-33649 191 18 for for ADP bracis-33649 191 19 future future ADJ bracis-33649 191 20 advancements advancement NOUN bracis-33649 191 21 in in ADP bracis-33649 191 22 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 191 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 191 24 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33649 191 25 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 191 26 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 191 27 across across ADP bracis-33649 191 28 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33649 191 29 languages language NOUN bracis-33649 191 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 191 31 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 191 32 settings setting NOUN bracis-33649 191 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 192 1 6 6 NUM bracis-33649 192 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN bracis-33649 192 3 this this DET bracis-33649 192 4 study study NOUN bracis-33649 192 5 focused focus VERB bracis-33649 192 6 on on ADP bracis-33649 192 7 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 192 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 192 9 evaluating evaluate VERB bracis-33649 192 10 two two NUM bracis-33649 192 11 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 192 12 large large ADJ bracis-33649 192 13 language language NOUN bracis-33649 192 14 models model NOUN bracis-33649 192 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 192 16 clinical clinical NOUN bracis-33649 192 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 18 br br ADP bracis-33649 192 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 20 llama-2 llama-2 NOUN bracis-33649 192 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 22 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 192 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 192 24 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 192 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 26 br br ADP bracis-33649 192 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 28 mistral-7b mistral-7b NOUN bracis-33649 192 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 192 30 v0.2 v0.2 ADV bracis-33649 192 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 192 32 made make VERB bracis-33649 192 33 for for ADP bracis-33649 192 34 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 192 35 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 192 36 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 192 37 context context NOUN bracis-33649 192 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 193 1 these these DET bracis-33649 193 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 193 3 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33649 193 4 significant significant ADJ bracis-33649 193 5 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 193 6 over over ADP bracis-33649 193 7 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33649 193 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 193 9 in in ADP bracis-33649 193 10 generating generate VERB bracis-33649 193 11 synthetic synthetic ADJ bracis-33649 193 12 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 193 13 text text NOUN bracis-33649 193 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 193 15 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 193 16 in in ADP bracis-33649 193 17 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 193 18 of of ADP bracis-33649 193 19 authenticity authenticity NOUN bracis-33649 193 20 of of ADP bracis-33649 193 21 format format NOUN bracis-33649 193 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 193 23 structure structure NOUN bracis-33649 193 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 193 25 spelling spelling NOUN bracis-33649 193 26 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33649 193 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 193 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 193 29 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 193 30 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 193 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 193 32 largely largely ADV bracis-33649 193 33 due due ADJ bracis-33649 193 34 to to ADP bracis-33649 193 35 the the DET bracis-33649 193 36 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 193 37 use use NOUN bracis-33649 193 38 of of ADP bracis-33649 193 39 the the DET bracis-33649 193 40 lora lora NOUN bracis-33649 193 41 technique technique NOUN bracis-33649 193 42 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 193 43 continued continue VERB bracis-33649 193 44 pretraining pretraine VERB bracis-33649 193 45 on on ADP bracis-33649 193 46 a a DET bracis-33649 193 47 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 193 48 of of ADP bracis-33649 193 49 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 193 50 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 193 51 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 194 1 the the DET bracis-33649 194 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 194 3 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33649 194 4 performance performance NOUN bracis-33649 194 5 underscores underscore VERB bracis-33649 194 6 the the DET bracis-33649 194 7 potential potential NOUN bracis-33649 194 8 for for ADP bracis-33649 194 9 integrating integrate VERB bracis-33649 194 10 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 194 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 194 12 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 194 13 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 194 14 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 194 15 into into ADP bracis-33649 194 16 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 194 17 practice practice NOUN bracis-33649 194 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 194 19 facilitating facilitate VERB bracis-33649 194 20 the the DET bracis-33649 194 21 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 194 22 of of ADP bracis-33649 194 23 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 194 24 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 194 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 194 26 supporting support VERB bracis-33649 194 27 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 194 28 research research NOUN bracis-33649 194 29 in in ADP bracis-33649 194 30 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 194 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 194 32 speaking speak VERB bracis-33649 194 33 contexts contexts NOUN bracis-33649 194 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 195 1 however however ADV bracis-33649 195 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 195 3 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33649 195 4 such such ADJ bracis-33649 195 5 as as ADP bracis-33649 195 6 the the DET bracis-33649 195 7 subjectivity subjectivity NOUN bracis-33649 195 8 of of ADP bracis-33649 195 9 the the DET bracis-33649 195 10 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 195 11 protocol protocol NOUN bracis-33649 195 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 195 13 the the DET bracis-33649 195 14 expertise expertise NOUN bracis-33649 195 15 of of ADP bracis-33649 195 16 the the DET bracis-33649 195 17 evaluators evaluator NOUN bracis-33649 195 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 195 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 195 20 the the DET bracis-33649 195 21 scope scope NOUN bracis-33649 195 22 of of ADP bracis-33649 195 23 the the DET bracis-33649 195 24 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 195 25 highlight highlight NOUN bracis-33649 195 26 areas area NOUN bracis-33649 195 27 for for ADP bracis-33649 195 28 further further ADJ bracis-33649 195 29 enhancement enhancement NOUN bracis-33649 195 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 196 1 future future ADJ bracis-33649 196 2 research research NOUN bracis-33649 196 3 should should AUX bracis-33649 196 4 aim aim VERB bracis-33649 196 5 to to PART bracis-33649 196 6 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 196 7 the the DET bracis-33649 196 8 models model NOUN bracis-33649 196 9 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 196 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 196 11 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 196 12 for for ADP bracis-33649 196 13 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 196 14 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 196 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 196 16 align align ADJ bracis-33649 196 17 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33649 196 18 protocols protocol NOUN bracis-33649 196 19 with with ADP bracis-33649 196 20 international international ADJ bracis-33649 196 21 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 196 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 196 23 build build VERB bracis-33649 196 24 specific specific ADJ bracis-33649 196 25 benchmarks benchmark NOUN bracis-33649 196 26 for for ADP bracis-33649 196 27 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 196 28 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 196 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 196 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 196 31 expand expand VERB bracis-33649 196 32 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33649 196 33 to to PART bracis-33649 196 34 include include VERB bracis-33649 196 35 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33649 196 36 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 196 37 narratives narrative NOUN bracis-33649 196 38 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 196 39 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 196 40 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 196 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 197 1 these these DET bracis-33649 197 2 efforts effort NOUN bracis-33649 197 3 will will AUX bracis-33649 197 4 help help VERB bracis-33649 197 5 improve improve VERB bracis-33649 197 6 model model NOUN bracis-33649 197 7 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33649 197 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 197 9 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33649 197 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 197 11 enabling enable VERB bracis-33649 197 12 the the DET bracis-33649 197 13 models model NOUN bracis-33649 197 14 to to PART bracis-33649 197 15 perform perform VERB bracis-33649 197 16 better well ADV bracis-33649 197 17 in in ADP bracis-33649 197 18 various various ADJ bracis-33649 197 19 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 197 20 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 197 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 198 1 our our PRON bracis-33649 198 2 work work NOUN bracis-33649 198 3 highlights highlight VERB bracis-33649 198 4 the the DET bracis-33649 198 5 feasibility feasibility NOUN bracis-33649 198 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 198 7 creating create VERB bracis-33649 198 8 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 198 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 198 10 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 198 11 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 198 12 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 198 13 for for ADP bracis-33649 198 14 pt pt NOUN bracis-33649 198 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 198 16 br br NOUN bracis-33649 198 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 198 18 paving pave VERB bracis-33649 198 19 the the DET bracis-33649 198 20 way way NOUN bracis-33649 198 21 for for ADP bracis-33649 198 22 their their PRON bracis-33649 198 23 broader broad ADJ bracis-33649 198 24 adoption adoption NOUN bracis-33649 198 25 in in ADP bracis-33649 198 26 healthcare healthcare PROPN bracis-33649 198 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 199 1 continued continue VERB bracis-33649 199 2 improvements improvement NOUN bracis-33649 199 3 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 199 4 expansions expansion NOUN bracis-33649 199 5 will will AUX bracis-33649 199 6 contribute contribute VERB bracis-33649 199 7 to to ADP bracis-33649 199 8 more more ADV bracis-33649 199 9 accurate accurate ADJ bracis-33649 199 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 199 11 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 199 12 healthcare healthcare NOUN bracis-33649 199 13 solutions solution NOUN bracis-33649 199 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 199 15 benefiting benefit VERB bracis-33649 199 16 both both DET bracis-33649 199 17 patients patient NOUN bracis-33649 199 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 199 19 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 199 20 professionals professional NOUN bracis-33649 199 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 200 1 notes note VERB bracis-33649 200 2 1.https://github.com/hailab-pucpr/med-llm-br/. 1.https://github.com/hailab-pucpr/med-llm-br/. NUM bracis-33649 200 3 2.https://github.com/fabioacl/portugueseclinicalner 2.https://github.com/fabioacl/portugueseclinicalner NUM bracis-33649 200 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 201 1 references reference NOUN bracis-33649 201 2 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33649 201 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 4 t.s t.s PROPN bracis-33649 201 5 . . PROPN bracis-33649 201 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 7 abonizio abonizio PROPN bracis-33649 201 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 9 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 201 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 11 nogueira nogueira PROPN bracis-33649 201 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 13 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 201 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 15 pires pire NOUN bracis-33649 201 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 17 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 201 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 201 19 sabiá-2 sabiá-2 NUM bracis-33649 201 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 201 21 a a DET bracis-33649 201 22 new new ADJ bracis-33649 201 23 generation generation NOUN bracis-33649 201 24 of of ADP bracis-33649 201 25 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 201 26 large large ADJ bracis-33649 201 27 language language NOUN bracis-33649 201 28 models model NOUN bracis-33649 201 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 201 30 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 201 31 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 201 32 google google NOUN bracis-33649 201 33 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 201 34     SPACE bracis-33649 201 35 ankit ankit PROPN bracis-33649 201 36     SPACE bracis-33649 201 37 pal pal NOUN bracis-33649 201 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 201 39 m.s m.s PROPN bracis-33649 201 40 . . PROPN bracis-33649 201 41 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 201 42 openbiollms openbiollm NOUN bracis-33649 201 43 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 201 44 advancing advance VERB bracis-33649 201 45 open open ADJ bracis-33649 201 46 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 201 47 source source NOUN bracis-33649 201 48 large large ADJ bracis-33649 201 49 language language NOUN bracis-33649 201 50 models model NOUN bracis-33649 201 51 for for ADP bracis-33649 201 52 healthcare healthcare NOUN bracis-33649 201 53 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 201 54 life life NOUN bracis-33649 201 55 sciences science NOUN bracis-33649 201 56 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 201 57 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 201 58 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 201 59 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 202 1 https://huggingface.co/aaditya/openbiollm-llama3-70b https://huggingface.co/aaditya/openbiollm-llama3-70b PROPN bracis-33649 202 2 brown brown PROPN bracis-33649 202 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 202 4 t.b t.b PROPN bracis-33649 202 5 . . PROPN bracis-33649 202 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 202 7 mann mann PROPN bracis-33649 202 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 202 9 b. b. PROPN bracis-33649 202 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 202 11 et et PROPN bracis-33649 202 12     SPACE bracis-33649 202 13 al al PROPN bracis-33649 202 14 . . PROPN bracis-33649 202 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 203 1 language language NOUN bracis-33649 203 2 models model NOUN bracis-33649 203 3 are be AUX bracis-33649 203 4 few few ADJ bracis-33649 203 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 203 6 shot shot NOUN bracis-33649 203 7 learners learner NOUN bracis-33649 203 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 203 9 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33649 203 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 203 11 google google PROPN bracis-33649 203 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 203 13     SPACE bracis-33649 203 14 chen chen PROPN bracis-33649 203 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 203 16 z. z. PROPN bracis-33649 203 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 203 18 cano cano PROPN bracis-33649 203 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 203 20 a.h a.h PROPN bracis-33649 203 21 . . PROPN bracis-33649 203 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 203 23 et et PROPN bracis-33649 203 24     SPACE bracis-33649 203 25 al al PROPN bracis-33649 203 26 . . PROPN bracis-33649 203 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 204 1 meditron-70b meditron-70b NOUN bracis-33649 204 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 204 3 scaling scale VERB bracis-33649 204 4 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 204 5 pretraining pretraine VERB bracis-33649 204 6 for for ADP bracis-33649 204 7 large large ADJ bracis-33649 204 8 language language NOUN bracis-33649 204 9 models model NOUN bracis-33649 204 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 204 11 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 204 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 204 13 google google NOUN bracis-33649 204 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 204 15     SPACE bracis-33649 204 16 clusmann clusmann PROPN bracis-33649 204 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 204 18 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 204 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 204 20 et et PROPN bracis-33649 204 21 al al PROPN bracis-33649 204 22 . . PROPN bracis-33649 204 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 205 1 the the DET bracis-33649 205 2 future future ADJ bracis-33649 205 3 landscape landscape NOUN bracis-33649 205 4 of of ADP bracis-33649 205 5 large large ADJ bracis-33649 205 6 language language NOUN bracis-33649 205 7 models model NOUN bracis-33649 205 8 in in ADP bracis-33649 205 9 medicine medicine NOUN bracis-33649 205 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 206 1 commun commun PROPN bracis-33649 206 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 207 1 med med PROPN bracis-33649 207 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 208 1 3(1 3(1 NUM bracis-33649 208 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 209 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 209 2 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 209 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 209 4 google google NOUN bracis-33649 209 5 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 209 6     SPACE bracis-33649 209 7 conneau conneau NOUN bracis-33649 209 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 209 9 a. a. PROPN bracis-33649 209 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 209 11 et et PROPN bracis-33649 209 12 al al PROPN bracis-33649 209 13 . . PROPN bracis-33649 209 14 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 210 1 unsupervised unsupervised ADJ bracis-33649 210 2 cross cross ADJ bracis-33649 210 3 - - ADJ bracis-33649 210 4 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33649 210 5 representation representation NOUN bracis-33649 210 6 learning learn VERB bracis-33649 210 7 at at ADP bracis-33649 210 8 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 210 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 210 10 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33649 210 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 210 12 google google PROPN bracis-33649 210 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 210 14     SPACE bracis-33649 210 15 devlin devlin PROPN bracis-33649 210 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 17 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 210 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 19 chang chang PROPN bracis-33649 210 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 21 m.w m.w PROPN bracis-33649 210 22 . . PROPN bracis-33649 210 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 24 lee lee PROPN bracis-33649 210 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 26 k. k. PROPN bracis-33649 210 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 28 toutanova toutanova PROPN bracis-33649 210 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 210 30 k. k. PROPN bracis-33649 210 31 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 211 1 bert bert PROPN bracis-33649 211 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 211 3 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 211 4 - - NOUN bracis-33649 211 5 training training NOUN bracis-33649 211 6 of of ADP bracis-33649 211 7 deep deep ADJ bracis-33649 211 8 bidirectional bidirectional ADJ bracis-33649 211 9 transformers transformer NOUN bracis-33649 211 10 for for ADP bracis-33649 211 11 language language NOUN bracis-33649 211 12 understanding understanding NOUN bracis-33649 211 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 211 14 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33649 211 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 211 16 google google NOUN bracis-33649 211 17 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 211 18     SPACE bracis-33649 211 19 dias dias PROPN bracis-33649 211 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 211 21 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 211 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 211 23 ulbrich ulbrich PROPN bracis-33649 211 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 211 25 a.h.d.p.d a.h.d.p.d ADJ bracis-33649 211 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 211 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 211 28 brateca brateca NOUN bracis-33649 211 29 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 211 30 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 211 31 tertiary tertiary ADJ bracis-33649 211 32 care care NOUN bracis-33649 211 33 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 211 34 ): ): PUNCT bracis-33649 211 35 a a DET bracis-33649 211 36 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 211 37 information information NOUN bracis-33649 211 38 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33649 211 39 for for ADP bracis-33649 211 40 the the DET bracis-33649 211 41 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 211 42 language language NOUN bracis-33649 211 43 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 211 44 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33649 211 45 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 211 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 212 1 https://physionet.org/content/brateca/1.1/ https://physionet.org/content/brateca/1.1/ PROPN bracis-33649 212 2 garcia garcia PROPN bracis-33649 212 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 212 4 g.l g.l PROPN bracis-33649 212 5 . . PROPN bracis-33649 212 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 212 7 et et PROPN bracis-33649 212 8 al al PROPN bracis-33649 212 9 . . PROPN bracis-33649 212 10 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 213 1 introducing introduce VERB bracis-33649 213 2 bode bode NOUN bracis-33649 213 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 213 4 a a DET bracis-33649 213 5 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 213 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 213 7 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 213 8 large large ADJ bracis-33649 213 9 language language NOUN bracis-33649 213 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 213 11 for for ADP bracis-33649 213 12 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 213 13 prompt prompt NOUN bracis-33649 213 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 213 15 based base VERB bracis-33649 213 16 task task NOUN bracis-33649 213 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 213 18 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 213 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 213 20 google google NOUN bracis-33649 213 21 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 213 22     SPACE bracis-33649 213 23 goldberger goldberger NOUN bracis-33649 213 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 213 25 a.l a.l PROPN bracis-33649 213 26 . . PROPN bracis-33649 213 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 213 28 et et PROPN bracis-33649 213 29 al al PROPN bracis-33649 213 30 . . PROPN bracis-33649 213 31 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 214 1 physiobank physiobank ADJ bracis-33649 214 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 214 3 physiotoolkit physiotoolkit NOUN bracis-33649 214 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 214 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 214 6 physionet physionet NOUN bracis-33649 214 7 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 214 8 components component NOUN bracis-33649 214 9 of of ADP bracis-33649 214 10 a a DET bracis-33649 214 11 new new ADJ bracis-33649 214 12 research research NOUN bracis-33649 214 13 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 214 14 for for ADP bracis-33649 214 15 complex complex ADJ bracis-33649 214 16 physiologic physiologic ADJ bracis-33649 214 17 signals signal NOUN bracis-33649 214 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 215 1 circulation circulation NOUN bracis-33649 215 2 101(23 101(23 NOUN bracis-33649 215 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 215 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 215 5 e215 e215 PROPN bracis-33649 215 6 – – PUNCT bracis-33649 215 7 e220 e220 PROPN bracis-33649 215 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 215 9 2000 2000 NUM bracis-33649 215 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 215 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 216 1 [ [ X bracis-33649 216 2 online online X bracis-33649 216 3 ] ] X bracis-33649 216 4 google google PROPN bracis-33649 216 5 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 216 6     SPACE bracis-33649 216 7 hu hu PROPN bracis-33649 216 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 216 9 e.j e.j PROPN bracis-33649 216 10 . . PROPN bracis-33649 216 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 216 12 et et PROPN bracis-33649 216 13 al al PROPN bracis-33649 216 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 216 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 217 1 lora lora NOUN bracis-33649 217 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 217 3 low low ADJ bracis-33649 217 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 217 5 rank rank NOUN bracis-33649 217 6 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33649 217 7 of of ADP bracis-33649 217 8 large large ADJ bracis-33649 217 9 language language NOUN bracis-33649 217 10 models model NOUN bracis-33649 217 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 217 12 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33649 217 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 217 14 google google PROPN bracis-33649 217 15 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 217 16     SPACE bracis-33649 217 17 huang huang PROPN bracis-33649 217 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 19 k. k. PROPN bracis-33649 217 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 21 altosaar altosaar PROPN bracis-33649 217 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 23 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 217 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 25 ranganath ranganath NOUN bracis-33649 217 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 27 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 217 28 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 217 29 clinicalbert clinicalbert VERB bracis-33649 217 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 217 31 modeling model VERB bracis-33649 217 32 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 217 33 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 217 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 217 35 predicting predict VERB bracis-33649 217 36 hospital hospital NOUN bracis-33649 217 37 readmission readmission NOUN bracis-33649 217 38 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 217 39 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33649 217 40 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 217 41 google google PROPN bracis-33649 217 42 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 217 43     SPACE bracis-33649 217 44 jiang jiang PROPN bracis-33649 217 45 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 46 a.q a.q PROPN bracis-33649 217 47 . . PROPN bracis-33649 217 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 217 49 et et PROPN bracis-33649 217 50 al al PROPN bracis-33649 217 51 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 217 52 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 218 1 mistral mistral ADJ bracis-33649 218 2 7b 7b NOUN bracis-33649 218 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 218 4 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 218 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 218 6 google google NOUN bracis-33649 218 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 218 8     SPACE bracis-33649 218 9 jin jin NOUN bracis-33649 218 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 11 d. d. PROPN bracis-33649 218 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 13 pan pan PROPN bracis-33649 218 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 15 e. e. PROPN bracis-33649 218 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 17 oufattole oufattole NOUN bracis-33649 218 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 19 n. n. PROPN bracis-33649 218 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 21 weng weng PROPN bracis-33649 218 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 23 w.h w.h PROPN bracis-33649 218 24 . . PROPN bracis-33649 218 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 26 fang fang PROPN bracis-33649 218 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 28 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 218 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 30 szolovits szolovit NOUN bracis-33649 218 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 218 32 p. p. NOUN bracis-33649 218 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 218 34 what what DET bracis-33649 218 35 disease disease NOUN bracis-33649 218 36 does do AUX bracis-33649 218 37 this this DET bracis-33649 218 38 patient patient NOUN bracis-33649 218 39 have have VERB bracis-33649 218 40 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33649 219 1 a a DET bracis-33649 219 2 large large ADJ bracis-33649 219 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 219 4 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 219 5 open open ADJ bracis-33649 219 6 domain domain NOUN bracis-33649 219 7 question question NOUN bracis-33649 219 8 answering answer VERB bracis-33649 219 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33649 219 10 from from ADP bracis-33649 219 11 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 219 12 exams exam NOUN bracis-33649 219 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 220 1 appl appl PROPN bracis-33649 220 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 221 1 sci sci PROPN bracis-33649 221 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 221 3 11(14 11(14 NUM bracis-33649 221 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 221 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 6 6421 6421 NUM bracis-33649 221 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 221 8 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33649 221 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 221 10 article article NOUN bracis-33649 221 11     SPACE bracis-33649 221 12 google google PROPN bracis-33649 221 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 221 14     SPACE bracis-33649 221 15 labrak labrak NOUN bracis-33649 221 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 17 y. y. PROPN bracis-33649 221 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 19 bazoge bazoge PROPN bracis-33649 221 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 21 a. a. NOUN bracis-33649 221 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 23 morin morin PROPN bracis-33649 221 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 25 e. e. PROPN bracis-33649 221 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 27 gourraud gourraud PROPN bracis-33649 221 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 29 p.a p.a PROPN bracis-33649 221 30 . . PROPN bracis-33649 221 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 32 rouvier rouvier NOUN bracis-33649 221 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 34 m. m. NOUN bracis-33649 221 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 36 dufour dufour PROPN bracis-33649 221 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 38 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 221 39 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 221 40 biomistral biomistral ADJ bracis-33649 221 41 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 221 42 a a DET bracis-33649 221 43 collection collection NOUN bracis-33649 221 44 of of ADP bracis-33649 221 45 open open ADJ bracis-33649 221 46 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 221 47 source source NOUN bracis-33649 221 48 pretrained pretraine VERB bracis-33649 221 49 large large ADJ bracis-33649 221 50 language language NOUN bracis-33649 221 51 models model NOUN bracis-33649 221 52 for for ADP bracis-33649 221 53 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 221 54 domains domain NOUN bracis-33649 221 55 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 221 56 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 221 57 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 221 58 google google PROPN bracis-33649 221 59 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 221 60     SPACE bracis-33649 221 61 lee lee PROPN bracis-33649 221 62 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 63 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 221 64 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 221 65 et et PROPN bracis-33649 221 66 al al PROPN bracis-33649 221 67 . . PROPN bracis-33649 221 68 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 222 1 biobert biobert NOUN bracis-33649 222 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 222 3 a a DET bracis-33649 222 4 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 222 5 - - ADJ bracis-33649 222 6 trained train VERB bracis-33649 222 7 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 222 8 language language NOUN bracis-33649 222 9 representation representation NOUN bracis-33649 222 10 model model NOUN bracis-33649 222 11 for for ADP bracis-33649 222 12 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 222 13 text text NOUN bracis-33649 222 14 mining mining NOUN bracis-33649 222 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 223 1 bioinformatics bioinformatic NOUN bracis-33649 223 2 36(4 36(4 NUM bracis-33649 223 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 223 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 5 1234–1240 1234–1240 NUM bracis-33649 223 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 223 7 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33649 223 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 223 9 article article NOUN bracis-33649 223 10     SPACE bracis-33649 223 11 math math NOUN bracis-33649 223 12     SPACE bracis-33649 223 13 google google PROPN bracis-33649 223 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 223 15     SPACE bracis-33649 223 16 lopes lope NOUN bracis-33649 223 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 18 f. f. PROPN bracis-33649 223 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 20 teixeira teixeira PROPN bracis-33649 223 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 22 c. c. PROPN bracis-33649 223 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 24 gonçalo gonçalo PROPN bracis-33649 223 25     SPACE bracis-33649 223 26 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 223 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 223 28 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 223 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 223 30 contributions contribution NOUN bracis-33649 223 31 to to ADP bracis-33649 223 32 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 223 33 named name VERB bracis-33649 223 34 entity entity NOUN bracis-33649 223 35 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33649 223 36 in in ADP bracis-33649 223 37 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 223 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 224 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 224 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 224 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33649 224 4 of of ADP bracis-33649 224 5 the the DET bracis-33649 224 6 18th 18th ADJ bracis-33649 224 7 bionlp bionlp ADJ bracis-33649 224 8 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33649 224 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 224 10 shared share VERB bracis-33649 224 11 task task NOUN bracis-33649 224 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 224 13 pp pp ADJ bracis-33649 224 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 225 1 223–233 223–233 NUM bracis-33649 225 2 . . X bracis-33649 225 3 association association NOUN bracis-33649 225 4 for for ADP bracis-33649 225 5 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 225 6 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33649 225 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 225 8 florence florence NOUN bracis-33649 225 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 225 10 italy italy PROPN bracis-33649 225 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 225 12 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33649 225 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 225 14 google google PROPN bracis-33649 225 15 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 225 16     SPACE bracis-33649 225 17 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 225 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 225 19 l.e.s.e l.e.s.e PROPN bracis-33649 225 20 . . PROPN bracis-33649 225 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 225 22 et et PROPN bracis-33649 225 23 al al PROPN bracis-33649 225 24 . . PROPN bracis-33649 225 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 225 26 semclinbr semclinbr VERB bracis-33649 225 27 a a DET bracis-33649 225 28 multi multi ADJ bracis-33649 225 29 - - ADJ bracis-33649 225 30 institutional institutional ADJ bracis-33649 225 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 225 32 multi multi ADJ bracis-33649 225 33 - - ADJ bracis-33649 225 34 specialty specialty ADJ bracis-33649 225 35 semantically semantically ADV bracis-33649 225 36 annotated annotate VERB bracis-33649 225 37 corpus corpus NOUN bracis-33649 225 38 for for ADP bracis-33649 225 39 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 225 40 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 225 41 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 225 42 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 225 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 226 1 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 226 2 biomed biome VERB bracis-33649 226 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 227 1 semant semant ADJ bracis-33649 227 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 228 1 13(1 13(1 X bracis-33649 228 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 228 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 228 4 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33649 228 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 228 6 google google PROPN bracis-33649 228 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 228 8     SPACE bracis-33649 228 9 peng peng PROPN bracis-33649 228 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 228 11 c. c. PROPN bracis-33649 228 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 228 13 et et PROPN bracis-33649 228 14 al al PROPN bracis-33649 228 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 228 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 229 1 a a DET bracis-33649 229 2 study study NOUN bracis-33649 229 3 of of ADP bracis-33649 229 4 generative generative ADJ bracis-33649 229 5 large large ADJ bracis-33649 229 6 language language NOUN bracis-33649 229 7 model model NOUN bracis-33649 229 8 for for ADP bracis-33649 229 9 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 229 10 research research NOUN bracis-33649 229 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 229 12 healthcare healthcare PROPN bracis-33649 229 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 230 1 npj npj NOUN bracis-33649 230 2 digit digit PROPN bracis-33649 230 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 230 4 med med PROPN bracis-33649 230 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 231 1 6(1 6(1 NUM bracis-33649 231 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 231 3 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 231 4 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 231 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 231 6 google google NOUN bracis-33649 231 7 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 231 8     SPACE bracis-33649 231 9 pires pire NOUN bracis-33649 231 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 11 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 231 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 13 abonizio abonizio PROPN bracis-33649 231 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 15 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 231 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 17 almeida almeida PROPN bracis-33649 231 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 19 t.s t.s PROPN bracis-33649 231 20 . . PROPN bracis-33649 231 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 22 nogueira nogueira PROPN bracis-33649 231 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 24 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 231 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 231 26 sabiá sabiá NOUN bracis-33649 231 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 231 28 portuguese portuguese VERB bracis-33649 231 29 large large ADJ bracis-33649 231 30 language language NOUN bracis-33649 231 31 models model NOUN bracis-33649 231 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 231 33 pp pp ADV bracis-33649 231 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 232 1 226–240 226–240 NUM bracis-33649 232 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 232 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 232 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 5 cham cham PROPN bracis-33649 232 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 232 7 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 232 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 232 9 google google NOUN bracis-33649 232 10 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 232 11     SPACE bracis-33649 232 12 rasmy rasmy NOUN bracis-33649 232 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 14 l. l. PROPN bracis-33649 232 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 16 xiang xiang PROPN bracis-33649 232 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 18 y. y. PROPN bracis-33649 232 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 20 xie xie PROPN bracis-33649 232 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 22 z. z. PROPN bracis-33649 232 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 24 tao tao PROPN bracis-33649 232 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 26 c. c. PROPN bracis-33649 232 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 28 zhi zhi PROPN bracis-33649 232 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 30 d. d. PROPN bracis-33649 232 31 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 232 32 med med PROPN bracis-33649 232 33 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 232 34 bert bert PROPN bracis-33649 232 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 232 36 pre pre ADJ bracis-33649 232 37 - - ADJ bracis-33649 232 38 trained train VERB bracis-33649 232 39 contextualized contextualized ADJ bracis-33649 232 40 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33649 232 41 on on ADP bracis-33649 232 42 large large ADJ bracis-33649 232 43 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 232 44 scale scale NOUN bracis-33649 232 45 structured structured ADJ bracis-33649 232 46 electronic electronic ADJ bracis-33649 232 47 health health NOUN bracis-33649 232 48 records record NOUN bracis-33649 232 49 for for ADP bracis-33649 232 50 disease disease NOUN bracis-33649 232 51 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33649 232 52 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 232 53 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33649 232 54 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 232 55 google google PROPN bracis-33649 232 56 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 232 57     SPACE bracis-33649 232 58 schneider schneider NOUN bracis-33649 232 59 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 60 e.t.r e.t.r PROPN bracis-33649 232 61 . . PROPN bracis-33649 232 62 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 232 63 et et PROPN bracis-33649 232 64 al al PROPN bracis-33649 232 65 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 232 66 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 233 1 cardiobertpt cardiobertpt ADJ bracis-33649 233 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 233 3 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33649 233 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 233 5 based base VERB bracis-33649 233 6 models model NOUN bracis-33649 233 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 233 8 cardiology cardiology NOUN bracis-33649 233 9 language language NOUN bracis-33649 233 10 representation representation NOUN bracis-33649 233 11 in in ADP bracis-33649 233 12 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 233 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 234 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 234 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 234 3 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 234 4 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33649 234 5 36th 36th ADJ bracis-33649 234 6 international international ADJ bracis-33649 234 7 symposium symposium NOUN bracis-33649 234 8 on on ADP bracis-33649 234 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-33649 234 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 234 11 based base VERB bracis-33649 234 12 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 234 13 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 234 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 234 15 cbms cbms PROPN bracis-33649 234 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 234 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 234 18 pp pp ADP bracis-33649 234 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 235 1 378–381 378–381 NUM bracis-33649 235 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 235 3 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 235 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 235 5 google google NOUN bracis-33649 235 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 235 7     SPACE bracis-33649 235 8 schneider schneider NOUN bracis-33649 235 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 235 10 e.t.r e.t.r PROPN bracis-33649 235 11 . . PROPN bracis-33649 235 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 235 13 et et PROPN bracis-33649 235 14 al al PROPN bracis-33649 235 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 235 16 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 236 1 biobertpt biobertpt NOUN bracis-33649 236 2 a a DET bracis-33649 236 3 portuguese portuguese ADJ bracis-33649 236 4 neural neural ADJ bracis-33649 236 5 language language NOUN bracis-33649 236 6 model model NOUN bracis-33649 236 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 236 8 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 236 9 named name VERB bracis-33649 236 10 entity entity NOUN bracis-33649 236 11 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33649 236 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 237 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 237 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 237 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33649 237 4 of of ADP bracis-33649 237 5 the the DET bracis-33649 237 6 3rd 3rd ADJ bracis-33649 237 7 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 237 8 natural natural ADJ bracis-33649 237 9 language language NOUN bracis-33649 237 10 processing processing NOUN bracis-33649 237 11 workshop workshop NOUN bracis-33649 237 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 13 pp pp ADJ bracis-33649 237 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 237 15 65–72 65–72 NUM bracis-33649 237 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 237 17 association association NOUN bracis-33649 237 18 for for ADP bracis-33649 237 19 computational computational ADJ bracis-33649 237 20 linguistics linguistic NOUN bracis-33649 237 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 22 online online ADV bracis-33649 237 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 237 24 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33649 237 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 237 26 google google PROPN bracis-33649 237 27 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 237 28     SPACE bracis-33649 237 29 schneider schneider NOUN bracis-33649 237 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 31 e.t.r e.t.r PROPN bracis-33649 237 32 . . PROPN bracis-33649 237 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 34 de de NOUN bracis-33649 237 35     SPACE bracis-33649 237 36 souza souza NOUN bracis-33649 237 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 38 j.v.a j.v.a NOUN bracis-33649 237 39 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 237 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 41 gumiel gumiel PROPN bracis-33649 237 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 43 y.b y.b PROPN bracis-33649 237 44 . . PROPN bracis-33649 237 45 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 46 moro moro PROPN bracis-33649 237 47 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 48 c. c. NOUN bracis-33649 237 49 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 50 paraiso paraiso NOUN bracis-33649 237 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 237 52 e.c e.c PROPN bracis-33649 237 53 . . PROPN bracis-33649 237 54 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 237 55 a a DET bracis-33649 237 56 gpt-2 gpt-2 PUNCT bracis-33649 237 57 language language NOUN bracis-33649 237 58 model model NOUN bracis-33649 237 59 for for ADP bracis-33649 237 60 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 237 61 texts text NOUN bracis-33649 237 62 in in ADP bracis-33649 237 63 portuguese portuguese PROPN bracis-33649 237 64 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 238 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 238 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 238 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33649 238 4 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33649 238 5 34th 34th ADJ bracis-33649 238 6 international international ADJ bracis-33649 238 7 symposium symposium NOUN bracis-33649 238 8 on on ADP bracis-33649 238 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-33649 238 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 238 11 based base VERB bracis-33649 238 12 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 238 13 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 238 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 238 15 cbms cbms PROPN bracis-33649 238 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 238 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 238 18 pp pp ADP bracis-33649 238 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 239 1 474–479 474–479 NUM bracis-33649 239 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 239 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33649 239 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 239 5 google google NOUN bracis-33649 239 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 239 7     SPACE bracis-33649 239 8 touvron touvron ADJ bracis-33649 239 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 239 10 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 239 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 239 12 martin martin PROPN bracis-33649 239 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 239 14 l. l. PROPN bracis-33649 239 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 239 16 et et PROPN bracis-33649 239 17     SPACE bracis-33649 239 18 al al PROPN bracis-33649 239 19 . . PROPN bracis-33649 239 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 240 1 llama llama PROPN bracis-33649 240 2 2 2 NUM bracis-33649 240 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 240 4 open open ADJ bracis-33649 240 5 foundation foundation NOUN bracis-33649 240 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 240 7 fine fine ADV bracis-33649 240 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 240 9 tuned tune VERB bracis-33649 240 10 chat chat NOUN bracis-33649 240 11 models model NOUN bracis-33649 240 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 240 13 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 240 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 240 15 google google NOUN bracis-33649 240 16 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 240 17     SPACE bracis-33649 240 18 vaswani vaswani NOUN bracis-33649 240 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 240 20 a. a. NOUN bracis-33649 240 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 240 22 et et PROPN bracis-33649 240 23 al al PROPN bracis-33649 240 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 240 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 241 1 attention attention NOUN bracis-33649 241 2 is be AUX bracis-33649 241 3 all all PRON bracis-33649 241 4 you you PRON bracis-33649 241 5 need need VERB bracis-33649 241 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 241 7 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33649 241 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 241 9 google google NOUN bracis-33649 241 10 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 241 11     SPACE bracis-33649 241 12 wu wu PROPN bracis-33649 241 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 14 s. s. PROPN bracis-33649 241 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 16 dredze dredze NOUN bracis-33649 241 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 18 m. m. NOUN bracis-33649 241 19 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 241 20 beto beto PROPN bracis-33649 241 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 22 bentz bentz PROPN bracis-33649 241 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 24 becas becas PROPN bracis-33649 241 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 241 26 the the DET bracis-33649 241 27 surprising surprising ADJ bracis-33649 241 28 cross cross ADJ bracis-33649 241 29 - - ADJ bracis-33649 241 30 lingual lingual ADJ bracis-33649 241 31 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN bracis-33649 241 32 of of ADP bracis-33649 241 33 bert bert PROPN bracis-33649 241 34 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 241 35 2019 2019 NUM bracis-33649 241 36 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 241 37 google google PROPN bracis-33649 241 38 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 241 39     SPACE bracis-33649 241 40 yu yu PROPN bracis-33649 241 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 42 h. h. PROPN bracis-33649 241 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 241 44 et et PROPN bracis-33649 241 45 al al PROPN bracis-33649 241 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 241 47 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 242 1 large large ADJ bracis-33649 242 2 language language NOUN bracis-33649 242 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 242 4 in in ADP bracis-33649 242 5 biomedical biomedical ADJ bracis-33649 242 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 242 7 health health NOUN bracis-33649 242 8 informatics informatic NOUN bracis-33649 242 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 242 10 a a DET bracis-33649 242 11 bibliometric bibliometric ADJ bracis-33649 242 12 review review NOUN bracis-33649 242 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 242 14 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 242 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 242 16 google google NOUN bracis-33649 242 17 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 242 18     SPACE bracis-33649 242 19 zheng zheng PROPN bracis-33649 242 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 21 y. y. PROPN bracis-33649 242 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 23 gan gan PROPN bracis-33649 242 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 25 w. w. PROPN bracis-33649 242 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 27 chen chen PROPN bracis-33649 242 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 29 z. z. PROPN bracis-33649 242 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 31 qi qi PROPN bracis-33649 242 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 33 z. z. PROPN bracis-33649 242 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 35 liang liang PROPN bracis-33649 242 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 37 q. q. PROPN bracis-33649 242 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 39 yu yu PROPN bracis-33649 242 40 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 242 41 p.s p.s PROPN bracis-33649 242 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 242 43 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 243 1 large large ADJ bracis-33649 243 2 language language NOUN bracis-33649 243 3 models model NOUN bracis-33649 243 4 for for ADP bracis-33649 243 5 medicine medicine NOUN bracis-33649 243 6 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 243 7 a a DET bracis-33649 243 8 survey survey NOUN bracis-33649 243 9 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 243 10 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 243 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 243 12 google google NOUN bracis-33649 243 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 243 14     SPACE bracis-33649 243 15 zheng zheng PROPN bracis-33649 243 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 17 y. y. PROPN bracis-33649 243 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 19 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33649 243 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 21 r. r. PROPN bracis-33649 243 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 23 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33649 243 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 25 j. j. PROPN bracis-33649 243 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 27 ye ye PROPN bracis-33649 243 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 29 y. y. PROPN bracis-33649 243 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 31 luo luo PROPN bracis-33649 243 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 33 z. z. PROPN bracis-33649 243 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 35 ma ma PROPN bracis-33649 243 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 243 37 y. y. NOUN bracis-33649 243 38 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 243 39 llamafactory llamafactory ADJ bracis-33649 243 40 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 243 41 unified unified ADJ bracis-33649 243 42 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 243 43 fine fine NOUN bracis-33649 243 44 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 243 45 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33649 243 46 of of ADP bracis-33649 243 47 100 100 NUM bracis-33649 243 48 + + CCONJ bracis-33649 243 49 language language NOUN bracis-33649 243 50 models model NOUN bracis-33649 243 51 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 243 52 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 243 53 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 243 54 google google NOUN bracis-33649 243 55 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 243 56     SPACE bracis-33649 243 57 download download NOUN bracis-33649 243 58 references reference NOUN bracis-33649 243 59 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN bracis-33649 243 60 we we PRON bracis-33649 243 61 would would AUX bracis-33649 243 62 like like VERB bracis-33649 243 63 to to PART bracis-33649 243 64 thank thank VERB bracis-33649 243 65 comsentimento comsentimento NOUN bracis-33649 243 66 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 243 67 the the DET bracis-33649 243 68 google google NOUN bracis-33649 243 69 for for ADP bracis-33649 243 70 startups startup NOUN bracis-33649 243 71 cloud cloud NOUN bracis-33649 243 72 program program NOUN bracis-33649 243 73 for for ADP bracis-33649 243 74 providing provide VERB bracis-33649 243 75 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN bracis-33649 243 76 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 243 77 support support NOUN bracis-33649 243 78 to to PART bracis-33649 243 79 develop develop VERB bracis-33649 243 80 this this DET bracis-33649 243 81 project project NOUN bracis-33649 243 82 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 244 1 we we PRON bracis-33649 244 2 acknowledge acknowledge VERB bracis-33649 244 3 the the DET bracis-33649 244 4 use use NOUN bracis-33649 244 5 of of ADP bracis-33649 244 6 generative generative ADJ bracis-33649 244 7 ai ai PROPN bracis-33649 244 8 tools tool NOUN bracis-33649 244 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 244 10 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33649 244 11 chatgpt chatgpt NOUN bracis-33649 244 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 244 13 in in ADP bracis-33649 244 14 the the DET bracis-33649 244 15 preparation preparation NOUN bracis-33649 244 16 of of ADP bracis-33649 244 17 this this DET bracis-33649 244 18 article article NOUN bracis-33649 244 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 245 1 chatgpt chatgpt PROPN bracis-33649 245 2 was be AUX bracis-33649 245 3 employed employ VERB bracis-33649 245 4 for for ADP bracis-33649 245 5 tasks task NOUN bracis-33649 245 6 such such ADJ bracis-33649 245 7 as as ADP bracis-33649 245 8 text text NOUN bracis-33649 245 9 revision revision NOUN bracis-33649 245 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 245 11 paragraph paragraph NOUN bracis-33649 245 12 summarization summarization NOUN bracis-33649 245 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 245 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 245 15 enhancing enhance VERB bracis-33649 245 16 the the DET bracis-33649 245 17 overall overall ADJ bracis-33649 245 18 clarity clarity NOUN bracis-33649 245 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 245 20 coherence coherence NOUN bracis-33649 245 21 of of ADP bracis-33649 245 22 the the DET bracis-33649 245 23 manuscript manuscript NOUN bracis-33649 245 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 246 1 author author NOUN bracis-33649 246 2 information information NOUN bracis-33649 246 3 authors author NOUN bracis-33649 246 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 246 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33649 246 6 pontifícia pontifícia PROPN bracis-33649 246 7 universidade universidade PROPN bracis-33649 246 8 católica católica PROPN bracis-33649 246 9 do do VERB bracis-33649 246 10 paraná paraná PROPN bracis-33649 246 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 246 12 pucpr pucpr PROPN bracis-33649 246 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 246 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 15 curitiba curitiba PROPN bracis-33649 246 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 17 pr pr NOUN bracis-33649 246 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 19 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33649 246 20 joão joão PROPN bracis-33649 246 21 gabriel gabriel PROPN bracis-33649 246 22 de de PROPN bracis-33649 246 23 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 246 24 pinto pinto PROPN bracis-33649 246 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 26     SPACE bracis-33649 246 27 andrey andrey PROPN bracis-33649 246 28 rodrigues rodrigues PROPN bracis-33649 246 29 de de PROPN bracis-33649 246 30 freitas freitas PROPN bracis-33649 246 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 32     SPACE bracis-33649 246 33 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 246 34 midori midori PROPN bracis-33649 246 35 rozza rozza PROPN bracis-33649 246 36 sawazaki sawazaki NOUN bracis-33649 246 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 246 38     SPACE bracis-33649 246 39 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 246 40 vidal vidal PROPN bracis-33649 246 41     SPACE bracis-33649 246 42 & & CCONJ bracis-33649 246 43     SPACE bracis-33649 246 44 lucas lucas PROPN bracis-33649 246 45 emanuel emanuel PROPN bracis-33649 247 1 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 247 2 e e PROPN bracis-33649 247 3 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 247 4 comsentimento comsentimento VERB bracis-33649 247 5 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 247 6 lab lab PROPN bracis-33649 247 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 8 são são PROPN bracis-33649 247 9 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-33649 247 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 11 sp sp PROPN bracis-33649 247 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 13 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33649 247 14 joão joão PROPN bracis-33649 247 15 gabriel gabriel PROPN bracis-33649 247 16 de de PROPN bracis-33649 247 17 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 247 18 pinto pinto PROPN bracis-33649 247 19     SPACE bracis-33649 247 20 & & CCONJ bracis-33649 247 21     SPACE bracis-33649 247 22 lucas lucas PROPN bracis-33649 247 23 emanuel emanuel PROPN bracis-33649 247 24 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 247 25 e e PROPN bracis-33649 247 26 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 247 27 instituto instituto PROPN bracis-33649 247 28 federal federal PROPN bracis-33649 247 29 de de PROPN bracis-33649 247 30 goiás goiás PROPN bracis-33649 247 31 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 247 32 ifg ifg PROPN bracis-33649 247 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 247 34 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 35 luziânia luziânia NOUN bracis-33649 247 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 37 go go VERB bracis-33649 247 38 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 247 39 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33649 247 40 anderson anderson PROPN bracis-33649 247 41 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-33649 247 42 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-33649 247 43 martins martins PROPN bracis-33649 247 44 authors author NOUN bracis-33649 247 45 joão joão PROPN bracis-33649 247 46 gabriel gabriel PROPN bracis-33649 247 47 de de PROPN bracis-33649 247 48 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 247 49 pintoview pintoview PROPN bracis-33649 247 50 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 51 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 52 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 53 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 54 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 55 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 56 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 57     SPACE bracis-33649 247 58 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 59 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 247 60 andrey andrey PROPN bracis-33649 247 61 rodrigues rodrigues PROPN bracis-33649 247 62 de de PROPN bracis-33649 247 63 freitasview freitasview PROPN bracis-33649 247 64 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 65 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 66 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 67 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 68 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 69 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 70 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 71     SPACE bracis-33649 247 72 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 73 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33649 247 74 anderson anderson PROPN bracis-33649 247 75 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-33649 247 76 gomes gomes PROPN bracis-33649 247 77 martinsview martinsview PROPN bracis-33649 247 78 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 79 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 80 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 81 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 82 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 83 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 84 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 85     SPACE bracis-33649 247 86 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 87 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33649 247 88 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 247 89 midori midori PROPN bracis-33649 247 90 rozza rozza PROPN bracis-33649 247 91 sawazakiview sawazakiview NOUN bracis-33649 247 92 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 93 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 94 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 95 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 96 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 97 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 98 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 99     SPACE bracis-33649 247 100 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 101 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33649 247 102 caroline caroline PROPN bracis-33649 247 103 vidalview vidalview PROPN bracis-33649 247 104 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 105 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 106 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 107 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 108 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 109 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 110 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 111     SPACE bracis-33649 247 112 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 113 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33649 247 114 lucas lucas PROPN bracis-33649 247 115 emanuel emanuel PROPN bracis-33649 247 116 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 247 117 e e PROPN bracis-33649 247 118 oliveiraview oliveiraview NOUN bracis-33649 247 119 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 120 publications publication NOUN bracis-33649 247 121 search search NOUN bracis-33649 247 122 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 123 on on ADP bracis-33649 247 124 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 247 125 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33649 247 126     SPACE bracis-33649 247 127 google google PROPN bracis-33649 247 128 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33649 247 129 corresponding correspond VERB bracis-33649 247 130 author author NOUN bracis-33649 247 131 correspondence correspondence NOUN bracis-33649 247 132 to to ADP bracis-33649 247 133 lucas lucas PROPN bracis-33649 247 134 emanuel emanuel PROPN bracis-33649 247 135 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 247 136 e e PROPN bracis-33649 247 137 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 247 138 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 248 1 editor editor NOUN bracis-33649 248 2 information information NOUN bracis-33649 248 3 editors editor NOUN bracis-33649 248 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 248 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33649 248 6 universidade universidade VERB bracis-33649 248 7 federal federal PROPN bracis-33649 248 8 fluminense fluminense PROPN bracis-33649 248 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 248 10 niterói niterói PROPN bracis-33649 248 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 248 12 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33649 248 13 aline aline PROPN bracis-33649 248 14 paes paes PROPN bracis-33649 248 15 instituto instituto PROPN bracis-33649 248 16 tecnológico tecnológico PROPN bracis-33649 248 17 de de PROPN bracis-33649 248 18 aeronáutica aeronáutica PROPN bracis-33649 248 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 248 20 são são PROPN bracis-33649 248 21 josé josé PROPN bracis-33649 248 22 dos dos PROPN bracis-33649 248 23 campos campos PROPN bracis-33649 248 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 248 25 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33649 248 26 filipe filipe PROPN bracis-33649 248 27 a. a. PROPN bracis-33649 248 28 n. n. PROPN bracis-33649 248 29 verri verri PROPN bracis-33649 248 30 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33649 248 31 declarations declaration VERB bracis-33649 248 32 disclosure disclosure NOUN bracis-33649 248 33 of of ADP bracis-33649 248 34 interests interest NOUN bracis-33649 248 35 the the DET bracis-33649 248 36 authors author NOUN bracis-33649 248 37 have have VERB bracis-33649 248 38 no no DET bracis-33649 248 39 competing compete VERB bracis-33649 248 40 interests interest NOUN bracis-33649 248 41 to to PART bracis-33649 248 42 declare declare VERB bracis-33649 248 43 that that PRON bracis-33649 248 44 are be AUX bracis-33649 248 45 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33649 248 46 to to ADP bracis-33649 248 47 the the DET bracis-33649 248 48 content content NOUN bracis-33649 248 49 of of ADP bracis-33649 248 50 this this DET bracis-33649 248 51 article article NOUN bracis-33649 248 52 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 249 1 rights right NOUN bracis-33649 249 2 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 249 3 permissions permission NOUN bracis-33649 249 4 reprints reprint NOUN bracis-33649 249 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 249 6 permissions permission VERB bracis-33649 249 7 copyright copyright NOUN bracis-33649 249 8 information information NOUN bracis-33649 249 9 © © ADP bracis-33649 249 10 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 249 11 the the DET bracis-33649 249 12 author(s author(s NOUN bracis-33649 249 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 249 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 15 under under ADP bracis-33649 249 16 exclusive exclusive ADJ bracis-33649 249 17 license license NOUN bracis-33649 249 18 to to ADP bracis-33649 249 19 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 249 20 nature nature PROPN bracis-33649 249 21 switzerland switzerland PROPN bracis-33649 249 22 ag ag PROPN bracis-33649 249 23 about about ADP bracis-33649 249 24 this this DET bracis-33649 249 25 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 249 26 cite cite VERB bracis-33649 249 27 this this DET bracis-33649 249 28 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 249 29 de de PROPN bracis-33649 249 30 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 249 31 pinto pinto PROPN bracis-33649 249 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 33 j.g j.g PROPN bracis-33649 249 34 . . PROPN bracis-33649 249 35 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 36 rodrigues rodrigues PROPN bracis-33649 249 37 de de PROPN bracis-33649 249 38 freitas freitas PROPN bracis-33649 249 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 40 a. a. NOUN bracis-33649 249 41 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 42 martins martin NOUN bracis-33649 249 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 44 a.c.g a.c.g NOUN bracis-33649 249 45 . . PROPN bracis-33649 249 46 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 47 sawazaki sawazaki PROPN bracis-33649 249 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 49 c.m.r c.m.r NOUN bracis-33649 249 50 . . PROPN bracis-33649 249 51 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 52 vidal vidal PROPN bracis-33649 249 53 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 54 c. c. PROPN bracis-33649 249 55 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 56 silva silva PROPN bracis-33649 249 57 e e PROPN bracis-33649 249 58 oliveira oliveira PROPN bracis-33649 249 59 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 249 60 l.e l.e PROPN bracis-33649 249 61 . . PROPN bracis-33649 249 62 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 249 63 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 249 64 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 249 65 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 250 1 developing develop VERB bracis-33649 250 2 resource resource NOUN bracis-33649 250 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 250 4 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33649 250 5 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33649 250 6 llms llm NOUN bracis-33649 250 7 for for ADP bracis-33649 250 8     SPACE bracis-33649 250 9 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33649 250 10 portuguese portuguese NOUN bracis-33649 250 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 251 1 in in ADP bracis-33649 251 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 251 3 paes paes PROPN bracis-33649 251 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 251 5 a. a. PROPN bracis-33649 251 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 251 7 verri verri NOUN bracis-33649 251 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 251 9 f.a.n f.a.n ADJ bracis-33649 251 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 251 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 251 12 eds ed NOUN bracis-33649 251 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 251 14 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33649 251 15 systems system NOUN bracis-33649 251 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 251 17 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-33649 251 18 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33649 251 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 252 1 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33649 252 2 notes note NOUN bracis-33649 252 3 in in ADP bracis-33649 252 4 computer computer NOUN bracis-33649 252 5 science science NOUN bracis-33649 252 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 252 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 252 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 252 9 vol vol NOUN bracis-33649 252 10 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33649 252 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 253 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 253 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 253 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-33649 253 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 254 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_4 PROPN bracis-33649 254 2 download download PROPN bracis-33649 254 3 citation citation NOUN bracis-33649 254 4 .ris .ris PUNCT bracis-33649 254 5 .enw .enw PROPN bracis-33649 254 6 .bib .bib PUNCT bracis-33649 255 1 doi doi PROPN bracis-33649 255 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_4 PROPN bracis-33649 255 4 published publish VERB bracis-33649 255 5 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 6 31 31 NUM bracis-33649 255 7 january january PROPN bracis-33649 255 8 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 255 9 publisher publisher NOUN bracis-33649 255 10 name name NOUN bracis-33649 255 11 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 12 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 255 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 255 14 cham cham PROPN bracis-33649 255 15 print print PROPN bracis-33649 255 16 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-33649 255 17 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 18 978 978 NUM bracis-33649 255 19 - - SYM bracis-33649 255 20 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 255 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 255 22 031 031 NUM bracis-33649 255 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 255 24 79037 79037 NUM bracis-33649 255 25 - - SYM bracis-33649 255 26 9 9 NUM bracis-33649 255 27 online online ADJ bracis-33649 255 28 isbn isbn NOUN bracis-33649 255 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 30 978 978 NUM bracis-33649 255 31 - - SYM bracis-33649 255 32 3 3 NUM bracis-33649 255 33 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 255 34 031 031 NUM bracis-33649 255 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 255 36 79038 79038 NUM bracis-33649 255 37 - - SYM bracis-33649 255 38 6 6 NUM bracis-33649 255 39 ebook ebook NOUN bracis-33649 255 40 packages package NOUN bracis-33649 255 41 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 42 computer computer NOUN bracis-33649 255 43 sciencecomputer sciencecomputer NOUN bracis-33649 255 44 science science NOUN bracis-33649 255 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 255 46 r0 r0 NOUN bracis-33649 255 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 255 48 share share VERB bracis-33649 255 49 this this DET bracis-33649 255 50 paper paper NOUN bracis-33649 255 51 anyone anyone PRON bracis-33649 255 52 you you PRON bracis-33649 255 53 share share VERB bracis-33649 255 54 the the DET bracis-33649 255 55 following follow VERB bracis-33649 255 56 link link NOUN bracis-33649 255 57 with with ADP bracis-33649 255 58 will will AUX bracis-33649 255 59 be be AUX bracis-33649 255 60 able able ADJ bracis-33649 255 61 to to PART bracis-33649 255 62 read read VERB bracis-33649 255 63 this this DET bracis-33649 255 64 content content NOUN bracis-33649 255 65 : : PUNCT bracis-33649 255 66 get get VERB bracis-33649 255 67 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33649 255 68 linksorry linksorry NOUN bracis-33649 255 69 , , PUNCT bracis-33649 255 70 a a DET bracis-33649 255 71 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33649 255 72 link link NOUN bracis-33649 255 73 is be AUX bracis-33649 255 74 not not PART bracis-33649 255 75 currently currently ADV bracis-33649 255 76 available available ADJ bracis-33649 255 77 for for ADP bracis-33649 255 78 this this DET bracis-33649 255 79 article article NOUN bracis-33649 255 80 . . PUNCT bracis-33649 256 1 copy copy VERB bracis-33649 256 2 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33649 256 3 link link NOUN bracis-33649 256 4 to to PART bracis-33649 256 5 clipboard clipboard NOUN bracis-33649 256 6 provided provide VERB bracis-33649 256 7 by by ADP bracis-33649 256 8 the the DET bracis-33649 256 9 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 256 10 nature nature PROPN bracis-33649 256 11 sharedit sharedit PROPN bracis-33649 256 12 content content NOUN bracis-33649 256 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 256 14 sharing share VERB bracis-33649 256 15 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-33649 256 16 keywords keyword VERB bracis-33649 256 17 large large ADJ bracis-33649 256 18 language language NOUN bracis-33649 256 19 models model NOUN bracis-33649 256 20 medical medical ADJ bracis-33649 256 21 nlp nlp NOUN bracis-33649 256 22 generative generative NOUN bracis-33649 256 23 ai ai VERB bracis-33649 256 24 publish publish NOUN bracis-33649 256 25 with with ADP bracis-33649 256 26 us us PROPN bracis-33649 256 27 policies policy NOUN bracis-33649 256 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 256 29 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33649 256 30 profiles profile NOUN bracis-33649 256 31 joão joão PROPN bracis-33649 256 32 gabriel gabriel PROPN bracis-33649 256 33 de de PROPN bracis-33649 256 34 souza souza PROPN bracis-33649 256 35 pinto pinto PROPN bracis-33649 256 36 view view PROPN bracis-33649 256 37 author author NOUN bracis-33649 256 38 profile profile NOUN bracis-33649 256 39 search search NOUN bracis-33649 256 40 search search NOUN bracis-33649 256 41 by by ADP bracis-33649 256 42 keyword keyword NOUN bracis-33649 256 43 or or CCONJ bracis-33649 256 44 author author NOUN bracis-33649 256 45 search search NOUN bracis-33649 256 46 navigation navigation NOUN bracis-33649 256 47 find find VERB bracis-33649 256 48 a a DET bracis-33649 256 49 journal journal NOUN bracis-33649 256 50 publish publish VERB bracis-33649 256 51 with with ADP bracis-33649 256 52 us we PRON bracis-33649 256 53 track track VERB bracis-33649 256 54 your your PRON bracis-33649 256 55 research research NOUN bracis-33649 256 56 discover discover VERB bracis-33649 256 57 content content NOUN bracis-33649 256 58 journals journal NOUN bracis-33649 256 59 a a DET bracis-33649 256 60 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 256 61 z z NOUN bracis-33649 256 62 books book NOUN bracis-33649 256 63 a a DET bracis-33649 256 64 - - PUNCT bracis-33649 256 65 z z NOUN bracis-33649 256 66 publish publish NOUN bracis-33649 256 67 with with ADP bracis-33649 256 68 us us PROPN bracis-33649 256 69 journal journal PROPN bracis-33649 256 70 finder finder PROPN bracis-33649 256 71 publish publish VERB bracis-33649 256 72 your your PRON bracis-33649 256 73 research research NOUN bracis-33649 256 74 language language NOUN bracis-33649 256 75 editing edit VERB bracis-33649 256 76 open open ADJ bracis-33649 256 77 access access NOUN bracis-33649 256 78 publishing publishing NOUN bracis-33649 256 79 products product NOUN bracis-33649 256 80 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 256 81 services service NOUN bracis-33649 256 82 our our PRON bracis-33649 256 83 products product NOUN bracis-33649 256 84 librarians librarian VERB bracis-33649 256 85 societies society NOUN bracis-33649 256 86 partners partner NOUN bracis-33649 256 87 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 256 88 advertisers advertiser NOUN bracis-33649 256 89 our our PRON bracis-33649 256 90 brands brand NOUN bracis-33649 256 91 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 256 92 nature nature PROPN bracis-33649 256 93 portfolio portfolio PROPN bracis-33649 256 94 bmc bmc PROPN bracis-33649 256 95 palgrave palgrave PROPN bracis-33649 256 96 macmillan macmillan PROPN bracis-33649 256 97 apress apress PROPN bracis-33649 256 98 discover discover VERB bracis-33649 256 99 your your PRON bracis-33649 256 100 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33649 256 101 choices choice NOUN bracis-33649 256 102 / / SYM bracis-33649 256 103 manage manage NOUN bracis-33649 256 104 cookies cookie NOUN bracis-33649 256 105 your your PRON bracis-33649 256 106 us us PROPN bracis-33649 257 1 state state NOUN bracis-33649 257 2 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33649 257 3 rights right NOUN bracis-33649 257 4 accessibility accessibility NOUN bracis-33649 257 5 statement statement NOUN bracis-33649 257 6 terms term NOUN bracis-33649 257 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 257 8 conditions condition NOUN bracis-33649 257 9 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33649 257 10 policy policy NOUN bracis-33649 257 11 help help NOUN bracis-33649 257 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33649 257 13 support support VERB bracis-33649 257 14 legal legal ADJ bracis-33649 257 15 notice notice NOUN bracis-33649 257 16 cancel cancel VERB bracis-33649 257 17 contracts contract NOUN bracis-33649 257 18 here here ADV bracis-33649 257 19 129.74.145.123 129.74.145.123 NUM bracis-33649 257 20 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33649 257 21 library library PROPN bracis-33649 257 22 er er INTJ bracis-33649 257 23 unit unit NOUN bracis-33649 257 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 257 25 3005732405 3005732405 NUM bracis-33649 257 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 257 27 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-33649 257 28 research research NOUN bracis-33649 257 29 libraries library NOUN bracis-33649 257 30 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 257 31 nerl nerl PROPN bracis-33649 257 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 257 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 257 34 8200828607 8200828607 NUM bracis-33649 257 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 257 36 nerl nerl VERB bracis-33649 257 37 ta ta X bracis-33649 257 38 account account NOUN bracis-33649 257 39 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 257 40 3006206169 3006206169 NUM bracis-33649 257 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 257 42 university university NOUN bracis-33649 257 43 of of ADP bracis-33649 257 44 notre notre PROPN bracis-33649 257 45 dame dame PROPN bracis-33649 257 46 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33649 257 47 library library NOUN bracis-33649 257 48 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33649 257 49 3000184373 3000184373 NUM bracis-33649 257 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33649 258 1 © © ADP bracis-33649 258 2 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33649 258 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-33649 258 4 nature nature NOUN