id sid tid token lemma pos bracis-33662 1 1 tackling tackle VERB bracis-33662 1 2 low low ADJ bracis-33662 1 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 4 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 1 5 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 1 6 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 1 7 with with ADP bracis-33662 1 8     SPACE bracis-33662 1 9 self self NOUN bracis-33662 1 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 11 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 1 12 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 1 13 | | ADV bracis-33662 1 14 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 1 15 nature nature PROPN bracis-33662 1 16 link link PROPN bracis-33662 1 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 1 18 formerly formerly ADV bracis-33662 1 19 springerlink springerlink NOUN bracis-33662 1 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 1 21 skip skip VERB bracis-33662 1 22 to to ADP bracis-33662 1 23 main main ADJ bracis-33662 1 24 content content NOUN bracis-33662 1 25 advertisement advertisement NOUN bracis-33662 1 26 log log NOUN bracis-33662 1 27 in in ADP bracis-33662 1 28 menu menu NOUN bracis-33662 1 29 find find VERB bracis-33662 1 30 a a DET bracis-33662 1 31 journal journal NOUN bracis-33662 1 32 publish publish VERB bracis-33662 1 33 with with ADP bracis-33662 1 34 us we PRON bracis-33662 1 35 track track VERB bracis-33662 1 36 your your PRON bracis-33662 1 37 research research NOUN bracis-33662 1 38 search search NOUN bracis-33662 1 39 cart cart NOUN bracis-33662 1 40 home home NOUN bracis-33662 1 41 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33662 1 42 systems system NOUN bracis-33662 1 43 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 1 44 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 1 45 tackling tackle VERB bracis-33662 1 46 low low ADJ bracis-33662 1 47 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 48 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 1 49 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 1 50 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 1 51 with with ADP bracis-33662 1 52     SPACE bracis-33662 1 53 self self NOUN bracis-33662 1 54 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 55 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 1 56 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 1 57 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 1 58 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 1 59 first first ADV bracis-33662 1 60 online online ADV bracis-33662 1 61 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 1 62 31 31 NUM bracis-33662 1 63 january january NOUN bracis-33662 1 64 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 1 65 pp pp CCONJ bracis-33662 1 66 238–252 238–252 NUM bracis-33662 1 67 cite cite VERB bracis-33662 1 68 this this DET bracis-33662 1 69 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 1 70 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 1 71 access access NOUN bracis-33662 1 72 provided provide VERB bracis-33662 1 73 by by ADP bracis-33662 1 74 university university PROPN bracis-33662 1 75 of of ADP bracis-33662 1 76 notre notre PROPN bracis-33662 1 77 dame dame PROPN bracis-33662 1 78 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33662 1 79 library library PROPN bracis-33662 1 80 download download PROPN bracis-33662 1 81 book book NOUN bracis-33662 1 82 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33662 1 83 download download NOUN bracis-33662 1 84 book book NOUN bracis-33662 1 85 epub epub PROPN bracis-33662 1 86 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33662 1 87 systems system NOUN bracis-33662 1 88 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 1 89 bracis bracis NOUN bracis-33662 1 90 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33662 1 91 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 1 92 tackling tackle VERB bracis-33662 1 93 low low ADJ bracis-33662 1 94 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 95 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 1 96 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 1 97 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 1 98 with with ADP bracis-33662 1 99     SPACE bracis-33662 1 100 self self NOUN bracis-33662 1 101 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 1 102 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 1 103 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 1 104 download download NOUN bracis-33662 1 105 book book NOUN bracis-33662 1 106 pdf pdf PROPN bracis-33662 1 107 download download NOUN bracis-33662 1 108 book book PROPN bracis-33662 1 109 epub epub PROPN bracis-33662 1 110 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33662 1 111 da da PROPN bracis-33662 1 112 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 1 113 silva9 silva9 PROPN bracis-33662 1 114 & & CCONJ bracis-33662 1 115 diego diego PROPN bracis-33662 1 116 furtado furtado PROPN bracis-33662 1 117 silva9 silva9 PROPN bracis-33662 1 118     SPACE bracis-33662 1 119 part part NOUN bracis-33662 1 120 of of ADP bracis-33662 1 121 the the DET bracis-33662 1 122 book book NOUN bracis-33662 1 123 series series NOUN bracis-33662 1 124 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 1 125 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33662 1 126 notes note NOUN bracis-33662 1 127 in in ADP bracis-33662 1 128 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 1 129 science science NOUN bracis-33662 1 130 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 1 131 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 1 132 lnai lnai ADJ bracis-33662 1 133 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 1 134 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 1 135 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33662 1 136 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 1 137 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 1 138 included include VERB bracis-33662 1 139 in in ADP bracis-33662 1 140 the the DET bracis-33662 1 141 following follow VERB bracis-33662 1 142 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 1 143 series series NOUN bracis-33662 1 144 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 1 145 brazilian brazilian ADJ bracis-33662 1 146 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 1 147 on on ADP bracis-33662 1 148 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33662 1 149 systems system NOUN bracis-33662 1 150 279 279 NUM bracis-33662 1 151 accesses access NOUN bracis-33662 1 152 abstract abstract ADJ bracis-33662 1 153 cardiovascular cardiovascular ADJ bracis-33662 1 154 disease disease NOUN bracis-33662 1 155 is be AUX bracis-33662 1 156 one one NUM bracis-33662 1 157 of of ADP bracis-33662 1 158 the the DET bracis-33662 1 159 leading lead VERB bracis-33662 1 160 causes cause NOUN bracis-33662 1 161 of of ADP bracis-33662 1 162 worldwide worldwide ADJ bracis-33662 1 163 death death NOUN bracis-33662 1 164 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 1 165 an an DET bracis-33662 1 166 annual annual ADJ bracis-33662 1 167 burden burden NOUN bracis-33662 1 168 for for ADP bracis-33662 1 169 european european ADJ bracis-33662 1 170 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 1 171 american american ADJ bracis-33662 1 172 economies economy NOUN bracis-33662 1 173 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 2 1 the the DET bracis-33662 2 2 primary primary ADJ bracis-33662 2 3 source source NOUN bracis-33662 2 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 2 5 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 2 6 to to PART bracis-33662 2 7 identify identify VERB bracis-33662 2 8 heart heart NOUN bracis-33662 2 9 abnormalities abnormality NOUN bracis-33662 2 10 is be AUX bracis-33662 2 11 the the DET bracis-33662 2 12 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram NOUN bracis-33662 2 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 2 14 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 2 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 2 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 3 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 3 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 3 3 its its PRON bracis-33662 3 4 identification identification NOUN bracis-33662 3 5 requires require VERB bracis-33662 3 6 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 3 7 human human ADJ bracis-33662 3 8 efforts effort NOUN bracis-33662 3 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 4 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 4 2 many many ADJ bracis-33662 4 3 cases case NOUN bracis-33662 4 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 4 5 traditional traditional ADJ bracis-33662 4 6 rule rule NOUN bracis-33662 4 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 4 8 based base VERB bracis-33662 4 9 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-33662 4 10 is be AUX bracis-33662 4 11 inefficient inefficient ADJ bracis-33662 4 12 due due ADP bracis-33662 4 13 to to ADP bracis-33662 4 14 the the DET bracis-33662 4 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 4 16 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN bracis-33662 4 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 4 18 motivating motivate VERB bracis-33662 4 19 the the DET bracis-33662 4 20 use use NOUN bracis-33662 4 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 4 22 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 4 23 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 4 24 network network NOUN bracis-33662 4 25 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 4 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 5 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 5 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 5 3 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 5 4 data data PROPN bracis-33662 5 5 varies vary VERB bracis-33662 5 6 significantly significantly ADV bracis-33662 5 7 between between ADP bracis-33662 5 8 equipment equipment NOUN bracis-33662 5 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 5 10 including include VERB bracis-33662 5 11 the the DET bracis-33662 5 12 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 5 13 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 5 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 6 1 self self NOUN bracis-33662 6 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 6 3 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 6 4 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 6 5 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 6 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 6 7 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 6 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 6 9 has have AUX bracis-33662 6 10 gained gain VERB bracis-33662 6 11 increasing increase VERB bracis-33662 6 12 attention attention NOUN bracis-33662 6 13 due due ADP bracis-33662 6 14 to to ADP bracis-33662 6 15 its its PRON bracis-33662 6 16 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33662 6 17 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 6 18 in in ADP bracis-33662 6 19 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 6 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 6 21 scarce scarce ADJ bracis-33662 6 22 availability availability NOUN bracis-33662 6 23 of of ADP bracis-33662 6 24 a a DET bracis-33662 6 25 large large ADJ bracis-33662 6 26 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 6 27 of of ADP bracis-33662 6 28 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 6 29 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 6 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 7 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 7 2 this this DET bracis-33662 7 3 work work NOUN bracis-33662 7 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 7 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 7 6 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 7 7 using use VERB bracis-33662 7 8 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 7 9 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 7 10 in in ADP bracis-33662 7 11 a a DET bracis-33662 7 12 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 7 13 - - ADJ bracis-33662 7 14 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 7 15 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 7 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 8 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 8 2 raised raise VERB bracis-33662 8 3 different different ADJ bracis-33662 8 4 research research NOUN bracis-33662 8 5 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 8 6 supported support VERB bracis-33662 8 7 by by ADP bracis-33662 8 8 the the DET bracis-33662 8 9 assumption assumption NOUN bracis-33662 8 10 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 8 11 high high ADJ bracis-33662 8 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 8 13 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 8 14 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 8 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 8 16 with with ADP bracis-33662 8 17 a a DET bracis-33662 8 18 large large ADJ bracis-33662 8 19 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 8 20 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 8 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 8 22 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 8 23 of of ADP bracis-33662 8 24 records record NOUN bracis-33662 8 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 8 26 is be AUX bracis-33662 8 27 helpful helpful ADJ bracis-33662 8 28 for for ADP bracis-33662 8 29 training training NOUN bracis-33662 8 30 models model NOUN bracis-33662 8 31 in in ADP bracis-33662 8 32 an an DET bracis-33662 8 33 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 8 34 manner manner NOUN bracis-33662 8 35 to to PART bracis-33662 8 36 classify classify VERB bracis-33662 8 37 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 8 38 in in ADP bracis-33662 8 39 low low ADJ bracis-33662 8 40 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 8 41 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 8 42 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 8 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 9 1 besides besides SCONJ bracis-33662 9 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 9 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 9 4 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33662 9 5 different different ADJ bracis-33662 9 6 resampling resample VERB bracis-33662 9 7 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 9 8 to to PART bracis-33662 9 9 match match VERB bracis-33662 9 10 the the DET bracis-33662 9 11 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 9 12 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 9 13 between between ADP bracis-33662 9 14 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 9 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 9 16 including include VERB bracis-33662 9 17 a a DET bracis-33662 9 18 novel novel ADJ bracis-33662 9 19 upsampler upsampler NOUN bracis-33662 9 20 based base VERB bracis-33662 9 21 on on ADP bracis-33662 9 22 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 9 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 10 1 our our PRON bracis-33662 10 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 10 3 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 10 4 shows show VERB bracis-33662 10 5 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 10 6 using use VERB bracis-33662 10 7 the the DET bracis-33662 10 8 state state NOUN bracis-33662 10 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 10 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 10 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 10 12 the the DET bracis-33662 10 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 10 14 art art NOUN bracis-33662 10 15 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 10 16 models model NOUN bracis-33662 10 17 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 10 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 10 19 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 10 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 10 21 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 10 22 can can AUX bracis-33662 10 23 improve improve VERB bracis-33662 10 24 the the DET bracis-33662 10 25 accuracy accuracy NOUN bracis-33662 10 26 in in ADP bracis-33662 10 27 the the DET bracis-33662 10 28 low low ADJ bracis-33662 10 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 10 30 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 10 31 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 10 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 11 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 11 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 11 3 the the DET bracis-33662 11 4 best good ADJ bracis-33662 11 5 results result NOUN bracis-33662 11 6 were be AUX bracis-33662 11 7 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 11 8 using use VERB bracis-33662 11 9 the the DET bracis-33662 11 10 same same ADJ bracis-33662 11 11 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 11 12 in in ADP bracis-33662 11 13 both both DET bracis-33662 11 14 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 11 15 - - NOUN bracis-33662 11 16 training training ADJ bracis-33662 11 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 11 18 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 11 19 task task NOUN bracis-33662 11 20 steps step NOUN bracis-33662 11 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 12 1 these these DET bracis-33662 12 2 results result NOUN bracis-33662 12 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33662 12 4 the the DET bracis-33662 12 5 need need NOUN bracis-33662 12 6 to to PART bracis-33662 12 7 develop develop VERB bracis-33662 12 8 more more ADV bracis-33662 12 9 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33662 12 10 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 12 11 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 12 12 for for ADP bracis-33662 12 13 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 12 14 - - ADJ bracis-33662 12 15 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 12 16 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 12 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 12 18 which which PRON bracis-33662 12 19 may may AUX bracis-33662 12 20 use use VERB bracis-33662 12 21 our our PRON bracis-33662 12 22 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 12 23 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 12 24 to to PART bracis-33662 12 25 build build VERB bracis-33662 12 26 new new ADJ bracis-33662 12 27 ideas idea NOUN bracis-33662 12 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 13 1 access access NOUN bracis-33662 13 2 provided provide VERB bracis-33662 13 3 by by ADP bracis-33662 13 4 university university PROPN bracis-33662 13 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 13 6 notre notre PROPN bracis-33662 13 7 dame dame PROPN bracis-33662 13 8 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33662 13 9 library library PROPN bracis-33662 13 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 14 1 download download PROPN bracis-33662 14 2 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 14 3 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 14 4 pdf pdf NOUN bracis-33662 14 5 similar similar ADJ bracis-33662 14 6 content content NOUN bracis-33662 14 7 being be AUX bracis-33662 14 8 viewed view VERB bracis-33662 14 9 by by ADP bracis-33662 14 10 others other NOUN bracis-33662 14 11 multi multi ADJ bracis-33662 14 12 - - ADJ bracis-33662 14 13 source source ADJ bracis-33662 14 14 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 14 15 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 14 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 17 based base VERB bracis-33662 14 18 cardiac cardiac ADJ bracis-33662 14 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 20 abnormality abnormality NOUN bracis-33662 14 21 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-33662 14 22 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 14 23 with with ADP bracis-33662 14 24 fast fast ADJ bracis-33662 14 25 – – PUNCT bracis-33662 14 26 slow slow ADJ bracis-33662 14 27 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 14 28 dnns dnns ADJ bracis-33662 14 29 article article NOUN bracis-33662 14 30 06 06 NUM bracis-33662 14 31 may may AUX bracis-33662 14 32 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 14 33 detection detection NOUN bracis-33662 14 34 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 35 cardiovascular cardiovascular ADJ bracis-33662 14 36 disease disease NOUN bracis-33662 14 37 by by ADP bracis-33662 14 38 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 14 39 images image NOUN bracis-33662 14 40 using use VERB bracis-33662 14 41 lstm lstm ADJ bracis-33662 14 42 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33662 14 43 © © PROPN bracis-33662 14 44 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 14 45 bridging bridge VERB bracis-33662 14 46 the the DET bracis-33662 14 47     SPACE bracis-33662 14 48 gap gap NOUN bracis-33662 14 49 in in ADP bracis-33662 14 50     SPACE bracis-33662 14 51 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 14 52 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 14 53 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 14 54 integrating integrate VERB bracis-33662 14 55 self self NOUN bracis-33662 14 56 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 57 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 14 58 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 14 59 with with ADP bracis-33662 14 60     SPACE bracis-33662 14 61 human human NOUN bracis-33662 14 62 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 63 in in ADP bracis-33662 14 64 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 65 the the DET bracis-33662 14 66 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 14 67 loop loop NOUN bracis-33662 14 68 amid amid ADP bracis-33662 14 69     SPACE bracis-33662 14 70 medical medical ADJ bracis-33662 14 71 equipment equipment NOUN bracis-33662 14 72 hardware hardware NOUN bracis-33662 14 73 constraints constraint NOUN bracis-33662 14 74 chapter chapter NOUN bracis-33662 14 75 © © ADP bracis-33662 14 76 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33662 14 77 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 14 78 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-33662 14 79 cardiovascular cardiovascular ADJ bracis-33662 14 80 disease disease NOUN bracis-33662 14 81 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 14 82 cvd cvd PROPN bracis-33662 14 83 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 14 84 was be AUX bracis-33662 14 85 one one NUM bracis-33662 14 86 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 87 the the DET bracis-33662 14 88 leading lead VERB bracis-33662 14 89 causes cause NOUN bracis-33662 14 90 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 91 worldwide worldwide ADJ bracis-33662 14 92 death death NOUN bracis-33662 14 93 in in ADP bracis-33662 14 94 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33662 14 95 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 14 96 being be AUX bracis-33662 14 97 an an DET bracis-33662 14 98 annual annual ADJ bracis-33662 14 99 burden burden NOUN bracis-33662 14 100 for for ADP bracis-33662 14 101 the the DET bracis-33662 14 102 european european ADJ bracis-33662 14 103 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 14 104 american american ADJ bracis-33662 14 105 economies economy NOUN bracis-33662 14 106 estimated estimate VERB bracis-33662 14 107 on on ADP bracis-33662 14 108 a a DET bracis-33662 14 109 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 14 110 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 111 hundreds hundred NOUN bracis-33662 14 112 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 113 billions billion NOUN bracis-33662 14 114 of of ADP bracis-33662 14 115 dollars dollar NOUN bracis-33662 14 116 [ [ X bracis-33662 14 117 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 14 118 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 14 119 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 15 1 on on ADP bracis-33662 15 2 the the DET bracis-33662 15 3 other other ADJ bracis-33662 15 4 hand hand NOUN bracis-33662 15 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 15 6 identifying identify VERB bracis-33662 15 7 heart heart NOUN bracis-33662 15 8 abnormalities abnormality NOUN bracis-33662 15 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 15 10 providing provide VERB bracis-33662 15 11 effective effective ADJ bracis-33662 15 12 treatment treatment NOUN bracis-33662 15 13 requires require VERB bracis-33662 15 14 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 15 15 human human ADJ bracis-33662 15 16 efforts effort NOUN bracis-33662 15 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 15 18 expensive expensive ADJ bracis-33662 15 19 medical medical ADJ bracis-33662 15 20 procedures procedure NOUN bracis-33662 15 21 [ [ X bracis-33662 15 22 17 17 NUM bracis-33662 15 23 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 15 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 16 1 the the DET bracis-33662 16 2 primary primary ADJ bracis-33662 16 3 source source NOUN bracis-33662 16 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 16 5 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 16 6 to to PART bracis-33662 16 7 identify identify VERB bracis-33662 16 8 these these DET bracis-33662 16 9 abnormalities abnormality NOUN bracis-33662 16 10 is be AUX bracis-33662 16 11 the the DET bracis-33662 16 12 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram NOUN bracis-33662 16 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 16 14 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 16 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 16 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 17 1 the the DET bracis-33662 17 2 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 17 3 is be AUX bracis-33662 17 4 a a DET bracis-33662 17 5 non non ADJ bracis-33662 17 6 - - ADJ bracis-33662 17 7 stationary stationary ADJ bracis-33662 17 8 physiological physiological ADJ bracis-33662 17 9 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 17 10 characterized characterize VERB bracis-33662 17 11 for for ADP bracis-33662 17 12 being be AUX bracis-33662 17 13 a a DET bracis-33662 17 14 low low ADJ bracis-33662 17 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 17 16 cost cost NOUN bracis-33662 17 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 17 18 rapid rapid ADJ bracis-33662 17 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 17 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 17 21 simple simple ADJ bracis-33662 17 22 exam exam NOUN bracis-33662 17 23 that that PRON bracis-33662 17 24 provides provide VERB bracis-33662 17 25 an an DET bracis-33662 17 26 overview overview NOUN bracis-33662 17 27 of of ADP bracis-33662 17 28 the the DET bracis-33662 17 29 physiological physiological ADJ bracis-33662 17 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 17 31 structural structural ADJ bracis-33662 17 32 condition condition NOUN bracis-33662 17 33 of of ADP bracis-33662 17 34 the the DET bracis-33662 17 35 heart heart NOUN bracis-33662 17 36 by by ADP bracis-33662 17 37 identifying identify VERB bracis-33662 17 38 pathological pathological ADJ bracis-33662 17 39 patterns pattern NOUN bracis-33662 17 40 among among ADP bracis-33662 17 41 the the DET bracis-33662 17 42 heartbeats heartbeat NOUN bracis-33662 17 43 [ [ X bracis-33662 17 44 14 14 NUM bracis-33662 17 45 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 17 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 18 1 alongside alongside ADP bracis-33662 18 2 monitoring monitor VERB bracis-33662 18 3 the the DET bracis-33662 18 4 heart heart NOUN bracis-33662 18 5 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 18 6 health health NOUN bracis-33662 18 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 18 8 ecgs ecgs PROPN bracis-33662 18 9 can can AUX bracis-33662 18 10 provide provide VERB bracis-33662 18 11 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-33662 18 12 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ bracis-33662 18 13 clues clue NOUN bracis-33662 18 14 for for ADP bracis-33662 18 15 systemic systemic ADJ bracis-33662 18 16 conditions condition NOUN bracis-33662 18 17 such such ADJ bracis-33662 18 18 as as ADP bracis-33662 18 19 mental mental ADJ bracis-33662 18 20 stress stress NOUN bracis-33662 18 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 18 22 drug drug NOUN bracis-33662 18 23 toxic toxic ADJ bracis-33662 18 24 effects effect NOUN bracis-33662 19 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 19 2 12 12 NUM bracis-33662 19 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 19 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 20 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 20 2 many many ADJ bracis-33662 20 3 cases case NOUN bracis-33662 20 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 20 5 the the DET bracis-33662 20 6 traditional traditional ADJ bracis-33662 20 7 rule rule NOUN bracis-33662 20 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 20 9 based base VERB bracis-33662 20 10 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN bracis-33662 20 11 paradigm paradigm NOUN bracis-33662 20 12 is be AUX bracis-33662 20 13 inefficient inefficient ADJ bracis-33662 20 14 due due ADP bracis-33662 20 15 to to ADP bracis-33662 20 16 the the DET bracis-33662 20 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 20 18 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN bracis-33662 20 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 20 20 motivating motivate VERB bracis-33662 20 21 the the DET bracis-33662 20 22 proposal proposal NOUN bracis-33662 20 23 of of ADP bracis-33662 20 24 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 20 25 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 20 26 networks network NOUN bracis-33662 20 27 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 20 28 based base VERB bracis-33662 20 29 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 20 30 for for ADP bracis-33662 20 31 various various ADJ bracis-33662 20 32 related related ADJ bracis-33662 20 33 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 20 34 [ [ X bracis-33662 20 35 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 20 36 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 20 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 21 1 generally generally ADV bracis-33662 21 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 21 3 the the DET bracis-33662 21 4 availability availability NOUN bracis-33662 21 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 21 6 sufficiently sufficiently ADV bracis-33662 21 7 large large ADJ bracis-33662 21 8 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 21 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 21 10 is be AUX bracis-33662 21 11 one one NUM bracis-33662 21 12 of of ADP bracis-33662 21 13 the the DET bracis-33662 21 14 critical critical ADJ bracis-33662 21 15 factors factor NOUN bracis-33662 21 16 for for ADP bracis-33662 21 17 reliable reliable ADJ bracis-33662 21 18 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 21 19 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 21 20 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 21 21 [ [ X bracis-33662 21 22 19 19 NUM bracis-33662 21 23 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 21 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 22 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 22 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 22 3 the the DET bracis-33662 22 4 labeling labeling NOUN bracis-33662 22 5 process process NOUN bracis-33662 22 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 22 7 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33662 22 8 costly costly ADJ bracis-33662 22 9 in in ADP bracis-33662 22 10 the the DET bracis-33662 22 11 health health NOUN bracis-33662 22 12 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 22 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 22 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 22 15 clinical clinical ADJ bracis-33662 22 16 ground ground NOUN bracis-33662 22 17 truth truth NOUN bracis-33662 22 18 is be AUX bracis-33662 22 19 hard hard ADJ bracis-33662 22 20 to to PART bracis-33662 22 21 define define VERB bracis-33662 22 22 in in ADP bracis-33662 22 23 many many ADJ bracis-33662 22 24 cases case NOUN bracis-33662 22 25 [ [ X bracis-33662 22 26 10 10 NUM bracis-33662 22 27 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 22 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 23 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 23 2 encouraged encourage VERB bracis-33662 23 3 some some DET bracis-33662 23 4 studies study NOUN bracis-33662 23 5 to to PART bracis-33662 23 6 explore explore VERB bracis-33662 23 7 the the DET bracis-33662 23 8 use use NOUN bracis-33662 23 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 23 10 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 23 11 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 23 12 for for ADP bracis-33662 23 13 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 23 14 data data PROPN bracis-33662 23 15 [ [ X bracis-33662 23 16 20 20 NUM bracis-33662 23 17 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 23 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 24 1 self self NOUN bracis-33662 24 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 24 3 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 24 4 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 24 5 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 24 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 24 7 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 24 8 only only ADV bracis-33662 24 9 self self NOUN bracis-33662 24 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 24 11 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 24 12 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 24 13 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 24 14 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 24 15 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 24 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 24 17 has have AUX bracis-33662 24 18 gained gain VERB bracis-33662 24 19 increasing increase VERB bracis-33662 24 20 attention attention NOUN bracis-33662 24 21 due due ADP bracis-33662 24 22 to to ADP bracis-33662 24 23 its its PRON bracis-33662 24 24 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33662 24 25 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 24 26 in in ADP bracis-33662 24 27 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 24 28 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 24 29 sufficiently sufficiently ADV bracis-33662 24 30 large large ADJ bracis-33662 24 31 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 24 32 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 24 33 for for ADP bracis-33662 24 34 training training NOUN bracis-33662 24 35 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 24 36 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 24 37 networks network NOUN bracis-33662 24 38 is be AUX bracis-33662 24 39 scarce scarce ADJ bracis-33662 24 40 [ [ X bracis-33662 24 41 19 19 NUM bracis-33662 24 42 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 24 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 25 1 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 25 2 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 25 3 are be AUX bracis-33662 25 4 a a DET bracis-33662 25 5 two two NUM bracis-33662 25 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 25 7 step step NOUN bracis-33662 25 8 framework framework NOUN bracis-33662 25 9 consisting consist VERB bracis-33662 25 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 25 11 an an DET bracis-33662 25 12 unsupervised unsupervised ADJ bracis-33662 25 13 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 25 14 - - ADJ bracis-33662 25 15 training training ADJ bracis-33662 25 16 step step NOUN bracis-33662 25 17 followed follow VERB bracis-33662 25 18 by by ADP bracis-33662 25 19 a a DET bracis-33662 25 20 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33662 25 21 task task NOUN bracis-33662 25 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 25 23 also also ADV bracis-33662 25 24 called call VERB bracis-33662 25 25 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 25 26 task task NOUN bracis-33662 25 27 [ [ X bracis-33662 25 28 12 12 NUM bracis-33662 25 29 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 25 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 26 1 the the DET bracis-33662 26 2 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 26 3 - - ADJ bracis-33662 26 4 training training ADJ bracis-33662 26 5 step step NOUN bracis-33662 26 6 relies rely VERB bracis-33662 26 7 on on ADP bracis-33662 26 8 an an DET bracis-33662 26 9 optimization optimization NOUN bracis-33662 26 10 task task NOUN bracis-33662 26 11 generated generate VERB bracis-33662 26 12 using use VERB bracis-33662 26 13 pseudo pseudo NOUN bracis-33662 26 14 - - NOUN bracis-33662 26 15 supervision supervision NOUN bracis-33662 26 16 signals signal NOUN bracis-33662 26 17 from from ADP bracis-33662 26 18 unlabeled unlabeled ADJ bracis-33662 26 19 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 26 20 [ [ X bracis-33662 26 21 22 22 NUM bracis-33662 26 22 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 26 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 27 1 the the DET bracis-33662 27 2 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 27 3 task task NOUN bracis-33662 27 4 defines define VERB bracis-33662 27 5 how how SCONJ bracis-33662 27 6 the the DET bracis-33662 27 7 model model NOUN bracis-33662 27 8 will will AUX bracis-33662 27 9 construct construct VERB bracis-33662 27 10 the the DET bracis-33662 27 11 pseudo pseudo NOUN bracis-33662 27 12 - - NOUN bracis-33662 27 13 supervision supervision NOUN bracis-33662 27 14 signals signal NOUN bracis-33662 27 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 27 16 serving serve VERB bracis-33662 27 17 as as ADP bracis-33662 27 18 a a DET bracis-33662 27 19 means mean NOUN bracis-33662 27 20 to to PART bracis-33662 27 21 learn learn VERB bracis-33662 27 22 informative informative ADJ bracis-33662 27 23 representations representation NOUN bracis-33662 27 24 for for ADP bracis-33662 27 25 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 27 26 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 27 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 28 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 28 2 can can AUX bracis-33662 28 3 generally generally ADV bracis-33662 28 4 organize organize VERB bracis-33662 28 5 the the DET bracis-33662 28 6 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 28 7 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 28 8 into into ADP bracis-33662 28 9 three three NUM bracis-33662 28 10 categories category NOUN bracis-33662 28 11 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 28 12 context context NOUN bracis-33662 28 13 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33662 28 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 28 15 instance instance NOUN bracis-33662 28 16 discrimination discrimination NOUN bracis-33662 28 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 28 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 28 19 instance instance NOUN bracis-33662 28 20 generation generation NOUN bracis-33662 28 21 [ [ X bracis-33662 28 22 19 19 NUM bracis-33662 28 23 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 28 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 29 1 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 29 2 is be AUX bracis-33662 29 3 stored store VERB bracis-33662 29 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 29 5 analyzed analyze VERB bracis-33662 29 6 as as ADP bracis-33662 29 7 a a DET bracis-33662 29 8 time time NOUN bracis-33662 29 9 series series NOUN bracis-33662 29 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 30 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 30 2 this this DET bracis-33662 30 3 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 30 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 30 5 context context NOUN bracis-33662 30 6 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33662 30 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 30 8 instance instance NOUN bracis-33662 30 9 discrimination discrimination NOUN bracis-33662 30 10 are be AUX bracis-33662 30 11 the the DET bracis-33662 30 12 most most ADV bracis-33662 30 13 commonly commonly ADV bracis-33662 30 14 used use VERB bracis-33662 30 15 category category NOUN bracis-33662 30 16 [ [ X bracis-33662 30 17 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 30 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 30 19 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 30 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 30 21 21 21 NUM bracis-33662 30 22 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 30 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 31 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 31 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 31 3 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33662 31 4 the the DET bracis-33662 31 5 variety variety NOUN bracis-33662 31 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 31 7 proposed propose VERB bracis-33662 31 8 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 31 9 task task NOUN bracis-33662 31 10 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 31 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 31 12 most most ADJ bracis-33662 31 13 research research NOUN bracis-33662 31 14 on on ADP bracis-33662 31 15 time time NOUN bracis-33662 31 16 series series PROPN bracis-33662 31 17 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 31 18 evaluates evaluate VERB bracis-33662 31 19 the the DET bracis-33662 31 20 quality quality NOUN bracis-33662 31 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 31 22 the the DET bracis-33662 31 23 proposed propose VERB bracis-33662 31 24 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 31 25 - - ADJ bracis-33662 31 26 trained train VERB bracis-33662 31 27 network network NOUN bracis-33662 31 28 using use VERB bracis-33662 31 29 the the DET bracis-33662 31 30 same same ADJ bracis-33662 31 31 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 31 32 in in ADP bracis-33662 31 33 both both DET bracis-33662 31 34 self self NOUN bracis-33662 31 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 31 36 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 31 37 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 31 38 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 31 39 steps step NOUN bracis-33662 31 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 32 1 this this DET bracis-33662 32 2 kind kind NOUN bracis-33662 32 3 of of ADP bracis-33662 32 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 32 5 helps helps AUX bracis-33662 32 6 demonstrate demonstrate VERB bracis-33662 32 7 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 32 8 the the DET bracis-33662 32 9 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 32 10 task task NOUN bracis-33662 32 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 32 12 its its PRON bracis-33662 32 13 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33662 32 14 may may AUX bracis-33662 32 15 help help VERB bracis-33662 32 16 classify classify VERB bracis-33662 32 17 a a DET bracis-33662 32 18 low low ADJ bracis-33662 32 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 32 20 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 32 21 target target NOUN bracis-33662 32 22 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 32 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 33 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 33 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 33 3 it it PRON bracis-33662 33 4 neglects neglect VERB bracis-33662 33 5 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 33 6 - - ADJ bracis-33662 33 7 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 33 8 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 33 9 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 33 10 a a DET bracis-33662 33 11 high high ADJ bracis-33662 33 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 33 13 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 33 14 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 33 15 is be AUX bracis-33662 33 16 used use VERB bracis-33662 33 17 as as ADP bracis-33662 33 18 source source NOUN bracis-33662 33 19 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 33 20 to to AUX bracis-33662 33 21 pre pre VERB bracis-33662 33 22 - - VERB bracis-33662 33 23 train train VERB bracis-33662 33 24 a a DET bracis-33662 33 25 model model NOUN bracis-33662 33 26 to to PART bracis-33662 33 27 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 33 28 the the DET bracis-33662 33 29 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 33 30 on on ADP bracis-33662 33 31 the the DET bracis-33662 33 32 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 33 33 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 33 34 that that PRON bracis-33662 33 35 only only ADV bracis-33662 33 36 rely rely VERB bracis-33662 33 37 on on ADP bracis-33662 33 38 low low ADJ bracis-33662 33 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 33 40 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 33 41 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 33 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 34 1 the the DET bracis-33662 34 2 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 34 3 - - ADJ bracis-33662 34 4 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 34 5 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 34 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 34 7 particularly particularly ADV bracis-33662 34 8 interesting interesting ADJ bracis-33662 34 9 for for ADP bracis-33662 34 10 healthcare healthcare NOUN bracis-33662 34 11 applications application NOUN bracis-33662 34 12 like like ADP bracis-33662 34 13 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 34 14 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 34 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 35 1 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 35 2 a a DET bracis-33662 35 3 large large ADJ bracis-33662 35 4 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 35 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 35 6 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 35 7 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 35 8 can can AUX bracis-33662 35 9 be be AUX bracis-33662 35 10 collected collect VERB bracis-33662 35 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 35 12 it it PRON bracis-33662 35 13 is be AUX bracis-33662 35 14 prevalent prevalent ADJ bracis-33662 35 15 for for ADP bracis-33662 35 16 annotated annotate VERB bracis-33662 35 17 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 35 18 to to PART bracis-33662 35 19 be be AUX bracis-33662 35 20 small small ADJ bracis-33662 35 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 36 1 additionally additionally ADV bracis-33662 36 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 36 3 an an DET bracis-33662 36 4 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 36 5 can can AUX bracis-33662 36 6 vary vary VERB bracis-33662 36 7 significantly significantly ADV bracis-33662 36 8 from from ADP bracis-33662 36 9 one one NUM bracis-33662 36 10 device device NOUN bracis-33662 36 11 to to ADP bracis-33662 36 12 another another PRON bracis-33662 36 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 36 14 including include VERB bracis-33662 36 15 its its PRON bracis-33662 36 16 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 36 17 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 36 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 36 19 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 36 20 even even ADV bracis-33662 36 21 from from ADP bracis-33662 36 22 one one NUM bracis-33662 36 23 patient patient NOUN bracis-33662 36 24 to to ADP bracis-33662 36 25 another another PRON bracis-33662 36 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 37 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-33662 37 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 37 3 understanding understand VERB bracis-33662 37 4 the the DET bracis-33662 37 5 quality quality NOUN bracis-33662 37 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 37 7 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 37 8 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 37 9 in in ADP bracis-33662 37 10 this this DET bracis-33662 37 11 context context NOUN bracis-33662 37 12 can can AUX bracis-33662 37 13 be be AUX bracis-33662 37 14 a a DET bracis-33662 37 15 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 37 16 step step NOUN bracis-33662 37 17 in in ADP bracis-33662 37 18 creating create VERB bracis-33662 37 19 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33662 37 20 models model NOUN bracis-33662 37 21 for for ADP bracis-33662 37 22 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 37 23 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 37 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 38 1 this this DET bracis-33662 38 2 observation observation NOUN bracis-33662 38 3 inspired inspire VERB bracis-33662 38 4 us we PRON bracis-33662 38 5 to to PART bracis-33662 38 6 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 38 7 the the DET bracis-33662 38 8 question question NOUN bracis-33662 38 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 38 10 can can AUX bracis-33662 38 11 a a DET bracis-33662 38 12 high high ADJ bracis-33662 38 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 38 14 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 38 15 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 38 16 be be AUX bracis-33662 38 17 used use VERB bracis-33662 38 18 to to PART bracis-33662 38 19 tackle tackle VERB bracis-33662 38 20 a a DET bracis-33662 38 21 low low ADJ bracis-33662 38 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 38 23 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 38 24 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 38 25 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 38 26 task task NOUN bracis-33662 38 27 with with ADP bracis-33662 38 28 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 38 29 - - ADJ bracis-33662 38 30 trained train VERB bracis-33662 38 31 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 38 32 models model NOUN bracis-33662 38 33 with with ADP bracis-33662 38 34 good good ADJ bracis-33662 38 35 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 38 36 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 39 1 to to PART bracis-33662 39 2 answer answer VERB bracis-33662 39 3 this this DET bracis-33662 39 4 question question NOUN bracis-33662 39 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 39 6 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33662 39 7 a a DET bracis-33662 39 8 set set NOUN bracis-33662 39 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 39 10 investigations investigation NOUN bracis-33662 39 11 that that PRON bracis-33662 39 12 identify identify VERB bracis-33662 39 13 the the DET bracis-33662 39 14 keys key NOUN bracis-33662 39 15 aspects aspect NOUN bracis-33662 39 16 need need VERB bracis-33662 39 17 to to PART bracis-33662 39 18 be be AUX bracis-33662 39 19 addressed address VERB bracis-33662 39 20 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 39 21 inserted insert VERB bracis-33662 39 22 on on ADP bracis-33662 39 23 a a DET bracis-33662 39 24 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 39 25 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 39 26 - - ADJ bracis-33662 39 27 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 39 28 scenariofootnote scenariofootnote NOUN bracis-33662 39 29 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 39 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 40 1 these these DET bracis-33662 40 2 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33662 40 3 can can AUX bracis-33662 40 4 be be AUX bracis-33662 40 5 summarized summarize VERB bracis-33662 40 6 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 40 7 follows follow VERB bracis-33662 40 8 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 40 9 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 40 10 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33662 40 11 between between ADP bracis-33662 40 12 same same ADJ bracis-33662 40 13 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 40 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 40 15 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 40 16 - - ADJ bracis-33662 40 17 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 40 18 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 40 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 41 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 41 2 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 41 3 the the DET bracis-33662 41 4 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 41 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 41 6 self self NOUN bracis-33662 41 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 41 8 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 41 9 models model NOUN bracis-33662 41 10 to to PART bracis-33662 41 11 transfer transfer VERB bracis-33662 41 12 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33662 41 13 between between ADP bracis-33662 41 14 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 41 15 from from ADP bracis-33662 41 16 the the DET bracis-33662 41 17 same same ADJ bracis-33662 41 18 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 41 19 using use VERB bracis-33662 41 20 a a DET bracis-33662 41 21 high high ADJ bracis-33662 41 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 41 23 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 41 24 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 41 25 to to PART bracis-33662 41 26 build build VERB bracis-33662 41 27 a a DET bracis-33662 41 28 robust robust ADJ bracis-33662 41 29 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 41 30 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 41 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 42 1 for for ADP bracis-33662 42 2 this this PRON bracis-33662 42 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 42 4 we we PRON bracis-33662 42 5 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 42 6 the the DET bracis-33662 42 7 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 42 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 42 9 quality quality NOUN bracis-33662 42 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 42 11 the the DET bracis-33662 42 12 embedding embed VERB bracis-33662 42 13 produced produce VERB bracis-33662 42 14 by by ADP bracis-33662 42 15 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 42 16 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 42 17 pre pre VERB bracis-33662 42 18 - - VERB bracis-33662 42 19 trained train VERB bracis-33662 42 20 on on ADP bracis-33662 42 21 high high ADJ bracis-33662 42 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 42 23 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 42 24 with with ADP bracis-33662 42 25 other other ADJ bracis-33662 42 26 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 42 27 - - VERB bracis-33662 42 28 trained train VERB bracis-33662 42 29 on on ADP bracis-33662 42 30 the the DET bracis-33662 42 31 target target NOUN bracis-33662 42 32 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 42 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 42 34 low low ADJ bracis-33662 42 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 42 36 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 42 37 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 42 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 43 1 the the DET bracis-33662 43 2 impact impact NOUN bracis-33662 43 3 of of ADP bracis-33662 43 4 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 43 5 task task NOUN bracis-33662 43 6 in in ADP bracis-33662 43 7 the the DET bracis-33662 43 8 final final ADJ bracis-33662 43 9 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 43 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 44 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 44 2 analyze analyze VERB bracis-33662 44 3 how how SCONJ bracis-33662 44 4 much much ADV bracis-33662 44 5 the the DET bracis-33662 44 6 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 44 7 - - ADJ bracis-33662 44 8 training training ADJ bracis-33662 44 9 step step NOUN bracis-33662 44 10 increases increase VERB bracis-33662 44 11 the the DET bracis-33662 44 12 model model NOUN bracis-33662 44 13 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 44 14 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 44 15 to to PART bracis-33662 44 16 classify classify VERB bracis-33662 44 17 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 44 18 under under ADP bracis-33662 44 19 a a DET bracis-33662 44 20 low low ADJ bracis-33662 44 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 44 22 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 44 23 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 44 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 45 1 to to PART bracis-33662 45 2 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 45 3 this this DET bracis-33662 45 4 aspect aspect NOUN bracis-33662 45 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 45 6 we we PRON bracis-33662 45 7 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 45 8 the the DET bracis-33662 45 9 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33662 45 10 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 45 11 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 45 12 with with ADP bracis-33662 45 13 a a DET bracis-33662 45 14 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 45 15 - - ADJ bracis-33662 45 16 trained train VERB bracis-33662 45 17 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 45 18 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 45 19 against against ADP bracis-33662 45 20 that that PRON bracis-33662 45 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 45 22 a a DET bracis-33662 45 23 classifier classifier NOUN bracis-33662 45 24 with with ADP bracis-33662 45 25 a a DET bracis-33662 45 26 random random ADJ bracis-33662 45 27 initialized initialize VERB bracis-33662 45 28 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 45 29 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 45 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 46 1 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33662 46 2 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 46 3 to to PART bracis-33662 46 4 deal deal VERB bracis-33662 46 5 with with ADP bracis-33662 46 6 different different ADJ bracis-33662 46 7 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 46 8 rates rate NOUN bracis-33662 46 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 47 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 47 2 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 47 3 the the DET bracis-33662 47 4 results result NOUN bracis-33662 47 5 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 47 6 by by ADP bracis-33662 47 7 upsampling upsample VERB bracis-33662 47 8 the the DET bracis-33662 47 9 target target NOUN bracis-33662 47 10 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 47 11 to to PART bracis-33662 47 12 match match VERB bracis-33662 47 13 the the DET bracis-33662 47 14 high high ADJ bracis-33662 47 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 47 16 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 47 17 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 47 18 with with ADP bracis-33662 47 19 those those PRON bracis-33662 47 20 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 47 21 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 47 22 we we PRON bracis-33662 47 23 downsample downsample VERB bracis-33662 47 24 the the DET bracis-33662 47 25 source source NOUN bracis-33662 47 26 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 47 27 to to PART bracis-33662 47 28 match match VERB bracis-33662 47 29 the the DET bracis-33662 47 30 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 47 31 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 47 32 of of ADP bracis-33662 47 33 the the DET bracis-33662 47 34 target target NOUN bracis-33662 47 35 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 47 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 48 1 using use VERB bracis-33662 48 2 a a DET bracis-33662 48 3 cross cross NOUN bracis-33662 48 4 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 48 5 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 48 6 - - ADJ bracis-33662 48 7 trained trained ADJ bracis-33662 48 8 upsampling upsampling NOUN bracis-33662 48 9 model model NOUN bracis-33662 48 10 instead instead ADV bracis-33662 48 11 of of ADP bracis-33662 48 12 a a DET bracis-33662 48 13 simple simple ADJ bracis-33662 48 14 interpolator interpolator NOUN bracis-33662 48 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 49 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 49 2 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 49 3 if if SCONJ bracis-33662 49 4 using use VERB bracis-33662 49 5 an an DET bracis-33662 49 6 upsampler upsampler ADJ bracis-33662 49 7 model model NOUN bracis-33662 49 8 trained train VERB bracis-33662 49 9 in in ADP bracis-33662 49 10 the the DET bracis-33662 49 11 source source NOUN bracis-33662 49 12 data data NOUN bracis-33662 49 13 outperforms outperform NOUN bracis-33662 49 14 using use VERB bracis-33662 49 15 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 49 16 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 49 17 to to PART bracis-33662 49 18 resample resample VERB bracis-33662 49 19 the the DET bracis-33662 49 20 target target NOUN bracis-33662 49 21 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 49 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 50 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 50 2 adapt adapt VERB bracis-33662 50 3 the the DET bracis-33662 50 4 original original ADJ bracis-33662 50 5 upsampler upsampler NOUN bracis-33662 50 6 model model NOUN bracis-33662 50 7 to to PART bracis-33662 50 8 lead lead VERB bracis-33662 50 9 the the DET bracis-33662 50 10 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 50 11 time time NOUN bracis-33662 50 12 series series NOUN bracis-33662 50 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 50 14 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 50 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 50 16 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 50 17 upsampling upsampling NOUN bracis-33662 50 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 51 1 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 51 2 motivations motivation NOUN bracis-33662 51 3 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 51 4 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 51 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 51 6 dl dl INTJ bracis-33662 51 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 51 8 has have AUX bracis-33662 51 9 been be AUX bracis-33662 51 10 successfully successfully ADV bracis-33662 51 11 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 51 12 in in ADP bracis-33662 51 13 detecting detect VERB bracis-33662 51 14 arrhythmia arrhythmia NOUN bracis-33662 51 15 using use VERB bracis-33662 51 16 ecgs ecgs NOUN bracis-33662 51 17 [ [ X bracis-33662 51 18 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 51 19 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 51 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 52 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 52 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 52 3 alongside alongside ADP bracis-33662 52 4 the the DET bracis-33662 52 5 need need NOUN bracis-33662 52 6 for for ADP bracis-33662 52 7 extensive extensive ADJ bracis-33662 52 8 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 52 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 52 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 52 11 dl dl PROPN bracis-33662 52 12 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33662 52 13 may may AUX bracis-33662 52 14 face face VERB bracis-33662 52 15 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33662 52 16 difficulties difficulty NOUN bracis-33662 52 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 52 18 especially especially ADV bracis-33662 52 19 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 52 20 the the DET bracis-33662 52 21 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 52 22 space space NOUN bracis-33662 52 23 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-33662 52 24 varies vary VERB bracis-33662 52 25 significantly significantly ADV bracis-33662 52 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 52 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 52 28 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 52 29 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 52 30 can can AUX bracis-33662 52 31 vary vary VERB bracis-33662 52 32 considerably considerably ADV bracis-33662 52 33 from from ADP bracis-33662 52 34 person person NOUN bracis-33662 52 35 to to ADP bracis-33662 52 36 person person NOUN bracis-33662 52 37 [ [ X bracis-33662 52 38 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 52 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 52 40 17 17 NUM bracis-33662 52 41 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 52 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 53 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 53 2     SPACE bracis-33662 53 3 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 53 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-33662 53 5 this this DET bracis-33662 53 6 fact fact NOUN bracis-33662 53 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 53 8 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 53 9 we we PRON bracis-33662 53 10 can can AUX bracis-33662 53 11 observe observe VERB bracis-33662 53 12 a a DET bracis-33662 53 13 considerable considerable ADJ bracis-33662 53 14 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 53 15 between between ADP bracis-33662 53 16 two two NUM bracis-33662 53 17 samples sample NOUN bracis-33662 53 18 of of ADP bracis-33662 53 19 the the DET bracis-33662 53 20 same same ADJ bracis-33662 53 21 class class NOUN bracis-33662 53 22 but but CCONJ bracis-33662 53 23 recorded record VERB bracis-33662 53 24 from from ADP bracis-33662 53 25 different different ADJ bracis-33662 53 26 subjects subject NOUN bracis-33662 53 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 54 1 the the DET bracis-33662 54 2 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 54 3 of of ADP bracis-33662 54 4 a a DET bracis-33662 54 5 dl dl PROPN bracis-33662 54 6 model model NOUN bracis-33662 54 7 trained train VERB bracis-33662 54 8 in in ADP bracis-33662 54 9 particular particular ADJ bracis-33662 54 10 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 54 11 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 54 12 may may AUX bracis-33662 54 13 not not PART bracis-33662 54 14 be be AUX bracis-33662 54 15 reliable reliable ADJ bracis-33662 54 16 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 54 17 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 54 18 to to ADP bracis-33662 54 19 another another DET bracis-33662 54 20 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 54 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 54 22 requiring require VERB bracis-33662 54 23 the the DET bracis-33662 54 24 model model NOUN bracis-33662 54 25 to to PART bracis-33662 54 26 have have VERB bracis-33662 54 27 a a DET bracis-33662 54 28 high high ADJ bracis-33662 54 29 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 54 30 to to PART bracis-33662 54 31 learn learn VERB bracis-33662 54 32 more more ADV bracis-33662 54 33 general general ADJ bracis-33662 54 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 54 35 meaningful meaningful ADJ bracis-33662 54 36 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 54 37 by by ADP bracis-33662 54 38 incorporating incorporate VERB bracis-33662 54 39 the the DET bracis-33662 54 40 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 54 41 variability variability NOUN bracis-33662 54 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 55 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 55 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 56 1 1 1 X bracis-33662 56 2 . . X bracis-33662 56 3 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 56 4 between between ADP bracis-33662 56 5 samples sample NOUN bracis-33662 56 6 from from ADP bracis-33662 56 7 same same ADJ bracis-33662 56 8 class class NOUN bracis-33662 56 9 in in ADP bracis-33662 56 10 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 56 11 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 56 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 56 13 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 56 14 . . PROPN bracis-33662 56 15 sect sect NOUN bracis-33662 56 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 57 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-33662 57 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 57 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 58 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 58 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 58 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 58 4 motivation motivation NOUN bracis-33662 58 5 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 58 6 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 58 7 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 58 8 aims aim VERB bracis-33662 58 9 to to PART bracis-33662 58 10 train train VERB bracis-33662 58 11 powerful powerful ADJ bracis-33662 58 12 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 58 13 extractors extractor NOUN bracis-33662 58 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 59 1 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 59 2 techniques technique NOUN bracis-33662 59 3 aim aim VERB bracis-33662 59 4 to to PART bracis-33662 59 5 train train VERB bracis-33662 59 6 a a DET bracis-33662 59 7 powerful powerful ADJ bracis-33662 59 8 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 59 9 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 59 10 using use VERB bracis-33662 59 11 a a DET bracis-33662 59 12 discriminate discriminate ADJ bracis-33662 59 13 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 59 14 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 59 15 task task NOUN bracis-33662 59 16 that that PRON bracis-33662 59 17 exploits exploit VERB bracis-33662 59 18 the the DET bracis-33662 59 19 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33662 59 20 about about ADP bracis-33662 59 21 the the DET bracis-33662 59 22 data data NOUN bracis-33662 59 23 modality modality NOUN bracis-33662 59 24 without without ADP bracis-33662 59 25 the the DET bracis-33662 59 26 need need NOUN bracis-33662 59 27 for for ADP bracis-33662 59 28 manual manual ADJ bracis-33662 59 29 annotation annotation NOUN bracis-33662 59 30 of of ADP bracis-33662 59 31 the the DET bracis-33662 59 32 training training NOUN bracis-33662 59 33 examples example NOUN bracis-33662 59 34 [ [ X bracis-33662 59 35 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 59 36 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 59 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 60 1 conceptually conceptually ADV bracis-33662 60 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 60 3 in in ADP bracis-33662 60 4 this this DET bracis-33662 60 5 process process NOUN bracis-33662 60 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 60 7 we we PRON bracis-33662 60 8 have have VERB bracis-33662 60 9 two two NUM bracis-33662 60 10 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 60 11 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 60 12 one one NUM bracis-33662 60 13 used use VERB bracis-33662 60 14 during during ADP bracis-33662 60 15 the the DET bracis-33662 60 16 training training NOUN bracis-33662 60 17 of of ADP bracis-33662 60 18 the the DET bracis-33662 60 19 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 60 20 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 60 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 60 22 the the DET bracis-33662 60 23 source source NOUN bracis-33662 60 24 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 60 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 60 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 60 27 our our PRON bracis-33662 60 28 task task NOUN bracis-33662 60 29 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 60 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 60 31 the the DET bracis-33662 60 32 target target NOUN bracis-33662 60 33 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 60 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 61 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 61 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 3 in in ADP bracis-33662 61 4 recent recent ADJ bracis-33662 61 5 works work NOUN bracis-33662 61 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 7 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 61 8 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 61 9 for for ADP bracis-33662 61 10 time time NOUN bracis-33662 61 11 series series PROPN bracis-33662 61 12 have have AUX bracis-33662 61 13 been be AUX bracis-33662 61 14 intensely intensely ADV bracis-33662 61 15 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33662 61 16 on on ADP bracis-33662 61 17 the the DET bracis-33662 61 18 same same ADJ bracis-33662 61 19 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 61 20 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 61 21 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 61 22 the the DET bracis-33662 61 23 source source NOUN bracis-33662 61 24 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 61 25 target target NOUN bracis-33662 61 26 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 61 27 are be AUX bracis-33662 61 28 the the DET bracis-33662 61 29 same same ADJ bracis-33662 61 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 31 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 61 32 the the DET bracis-33662 61 33 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 61 34 on on ADP bracis-33662 61 35 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 61 36 - - ADJ bracis-33662 61 37 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 61 38 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 61 39 has have AUX bracis-33662 61 40 been be AUX bracis-33662 61 41 neglected neglect VERB bracis-33662 61 42 [ [ X bracis-33662 61 43 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 61 44 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 45 5 5 NUM bracis-33662 61 46 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 47 18 18 NUM bracis-33662 61 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 61 49 21 21 NUM bracis-33662 61 50 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 61 51 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 62 1 given give VERB bracis-33662 62 2 the the DET bracis-33662 62 3 lack lack NOUN bracis-33662 62 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 62 5 information information NOUN bracis-33662 62 6 about about ADP bracis-33662 62 7 the the DET bracis-33662 62 8 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 62 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 62 10 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 62 11 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 62 12 in in ADP bracis-33662 62 13 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 62 14 - - ADJ bracis-33662 62 15 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 62 16 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 62 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 62 18 we we PRON bracis-33662 62 19 raise raise VERB bracis-33662 62 20 the the DET bracis-33662 62 21 following follow VERB bracis-33662 62 22 research research NOUN bracis-33662 62 23 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 62 24 to to PART bracis-33662 62 25 be be AUX bracis-33662 62 26 answered answer VERB bracis-33662 62 27 in in ADP bracis-33662 62 28 the the DET bracis-33662 62 29 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 62 30 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 62 31 context context NOUN bracis-33662 62 32 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 62 33 rq1 rq1 NOUN bracis-33662 62 34 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 62 35 does do AUX bracis-33662 62 36 using use VERB bracis-33662 62 37 a a DET bracis-33662 62 38 high high ADJ bracis-33662 62 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 62 40 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 62 41 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 62 42 increase increase NOUN bracis-33662 62 43 the the DET bracis-33662 62 44 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 62 45 of of ADP bracis-33662 62 46 the the DET bracis-33662 62 47 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 62 48 method method NOUN bracis-33662 62 49 in in ADP bracis-33662 62 50 a a DET bracis-33662 62 51 low low ADJ bracis-33662 62 52 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 62 53 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 62 54 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 62 55 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 63 1 rq2 rq2 NOUN bracis-33662 63 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 63 3 how how SCONJ bracis-33662 63 4 much much ADJ bracis-33662 63 5 does do AUX bracis-33662 63 6 the the DET bracis-33662 63 7 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 63 8 task task NOUN bracis-33662 63 9 impact impact NOUN bracis-33662 63 10 the the DET bracis-33662 63 11 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 63 12 of of ADP bracis-33662 63 13 the the DET bracis-33662 63 14 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 63 15 task task NOUN bracis-33662 63 16 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 64 1 motivation motivation NOUN bracis-33662 64 2 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 64 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 64 4 the the DET bracis-33662 64 5 improvement improvement NOUN bracis-33662 64 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 64 7 the the DET bracis-33662 64 8 diversity diversity NOUN bracis-33662 64 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 64 10 the the DET bracis-33662 64 11 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 64 12 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 64 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 65 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 65 2 recent recent ADJ bracis-33662 65 3 years year NOUN bracis-33662 65 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 65 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 65 6 have have AUX bracis-33662 65 7 had have VERB bracis-33662 65 8 an an DET bracis-33662 65 9 improvement improvement NOUN bracis-33662 65 10 in in ADP bracis-33662 65 11 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 65 12 database database NOUN bracis-33662 65 13 diversity diversity NOUN bracis-33662 65 14 in in ADP bracis-33662 65 15 terms term NOUN bracis-33662 65 16 of of ADP bracis-33662 65 17 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 65 18 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 65 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 65 20 number number NOUN bracis-33662 65 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 65 22 channels channel NOUN bracis-33662 65 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 65 24 duration duration NOUN bracis-33662 65 25 of of ADP bracis-33662 65 26 the the DET bracis-33662 65 27 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 65 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 65 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 65 30 propose propose VERB bracis-33662 65 31 [ [ X bracis-33662 65 32 17 17 NUM bracis-33662 65 33 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 65 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 66 1 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 66 2 leading lead VERB bracis-33662 66 3 with with ADP bracis-33662 66 4 a a DET bracis-33662 66 5 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33662 66 6 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 66 7 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 66 8 the the DET bracis-33662 66 9 similarity similarity NOUN bracis-33662 66 10 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 66 11 dissimilarity dissimilarity NOUN bracis-33662 66 12 of of ADP bracis-33662 66 13 the the DET bracis-33662 66 14 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 66 15 play play VERB bracis-33662 66 16 an an DET bracis-33662 66 17 important important ADJ bracis-33662 66 18 role role NOUN bracis-33662 66 19 [ [ X bracis-33662 66 20 22 22 NUM bracis-33662 66 21 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 66 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 67 1 to to PART bracis-33662 67 2 mitigate mitigate VERB bracis-33662 67 3 this this DET bracis-33662 67 4 effects effect NOUN bracis-33662 67 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 67 6 we we PRON bracis-33662 67 7 selected select VERB bracis-33662 67 8 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 67 9 from from ADP bracis-33662 67 10 the the DET bracis-33662 67 11 same same ADJ bracis-33662 67 12 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 67 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 67 14 resampled resample VERB bracis-33662 67 15 to to PART bracis-33662 67 16 match match VERB bracis-33662 67 17 their their PRON bracis-33662 67 18 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 67 19 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 67 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 68 1 aiming aim VERB bracis-33662 68 2 to to PART bracis-33662 68 3 incorporate incorporate VERB bracis-33662 68 4 the the DET bracis-33662 68 5 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 68 6 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 68 7 differences difference NOUN bracis-33662 68 8 in in ADP bracis-33662 68 9 the the DET bracis-33662 68 10 self self NOUN bracis-33662 68 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 68 12 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 68 13 workflow workflow NOUN bracis-33662 68 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 68 15 we we PRON bracis-33662 68 16 raise raise VERB bracis-33662 68 17 the the DET bracis-33662 68 18 following follow VERB bracis-33662 68 19 research research NOUN bracis-33662 68 20 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 68 21 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 68 22 rq3 rq3 NOUN bracis-33662 68 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 68 24 what what PRON bracis-33662 68 25 is be AUX bracis-33662 68 26 the the DET bracis-33662 68 27 better well ADJ bracis-33662 68 28 resampling resample VERB bracis-33662 68 29 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 68 30 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 68 31 the the DET bracis-33662 68 32 source source NOUN bracis-33662 68 33 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 68 34 has have VERB bracis-33662 68 35 a a DET bracis-33662 68 36 higher high ADJ bracis-33662 68 37 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 68 38 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 68 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 68 40 upsampling upsample VERB bracis-33662 68 41 the the DET bracis-33662 68 42 target target NOUN bracis-33662 68 43 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 68 44 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 68 45 downsampling downsample VERB bracis-33662 68 46 the the DET bracis-33662 68 47 source source NOUN bracis-33662 68 48 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 68 49 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 69 1 rq4 rq4 NOUN bracis-33662 69 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 69 3 does do AUX bracis-33662 69 4 the the DET bracis-33662 69 5 utilization utilization NOUN bracis-33662 69 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 69 7 a a DET bracis-33662 69 8 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 69 9 - - ADJ bracis-33662 69 10 trained trained ADJ bracis-33662 69 11 upsampling upsampling NOUN bracis-33662 69 12 model model NOUN bracis-33662 69 13 outperform outperform VERB bracis-33662 69 14 the the DET bracis-33662 69 15 use use NOUN bracis-33662 69 16 of of ADP bracis-33662 69 17 a a DET bracis-33662 69 18 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 69 19 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 69 20 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 70 1 this this DET bracis-33662 70 2 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 70 3 tries try VERB bracis-33662 70 4 to to PART bracis-33662 70 5 answer answer VERB bracis-33662 70 6 these these DET bracis-33662 70 7 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 70 8 through through ADP bracis-33662 70 9 empirical empirical ADJ bracis-33662 70 10 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 70 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 71 1 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 71 2 research research NOUN bracis-33662 71 3 methodology methodology NOUN bracis-33662 71 4 to to PART bracis-33662 71 5 answer answer VERB bracis-33662 71 6 the the DET bracis-33662 71 7 research research NOUN bracis-33662 71 8 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 71 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 71 10 we we PRON bracis-33662 71 11 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33662 71 12 a a DET bracis-33662 71 13 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ bracis-33662 71 14 set set NOUN bracis-33662 71 15 of of ADP bracis-33662 71 16 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 71 17 to to PART bracis-33662 71 18 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 71 19 the the DET bracis-33662 71 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 71 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 71 22 two two NUM bracis-33662 71 23 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 71 24 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 71 25 on on ADP bracis-33662 71 26 a a DET bracis-33662 71 27 low low ADJ bracis-33662 71 28 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 71 29 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 71 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 71 31 low low ADJ bracis-33662 71 32 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 71 33 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 71 34 multi multi ADJ bracis-33662 71 35 - - ADJ bracis-33662 71 36 class class ADJ bracis-33662 71 37 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 71 38 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 71 39 task task NOUN bracis-33662 71 40 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 72 1 the the DET bracis-33662 72 2 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 72 3 were be AUX bracis-33662 72 4 split split VERB bracis-33662 72 5 into into ADP bracis-33662 72 6 four four NUM bracis-33662 72 7 different different ADJ bracis-33662 72 8 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 72 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 72 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 72 11 1 1 X bracis-33662 72 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 72 13 target target NOUN bracis-33662 72 14 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 72 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 72 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 72 17 2 2 X bracis-33662 72 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 72 19 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 72 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 72 21 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 72 22 3 3 X bracis-33662 72 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 72 24 source source NOUN bracis-33662 72 25 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 72 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 72 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 72 28 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 72 29 4 4 X bracis-33662 72 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 72 31 same same ADJ bracis-33662 72 32 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 72 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 73 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 73 2     SPACE bracis-33662 73 3 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 73 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-33662 73 5 the the DET bracis-33662 73 6 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33662 73 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 73 8 each each DET bracis-33662 73 9 workflow workflow NOUN bracis-33662 73 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 74 1 through through ADP bracis-33662 74 2 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 74 3 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 74 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 74 5 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 74 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 74 7 we we PRON bracis-33662 74 8 aim aim VERB bracis-33662 74 9 to to PART bracis-33662 74 10 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33662 74 11 the the DET bracis-33662 74 12 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 74 13 between between ADP bracis-33662 74 14 resampling resample VERB bracis-33662 74 15 the the DET bracis-33662 74 16 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 74 17 using use VERB bracis-33662 74 18 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 74 19 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 74 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 74 21 the the DET bracis-33662 74 22 upsampling upsample VERB bracis-33662 74 23 model model NOUN bracis-33662 74 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 75 1 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 75 2 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 75 3 helps help VERB bracis-33662 75 4 us we PRON bracis-33662 75 5 to to PART bracis-33662 75 6 decide decide VERB bracis-33662 75 7 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 75 8 to to PART bracis-33662 75 9 resample resample VERB bracis-33662 75 10 the the DET bracis-33662 75 11 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 75 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 75 13 at at ADP bracis-33662 75 14 the the DET bracis-33662 75 15 pre pre NOUN bracis-33662 75 16 - - NOUN bracis-33662 75 17 training training NOUN bracis-33662 75 18 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 75 19 calibration calibration NOUN bracis-33662 75 20 phase phase NOUN bracis-33662 75 21 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 75 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 76 1 at at ADP bracis-33662 76 2 last last ADJ bracis-33662 76 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 76 4 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 76 5 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 76 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 76 7 a a DET bracis-33662 76 8 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33662 76 9 for for ADP bracis-33662 76 10 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 76 11 - - ADJ bracis-33662 76 12 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 76 13 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 76 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 77 1 all all DET bracis-33662 77 2 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 77 3 end end VERB bracis-33662 77 4 with with ADP bracis-33662 77 5 a a DET bracis-33662 77 6 task task NOUN bracis-33662 77 7 model model NOUN bracis-33662 77 8 consisting consist VERB bracis-33662 77 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 77 10 the the DET bracis-33662 77 11 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 77 12 task task NOUN bracis-33662 77 13 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 77 14 decision decision NOUN bracis-33662 77 15 layers layer NOUN bracis-33662 77 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 78 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 78 2 our our PRON bracis-33662 78 3 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 78 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 78 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 78 6 vary vary VERB bracis-33662 78 7 the the DET bracis-33662 78 8 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 78 9 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 78 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 78 11 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 78 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 78 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 78 14 task task NOUN bracis-33662 78 15 models model NOUN bracis-33662 78 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 78 17 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 78 18 . . PROPN bracis-33662 78 19 sect sect NOUN bracis-33662 78 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 78 21     SPACE bracis-33662 78 22 4.3 4.3 NUM bracis-33662 78 23 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 78 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 79 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 79 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 80 1 2 2 X bracis-33662 80 2 . . X bracis-33662 80 3 the the DET bracis-33662 80 4 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33662 80 5 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 80 6 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 80 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 81 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 81 2 1 1 X bracis-33662 81 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 81 4 target target NOUN bracis-33662 81 5 interp interp NOUN bracis-33662 81 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 82 1 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 82 2 - - VERB bracis-33662 82 3 train train VERB bracis-33662 82 4 the the DET bracis-33662 82 5 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 82 6 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 82 7 in in ADP bracis-33662 82 8 the the DET bracis-33662 82 9 source source NOUN bracis-33662 82 10 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 82 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 82 12 calibrate calibrate ADJ bracis-33662 82 13 using use VERB bracis-33662 82 14 the the DET bracis-33662 82 15 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 82 16 interpolated interpolate VERB bracis-33662 82 17 target target NOUN bracis-33662 82 18 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 82 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 83 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 83 2 2 2 X bracis-33662 83 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 83 4 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 84 1 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 84 2 - - VERB bracis-33662 84 3 train train VERB bracis-33662 84 4 the the DET bracis-33662 84 5 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 84 6 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 84 7 in in ADP bracis-33662 84 8 the the DET bracis-33662 84 9 source source NOUN bracis-33662 84 10 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 84 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 84 12 calibrate calibrate ADJ bracis-33662 84 13 using use VERB bracis-33662 84 14 the the DET bracis-33662 84 15 target target NOUN bracis-33662 84 16 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 84 17 upsampled upsample VERB bracis-33662 84 18 using use VERB bracis-33662 84 19 the the DET bracis-33662 84 20 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 84 21 model model NOUN bracis-33662 84 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 85 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 85 2 3 3 X bracis-33662 85 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 85 4 source source NOUN bracis-33662 85 5 interp interp NOUN bracis-33662 85 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 86 1 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 86 2 - - VERB bracis-33662 86 3 train train VERB bracis-33662 86 4 the the DET bracis-33662 86 5 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 86 6 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 86 7 in in ADP bracis-33662 86 8 the the DET bracis-33662 86 9 downsampled downsample VERB bracis-33662 86 10 source source NOUN bracis-33662 86 11 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 86 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 86 13 calibrate calibrate VERB bracis-33662 86 14 with with ADP bracis-33662 86 15 the the DET bracis-33662 86 16 target target NOUN bracis-33662 86 17 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 86 18 at at ADP bracis-33662 86 19 the the DET bracis-33662 86 20 original original ADJ bracis-33662 86 21 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 86 22 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 86 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 87 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 87 2 4 4 X bracis-33662 87 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 87 4 same same ADJ bracis-33662 87 5 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 87 6 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 87 7 - - NOUN bracis-33662 87 8 training training NOUN bracis-33662 87 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 87 10 calibration calibration NOUN bracis-33662 87 11 phases phase NOUN bracis-33662 87 12 are be AUX bracis-33662 87 13 made make VERB bracis-33662 87 14 using use VERB bracis-33662 87 15 the the DET bracis-33662 87 16 target target NOUN bracis-33662 87 17 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 87 18 at at ADP bracis-33662 87 19 the the DET bracis-33662 87 20 original original ADJ bracis-33662 87 21 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 87 22 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 87 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 88 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 88 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 88 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 88 4 3.1 3.1 NUM bracis-33662 88 5 time time NOUN bracis-33662 88 6 series series NOUN bracis-33662 88 7 upsampling upsample VERB bracis-33662 88 8 with with ADP bracis-33662 88 9     SPACE bracis-33662 88 10 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 88 11 single single ADJ bracis-33662 88 12 image image NOUN bracis-33662 88 13 super super NOUN bracis-33662 88 14 - - NOUN bracis-33662 88 15 resolution resolution ADJ bracis-33662 88 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 88 17 sisr sisr NOUN bracis-33662 88 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 88 19 refers refer VERB bracis-33662 88 20 to to ADP bracis-33662 88 21 a a DET bracis-33662 88 22 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 88 23 vision vision NOUN bracis-33662 88 24 task task NOUN bracis-33662 88 25 of of ADP bracis-33662 88 26 reconstructing reconstruct VERB bracis-33662 88 27 a a DET bracis-33662 88 28 super super ADJ bracis-33662 88 29 - - ADJ bracis-33662 88 30 resolution resolution ADJ bracis-33662 88 31 image image NOUN bracis-33662 88 32 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 88 33 sr sr PROPN bracis-33662 88 34 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 88 35 from from ADP bracis-33662 88 36 its its PRON bracis-33662 88 37 low low ADJ bracis-33662 88 38 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 88 39 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-33662 88 40 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 88 41 lr lr NOUN bracis-33662 88 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 88 43 counterpart counterpart NOUN bracis-33662 89 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 89 2 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 89 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 89 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 90 1 dominant dominant ADJ bracis-33662 90 2 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 90 3 focus focus VERB bracis-33662 90 4 on on ADP bracis-33662 90 5 extracting extract VERB bracis-33662 90 6 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 90 7 using use VERB bracis-33662 90 8 a a DET bracis-33662 90 9 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 90 10 vision vision NOUN bracis-33662 90 11 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33662 90 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 90 13 then then ADV bracis-33662 90 14 upsample upsample VERB bracis-33662 90 15 this this DET bracis-33662 90 16 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 90 17 space space NOUN bracis-33662 90 18 to to ADP bracis-33662 90 19 high high ADJ bracis-33662 90 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 90 21 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-33662 90 22 images image NOUN bracis-33662 90 23 at at ADP bracis-33662 90 24 the the DET bracis-33662 90 25 network network NOUN bracis-33662 90 26 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 90 27 end end NOUN bracis-33662 91 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 91 2 8 8 NUM bracis-33662 91 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 91 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 92 1 swinir swinir NOUN bracis-33662 93 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 93 2 9 9 NUM bracis-33662 93 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 93 4 combines combine VERB bracis-33662 93 5 shallow shallow ADJ bracis-33662 93 6 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 93 7 extracted extract VERB bracis-33662 93 8 by by ADP bracis-33662 93 9 the the DET bracis-33662 93 10 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 93 11 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 93 12 with with ADP bracis-33662 93 13 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 93 14 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 93 15 extracted extract VERB bracis-33662 93 16 using use VERB bracis-33662 93 17 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33662 93 18 blocks block NOUN bracis-33662 93 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 93 20 which which PRON bracis-33662 93 21 can can AUX bracis-33662 93 22 capture capture VERB bracis-33662 93 23 long long ADJ bracis-33662 93 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 93 25 range range NOUN bracis-33662 93 26 dependencies dependency NOUN bracis-33662 93 27 within within ADP bracis-33662 93 28 varying vary VERB bracis-33662 93 29 contents content NOUN bracis-33662 93 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 94 1 considering consider VERB bracis-33662 94 2 the the DET bracis-33662 94 3 already already ADV bracis-33662 94 4 substantial substantial ADJ bracis-33662 94 5 computational computational ADJ bracis-33662 94 6 cost cost NOUN bracis-33662 94 7 associated associate VERB bracis-33662 94 8 with with ADP bracis-33662 94 9 the the DET bracis-33662 94 10 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 94 11 task task NOUN bracis-33662 94 12 of of ADP bracis-33662 94 13 the the DET bracis-33662 94 14 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 94 15 models model NOUN bracis-33662 94 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 94 17 we we PRON bracis-33662 94 18 opted opt VERB bracis-33662 94 19 to to PART bracis-33662 94 20 utilize utilize VERB bracis-33662 94 21 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 95 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 95 2 13 13 NUM bracis-33662 95 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 95 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 95 5 an an DET bracis-33662 95 6 sisr sisr ADJ bracis-33662 95 7 method method NOUN bracis-33662 95 8 that that PRON bracis-33662 95 9 uses use VERB bracis-33662 95 10 a a DET bracis-33662 95 11 shallow shallow ADJ bracis-33662 95 12 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 95 13 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 96 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 96 2 22 22 NUM bracis-33662 96 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 96 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 97 1 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 97 2 introduced introduce VERB bracis-33662 97 3 an an DET bracis-33662 97 4 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33662 97 5 way way NOUN bracis-33662 97 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 97 7 extracting extract VERB bracis-33662 97 8 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 97 9 maps map NOUN bracis-33662 97 10 on on ADP bracis-33662 97 11 lr lr NOUN bracis-33662 97 12 image image NOUN bracis-33662 97 13 space space NOUN bracis-33662 97 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 97 15 upscaling upscale VERB bracis-33662 97 16 them they PRON bracis-33662 97 17 into into ADP bracis-33662 97 18 the the DET bracis-33662 97 19 sr sr PROPN bracis-33662 97 20 image image NOUN bracis-33662 97 21 output output NOUN bracis-33662 97 22 through through ADP bracis-33662 97 23 the the DET bracis-33662 97 24 sub sub ADJ bracis-33662 97 25 - - ADJ bracis-33662 97 26 pixel pixel ADJ bracis-33662 97 27 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 97 28 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 97 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 98 1 initially initially ADV bracis-33662 98 2 proposed propose VERB bracis-33662 98 3 for for ADP bracis-33662 98 4 image image NOUN bracis-33662 98 5 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 98 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 98 7 produce produce VERB bracis-33662 98 8 outputs output NOUN bracis-33662 98 9 with with ADP bracis-33662 98 10 integer integer NOUN bracis-33662 98 11 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 98 12 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 98 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 98 14 we we PRON bracis-33662 98 15 adapted adapt VERB bracis-33662 98 16 the the DET bracis-33662 98 17 espcn espcn ADJ bracis-33662 98 18 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33662 98 19 to to PART bracis-33662 98 20 upsample upsample VERB bracis-33662 98 21 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 98 22 time time NOUN bracis-33662 98 23 series series NOUN bracis-33662 98 24 with with ADP bracis-33662 98 25 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 98 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 98 27 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 98 28 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 98 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 98 30 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 98 31 shown show VERB bracis-33662 98 32 in in ADP bracis-33662 98 33 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 98 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 98 35     SPACE bracis-33662 99 1 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 99 2 . . X bracis-33662 99 3 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 99 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 100 1 3 3 X bracis-33662 100 2 . . X bracis-33662 100 3 the the DET bracis-33662 100 4 architecture architecture NOUN bracis-33662 100 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 100 6 the the DET bracis-33662 100 7 adapted adapted ADJ bracis-33662 100 8 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 100 9 for for ADP bracis-33662 100 10 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 100 11 time time NOUN bracis-33662 100 12 series series NOUN bracis-33662 100 13 with with ADP bracis-33662 100 14 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 100 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 100 16 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 100 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 101 1 a a DET bracis-33662 101 2 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 101 3 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 101 4 module module NOUN bracis-33662 101 5 captures capture VERB bracis-33662 101 6 the the DET bracis-33662 101 7 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 101 8 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-33662 101 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 101 10 the the DET bracis-33662 101 11 input input NOUN bracis-33662 101 12 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 101 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 101 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 101 15 after after ADP bracis-33662 101 16 a a DET bracis-33662 101 17 sub sub ADJ bracis-33662 101 18 - - ADJ bracis-33662 101 19 pixel pixel ADJ bracis-33662 101 20 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 101 21 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 101 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 101 23 aggregates aggregate VERB bracis-33662 101 24 these these PRON bracis-33662 101 25 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 101 26 into into ADP bracis-33662 101 27 a a DET bracis-33662 101 28 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 101 29 time time NOUN bracis-33662 101 30 series series NOUN bracis-33662 101 31 space space NOUN bracis-33662 101 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 102 1 finally finally ADV bracis-33662 102 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 102 3 the the DET bracis-33662 102 4 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 102 5 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 102 6 reduces reduce VERB bracis-33662 102 7 the the DET bracis-33662 102 8 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 102 9 time time NOUN bracis-33662 102 10 series series NOUN bracis-33662 102 11 to to PART bracis-33662 102 12 match match VERB bracis-33662 102 13 the the DET bracis-33662 102 14 original original ADJ bracis-33662 102 15 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 102 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 102 17 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 102 18 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 102 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 103 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 103 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 103 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 103 4 our our PRON bracis-33662 103 5 adapted adapted ADJ bracis-33662 103 6 version version NOUN bracis-33662 103 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 103 8 the the DET bracis-33662 103 9 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 103 10 maintains maintain VERB bracis-33662 103 11 the the DET bracis-33662 103 12 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 103 13 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 103 14 module module NOUN bracis-33662 103 15 with with ADP bracis-33662 103 16 the the DET bracis-33662 103 17 same same ADJ bracis-33662 103 18 number number NOUN bracis-33662 103 19 of of ADP bracis-33662 103 20 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 103 21 blocks block NOUN bracis-33662 103 22 as as ADP bracis-33662 103 23 the the DET bracis-33662 103 24 original original ADJ bracis-33662 103 25 proposal proposal NOUN bracis-33662 103 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 103 27 changing change VERB bracis-33662 103 28 the the DET bracis-33662 103 29 2d 2d NOUN bracis-33662 103 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 103 31 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 103 32 for for ADP bracis-33662 103 33 a a DET bracis-33662 103 34 1d 1d NUM bracis-33662 103 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 103 36 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 103 37 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 103 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 104 1 the the DET bracis-33662 104 2 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 104 3 encoded encode VERB bracis-33662 104 4 into into ADP bracis-33662 104 5 embedding embed VERB bracis-33662 104 6 space space NOUN bracis-33662 104 7 are be AUX bracis-33662 104 8 tensors tensor NOUN bracis-33662 104 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 104 10 size size NOUN bracis-33662 104 11 \(b \(b NOUN bracis-33662 104 12 \times \times ADP bracis-33662 104 13 1*\lceil 1*\lceil NUM bracis-33662 104 14 s s PART bracis-33662 104 15 \rceil \rceil NOUN bracis-33662 104 16 \times \time NOUN bracis-33662 104 17 l\ l\ NOUN bracis-33662 104 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 104 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 104 20 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 104 21 b b NOUN bracis-33662 104 22 is be AUX bracis-33662 104 23 the the DET bracis-33662 104 24 batch batch NOUN bracis-33662 104 25 size size NOUN bracis-33662 104 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 104 27 s s VERB bracis-33662 104 28 the the DET bracis-33662 104 29 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 104 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 104 31 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 104 32 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 104 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 104 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 104 35 l l NOUN bracis-33662 104 36 is be AUX bracis-33662 104 37 the the DET bracis-33662 104 38 time time NOUN bracis-33662 104 39 series series PROPN bracis-33662 104 40 original original ADJ bracis-33662 104 41 length length NOUN bracis-33662 104 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 105 1 the the DET bracis-33662 105 2 sub sub ADJ bracis-33662 105 3 - - ADJ bracis-33662 105 4 pixel pixel ADJ bracis-33662 105 5 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 105 6 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 105 7 is be AUX bracis-33662 105 8 also also ADV bracis-33662 105 9 the the DET bracis-33662 105 10 same same ADJ bracis-33662 105 11 as as ADP bracis-33662 105 12 the the DET bracis-33662 105 13 original original ADJ bracis-33662 105 14 one one NOUN bracis-33662 105 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 105 16 a a DET bracis-33662 105 17 periodic periodic ADJ bracis-33662 105 18 shuffling shuffling NOUN bracis-33662 105 19 operator operator NOUN bracis-33662 105 20 that that PRON bracis-33662 105 21 rearranges rearrange VERB bracis-33662 105 22 the the DET bracis-33662 105 23 elements element NOUN bracis-33662 105 24 of of ADP bracis-33662 105 25 a a DET bracis-33662 105 26 \(b \(b NOUN bracis-33662 105 27 \times \times ADP bracis-33662 105 28 1*\lceil 1*\lceil NUM bracis-33662 105 29 s s PART bracis-33662 105 30 \rceil \rceil NOUN bracis-33662 105 31 \times \times ADP bracis-33662 105 32 l\ l\ NOUN bracis-33662 105 33 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 105 34 tensor tensor NOUN bracis-33662 105 35 to to ADP bracis-33662 105 36 a a DET bracis-33662 105 37 tensor tensor NOUN bracis-33662 105 38 of of ADP bracis-33662 105 39 shape shape NOUN bracis-33662 105 40 \(b \(b NOUN bracis-33662 105 41 \times \times ADP bracis-33662 105 42 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 105 43 \times \time NOUN bracis-33662 105 44 l*\lceil l*\lceil NOUN bracis-33662 105 45 s s PART bracis-33662 105 46 \rceil \rceil NOUN bracis-33662 105 47 \ \ PROPN bracis-33662 105 48 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 105 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 106 1 after after ADP bracis-33662 106 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 106 3 the the DET bracis-33662 106 4 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 106 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 106 6 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 106 7 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 106 8 property property NOUN bracis-33662 106 9 is be AUX bracis-33662 106 10 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 106 11 by by ADP bracis-33662 106 12 the the DET bracis-33662 106 13 addition addition NOUN bracis-33662 106 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 106 15 a a DET bracis-33662 106 16 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 106 17 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 106 18 that that PRON bracis-33662 106 19 reduces reduce VERB bracis-33662 106 20 this this DET bracis-33662 106 21 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 106 22 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 106 23 into into ADP bracis-33662 106 24 the the DET bracis-33662 106 25 resampled resample VERB bracis-33662 106 26 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 106 27 time time NOUN bracis-33662 106 28 series series NOUN bracis-33662 106 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 106 30 \(b \(b ADP bracis-33662 106 31 \times \times ADP bracis-33662 106 32 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 106 33 \times \time NOUN bracis-33662 106 34 l*s\ l*s\ NUM bracis-33662 106 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 106 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 107 1 to to PART bracis-33662 107 2 validate validate VERB bracis-33662 107 3 these these DET bracis-33662 107 4 modifications modification NOUN bracis-33662 107 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 107 6 we we PRON bracis-33662 107 7 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 107 8 the the DET bracis-33662 107 9 quality quality NOUN bracis-33662 107 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 107 11 the the DET bracis-33662 107 12 reconstructed reconstructed ADJ bracis-33662 107 13 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 107 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 108 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 108 2     SPACE bracis-33662 108 3 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 108 4 presents present NOUN bracis-33662 108 5 a a DET bracis-33662 108 6 time time NOUN bracis-33662 108 7 series series NOUN bracis-33662 108 8 upsampled upsample VERB bracis-33662 108 9 with with ADP bracis-33662 108 10 the the DET bracis-33662 108 11 original original ADJ bracis-33662 108 12 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 108 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 108 14 our our PRON bracis-33662 108 15 adapted adapted ADJ bracis-33662 108 16 version version NOUN bracis-33662 108 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 108 18 called call VERB bracis-33662 108 19 arbitrary arbitrary PROPN bracis-33662 108 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 108 21 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 108 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 109 1 both both DET bracis-33662 109 2 models model NOUN bracis-33662 109 3 were be AUX bracis-33662 109 4 trained train VERB bracis-33662 109 5 using use VERB bracis-33662 109 6 the the DET bracis-33662 109 7 same same ADJ bracis-33662 109 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 109 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 109 10 the the DET bracis-33662 109 11 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 109 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 109 13 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 109 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 109 15 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 109 16 . . PROPN bracis-33662 109 17 sect sect NOUN bracis-33662 109 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 110 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-33662 110 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 110 3 downsampled downsample VERB bracis-33662 110 4 to to ADP bracis-33662 110 5 250 250 NUM bracis-33662 110 6     SPACE bracis-33662 110 7 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 110 8 with with ADP bracis-33662 110 9 its its PRON bracis-33662 110 10 original original NOUN bracis-33662 110 11 in in ADP bracis-33662 110 12 500 500 NUM bracis-33662 110 13     SPACE bracis-33662 110 14 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 110 15 version version NOUN bracis-33662 110 16 being be AUX bracis-33662 110 17 the the DET bracis-33662 110 18 labels label NOUN bracis-33662 110 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 110 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 110 21 a a DET bracis-33662 110 22 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 110 23 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 110 24 of of ADP bracis-33662 110 25 \(1e-4\ \(1e-4\ NOUN bracis-33662 110 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 110 27 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 110 28 batch batch NOUN bracis-33662 110 29 size size NOUN bracis-33662 110 30 of of ADP bracis-33662 110 31 64 64 NUM bracis-33662 110 32 samples sample NOUN bracis-33662 110 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 111 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 111 2     SPACE bracis-33662 111 3 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 111 4 shows show VERB bracis-33662 111 5 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 111 6 the the DET bracis-33662 111 7 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 111 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 111 9 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 111 10 can can AUX bracis-33662 111 11 correctly correctly ADV bracis-33662 111 12 upsample upsample VERB bracis-33662 111 13 a a DET bracis-33662 111 14 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 111 15 like like ADP bracis-33662 111 16 the the DET bracis-33662 111 17 original original ADJ bracis-33662 111 18 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 111 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 111 20 so so ADV bracis-33662 111 21 visually visually ADV bracis-33662 111 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 111 23 both both DET bracis-33662 111 24 signals signal NOUN bracis-33662 111 25 are be AUX bracis-33662 111 26 almost almost ADV bracis-33662 111 27 identical identical ADJ bracis-33662 111 28 with with ADP bracis-33662 111 29 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 111 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 111 31 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 111 32 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 111 33 original original ADJ bracis-33662 111 34 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 111 35 achieving achieve VERB bracis-33662 111 36 an an DET bracis-33662 111 37 mse mse NOUN bracis-33662 111 38 of of ADP bracis-33662 111 39 0.0038 0.0038 PROPN bracis-33662 111 40 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 111 41 0.0006 0.0006 NUM bracis-33662 111 42 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 111 43 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33662 111 44 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 111 45 aiming aim VERB bracis-33662 111 46 to to PART bracis-33662 111 47 verify verify VERB bracis-33662 111 48 the the DET bracis-33662 111 49 generalization generalization NOUN bracis-33662 111 50 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 111 51 of of ADP bracis-33662 111 52 both both DET bracis-33662 111 53 models model NOUN bracis-33662 111 54 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 111 55 we we PRON bracis-33662 111 56 upsampled upsample VERB bracis-33662 111 57 an an DET bracis-33662 111 58 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 111 59 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 111 60 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 111 61 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 111 62 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 111 63 . . PROPN bracis-33662 111 64 sect sect NOUN bracis-33662 111 65 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 112 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-33662 112 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 112 3 sample sample NOUN bracis-33662 112 4 without without ADP bracis-33662 112 5 the the DET bracis-33662 112 6 previous previous ADJ bracis-33662 112 7 calibration calibration NOUN bracis-33662 112 8 step step NOUN bracis-33662 112 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 113 1 to to PART bracis-33662 113 2 make make VERB bracis-33662 113 3 the the DET bracis-33662 113 4 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 113 5 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 113 6 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 113 7 sample sample NOUN bracis-33662 113 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 113 9 that that PRON bracis-33662 113 10 has have VERB bracis-33662 113 11 a a DET bracis-33662 113 12 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 113 13 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 113 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 113 15 360 360 NUM bracis-33662 113 16     SPACE bracis-33662 113 17 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 113 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 113 19 compatible compatible ADJ bracis-33662 113 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 113 21 the the DET bracis-33662 113 22 already already ADV bracis-33662 113 23 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 113 24 - - ADJ bracis-33662 113 25 trained train VERB bracis-33662 113 26 models model NOUN bracis-33662 113 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 113 28 we we PRON bracis-33662 113 29 resampled resample VERB bracis-33662 113 30 it it PRON bracis-33662 113 31 by by ADP bracis-33662 113 32 setting set VERB bracis-33662 113 33 the the DET bracis-33662 113 34 input input NOUN bracis-33662 113 35 to to ADP bracis-33662 113 36 250 250 NUM bracis-33662 113 37     SPACE bracis-33662 113 38 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 113 39 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 113 40 its its PRON bracis-33662 113 41 respective respective ADJ bracis-33662 113 42 label label NOUN bracis-33662 113 43 to to ADP bracis-33662 113 44 500 500 NUM bracis-33662 113 45     SPACE bracis-33662 113 46 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 113 47 through through ADP bracis-33662 113 48 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 113 49 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 113 50 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 114 1 both both DET bracis-33662 114 2 models model NOUN bracis-33662 114 3 correctly correctly ADV bracis-33662 114 4 reconstructed reconstruct VERB bracis-33662 114 5 the the DET bracis-33662 114 6 time time NOUN bracis-33662 114 7 series series NOUN bracis-33662 114 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 114 9 with with ADP bracis-33662 114 10 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 114 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 114 12 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 114 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 114 14 original original ADJ bracis-33662 114 15 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 114 16 obtaining obtain VERB bracis-33662 114 17 an an DET bracis-33662 114 18 mse mse NOUN bracis-33662 114 19 of of ADP bracis-33662 114 20 0.0008 0.0008 NUM bracis-33662 114 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 114 22 0.0001 0.0001 NUM bracis-33662 114 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 114 24 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33662 114 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 114 26 certifying certify VERB bracis-33662 114 27 the the DET bracis-33662 114 28 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33662 114 29 of of ADP bracis-33662 114 30 the the DET bracis-33662 114 31 selected select VERB bracis-33662 114 32 upsampler upsampler NOUN bracis-33662 114 33 model model NOUN bracis-33662 114 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 114 35 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 114 36 our our PRON bracis-33662 114 37 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33662 114 38 does do AUX bracis-33662 114 39 n’t not PART bracis-33662 114 40 have have AUX bracis-33662 114 41 caused cause VERB bracis-33662 114 42 a a DET bracis-33662 114 43 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 114 44 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 114 45 reduction reduction NOUN bracis-33662 114 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 115 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 115 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 116 1 4 4 X bracis-33662 116 2 . . X bracis-33662 116 3 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33662 116 4 between between ADP bracis-33662 116 5 the the DET bracis-33662 116 6 original original ADJ bracis-33662 116 7 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 116 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 116 9 left leave VERB bracis-33662 116 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 116 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 116 12 the the DET bracis-33662 116 13 arbitrary arbitrary PROPN bracis-33662 116 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 116 15 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 116 16 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 116 17 right right NOUN bracis-33662 116 18 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 116 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 117 1 the the DET bracis-33662 117 2 presented present VERB bracis-33662 117 3 time time NOUN bracis-33662 117 4 series series PROPN bracis-33662 117 5 was be AUX bracis-33662 117 6 selected select VERB bracis-33662 117 7 from from ADP bracis-33662 117 8 the the DET bracis-33662 117 9 test test NOUN bracis-33662 117 10 part part NOUN bracis-33662 117 11 of of ADP bracis-33662 117 12 the the DET bracis-33662 117 13 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 117 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 117 15 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 117 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 118 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 118 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 118 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 118 4 3.2 3.2 NUM bracis-33662 118 5 ts2vec ts2vec NOUN bracis-33662 118 6 towards towards ADP bracis-33662 118 7 universal universal ADJ bracis-33662 118 8 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 118 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 118 10     SPACE bracis-33662 118 11 time time NOUN bracis-33662 118 12 series series NOUN bracis-33662 118 13 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 118 14 [ [ X bracis-33662 118 15 18 18 NUM bracis-33662 118 16 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 118 17 is be AUX bracis-33662 118 18 a a DET bracis-33662 118 19 well well ADV bracis-33662 118 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 118 21 established establish VERB bracis-33662 118 22 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 118 23 method method NOUN bracis-33662 118 24 for for ADP bracis-33662 118 25 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 118 26 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 118 27 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 118 28 of of ADP bracis-33662 118 29 time time NOUN bracis-33662 118 30 series series NOUN bracis-33662 118 31 at at ADP bracis-33662 118 32 various various ADJ bracis-33662 118 33 semantic semantic ADJ bracis-33662 118 34 levels level NOUN bracis-33662 118 35 through through ADP bracis-33662 118 36 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-33662 118 37 contrasting contrasting ADJ bracis-33662 118 38 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 118 39 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 118 40 consistency consistency NOUN bracis-33662 118 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 119 1 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 119 2 consistency consistency NOUN bracis-33662 119 3 is be AUX bracis-33662 119 4 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 119 5 by by ADP bracis-33662 119 6 applying apply VERB bracis-33662 119 7 timestamp timestamp NOUN bracis-33662 119 8 masking masking NOUN bracis-33662 119 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 119 10 randomly randomly ADV bracis-33662 119 11 cropping crop VERB bracis-33662 119 12 two two NUM bracis-33662 119 13 context context NOUN bracis-33662 119 14 views view NOUN bracis-33662 119 15 from from ADP bracis-33662 119 16 the the DET bracis-33662 119 17 input input NOUN bracis-33662 119 18 time time NOUN bracis-33662 119 19 series series PROPN bracis-33662 119 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 120 1 the the DET bracis-33662 120 2 masking masking NOUN bracis-33662 120 3 increases increase VERB bracis-33662 120 4 the the DET bracis-33662 120 5 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33662 120 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 120 7 the the DET bracis-33662 120 8 learned learn VERB bracis-33662 120 9 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 120 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 120 11 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 120 12 random random ADJ bracis-33662 120 13 cropping cropping NOUN bracis-33662 120 14 generates generate VERB bracis-33662 120 15 new new ADJ bracis-33662 120 16 contexts context NOUN bracis-33662 120 17 without without ADP bracis-33662 120 18 collapsing collapse VERB bracis-33662 120 19 the the DET bracis-33662 120 20 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 120 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 121 1 a a DET bracis-33662 121 2 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ bracis-33662 121 3 contrastive contrastive ADJ bracis-33662 121 4 loss loss NOUN bracis-33662 121 5 extracts extract NOUN bracis-33662 121 6 the the DET bracis-33662 121 7 multi multi ADJ bracis-33662 121 8 - - ADJ bracis-33662 121 9 scale scale ADJ bracis-33662 121 10 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 121 11 information information NOUN bracis-33662 121 12 by by ADP bracis-33662 121 13 computing compute VERB bracis-33662 121 14 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 121 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 121 16 instance instance NOUN bracis-33662 121 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 121 18 wise wise ADJ bracis-33662 121 19 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33662 121 20 for for ADP bracis-33662 121 21 all all DET bracis-33662 121 22 granularity granularity NOUN bracis-33662 121 23 levels level NOUN bracis-33662 121 24 using use VERB bracis-33662 121 25 a a DET bracis-33662 121 26 recursive recursive ADJ bracis-33662 121 27 max max NOUN bracis-33662 121 28 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 121 29 pooling pool VERB bracis-33662 121 30 operation operation NOUN bracis-33662 121 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 122 1 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 122 2 the the DET bracis-33662 122 3 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 122 4 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 122 5 uses use VERB bracis-33662 122 6 a a DET bracis-33662 122 7 dilated dilate VERB bracis-33662 122 8 cnn cnn NOUN bracis-33662 122 9 module module NOUN bracis-33662 122 10 with with ADP bracis-33662 122 11 ten ten NUM bracis-33662 122 12 residual residual ADJ bracis-33662 122 13 blocks block NOUN bracis-33662 122 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 122 15 enabling enable VERB bracis-33662 122 16 a a DET bracis-33662 122 17 large large ADJ bracis-33662 122 18 receptive receptive ADJ bracis-33662 122 19 field field NOUN bracis-33662 122 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 123 1 3.3 3.3 NUM bracis-33662 123 2 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 123 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 123 4 tcc tcc NOUN bracis-33662 123 5 time time NOUN bracis-33662 123 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 123 7 series series NOUN bracis-33662 123 8 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 123 9 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 123 10 via via ADP bracis-33662 123 11     SPACE bracis-33662 123 12 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 123 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 123 14     SPACE bracis-33662 123 15 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 123 16 contrasting contrast VERB bracis-33662 123 17 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 123 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 123 19 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 124 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 124 2 5 5 NUM bracis-33662 124 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 124 4 uses use VERB bracis-33662 124 5 two two NUM bracis-33662 124 6 augmented augment VERB bracis-33662 124 7 versions version NOUN bracis-33662 124 8 of of ADP bracis-33662 124 9 the the DET bracis-33662 124 10 input input NOUN bracis-33662 124 11 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 124 12 – – PUNCT bracis-33662 124 13 one one NUM bracis-33662 124 14 strongly strongly ADV bracis-33662 124 15 augmented augment VERB bracis-33662 124 16 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 124 17 the the DET bracis-33662 124 18 other other ADJ bracis-33662 124 19 weakly weakly ADJ bracis-33662 124 20 augmented augment VERB bracis-33662 124 21 – – PUNCT bracis-33662 124 22 to to PART bracis-33662 124 23 learn learn VERB bracis-33662 124 24 robust robust ADJ bracis-33662 124 25 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 124 26 using use VERB bracis-33662 124 27 a a DET bracis-33662 124 28 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 124 29 - - ADJ bracis-33662 124 30 view view ADJ bracis-33662 124 31 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33662 124 32 task task NOUN bracis-33662 124 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 125 1 a a DET bracis-33662 125 2 permutation permutation NOUN bracis-33662 125 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 125 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 125 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 125 6 jitter jitter NOUN bracis-33662 125 7 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 125 8 is be AUX bracis-33662 125 9 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 125 10 for for ADP bracis-33662 125 11 strong strong ADJ bracis-33662 125 12 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 125 13 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-33662 125 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 125 15 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 125 16 weak weak ADJ bracis-33662 125 17 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-33662 125 18 uses use VERB bracis-33662 125 19 a a DET bracis-33662 125 20 jitter jitter NOUN bracis-33662 125 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 125 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 125 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 125 24 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 125 25 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 125 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 126 1 the the DET bracis-33662 126 2 augmented augment VERB bracis-33662 126 3 versions version NOUN bracis-33662 126 4 are be AUX bracis-33662 126 5 passed pass VERB bracis-33662 126 6 to to ADP bracis-33662 126 7 an an DET bracis-33662 126 8 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 126 9 with with ADP bracis-33662 126 10 a a DET bracis-33662 126 11 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 126 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 126 13 block block NOUN bracis-33662 126 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 126 15 convolutions convolution NOUN bracis-33662 126 16 to to PART bracis-33662 126 17 extract extract VERB bracis-33662 126 18 high high ADJ bracis-33662 126 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 126 20 dimensional dimensional ADJ bracis-33662 126 21 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 126 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 127 1 the the DET bracis-33662 127 2 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 127 3 contrasting contrast VERB bracis-33662 127 4 module module NOUN bracis-33662 127 5 uses use VERB bracis-33662 127 6 a a DET bracis-33662 127 7 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33662 127 8 as as ADP bracis-33662 127 9 the the DET bracis-33662 127 10 autoregressive autoregressive ADJ bracis-33662 127 11 model model NOUN bracis-33662 127 12 to to PART bracis-33662 127 13 summarize summarize VERB bracis-33662 127 14 the the DET bracis-33662 127 15 latent latent NOUN bracis-33662 127 16 representations representation NOUN bracis-33662 127 17 into into ADP bracis-33662 127 18 a a DET bracis-33662 127 19 context context NOUN bracis-33662 127 20 vector vector NOUN bracis-33662 127 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 128 1 the the DET bracis-33662 128 2 context context NOUN bracis-33662 128 3 vector vector NOUN bracis-33662 128 4 is be AUX bracis-33662 128 5 used use VERB bracis-33662 128 6 in in ADP bracis-33662 128 7 a a DET bracis-33662 128 8 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 128 9 - - ADJ bracis-33662 128 10 view view ADJ bracis-33662 128 11 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33662 128 12 task task NOUN bracis-33662 128 13 using use VERB bracis-33662 128 14 the the DET bracis-33662 128 15 strong strong ADJ bracis-33662 128 16 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-33662 128 17 context context NOUN bracis-33662 128 18 to to PART bracis-33662 128 19 predict predict VERB bracis-33662 128 20 the the DET bracis-33662 128 21 weak weak ADJ bracis-33662 128 22 augmentation augmentation NOUN bracis-33662 128 23 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 128 24 future future ADJ bracis-33662 128 25 timestep timestep NOUN bracis-33662 128 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 128 27 vice vice NOUN bracis-33662 128 28 versa versa ADV bracis-33662 128 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 129 1 a a DET bracis-33662 129 2 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 129 3 contrastive contrastive ADJ bracis-33662 129 4 module module NOUN bracis-33662 129 5 learns learn VERB bracis-33662 129 6 to to PART bracis-33662 129 7 discriminate discriminate VERB bracis-33662 129 8 the the DET bracis-33662 129 9 contexts context NOUN bracis-33662 129 10 using use VERB bracis-33662 129 11 a a DET bracis-33662 129 12 non non ADJ bracis-33662 129 13 - - ADJ bracis-33662 129 14 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 129 15 projection projection NOUN bracis-33662 129 16 head head NOUN bracis-33662 129 17 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 129 18 this this DET bracis-33662 129 19 module module NOUN bracis-33662 129 20 aims aim VERB bracis-33662 129 21 to to PART bracis-33662 129 22 learn learn VERB bracis-33662 129 23 more more ADJ bracis-33662 129 24 discriminative discriminative NOUN bracis-33662 129 25 representations representation NOUN bracis-33662 129 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 130 1 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 130 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 130 3 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 130 4 to to PART bracis-33662 130 5 answer answer VERB bracis-33662 130 6 our our PRON bracis-33662 130 7 research research NOUN bracis-33662 130 8 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 130 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 130 10 we we PRON bracis-33662 130 11 conducted conduct VERB bracis-33662 130 12 a a DET bracis-33662 130 13 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ bracis-33662 130 14 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 130 15 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 130 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 131 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 131 2 is be AUX bracis-33662 131 3 important important ADJ bracis-33662 131 4 to to PART bracis-33662 131 5 note note VERB bracis-33662 131 6 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 131 7 we we PRON bracis-33662 131 8 evaluated evaluate VERB bracis-33662 131 9 various various ADJ bracis-33662 131 10 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 131 11 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 131 12 [ [ X bracis-33662 131 13 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 131 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 131 15 21 21 NUM bracis-33662 131 16 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 131 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 131 18 chose choose VERB bracis-33662 131 19 to to PART bracis-33662 131 20 follow follow VERB bracis-33662 131 21 with with ADP bracis-33662 131 22 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 131 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 131 24 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 131 25 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 131 26 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 131 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 132 1 this this DET bracis-33662 132 2 selection selection NOUN bracis-33662 132 3 was be AUX bracis-33662 132 4 made make VERB bracis-33662 132 5 for for ADP bracis-33662 132 6 two two NUM bracis-33662 132 7 main main ADJ bracis-33662 132 8 reasons reason NOUN bracis-33662 132 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 132 10 these these PRON bracis-33662 132 11 are be AUX bracis-33662 132 12 described describe VERB bracis-33662 132 13 in in ADP bracis-33662 132 14 the the DET bracis-33662 132 15 literature literature NOUN bracis-33662 132 16 as as ADP bracis-33662 132 17 the the DET bracis-33662 132 18 state state NOUN bracis-33662 132 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 132 20 of of ADP bracis-33662 132 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 132 22 the the DET bracis-33662 132 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 132 24 art art NOUN bracis-33662 132 25 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 132 26 for for ADP bracis-33662 132 27 time time NOUN bracis-33662 132 28 series series NOUN bracis-33662 132 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 132 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 132 31 the the DET bracis-33662 132 32 other other ADJ bracis-33662 132 33 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 132 34 led lead VERB bracis-33662 132 35 to to ADP bracis-33662 132 36 a a DET bracis-33662 132 37 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 132 38 overfitting overfitting NOUN bracis-33662 132 39 in in ADP bracis-33662 132 40 their their PRON bracis-33662 132 41 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 132 42 task task NOUN bracis-33662 132 43 for for ADP bracis-33662 132 44 the the DET bracis-33662 132 45 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 132 46 used use VERB bracis-33662 132 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 133 1 this this DET bracis-33662 133 2 section section NOUN bracis-33662 133 3 describes describe VERB bracis-33662 133 4 the the DET bracis-33662 133 5 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 133 6 setup setup NOUN bracis-33662 133 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 133 8 the the DET bracis-33662 133 9 results result NOUN bracis-33662 133 10 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 133 11 in in ADP bracis-33662 133 12 our our PRON bracis-33662 133 13 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 133 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 134 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 134 2 initially initially ADV bracis-33662 134 3 present present VERB bracis-33662 134 4 the the DET bracis-33662 134 5 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 134 6 used use VERB bracis-33662 134 7 in in ADP bracis-33662 134 8 our our PRON bracis-33662 134 9 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 134 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 135 1 4.1 4.1 NUM bracis-33662 135 2 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 135 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 135 4 used use VERB bracis-33662 135 5 two two NUM bracis-33662 135 6 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 135 7 to to PART bracis-33662 135 8 explore explore VERB bracis-33662 135 9 our our PRON bracis-33662 135 10 research research NOUN bracis-33662 135 11 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 135 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 135 13 one one NUM bracis-33662 135 14 with with ADP bracis-33662 135 15 a a DET bracis-33662 135 16 higher high ADJ bracis-33662 135 17 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 135 18 of of ADP bracis-33662 135 19 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 135 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 135 21 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 135 22 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 135 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 136 1 this this DET bracis-33662 136 2 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 136 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 136 4 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 136 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 136 6 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 136 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 136 8 is be AUX bracis-33662 136 9 used use VERB bracis-33662 136 10 to to PART bracis-33662 136 11 pre pre VERB bracis-33662 136 12 - - VERB bracis-33662 136 13 train train VERB bracis-33662 136 14 the the DET bracis-33662 136 15 model model NOUN bracis-33662 136 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 136 17 which which PRON bracis-33662 136 18 we we PRON bracis-33662 136 19 refer refer VERB bracis-33662 136 20 to to ADP bracis-33662 136 21 as as ADP bracis-33662 136 22 source source NOUN bracis-33662 136 23 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 136 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 137 1 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 137 2 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 137 3 contains contain VERB bracis-33662 137 4 fewer few ADJ bracis-33662 137 5 examples example NOUN bracis-33662 137 6 sampled sample VERB bracis-33662 137 7 at at ADP bracis-33662 137 8 a a DET bracis-33662 137 9 lower low ADJ bracis-33662 137 10 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 137 11 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 137 12 than than ADP bracis-33662 137 13 the the DET bracis-33662 137 14 source source NOUN bracis-33662 137 15 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 137 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 138 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-33662 138 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 138 3 it it PRON bracis-33662 138 4 is be AUX bracis-33662 138 5 used use VERB bracis-33662 138 6 as as ADP bracis-33662 138 7 the the DET bracis-33662 138 8 target target NOUN bracis-33662 138 9 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 138 10 to to PART bracis-33662 138 11 configure configure VERB bracis-33662 138 12 the the DET bracis-33662 138 13 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 138 14 task task NOUN bracis-33662 138 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 139 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 139 2 previously previously ADV bracis-33662 139 3 split split VERB bracis-33662 139 4 both both DET bracis-33662 139 5 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 139 6 into into ADP bracis-33662 139 7 train train NOUN bracis-33662 139 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 139 9 validation validation NOUN bracis-33662 139 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 139 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 139 12 test test NOUN bracis-33662 139 13 sets set NOUN bracis-33662 139 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 139 15 normalized normalize VERB bracis-33662 139 16 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 139 17 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33662 139 18 instances instance NOUN bracis-33662 139 19 using use VERB bracis-33662 139 20 z z NOUN bracis-33662 139 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 139 22 score score NOUN bracis-33662 139 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 139 24 transforming transform VERB bracis-33662 139 25 the the DET bracis-33662 139 26 observations observation NOUN bracis-33662 139 27 to to PART bracis-33662 139 28 have have VERB bracis-33662 139 29 zero zero NUM bracis-33662 139 30 mean mean NOUN bracis-33662 139 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 139 32 unit unit NOUN bracis-33662 139 33 variance variance NOUN bracis-33662 139 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 140 1 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 140 2 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 140 3 is be AUX bracis-33662 140 4 a a DET bracis-33662 140 5 low low ADJ bracis-33662 140 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 140 7 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 140 8 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 140 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 140 10 that that PRON bracis-33662 140 11 contains contain VERB bracis-33662 140 12 1016 1016 NUM bracis-33662 140 13 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 140 14 records record NOUN bracis-33662 140 15 of of ADP bracis-33662 140 16 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 140 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 140 18 second second NOUN bracis-33662 140 19 fragments fragment NOUN bracis-33662 140 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 140 21 a a DET bracis-33662 140 22 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 140 23 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 140 24 of of ADP bracis-33662 140 25 360 360 NUM bracis-33662 140 26     SPACE bracis-33662 140 27 hz hz NOUN bracis-33662 140 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 141 1 each each DET bracis-33662 141 2 record record NOUN bracis-33662 141 3 presents present VERB bracis-33662 141 4 one one NUM bracis-33662 141 5 type type NOUN bracis-33662 141 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 141 7 rhythm rhythm NOUN bracis-33662 141 8 disturbance disturbance NOUN bracis-33662 141 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 141 10 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 141 11 into into ADP bracis-33662 141 12 six six NUM bracis-33662 141 13 classes class NOUN bracis-33662 141 14 according accord VERB bracis-33662 141 15 to to ADP bracis-33662 141 16 the the DET bracis-33662 141 17 potential potential ADJ bracis-33662 141 18 risk risk NOUN bracis-33662 141 19 to to ADP bracis-33662 141 20 the the DET bracis-33662 141 21 patient patient NOUN bracis-33662 141 22 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 141 23 life life NOUN bracis-33662 141 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 141 25 with with ADP bracis-33662 141 26 some some DET bracis-33662 141 27 classes class NOUN bracis-33662 141 28 composed compose VERB bracis-33662 141 29 of of ADP bracis-33662 141 30 multiple multiple ADJ bracis-33662 141 31 disorders disorder NOUN bracis-33662 141 32 [ [ X bracis-33662 141 33 11 11 NUM bracis-33662 141 34 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 141 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 142 1 one one NUM bracis-33662 142 2 of of ADP bracis-33662 142 3 the the DET bracis-33662 142 4 most most ADV bracis-33662 142 5 challenging challenging ADJ bracis-33662 142 6 characteristics characteristic NOUN bracis-33662 142 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 142 8 this this DET bracis-33662 142 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 142 10 is be AUX bracis-33662 142 11 the the DET bracis-33662 142 12 high high ADJ bracis-33662 142 13 within within ADP bracis-33662 142 14 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 142 15 class class NOUN bracis-33662 142 16 variation variation NOUN bracis-33662 142 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 142 18 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 142 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 142 20     SPACE bracis-33662 142 21 1 1 X bracis-33662 142 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 142 23 at at ADP bracis-33662 142 24 the the DET bracis-33662 142 25 same same ADJ bracis-33662 142 26 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 142 27 some some DET bracis-33662 142 28 classes class NOUN bracis-33662 142 29 share share VERB bracis-33662 142 30 similarities similarity NOUN bracis-33662 142 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 142 32 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 142 33 shown show VERB bracis-33662 142 34 in in ADP bracis-33662 142 35 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 142 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 142 37     SPACE bracis-33662 143 1 5 5 NUM bracis-33662 143 2 . . X bracis-33662 143 3 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 143 4     SPACE bracis-33662 143 5 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 143 6 shows show VERB bracis-33662 143 7 the the DET bracis-33662 143 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 143 9 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 143 10 class class NOUN bracis-33662 143 11 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-33662 143 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 144 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 144 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 145 1 5 5 X bracis-33662 145 2 . . X bracis-33662 145 3 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 145 4 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 145 5 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 145 6 examples example NOUN bracis-33662 145 7 from from ADP bracis-33662 145 8 each each DET bracis-33662 145 9 class class NOUN bracis-33662 145 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 146 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 146 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 146 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 146 4 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 146 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 147 1 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 147 2 . . X bracis-33662 147 3 class class NOUN bracis-33662 147 4 distribution distribution NOUN bracis-33662 147 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 147 6 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 147 7 fragment fragment PROPN bracis-33662 147 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 147 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 148 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 148 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 148 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 148 4 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 148 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 148 6 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 148 7 is be AUX bracis-33662 148 8 a a DET bracis-33662 148 9 high high ADJ bracis-33662 148 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 148 11 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 148 12 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 148 13 constructed construct VERB bracis-33662 148 14 by by ADP bracis-33662 148 15 randomly randomly ADV bracis-33662 148 16 selecting select VERB bracis-33662 148 17 700 700 NUM bracis-33662 148 18 records record NOUN bracis-33662 148 19 from from ADP bracis-33662 148 20 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 148 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 148 22 xl xl PROPN bracis-33662 148 23 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 148 24 [ [ X bracis-33662 148 25 15 15 NUM bracis-33662 148 26 ] ] X bracis-33662 148 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 148 28 which which PRON bracis-33662 148 29 contains contain VERB bracis-33662 148 30 12 12 NUM bracis-33662 148 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 148 32 lead lead NOUN bracis-33662 148 33 long long ADJ bracis-33662 148 34 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 148 35 term term NOUN bracis-33662 148 36 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 148 37 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 148 38 at at ADP bracis-33662 148 39 a a DET bracis-33662 148 40 sampling sample VERB bracis-33662 148 41 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 148 42 of of ADP bracis-33662 148 43 500 500 NUM bracis-33662 148 44     SPACE bracis-33662 148 45 hz hz VERB bracis-33662 148 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 149 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 149 2 randomly randomly ADV bracis-33662 149 3 segmented segment VERB bracis-33662 149 4 each each DET bracis-33662 149 5 record record NOUN bracis-33662 149 6 into into ADP bracis-33662 149 7 five five NUM bracis-33662 149 8 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 149 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 149 10 second second ADJ bracis-33662 149 11 segments segment NOUN bracis-33662 149 12 to to PART bracis-33662 149 13 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 149 14 the the DET bracis-33662 149 15 number number NOUN bracis-33662 149 16 of of ADP bracis-33662 149 17 examples example NOUN bracis-33662 149 18 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 149 19 standardizing standardize VERB bracis-33662 149 20 the the DET bracis-33662 149 21 signal signal ADJ bracis-33662 149 22 duration duration NOUN bracis-33662 149 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 150 1 besides besides SCONJ bracis-33662 150 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 150 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 150 4 used use VERB bracis-33662 150 5 each each DET bracis-33662 150 6 lead lead NOUN bracis-33662 150 7 as as ADP bracis-33662 150 8 a a DET bracis-33662 150 9 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 150 10 time time NOUN bracis-33662 150 11 series series NOUN bracis-33662 150 12 to to PART bracis-33662 150 13 provide provide VERB bracis-33662 150 14 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 150 15 variability variability NOUN bracis-33662 150 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 151 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 151 2 apply apply VERB bracis-33662 151 3 the the DET bracis-33662 151 4 z z NOUN bracis-33662 151 5 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 151 6 normalization normalization NOUN bracis-33662 151 7 after after ADP bracis-33662 151 8 the the DET bracis-33662 151 9 segmentation segmentation NOUN bracis-33662 151 10 steps step NOUN bracis-33662 151 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 152 1 these these DET bracis-33662 152 2 operations operation NOUN bracis-33662 152 3 lead lead VERB bracis-33662 152 4 to to ADP bracis-33662 152 5 a a DET bracis-33662 152 6 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 152 7 containing contain VERB bracis-33662 152 8 42,000 42,000 NUM bracis-33662 152 9 samples sample NOUN bracis-33662 152 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 153 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 153 2     SPACE bracis-33662 153 3 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 153 4 illustrates illustrate VERB bracis-33662 153 5 four four NUM bracis-33662 153 6 out out ADP bracis-33662 153 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 153 8 twelve twelve NUM bracis-33662 153 9 leads lead NOUN bracis-33662 153 10 from from ADP bracis-33662 153 11 the the DET bracis-33662 153 12 same same ADJ bracis-33662 153 13 record record NOUN bracis-33662 153 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 154 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 154 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 155 1 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 155 2 . . SYM bracis-33662 155 3 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 155 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 155 5 second second ADJ bracis-33662 155 6 segment segment NOUN bracis-33662 155 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 155 8 four four NUM bracis-33662 155 9 out out ADV bracis-33662 155 10 twelve twelve NUM bracis-33662 155 11 leads lead NOUN bracis-33662 155 12 from from ADP bracis-33662 155 13 the the DET bracis-33662 155 14 same same ADJ bracis-33662 155 15 record record NOUN bracis-33662 155 16 in in ADP bracis-33662 155 17 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 155 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 155 19 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 155 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 156 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 156 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 156 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 156 4 4.2 4.2 NUM bracis-33662 156 5 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 156 6 settings setting NOUN bracis-33662 156 7 the the DET bracis-33662 156 8 hyperparameters hyperparameter NOUN bracis-33662 156 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 156 10 the the DET bracis-33662 156 11 investigated investigate VERB bracis-33662 156 12 models model NOUN bracis-33662 156 13 was be AUX bracis-33662 156 14 empirically empirically ADV bracis-33662 156 15 selected select VERB bracis-33662 156 16 withing withe VERB bracis-33662 156 17 the the DET bracis-33662 156 18 follow follow NOUN bracis-33662 156 19 ranges range NOUN bracis-33662 156 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 156 21 dimensions dimension NOUN bracis-33662 156 22 of of ADP bracis-33662 156 23 the the DET bracis-33662 156 24 feature feature NOUN bracis-33662 156 25 extractor extractor NOUN bracis-33662 156 26 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 156 27 = = SYM bracis-33662 156 28 \(\ \(\ PROPN bracis-33662 156 29 { { PUNCT bracis-33662 156 30 128 128 NUM bracis-33662 156 31 \}\ \}\ NUM bracis-33662 156 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 156 33 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 156 34 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 156 35 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 156 36 = = SYM bracis-33662 156 37 \([1e^{-3 \([1e^{-3 PROPN bracis-33662 156 38 } } PUNCT bracis-33662 156 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 156 40 1e^{-6}]\ 1e^{-6}]\ NUM bracis-33662 156 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 156 42 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 156 43 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-33662 156 44 = = PUNCT bracis-33662 156 45 \(\ \(\ PROPN bracis-33662 156 46 { { PUNCT bracis-33662 156 47 20 20 NUM bracis-33662 156 48 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 156 49 40 40 NUM bracis-33662 156 50 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 156 51 60 60 NUM bracis-33662 156 52 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 156 53 ... ... PUNCT bracis-33662 156 54 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 156 55 160 160 NUM bracis-33662 156 56 \}\ \}\ NOUN bracis-33662 156 57 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 156 58 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 157 1 for for ADP bracis-33662 157 2 the the DET bracis-33662 157 3 optimizer optimizer NOUN bracis-33662 157 4 algorithm algorithm NOUN bracis-33662 157 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 157 6 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 157 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 157 8 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 157 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 157 10 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 157 11 specific specific ADJ bracis-33662 157 12 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33662 157 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 157 14 we we PRON bracis-33662 157 15 followed follow VERB bracis-33662 157 16 their their PRON bracis-33662 157 17 original original ADJ bracis-33662 157 18 implementation implementation NOUN bracis-33662 157 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 158 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 158 2 all all DET bracis-33662 158 3 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 158 4 models model NOUN bracis-33662 158 5 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33662 158 6 configurations configuration NOUN bracis-33662 158 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 158 8 we we PRON bracis-33662 158 9 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 158 10 three three NUM bracis-33662 158 11 adjustment adjustment NOUN bracis-33662 158 12 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33662 158 13 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 158 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 158 15 i)random i)random PROPN bracis-33662 158 16 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 158 17 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 158 18 we we PRON bracis-33662 158 19 do do AUX bracis-33662 158 20 not not PART bracis-33662 158 21 pre pre VERB bracis-33662 158 22 - - VERB bracis-33662 158 23 train train VERB bracis-33662 158 24 the the DET bracis-33662 158 25 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 158 26 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 158 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 158 28 so so ADV bracis-33662 158 29 the the DET bracis-33662 158 30 target target NOUN bracis-33662 158 31 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 158 32 is be AUX bracis-33662 158 33 responsible responsible ADJ bracis-33662 158 34 for for ADP bracis-33662 158 35 training train VERB bracis-33662 158 36 the the DET bracis-33662 158 37 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 158 38 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 158 39 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 158 40 task task NOUN bracis-33662 158 41 models model NOUN bracis-33662 158 42 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 158 43 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 158 44 ii ii NOUN bracis-33662 158 45 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 158 46 fine fine ADV bracis-33662 158 47 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 158 48 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33662 158 49 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 158 50 we we PRON bracis-33662 158 51 allow allow VERB bracis-33662 158 52 the the DET bracis-33662 158 53 training training NOUN bracis-33662 158 54 with with ADP bracis-33662 158 55 the the DET bracis-33662 158 56 target target NOUN bracis-33662 158 57 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 158 58 to to PART bracis-33662 158 59 adjust adjust VERB bracis-33662 158 60 the the DET bracis-33662 158 61 task task NOUN bracis-33662 158 62 model model NOUN bracis-33662 158 63 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 158 64 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 158 65 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 158 66 - - ADJ bracis-33662 158 67 trained train VERB bracis-33662 158 68 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 158 69 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 158 70 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 158 71 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33662 158 72 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 158 73 as as ADV bracis-33662 158 74 well well ADV bracis-33662 158 75 as as ADP bracis-33662 158 76 the the DET bracis-33662 158 77 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 158 78 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 158 79 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 158 80 it it PRON bracis-33662 158 81 applies apply VERB bracis-33662 158 82 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 158 83 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 158 84 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 158 85 iii iii X bracis-33662 158 86 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 158 87 linear linear NOUN bracis-33662 158 88 probing probing NOUN bracis-33662 158 89 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 158 90 once once SCONJ bracis-33662 158 91 the the DET bracis-33662 158 92 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 158 93 is be AUX bracis-33662 158 94 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 158 95 - - VERB bracis-33662 158 96 trained trained ADJ bracis-33662 158 97 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 158 98 we we PRON bracis-33662 158 99 only only ADV bracis-33662 158 100 allow allow VERB bracis-33662 158 101 the the DET bracis-33662 158 102 adjustment adjustment NOUN bracis-33662 158 103 of of ADP bracis-33662 158 104 the the DET bracis-33662 158 105 task task NOUN bracis-33662 158 106 model model PROPN bracis-33662 158 107 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 158 108 parameter parameter NOUN bracis-33662 158 109 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 159 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 159 2 the the DET bracis-33662 159 3 pipeline pipeline NOUN bracis-33662 159 4 that that PRON bracis-33662 159 5 applies apply VERB bracis-33662 159 6 the the DET bracis-33662 159 7 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 159 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 159 9 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 159 10 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 159 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 159 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 159 13 we we PRON bracis-33662 159 14 pre pre VERB bracis-33662 159 15 - - VERB bracis-33662 159 16 train train VERB bracis-33662 159 17 the the DET bracis-33662 159 18 upsampler upsampler ADJ bracis-33662 159 19 model model NOUN bracis-33662 159 20 using use VERB bracis-33662 159 21 the the DET bracis-33662 159 22 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 159 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 159 24 xl-700 xl-700 PROPN bracis-33662 159 25 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 159 26 with with ADP bracis-33662 159 27 the the DET bracis-33662 159 28 following follow VERB bracis-33662 159 29 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33662 159 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 159 31 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 159 32 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 159 33 = = PUNCT bracis-33662 159 34 \(1e^{-4}\ \(1e^{-4}\ PROPN bracis-33662 159 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 159 36 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 159 37 epochs epoch NOUN bracis-33662 159 38 = = PUNCT bracis-33662 159 39 25 25 NUM bracis-33662 159 40 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 159 41 batch batch NOUN bracis-33662 159 42 size size NOUN bracis-33662 159 43 of of ADP bracis-33662 159 44 64 64 NUM bracis-33662 159 45 samples sample NOUN bracis-33662 159 46 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 160 1 finally finally ADV bracis-33662 160 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 160 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 160 4 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33662 160 5 our our PRON bracis-33662 160 6 results result NOUN bracis-33662 160 7 through through ADP bracis-33662 160 8 the the DET bracis-33662 160 9 macro macro ADJ bracis-33662 160 10 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33662 160 11 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 160 12 score score NOUN bracis-33662 160 13 due due ADP bracis-33662 160 14 to to ADP bracis-33662 160 15 the the DET bracis-33662 160 16 class class NOUN bracis-33662 160 17 imbalance imbalance NOUN bracis-33662 160 18 of of ADP bracis-33662 160 19 the the DET bracis-33662 160 20 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 160 21 task task NOUN bracis-33662 160 22 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 160 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 160 24 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 160 25 . . PROPN bracis-33662 160 26 fig fig PROPN bracis-33662 160 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 160 28     SPACE bracis-33662 160 29 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 160 30 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 160 31 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 161 1 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 161 2 previously previously ADV bracis-33662 161 3 stated state VERB bracis-33662 161 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 161 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 161 6 varied vary VERB bracis-33662 161 7 the the DET bracis-33662 161 8 task task NOUN bracis-33662 161 9 models model NOUN bracis-33662 161 10 to to PART bracis-33662 161 11 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33662 161 12 the the DET bracis-33662 161 13 effects effect NOUN bracis-33662 161 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 161 15 the the DET bracis-33662 161 16 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 161 17 - - ADJ bracis-33662 161 18 trained train VERB bracis-33662 161 19 model model NOUN bracis-33662 161 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 161 21 different different ADJ bracis-33662 161 22 decision decision NOUN bracis-33662 161 23 functions function NOUN bracis-33662 161 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 162 1 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33662 162 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 162 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 162 4 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 162 5 three three NUM bracis-33662 162 6 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33662 162 7 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 162 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 162 9 i i NOUN bracis-33662 162 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 162 11 linear linear PROPN bracis-33662 162 12 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 162 13 a a DET bracis-33662 162 14 single single ADJ bracis-33662 162 15 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 162 16 / / SYM bracis-33662 162 17 dense dense ADJ bracis-33662 162 18 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 162 19 with with ADP bracis-33662 162 20 softmax softmax NOUN bracis-33662 162 21 function function NOUN bracis-33662 162 22 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 162 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 162 24 ii ii NOUN bracis-33662 162 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 162 26 mlp mlp NOUN bracis-33662 162 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 162 28 a a DET bracis-33662 162 29 two two NUM bracis-33662 162 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 162 31 layer layer NOUN bracis-33662 162 32 densely densely ADV bracis-33662 162 33 connected connect VERB bracis-33662 162 34 with with ADP bracis-33662 162 35 relu relu NOUN bracis-33662 162 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 162 37 a a DET bracis-33662 162 38 softmax softmax NOUN bracis-33662 162 39 as as ADP bracis-33662 162 40 the the DET bracis-33662 162 41 activation activation NOUN bracis-33662 162 42 functions function NOUN bracis-33662 162 43 in in ADP bracis-33662 162 44 the the DET bracis-33662 162 45 penultimate penultimate NOUN bracis-33662 162 46 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 162 47 the the DET bracis-33662 162 48 output output NOUN bracis-33662 162 49 layers layer NOUN bracis-33662 162 50 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 162 51 respectively respectively ADV bracis-33662 162 52 ; ; PUNCT bracis-33662 162 53 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 162 54 iii iii X bracis-33662 162 55 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 162 56 oates oates PROPN bracis-33662 162 57 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33662 162 58 mlp mlp PROPN bracis-33662 162 59 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 162 60 a a DET bracis-33662 162 61 multi multi ADJ bracis-33662 162 62 - - ADJ bracis-33662 162 63 layer layer ADJ bracis-33662 162 64 perceptron perceptron PROPN bracis-33662 162 65 model model NOUN bracis-33662 162 66 proposed propose VERB bracis-33662 162 67 for for ADP bracis-33662 162 68 time time NOUN bracis-33662 162 69 series series PROPN bracis-33662 162 70 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 162 71 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 162 72 with with ADP bracis-33662 162 73 a a DET bracis-33662 162 74 larger large ADJ bracis-33662 162 75 number number NOUN bracis-33662 162 76 of of ADP bracis-33662 162 77 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33662 162 78 than than ADP bracis-33662 162 79 mlp mlp PROPN bracis-33662 163 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 163 2 16 16 NUM bracis-33662 163 3 ] ] PUNCT bracis-33662 163 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 164 1 4.3 4.3 NUM bracis-33662 164 2 experimental experimental ADJ bracis-33662 164 3 results result NOUN bracis-33662 164 4 in in ADP bracis-33662 164 5 this this DET bracis-33662 164 6 section section NOUN bracis-33662 164 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 164 8 we we PRON bracis-33662 164 9 comprehensively comprehensively ADV bracis-33662 164 10 assess assess VERB bracis-33662 164 11 the the DET bracis-33662 164 12 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 164 13 of of ADP bracis-33662 164 14 all all DET bracis-33662 164 15 the the DET bracis-33662 164 16 variations variation NOUN bracis-33662 164 17 of of ADP bracis-33662 164 18 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 164 19 described describe VERB bracis-33662 164 20 in in ADP bracis-33662 164 21 the the DET bracis-33662 164 22 previous previous ADJ bracis-33662 164 23 sections section NOUN bracis-33662 164 24 to to PART bracis-33662 164 25 handle handle VERB bracis-33662 164 26 the the DET bracis-33662 164 27 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 164 28 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 164 29 task task NOUN bracis-33662 164 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 165 1 the the DET bracis-33662 165 2 results result NOUN bracis-33662 165 3 are be AUX bracis-33662 165 4 systematically systematically ADV bracis-33662 165 5 summarized summarize VERB bracis-33662 165 6 in in ADP bracis-33662 165 7 table table NOUN bracis-33662 165 8     SPACE bracis-33662 165 9 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 165 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 166 1 our our PRON bracis-33662 166 2 first first ADJ bracis-33662 166 3 observation observation NOUN bracis-33662 166 4 is be AUX bracis-33662 166 5 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 166 6 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 166 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 166 8 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 166 9 outperformed outperform VERB bracis-33662 166 10 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 166 11 in in ADP bracis-33662 166 12 three three NUM bracis-33662 166 13 out out ADP bracis-33662 166 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 166 15 four four NUM bracis-33662 166 16 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 166 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 167 1 the the DET bracis-33662 167 2 only only ADJ bracis-33662 167 3 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 167 4 in in ADP bracis-33662 167 5 which which PRON bracis-33662 167 6 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 167 7 outperforms outperform VERB bracis-33662 167 8 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 167 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 167 10 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 167 11 is be AUX bracis-33662 167 12 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 167 13 we we PRON bracis-33662 167 14 apply apply VERB bracis-33662 167 15 espcn espcn ADV bracis-33662 167 16 as as ADP bracis-33662 167 17 the the DET bracis-33662 167 18 first first ADJ bracis-33662 167 19 step step NOUN bracis-33662 167 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 168 1 one one NUM bracis-33662 168 2 possible possible ADJ bracis-33662 168 3 reason reason NOUN bracis-33662 168 4 for for ADP bracis-33662 168 5 that that PRON bracis-33662 168 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 168 7 the the DET bracis-33662 168 8 model model NOUN bracis-33662 168 9 complexity complexity NOUN bracis-33662 168 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 169 1 once once SCONJ bracis-33662 169 2 the the DET bracis-33662 169 3 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 169 4 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 169 5 comprehends comprehend VERB bracis-33662 169 6 ten ten NUM bracis-33662 169 7 blocks block NOUN bracis-33662 169 8 of of ADP bracis-33662 169 9 dilated dilated ADJ bracis-33662 169 10 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 169 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 169 12 more more ADJ bracis-33662 169 13 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 169 14 may may AUX bracis-33662 169 15 be be AUX bracis-33662 169 16 necessary necessary ADJ bracis-33662 169 17 to to PART bracis-33662 169 18 adjust adjust VERB bracis-33662 169 19 the the DET bracis-33662 169 20 parameters parameter NOUN bracis-33662 169 21 compared compare VERB bracis-33662 169 22 to to ADP bracis-33662 169 23 the the DET bracis-33662 169 24 three three NUM bracis-33662 169 25 convolution convolution NOUN bracis-33662 169 26 blocks block NOUN bracis-33662 169 27 of of ADP bracis-33662 169 28 the the DET bracis-33662 169 29 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 169 30 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 169 31 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 169 32 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 169 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 170 1 one one NUM bracis-33662 170 2 evidence evidence NOUN bracis-33662 170 3 for for ADP bracis-33662 170 4 this this DET bracis-33662 170 5 claim claim NOUN bracis-33662 170 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 170 7 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 170 8 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 170 9 probing probe VERB bracis-33662 170 10 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 170 11 fine fine ADV bracis-33662 170 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 170 13 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33662 170 14 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 170 15 all all DET bracis-33662 170 16 the the DET bracis-33662 170 17 best good ADJ bracis-33662 170 18 results result NOUN bracis-33662 170 19 for for ADP bracis-33662 170 20 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 170 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 170 22 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 170 23 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 170 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 170 25 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 170 26 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 170 27 some some PRON bracis-33662 170 28 of of ADP bracis-33662 170 29 the the DET bracis-33662 170 30 best good ADJ bracis-33662 170 31 results result NOUN bracis-33662 170 32 from from ADP bracis-33662 170 33 random random ADJ bracis-33662 170 34 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 170 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 171 1 table table NOUN bracis-33662 171 2 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 171 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 172 1 the the DET bracis-33662 172 2 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 172 3 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 172 4 by by ADP bracis-33662 172 5 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 172 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 172 7 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 172 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 172 9 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 172 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 173 1 the the DET bracis-33662 173 2 values value NOUN bracis-33662 173 3 presented present VERB bracis-33662 173 4 are be AUX bracis-33662 173 5 the the DET bracis-33662 173 6 best good ADJ bracis-33662 173 7 macro macro ADJ bracis-33662 173 8 - - NOUN bracis-33662 173 9 f1 f1 ADJ bracis-33662 173 10 score score NOUN bracis-33662 173 11 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 173 12 by by ADP bracis-33662 173 13 the the DET bracis-33662 173 14 specified specified ADJ bracis-33662 173 15 configuration configuration NOUN bracis-33662 173 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 174 1 the the DET bracis-33662 174 2 symbols symbol NOUN bracis-33662 174 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33662 174 4 the the DET bracis-33662 174 5 calibration calibration NOUN bracis-33662 174 6 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 174 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 174 8 \(\{\diamond \(\{\diamond ADV bracis-33662 174 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 174 10 \ \ ADJ bracis-33662 174 11 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 174 12 random random ADJ bracis-33662 174 13 init init NOUN bracis-33662 174 14 . . PROPN bracis-33662 174 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 174 16 \(\star \(\star NOUN bracis-33662 174 17 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 174 18 \ \ ADJ bracis-33662 174 19 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 174 20 fine fine ADV bracis-33662 174 21 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 174 22 tuning tuning NOUN bracis-33662 174 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 174 24 \(\dagger \(\dagger ADV bracis-33662 174 25 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 174 26 \ \ ADJ bracis-33662 174 27 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 174 28 linear linear ADV bracis-33662 174 29 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 174 30 probing probe VERB bracis-33662 174 31 } } PUNCT bracis-33662 174 32 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 175 1 the the DET bracis-33662 175 2 best good ADJ bracis-33662 175 3 results result NOUN bracis-33662 175 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 175 5 each each DET bracis-33662 175 6 column column NOUN bracis-33662 175 7 are be AUX bracis-33662 175 8 bold bold ADJ bracis-33662 175 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 175 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 175 11 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ bracis-33662 175 12 results result NOUN bracis-33662 175 13 are be AUX bracis-33662 175 14 underlined.full underlined.full ADJ bracis-33662 175 15 size size NOUN bracis-33662 175 16 table table NOUN bracis-33662 175 17 to to PART bracis-33662 175 18 improve improve VERB bracis-33662 175 19 the the DET bracis-33662 175 20 robustness robustness NOUN bracis-33662 175 21 of of ADP bracis-33662 175 22 our our PRON bracis-33662 175 23 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 175 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 175 25 we we PRON bracis-33662 175 26 also also ADV bracis-33662 175 27 provide provide VERB bracis-33662 175 28 a a DET bracis-33662 175 29 baseline baseline ADJ bracis-33662 175 30 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 175 31 to to PART bracis-33662 175 32 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 175 33 the the DET bracis-33662 175 34 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 175 35 with with ADP bracis-33662 175 36 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33662 175 37 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 175 38 using use VERB bracis-33662 175 39 well well ADV bracis-33662 175 40 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 175 41 known know VERB bracis-33662 175 42 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 175 43 widely widely ADV bracis-33662 175 44 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 175 45 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33662 176 1 [ [ X bracis-33662 176 2 16 16 NUM bracis-33662 176 3 ] ] X bracis-33662 176 4 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 176 5 oates oates PROPN bracis-33662 176 6 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33662 176 7 mlp mlp PROPN bracis-33662 176 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 176 9 fcn fcn PROPN bracis-33662 176 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 176 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 176 12 resnet-64 resnet-64 PROPN bracis-33662 176 13 . . PROPN bracis-33662 177 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 177 2 addition addition NOUN bracis-33662 177 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 177 4 we we PRON bracis-33662 177 5 evaluate evaluate VERB bracis-33662 177 6 the the DET bracis-33662 177 7 linear linear NOUN bracis-33662 177 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 177 9 mlp mlp PROPN bracis-33662 177 10 task task NOUN bracis-33662 177 11 models model NOUN bracis-33662 177 12 under under ADP bracis-33662 177 13 the the DET bracis-33662 177 14 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33662 177 15 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 177 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 178 1 table table NOUN bracis-33662 178 2     SPACE bracis-33662 178 3 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 178 4 summarizes summarize NOUN bracis-33662 178 5 the the DET bracis-33662 178 6 results result NOUN bracis-33662 178 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 179 1 the the DET bracis-33662 179 2 scarcity scarcity NOUN bracis-33662 179 3 of of ADP bracis-33662 179 4 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 179 5 in in ADP bracis-33662 179 6 the the DET bracis-33662 179 7 target target NOUN bracis-33662 179 8 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 179 9 hampers hamper NOUN bracis-33662 179 10 the the DET bracis-33662 179 11 fcn fcn PROPN bracis-33662 179 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 179 13 resnet-64 resnet-64 PROPN bracis-33662 179 14 model model NOUN bracis-33662 179 15 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 179 16 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 179 17 to to PART bracis-33662 179 18 identify identify VERB bracis-33662 179 19 discriminative discriminative NOUN bracis-33662 179 20 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 179 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 179 22 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 179 23 the the DET bracis-33662 179 24 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 179 25 model model NOUN bracis-33662 179 26 lacks lack VERB bracis-33662 179 27 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 179 28 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 179 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 180 1 the the DET bracis-33662 180 2 different different ADJ bracis-33662 180 3 mlp mlp NOUN bracis-33662 180 4 configurations configuration NOUN bracis-33662 180 5 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 180 6 the the DET bracis-33662 180 7 best good ADJ bracis-33662 180 8 scores score NOUN bracis-33662 180 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 181 1 given give VERB bracis-33662 181 2 these these DET bracis-33662 181 3 results result NOUN bracis-33662 181 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 181 5 we we PRON bracis-33662 181 6 will will AUX bracis-33662 181 7 discuss discuss VERB bracis-33662 181 8 each each DET bracis-33662 181 9 research research NOUN bracis-33662 181 10 question question NOUN bracis-33662 181 11 raised raise VERB bracis-33662 181 12 in in ADP bracis-33662 181 13 sect sect NOUN bracis-33662 181 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 181 15     SPACE bracis-33662 182 1 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 182 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 182 3 table table NOUN bracis-33662 182 4 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 182 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 183 1 the the DET bracis-33662 183 2 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 183 3 of of ADP bracis-33662 183 4 the the DET bracis-33662 183 5 task task NOUN bracis-33662 183 6 models model NOUN bracis-33662 183 7 without without ADP bracis-33662 183 8 the the DET bracis-33662 183 9 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 183 10 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 183 11 model model NOUN bracis-33662 183 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 184 1 the the DET bracis-33662 184 2 values value NOUN bracis-33662 184 3 presented present VERB bracis-33662 184 4 are be AUX bracis-33662 184 5 the the DET bracis-33662 184 6 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-33662 184 7 macro macro ADJ bracis-33662 184 8 - - NOUN bracis-33662 184 9 f1 f1 ADJ bracis-33662 184 10 score score NOUN bracis-33662 184 11 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 184 12 by by ADP bracis-33662 184 13 the the DET bracis-33662 184 14 specified specified ADJ bracis-33662 184 15 model model NOUN bracis-33662 184 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 185 1 the the DET bracis-33662 185 2 best good ADJ bracis-33662 185 3 result result NOUN bracis-33662 185 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 185 5 each each DET bracis-33662 185 6 line line NOUN bracis-33662 185 7 is be AUX bracis-33662 185 8 bold bold ADJ bracis-33662 185 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 185 10 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 185 11 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ bracis-33662 185 12 results result NOUN bracis-33662 185 13 are be AUX bracis-33662 185 14 underlined.full underlined.full ADJ bracis-33662 185 15 size size NOUN bracis-33662 185 16 table table NOUN bracis-33662 185 17 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 185 18 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33662 185 19 between between ADP bracis-33662 185 20 same same ADJ bracis-33662 185 21 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 185 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 185 23 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 185 24 - - ADJ bracis-33662 185 25 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 185 26 approaches approach NOUN bracis-33662 185 27 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 185 28 rq1 rq1 NOUN bracis-33662 185 29 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 185 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 186 1 to to PART bracis-33662 186 2 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 186 3 these these DET bracis-33662 186 4 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 186 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 186 6 we we PRON bracis-33662 186 7 excluded exclude VERB bracis-33662 186 8 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 186 9 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 186 10 to to PART bracis-33662 186 11 avoid avoid VERB bracis-33662 186 12 the the DET bracis-33662 186 13 influence influence NOUN bracis-33662 186 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 186 15 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 186 16 in in ADP bracis-33662 186 17 the the DET bracis-33662 186 18 final final ADJ bracis-33662 186 19 results result NOUN bracis-33662 186 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 187 1 therefore therefore ADV bracis-33662 187 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 187 3 the the DET bracis-33662 187 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 187 5 compares compare VERB bracis-33662 187 6 the the DET bracis-33662 187 7 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 187 8 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 187 9 - - ADJ bracis-33662 187 10 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 187 11 that that PRON bracis-33662 187 12 use use VERB bracis-33662 187 13 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 187 14 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 187 15 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 187 16 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 187 17 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 187 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 187 19 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 187 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 187 21 against against ADP bracis-33662 187 22 the the DET bracis-33662 187 23 one one NOUN bracis-33662 187 24 that that PRON bracis-33662 187 25 pre pre NOUN bracis-33662 187 26 - - NOUN bracis-33662 187 27 trains train NOUN bracis-33662 187 28 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 187 29 calibrates calibrate VERB bracis-33662 187 30 the the DET bracis-33662 187 31 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 187 32 model model NOUN bracis-33662 187 33 using use VERB bracis-33662 187 34 the the DET bracis-33662 187 35 same same ADJ bracis-33662 187 36 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 187 37 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 187 38 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 187 39 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 187 40 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 187 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 188 1 valuable valuable ADJ bracis-33662 188 2 observations observation NOUN bracis-33662 188 3 can can AUX bracis-33662 188 4 be be AUX bracis-33662 188 5 summarized summarize VERB bracis-33662 188 6 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 188 7 follows follow VERB bracis-33662 188 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 189 1 firstly firstly ADV bracis-33662 189 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 189 3 the the DET bracis-33662 189 4 use use NOUN bracis-33662 189 5 of of ADP bracis-33662 189 6 a a DET bracis-33662 189 7 high high ADJ bracis-33662 189 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 189 9 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 189 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 189 11 does do AUX bracis-33662 189 12 n’t not PART bracis-33662 189 13 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 189 14 the the DET bracis-33662 189 15 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-33662 189 16 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 189 17 of of ADP bracis-33662 189 18 the the DET bracis-33662 189 19 selected select VERB bracis-33662 189 20 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 189 21 models model NOUN bracis-33662 189 22 ’ ' PUNCT bracis-33662 189 23 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 189 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 190 1 the the DET bracis-33662 190 2 maximum maximum ADJ bracis-33662 190 3 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33662 190 4 score score NOUN bracis-33662 190 5 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 190 6 under under ADP bracis-33662 190 7 the the DET bracis-33662 190 8 considered considered ADJ bracis-33662 190 9 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 190 10 - - ADJ bracis-33662 190 11 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 190 12 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 190 13 was be AUX bracis-33662 190 14 0.5248 0.5248 NUM bracis-33662 190 15 for for ADP bracis-33662 190 16 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 190 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 191 1 meanwhile meanwhile ADV bracis-33662 191 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 191 3 the the DET bracis-33662 191 4 best good ADJ bracis-33662 191 5 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33662 191 6 score score NOUN bracis-33662 191 7 achieves achieve VERB bracis-33662 191 8 0.5666 0.5666 NUM bracis-33662 191 9 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 191 10 the the DET bracis-33662 191 11 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 191 12 model model NOUN bracis-33662 191 13 uses use VERB bracis-33662 191 14 the the DET bracis-33662 191 15 same same ADJ bracis-33662 191 16 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 191 17 in in ADP bracis-33662 191 18 the the DET bracis-33662 191 19 training training NOUN bracis-33662 191 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 191 21 evaluation evaluation NOUN bracis-33662 191 22 phases phase NOUN bracis-33662 191 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 192 1 besides besides SCONJ bracis-33662 192 2 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 192 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 192 4 tcc tcc NOUN bracis-33662 192 5 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 192 6 best good ADJ bracis-33662 192 7 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 192 8 being be AUX bracis-33662 192 9 a a DET bracis-33662 192 10 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 192 11 - - ADJ bracis-33662 192 12 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 192 13 case case NOUN bracis-33662 192 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 192 15 there there PRON bracis-33662 192 16 is be VERB bracis-33662 192 17 no no DET bracis-33662 192 18 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 192 19 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 192 20 in in ADP bracis-33662 192 21 the the DET bracis-33662 192 22 best good ADJ bracis-33662 192 23 result result NOUN bracis-33662 192 24 in in ADP bracis-33662 192 25 the the DET bracis-33662 192 26 same same ADJ bracis-33662 192 27 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 192 28 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 192 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 193 1 the the DET bracis-33662 193 2 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 193 3 between between ADP bracis-33662 193 4 these these DET bracis-33662 193 5 cases case NOUN bracis-33662 193 6 is be AUX bracis-33662 193 7 0.0011 0.0011 NUM bracis-33662 193 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 193 9 to to PART bracis-33662 193 10 better well ADV bracis-33662 193 11 understand understand VERB bracis-33662 193 12 this this DET bracis-33662 193 13 outcome outcome NOUN bracis-33662 193 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 193 15 we we PRON bracis-33662 193 16 visualized visualize VERB bracis-33662 193 17 the the DET bracis-33662 193 18 projection projection NOUN bracis-33662 193 19 of of ADP bracis-33662 193 20 the the DET bracis-33662 193 21 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 193 22 learned learn VERB bracis-33662 193 23 during during ADP bracis-33662 193 24 the the DET bracis-33662 193 25 pre pre NOUN bracis-33662 193 26 - - NOUN bracis-33662 193 27 training training ADJ bracis-33662 193 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 194 1 figure figure NOUN bracis-33662 194 2     SPACE bracis-33662 194 3 8 8 NUM bracis-33662 194 4 shows show VERB bracis-33662 194 5 the the DET bracis-33662 194 6 t t PROPN bracis-33662 194 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 194 8 sne sne NOUN bracis-33662 194 9 projections projection NOUN bracis-33662 194 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 194 11 the the DET bracis-33662 194 12 embeddings embedding NOUN bracis-33662 194 13 in in ADP bracis-33662 194 14 all all DET bracis-33662 194 15 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 194 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 194 17 including include VERB bracis-33662 194 18 the the DET bracis-33662 194 19 one one NOUN bracis-33662 194 20 with with ADP bracis-33662 194 21 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 194 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 195 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 195 2 all all DET bracis-33662 195 3 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 195 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 195 5 even even ADV bracis-33662 195 6 in in ADP bracis-33662 195 7 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 195 8 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 195 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 195 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 195 11 the the DET bracis-33662 195 12 projection projection NOUN bracis-33662 195 13 of of ADP bracis-33662 195 14 the the DET bracis-33662 195 15 produced produce VERB bracis-33662 195 16 embedding embed VERB bracis-33662 195 17 is be AUX bracis-33662 195 18 similar similar ADJ bracis-33662 195 19 regarding regard VERB bracis-33662 195 20 the the DET bracis-33662 195 21 class class NOUN bracis-33662 195 22 overlaps overlap NOUN bracis-33662 195 23 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 195 24 well well ADV bracis-33662 195 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 195 26 separated separate VERB bracis-33662 195 27 groups group NOUN bracis-33662 195 28 of of ADP bracis-33662 195 29 instances instance NOUN bracis-33662 195 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 196 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 196 2 indicates indicate VERB bracis-33662 196 3 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 196 4 using use VERB bracis-33662 196 5 a a DET bracis-33662 196 6 high high ADJ bracis-33662 196 7 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 196 8 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 196 9 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 196 10 does do AUX bracis-33662 196 11 not not PART bracis-33662 196 12 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 196 13 the the DET bracis-33662 196 14 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 196 15 of of ADP bracis-33662 196 16 the the DET bracis-33662 196 17 encoders encoder NOUN bracis-33662 196 18 to to PART bracis-33662 196 19 extract extract VERB bracis-33662 196 20 meaningful meaningful ADJ bracis-33662 196 21 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 196 22 from from ADP bracis-33662 196 23 the the DET bracis-33662 196 24 low low ADJ bracis-33662 196 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 196 26 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 196 27 target target NOUN bracis-33662 196 28 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 196 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 197 1 fig fig NOUN bracis-33662 197 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 198 1 8 8 NUM bracis-33662 198 2 . . X bracis-33662 198 3 t t PROPN bracis-33662 198 4 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 198 5 sne sne PROPN bracis-33662 198 6 projection projection NOUN bracis-33662 198 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 198 8 the the DET bracis-33662 198 9 embeds embed NOUN bracis-33662 198 10 produced produce VERB bracis-33662 198 11 by by ADP bracis-33662 198 12 the the DET bracis-33662 198 13 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 198 14 - - ADJ bracis-33662 198 15 trained train VERB bracis-33662 198 16 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 198 17 encoder encoder NOUN bracis-33662 198 18 aggregated aggregate VERB bracis-33662 198 19 by by ADP bracis-33662 198 20 global global ADJ bracis-33662 198 21 pooling pool VERB bracis-33662 198 22 average average NOUN bracis-33662 198 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 199 1 full full ADJ bracis-33662 199 2 size size NOUN bracis-33662 199 3 image image NOUN bracis-33662 199 4 the the DET bracis-33662 199 5 impact impact NOUN bracis-33662 199 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 199 7 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 199 8 task task NOUN bracis-33662 199 9 in in ADP bracis-33662 199 10 the the DET bracis-33662 199 11 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 199 12 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 199 13 rq2 rq2 NOUN bracis-33662 199 14 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 199 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 200 1 the the DET bracis-33662 200 2 central central ADJ bracis-33662 200 3 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33662 200 4 to to PART bracis-33662 200 5 answer answer VERB bracis-33662 200 6 this this DET bracis-33662 200 7 research research NOUN bracis-33662 200 8 question question NOUN bracis-33662 200 9 relies rely VERB bracis-33662 200 10 on on ADP bracis-33662 200 11 the the DET bracis-33662 200 12 results result NOUN bracis-33662 200 13 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 200 14 by by ADP bracis-33662 200 15 random random ADJ bracis-33662 200 16 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 200 17 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 200 18 linear linear ADV bracis-33662 200 19 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 200 20 probing probe VERB bracis-33662 200 21 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 200 22 fine fine ADV bracis-33662 200 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 200 24 tuning tune VERB bracis-33662 200 25 calibration calibration NOUN bracis-33662 200 26 strategies strategy NOUN bracis-33662 200 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 201 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 201 2 first first ADV bracis-33662 201 3 analyze analyze VERB bracis-33662 201 4 the the DET bracis-33662 201 5 results result NOUN bracis-33662 201 6 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 201 7 by by ADP bracis-33662 201 8 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 201 9 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 201 10 tcc tcc NOUN bracis-33662 201 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 201 12 given give VERB bracis-33662 201 13 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 201 14 it it PRON bracis-33662 201 15 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 201 16 the the DET bracis-33662 201 17 best good ADJ bracis-33662 201 18 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 201 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 202 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 202 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 202 3 these these DET bracis-33662 202 4 best good ADJ bracis-33662 202 5 results result NOUN bracis-33662 202 6 are be AUX bracis-33662 202 7 only only ADV bracis-33662 202 8 partially partially ADV bracis-33662 202 9 related relate VERB bracis-33662 202 10 to to ADP bracis-33662 202 11 its its PRON bracis-33662 202 12 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 202 13 task task NOUN bracis-33662 202 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 203 1 most most ADJ bracis-33662 203 2 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 203 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 203 4 tcc tcc NOUN bracis-33662 203 5 models model NOUN bracis-33662 203 6 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 203 7 their their PRON bracis-33662 203 8 macro macro ADJ bracis-33662 203 9 - - NOUN bracis-33662 203 10 f1 f1 ADJ bracis-33662 203 11 score score NOUN bracis-33662 203 12 under under ADP bracis-33662 203 13 the the DET bracis-33662 203 14 random random ADJ bracis-33662 203 15 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 203 16 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 203 17 without without ADP bracis-33662 203 18 relying rely VERB bracis-33662 203 19 on on ADP bracis-33662 203 20 the the DET bracis-33662 203 21 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 203 22 - - ADJ bracis-33662 203 23 training training ADJ bracis-33662 203 24 phase phase NOUN bracis-33662 203 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 204 1 remarkably remarkably ADV bracis-33662 204 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 204 3 the the DET bracis-33662 204 4 best good ADJ bracis-33662 204 5 results result NOUN bracis-33662 204 6 were be AUX bracis-33662 204 7 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 204 8 by by ADP bracis-33662 204 9 random random ADJ bracis-33662 204 10 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 204 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 204 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 204 13 the the DET bracis-33662 204 14 same same ADJ bracis-33662 204 15 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 204 16 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 204 17 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 204 18 the the DET bracis-33662 204 19 second second ADV bracis-33662 204 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 204 21 best good ADJ bracis-33662 204 22 score score NOUN bracis-33662 204 23 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 205 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 205 2 indicates indicate VERB bracis-33662 205 3 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 205 4 the the DET bracis-33662 205 5 high high ADJ bracis-33662 205 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 205 7 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 205 8 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 205 9 does do AUX bracis-33662 205 10 not not PART bracis-33662 205 11 improve improve VERB bracis-33662 205 12 the the DET bracis-33662 205 13 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 205 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 205 15 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 205 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 205 17 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 205 18 in in ADP bracis-33662 205 19 any any DET bracis-33662 205 20 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 205 21 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 206 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 206 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33662 206 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 206 4 random random ADJ bracis-33662 206 5 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 206 6 did do AUX bracis-33662 206 7 not not PART bracis-33662 206 8 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33662 206 9 the the DET bracis-33662 206 10 best good ADJ bracis-33662 206 11 f1 f1 NOUN bracis-33662 206 12 score score NOUN bracis-33662 206 13 in in ADP bracis-33662 206 14 any any DET bracis-33662 206 15 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 206 16 based base VERB bracis-33662 206 17 on on ADP bracis-33662 206 18 the the DET bracis-33662 206 19 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 206 20 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 207 1 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 207 2 this this DET bracis-33662 207 3 model model NOUN bracis-33662 207 4 is be AUX bracis-33662 207 5 more more ADV bracis-33662 207 6 complex complex ADJ bracis-33662 207 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 207 8 it it PRON bracis-33662 207 9 is be AUX bracis-33662 207 10 probably probably ADV bracis-33662 207 11 more more ADV bracis-33662 207 12 benefited benefit VERB bracis-33662 207 13 by by ADP bracis-33662 207 14 the the DET bracis-33662 207 15 high high ADJ bracis-33662 207 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 207 17 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 207 18 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 207 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 208 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 208 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 208 3 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 208 4 it it PRON bracis-33662 208 5 did do AUX bracis-33662 208 6 not not PART bracis-33662 208 7 achieve achieve VERB bracis-33662 208 8 results result NOUN bracis-33662 208 9 as as ADV bracis-33662 208 10 good good ADJ bracis-33662 208 11 as as ADP bracis-33662 208 12 those those PRON bracis-33662 208 13 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 208 14 by by ADP bracis-33662 208 15 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 208 16 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 208 17 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 208 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 208 19 the the DET bracis-33662 208 20 source source NOUN bracis-33662 208 21 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 208 22 may may AUX bracis-33662 208 23 be be AUX bracis-33662 208 24 not not PART bracis-33662 208 25 enough enough ADJ bracis-33662 208 26 to to PART bracis-33662 208 27 train train VERB bracis-33662 208 28 a a DET bracis-33662 208 29 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33662 208 30 model model NOUN bracis-33662 208 31 using use VERB bracis-33662 208 32 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 208 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 209 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 209 2 points point VERB bracis-33662 209 3 to to ADP bracis-33662 209 4 the the DET bracis-33662 209 5 intuition intuition NOUN bracis-33662 209 6 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 209 7 a a DET bracis-33662 209 8 higher high ADJ bracis-33662 209 9 volume volume NOUN bracis-33662 209 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 209 11 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 209 12 to to PART bracis-33662 209 13 train train VERB bracis-33662 209 14 a a DET bracis-33662 209 15 larger large ADJ bracis-33662 209 16 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 209 17 model model NOUN bracis-33662 209 18 may may AUX bracis-33662 209 19 be be AUX bracis-33662 209 20 a a DET bracis-33662 209 21 promising promising ADJ bracis-33662 209 22 research research NOUN bracis-33662 209 23 path path NOUN bracis-33662 209 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 210 1 on on ADP bracis-33662 210 2 the the DET bracis-33662 210 3 other other ADJ bracis-33662 210 4 hand hand NOUN bracis-33662 210 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 210 6 the the DET bracis-33662 210 7 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 210 8 between between ADP bracis-33662 210 9 the the DET bracis-33662 210 10 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 210 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 210 12 c.f c.f PROPN bracis-33662 210 13 . . PROPN bracis-33662 210 14 figs fig NOUN bracis-33662 210 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 210 16     SPACE bracis-33662 210 17 5 5 NUM bracis-33662 210 18 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 210 19 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 210 20 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 210 21 may may AUX bracis-33662 210 22 affect affect VERB bracis-33662 210 23 the the DET bracis-33662 210 24 results result NOUN bracis-33662 210 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 211 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 211 2 contrast contrast NOUN bracis-33662 211 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 211 4 the the DET bracis-33662 211 5 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33662 211 6 proposed propose VERB bracis-33662 211 7 to to ADP bracis-33662 211 8 the the DET bracis-33662 211 9 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 211 10 models model NOUN bracis-33662 211 11 seem seem VERB bracis-33662 211 12 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33662 211 13 for for ADP bracis-33662 211 14 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 211 15 better well ADJ bracis-33662 211 16 representations representation NOUN bracis-33662 211 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 211 18 given give VERB bracis-33662 211 19 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 211 20 the the DET bracis-33662 211 21 results result NOUN bracis-33662 211 22 achieved achieve VERB bracis-33662 211 23 by by ADP bracis-33662 211 24 applying apply VERB bracis-33662 211 25 both both PRON bracis-33662 211 26 of of ADP bracis-33662 211 27 them they PRON bracis-33662 211 28 are be AUX bracis-33662 211 29 considerably considerably ADV bracis-33662 211 30 better well ADJ bracis-33662 211 31 than than ADP bracis-33662 211 32 those those PRON bracis-33662 211 33 of of ADP bracis-33662 211 34 the the DET bracis-33662 211 35 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33662 211 36 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 211 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 212 1 it it PRON bracis-33662 212 2 indicates indicate VERB bracis-33662 212 3 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 212 4 these these DET bracis-33662 212 5 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33662 212 6 are be AUX bracis-33662 212 7 extracting extract VERB bracis-33662 212 8 more more ADV bracis-33662 212 9 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33662 212 10 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 212 11 for for ADP bracis-33662 212 12 this this DET bracis-33662 212 13 application application NOUN bracis-33662 212 14 than than ADP bracis-33662 212 15 the the DET bracis-33662 212 16 mlps mlp NOUN bracis-33662 212 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 212 18 fcn fcn PROPN bracis-33662 212 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 212 20 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 212 21 resnet resnet NOUN bracis-33662 212 22 applied apply VERB bracis-33662 212 23 directly directly ADV bracis-33662 212 24 to to ADP bracis-33662 212 25 the the DET bracis-33662 212 26 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 212 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 213 1 upsampling upsample VERB bracis-33662 213 2 the the DET bracis-33662 213 3 target target NOUN bracis-33662 213 4 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 213 5 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 213 6 downsampling downsample VERB bracis-33662 213 7 the the DET bracis-33662 213 8 source source NOUN bracis-33662 213 9 dataset dataset VERB bracis-33662 213 10 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 214 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 214 2 rq3 rq3 PROPN bracis-33662 214 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 214 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 215 1 we we PRON bracis-33662 215 2 analyze analyze VERB bracis-33662 215 3 this this DET bracis-33662 215 4 research research NOUN bracis-33662 215 5 question question NOUN bracis-33662 215 6 based base VERB bracis-33662 215 7 on on ADP bracis-33662 215 8 the the DET bracis-33662 215 9 results result NOUN bracis-33662 215 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 215 11 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 215 12 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 215 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 215 14 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 215 15 . . X bracis-33662 215 16 for for ADP bracis-33662 215 17 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 215 18 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 215 19 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 215 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 215 21 the the DET bracis-33662 215 22 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 215 23 in in ADP bracis-33662 215 24 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 215 25 is be AUX bracis-33662 215 26 almost almost ADV bracis-33662 215 27 nonexistent nonexistent ADJ bracis-33662 215 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 215 29 with with ADP bracis-33662 215 30 an an DET bracis-33662 215 31 average average ADJ bracis-33662 215 32 difference difference NOUN bracis-33662 215 33 of of ADP bracis-33662 215 34 \(\approx \(\approx PRON bracis-33662 215 35 0.0073\ 0.0073\ NOUN bracis-33662 215 36 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 215 37 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 215 38 while while SCONJ bracis-33662 215 39 downsampling downsample VERB bracis-33662 215 40 the the DET bracis-33662 215 41 source source NOUN bracis-33662 215 42 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 215 43 reduced reduce VERB bracis-33662 215 44 the the DET bracis-33662 215 45 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 215 46 of of ADP bracis-33662 215 47 the the DET bracis-33662 215 48 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 215 49 models model NOUN bracis-33662 215 50 by by ADP bracis-33662 215 51 \(\approx \(\approx PROPN bracis-33662 215 52 0.0351\ 0.0351\ PROPN bracis-33662 215 53 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 215 54 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 216 1 as as SCONJ bracis-33662 216 2 the the DET bracis-33662 216 3 differences difference NOUN bracis-33662 216 4 are be AUX bracis-33662 216 5 minor minor ADJ bracis-33662 216 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 216 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 216 8 the the DET bracis-33662 216 9 same same ADJ bracis-33662 216 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 216 11 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 216 12 performs perform VERB bracis-33662 216 13 better well ADV bracis-33662 216 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 216 15 we we PRON bracis-33662 216 16 did do AUX bracis-33662 216 17 not not PART bracis-33662 216 18 draw draw VERB bracis-33662 216 19 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 216 20 conclusions conclusion NOUN bracis-33662 216 21 to to ADP bracis-33662 216 22 this this DET bracis-33662 216 23 question question NOUN bracis-33662 216 24 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 217 1 a a DET bracis-33662 217 2 pre pre ADJ bracis-33662 217 3 - - ADJ bracis-33662 217 4 trained trained ADJ bracis-33662 217 5 upsampling upsampling NOUN bracis-33662 217 6 model model NOUN bracis-33662 217 7 outperform outperform VERB bracis-33662 217 8 the the DET bracis-33662 217 9 use use NOUN bracis-33662 217 10 of of ADP bracis-33662 217 11 a a DET bracis-33662 217 12 linear linear ADJ bracis-33662 217 13 interpolation interpolation NOUN bracis-33662 217 14 ? ? PUNCT bracis-33662 218 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 218 2 rq4 rq4 NOUN bracis-33662 218 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 218 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 219 1 through through ADP bracis-33662 219 2 the the DET bracis-33662 219 3 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 219 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 219 5 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 219 6 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 219 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 219 8 2 2 NUM bracis-33662 219 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 219 10 we we PRON bracis-33662 219 11 can can AUX bracis-33662 219 12 observe observe VERB bracis-33662 219 13 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 219 14 ts ts PROPN bracis-33662 219 15 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 219 16 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 219 17 suffered suffer VERB bracis-33662 219 18 a a DET bracis-33662 219 19 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 219 20 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 219 21 reduction reduction NOUN bracis-33662 219 22 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 219 23 using use VERB bracis-33662 219 24 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 219 25 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 220 1 conversely conversely ADV bracis-33662 220 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 220 3 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 220 4 configured configure VERB bracis-33662 220 5 most most ADJ bracis-33662 220 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 220 7 the the DET bracis-33662 220 8 best good ADJ bracis-33662 220 9 workflow workflow NOUN bracis-33662 220 10 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 220 11 for for ADP bracis-33662 220 12 the the DET bracis-33662 220 13 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 220 14 fragment fragment NOUN bracis-33662 220 15 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 220 16 task task NOUN bracis-33662 220 17 using use VERB bracis-33662 220 18 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 220 19 as as ADP bracis-33662 220 20 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 220 21 model model NOUN bracis-33662 220 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 221 1 under under ADP bracis-33662 221 2 the the DET bracis-33662 221 3 supervised supervised ADJ bracis-33662 221 4 strategy strategy NOUN bracis-33662 221 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 221 6 fcn fcn NOUN bracis-33662 221 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 221 8 resnet-64 resnet-64 PROPN bracis-33662 221 9 results result NOUN bracis-33662 221 10 considerably considerably ADV bracis-33662 221 11 improved improve VERB bracis-33662 221 12 using use VERB bracis-33662 221 13 upsampler upsampler NOUN bracis-33662 221 14 model model NOUN bracis-33662 221 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 222 1 considering consider VERB bracis-33662 222 2 these these DET bracis-33662 222 3 observations observation NOUN bracis-33662 222 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 222 5 using use VERB bracis-33662 222 6 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 222 7 as as ADP bracis-33662 222 8 an an DET bracis-33662 222 9 upsampler upsampler NOUN bracis-33662 222 10 with with ADP bracis-33662 222 11 larger large ADJ bracis-33662 222 12 models model NOUN bracis-33662 222 13 seems seem VERB bracis-33662 222 14 promising promise VERB bracis-33662 222 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 222 16 mainly mainly ADV bracis-33662 222 17 if if SCONJ bracis-33662 222 18 associated associate VERB bracis-33662 222 19 with with ADP bracis-33662 222 20 a a DET bracis-33662 222 21 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 222 22 task task NOUN bracis-33662 222 23 for for ADP bracis-33662 222 24 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 222 25 - - ADJ bracis-33662 222 26 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 222 27 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 222 28 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 223 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 223 2 other other ADJ bracis-33662 223 3 words word NOUN bracis-33662 223 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 223 5 if if SCONJ bracis-33662 223 6 the the DET bracis-33662 223 7 research research NOUN bracis-33662 223 8 on on ADP bracis-33662 223 9 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 223 10 for for ADP bracis-33662 223 11 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 223 12 data data PROPN bracis-33662 223 13 follows follow VERB bracis-33662 223 14 the the DET bracis-33662 223 15 use use NOUN bracis-33662 223 16 of of ADP bracis-33662 223 17 large large ADJ bracis-33662 223 18 models model NOUN bracis-33662 223 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 223 20 we we PRON bracis-33662 223 21 recommend recommend VERB bracis-33662 223 22 using use VERB bracis-33662 223 23 our our PRON bracis-33662 223 24 adapted adapted ADJ bracis-33662 223 25 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 223 26 to to PART bracis-33662 223 27 resample resample VERB bracis-33662 223 28 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 223 29 to to ADP bracis-33662 223 30 an an DET bracis-33662 223 31 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 223 32 sampling sampling NOUN bracis-33662 223 33 rate rate NOUN bracis-33662 223 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 224 1 5 5 NUM bracis-33662 224 2 discussion discussion NOUN bracis-33662 224 3 through through ADP bracis-33662 224 4 the the DET bracis-33662 224 5 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33662 224 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 224 7 our our PRON bracis-33662 224 8 research research NOUN bracis-33662 224 9 questions question NOUN bracis-33662 224 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 224 11 we we PRON bracis-33662 224 12 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 224 13 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33662 224 14 insights insight NOUN bracis-33662 224 15 about about ADP bracis-33662 224 16 the the DET bracis-33662 224 17 quality quality NOUN bracis-33662 224 18 of of ADP bracis-33662 224 19 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 224 20 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 224 21 in in ADP bracis-33662 224 22 a a DET bracis-33662 224 23 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 224 24 - - ADJ bracis-33662 224 25 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 224 26 context context NOUN bracis-33662 224 27 that that PRON bracis-33662 224 28 can can AUX bracis-33662 224 29 be be AUX bracis-33662 224 30 helpful helpful ADJ bracis-33662 224 31 to to ADP bracis-33662 224 32 future future ADJ bracis-33662 224 33 research research NOUN bracis-33662 224 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 225 1 the the DET bracis-33662 225 2 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 225 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33662 225 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 225 5 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 225 6 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 225 7 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 225 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 225 9 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 225 10 models model NOUN bracis-33662 225 11 are be AUX bracis-33662 225 12 ineffective ineffective ADJ bracis-33662 225 13 in in ADP bracis-33662 225 14 transferring transfer VERB bracis-33662 225 15 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33662 225 16 from from ADP bracis-33662 225 17 unlabeled unlabeled ADJ bracis-33662 225 18 datasets dataset NOUN bracis-33662 225 19 with with ADP bracis-33662 225 20 higher high ADJ bracis-33662 225 21 resources resource NOUN bracis-33662 225 22 to to PART bracis-33662 225 23 enhance enhance VERB bracis-33662 225 24 the the DET bracis-33662 225 25 model model NOUN bracis-33662 225 26 ’s ’s PART bracis-33662 225 27 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 225 28 to to PART bracis-33662 225 29 solve solve VERB bracis-33662 225 30 the the DET bracis-33662 225 31 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 225 32 task task NOUN bracis-33662 225 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 225 34 rq1 rq1 NOUN bracis-33662 225 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 225 36 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 226 1 despite despite SCONJ bracis-33662 226 2 the the DET bracis-33662 226 3 low low ADJ bracis-33662 226 4 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33662 226 5 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 226 6 capacity capacity NOUN bracis-33662 226 7 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 226 8 the the DET bracis-33662 226 9 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 226 10 models model NOUN bracis-33662 226 11 showed show VERB bracis-33662 226 12 architectures architecture NOUN bracis-33662 226 13 that that PRON bracis-33662 226 14 could could AUX bracis-33662 226 15 extract extract VERB bracis-33662 226 16 more more ADV bracis-33662 226 17 relevant relevant ADJ bracis-33662 226 18 features feature NOUN bracis-33662 226 19 than than ADP bracis-33662 226 20 the the DET bracis-33662 226 21 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33662 226 22 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 226 23 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 226 24 rq2 rq2 NOUN bracis-33662 226 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 226 26 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 227 1 also also ADV bracis-33662 227 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 227 3 it it PRON bracis-33662 227 4 seems seem VERB bracis-33662 227 5 promising promise VERB bracis-33662 227 6 to to PART bracis-33662 227 7 adopt adopt VERB bracis-33662 227 8 espcn espcn ADV bracis-33662 227 9 when when SCONJ bracis-33662 227 10 associated associate VERB bracis-33662 227 11 with with ADP bracis-33662 227 12 larger large ADJ bracis-33662 227 13 models model NOUN bracis-33662 227 14 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 227 15 rq4 rq4 NOUN bracis-33662 227 16 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 227 17 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 228 1 however however ADV bracis-33662 228 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 228 3 due due ADP bracis-33662 228 4 to to ADP bracis-33662 228 5 the the DET bracis-33662 228 6 exploratory exploratory ADJ bracis-33662 228 7 nature nature NOUN bracis-33662 228 8 of of ADP bracis-33662 228 9 the the DET bracis-33662 228 10 present present ADJ bracis-33662 228 11 investigation investigation NOUN bracis-33662 228 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 228 13 including include VERB bracis-33662 228 14 more more ADV bracis-33662 228 15 diverse diverse ADJ bracis-33662 228 16 pretexts pretext NOUN bracis-33662 228 17 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 228 18 e.g. e.g. ADV bracis-33662 228 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 228 20 context context NOUN bracis-33662 228 21 prediction prediction NOUN bracis-33662 228 22 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 228 23 instance instance NOUN bracis-33662 228 24 generation generation NOUN bracis-33662 228 25 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 228 26 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 228 27 downstream downstream ADJ bracis-33662 228 28 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 228 29 will will AUX bracis-33662 228 30 allow allow VERB bracis-33662 228 31 us we PRON bracis-33662 228 32 to to PART bracis-33662 228 33 obtain obtain VERB bracis-33662 228 34 more more ADV bracis-33662 228 35 significant significant ADJ bracis-33662 228 36 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 228 37 general general ADJ bracis-33662 228 38 conclusions conclusion NOUN bracis-33662 228 39 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 228 40 especially especially ADV bracis-33662 228 41 for for ADP bracis-33662 228 42 the the DET bracis-33662 228 43 rq3 rq3 NOUN bracis-33662 228 44 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 229 1 even even ADV bracis-33662 229 2 though though SCONJ bracis-33662 229 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 229 4 focused focus VERB bracis-33662 229 5 on on ADP bracis-33662 229 6 the the DET bracis-33662 229 7 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 229 8 domain domain NOUN bracis-33662 229 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 229 10 we we PRON bracis-33662 229 11 expect expect VERB bracis-33662 229 12 these these DET bracis-33662 229 13 insights insight NOUN bracis-33662 229 14 to to PART bracis-33662 229 15 contribute contribute VERB bracis-33662 229 16 to to ADP bracis-33662 229 17 advancing advance VERB bracis-33662 229 18 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 229 19 models model NOUN bracis-33662 229 20 in in ADP bracis-33662 229 21 time time NOUN bracis-33662 229 22 series series PROPN bracis-33662 229 23 domains domain NOUN bracis-33662 229 24 with with ADP bracis-33662 229 25 labeled label VERB bracis-33662 229 26 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 229 27 scarcity scarcity NOUN bracis-33662 229 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 229 29 like like ADP bracis-33662 229 30 mobile mobile ADJ bracis-33662 229 31 health health NOUN bracis-33662 229 32 applications application NOUN bracis-33662 229 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 230 1 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 230 2 conclusions conclusion NOUN bracis-33662 230 3 in in ADP bracis-33662 230 4 this this DET bracis-33662 230 5 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 230 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 230 7 we we PRON bracis-33662 230 8 investigate investigate VERB bracis-33662 230 9 using use VERB bracis-33662 230 10 a a DET bracis-33662 230 11 high high ADJ bracis-33662 230 12 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 230 13 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 230 14 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 230 15 to to PART bracis-33662 230 16 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 230 17 the the DET bracis-33662 230 18 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 230 19 of of ADP bracis-33662 230 20 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 230 21 models model NOUN bracis-33662 230 22 in in ADP bracis-33662 230 23 a a DET bracis-33662 230 24 low low ADJ bracis-33662 230 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 230 26 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 230 27 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 230 28 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 230 29 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 230 30 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 231 1 specifically specifically ADV bracis-33662 231 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 231 3 we we PRON bracis-33662 231 4 compare compare VERB bracis-33662 231 5 the the DET bracis-33662 231 6 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 231 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 231 8 two two NUM bracis-33662 231 9 ssl ssl ADJ bracis-33662 231 10 models model NOUN bracis-33662 231 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 231 12 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 231 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 231 14 tcc tcc PROPN bracis-33662 231 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 231 16 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 231 17 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 231 18 under under ADP bracis-33662 231 19 four four NUM bracis-33662 231 20 different different ADJ bracis-33662 231 21 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 231 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 231 23 with with ADP bracis-33662 231 24 three three NUM bracis-33662 231 25 being be AUX bracis-33662 231 26 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 231 27 - - ADJ bracis-33662 231 28 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 231 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 231 30 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 231 31 present present VERB bracis-33662 231 32 an an DET bracis-33662 231 33 adaptation adaptation NOUN bracis-33662 231 34 of of ADP bracis-33662 231 35 the the DET bracis-33662 231 36 espcn espcn PROPN bracis-33662 231 37 model model NOUN bracis-33662 231 38 for for ADP bracis-33662 231 39 univariate univariate ADJ bracis-33662 231 40 time time NOUN bracis-33662 231 41 series series NOUN bracis-33662 231 42 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 231 43 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ bracis-33662 231 44 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 231 45 scale scale NOUN bracis-33662 231 46 factor factor NOUN bracis-33662 231 47 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 232 1 the the DET bracis-33662 232 2 experiments experiment NOUN bracis-33662 232 3 demonstrated demonstrate VERB bracis-33662 232 4 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 232 5 using use VERB bracis-33662 232 6 a a DET bracis-33662 232 7 high high ADJ bracis-33662 232 8 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 232 9 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 232 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 232 11 does do AUX bracis-33662 232 12 not not PART bracis-33662 232 13 increase increase VERB bracis-33662 232 14 the the DET bracis-33662 232 15 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 232 16 of of ADP bracis-33662 232 17 the the DET bracis-33662 232 18 ssl ssl PROPN bracis-33662 232 19 model model NOUN bracis-33662 232 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 232 21 especially especially ADV bracis-33662 232 22 for for ADP bracis-33662 232 23 ts ts NOUN bracis-33662 232 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 232 25 tcc tcc NOUN bracis-33662 232 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 232 27 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 232 28 the the DET bracis-33662 232 29 random random ADJ bracis-33662 232 30 initialization initialization NOUN bracis-33662 232 31 scenario scenario NOUN bracis-33662 232 32 has have AUX bracis-33662 232 33 obtained obtain VERB bracis-33662 232 34 the the DET bracis-33662 232 35 best good ADJ bracis-33662 232 36 overall overall ADJ bracis-33662 232 37 result result NOUN bracis-33662 232 38 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 233 1 also also ADV bracis-33662 233 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 233 3 the the DET bracis-33662 233 4 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 233 5 upsampler upsampler PROPN bracis-33662 233 6 increases increase VERB bracis-33662 233 7 the the DET bracis-33662 233 8 performance performance NOUN bracis-33662 233 9 of of ADP bracis-33662 233 10 the the DET bracis-33662 233 11 ts2vec ts2vec PROPN bracis-33662 233 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 233 13 fcn fcn PROPN bracis-33662 233 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 233 15 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 233 16 resnet-64 resnet-64 PROPN bracis-33662 233 17 . . PROPN bracis-33662 233 18 suggesting suggest VERB bracis-33662 233 19 that that SCONJ bracis-33662 233 20 the the DET bracis-33662 233 21 use use NOUN bracis-33662 233 22 of of ADP bracis-33662 233 23 espcn espcn NOUN bracis-33662 233 24 with with ADP bracis-33662 233 25 larger large ADJ bracis-33662 233 26 models model NOUN bracis-33662 233 27 is be AUX bracis-33662 233 28 promising promise VERB bracis-33662 233 29 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 234 1 these these DET bracis-33662 234 2 results result NOUN bracis-33662 234 3 indicate indicate VERB bracis-33662 234 4 the the DET bracis-33662 234 5 need need NOUN bracis-33662 234 6 to to PART bracis-33662 234 7 develop develop VERB bracis-33662 234 8 pretext pretext NOUN bracis-33662 234 9 tasks task NOUN bracis-33662 234 10 more more ADV bracis-33662 234 11 suitable suitable ADJ bracis-33662 234 12 for for ADP bracis-33662 234 13 cross cross ADJ bracis-33662 234 14 - - ADJ bracis-33662 234 15 dataset dataset ADJ bracis-33662 234 16 scenarios scenario NOUN bracis-33662 234 17 where where SCONJ bracis-33662 234 18 knowledge knowledge NOUN bracis-33662 234 19 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33662 234 20 is be AUX bracis-33662 234 21 fundamental fundamental ADJ bracis-33662 234 22 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 235 1 notes note VERB bracis-33662 235 2 1.source 1.source NUM bracis-33662 235 3 code code PROPN bracis-33662 235 4 https://github.com/rafaelsilva7/tackling-low-ecg https://github.com/rafaelsilva7/tackling-low-ecg PROPN bracis-33662 235 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 236 1 references reference NOUN bracis-33662 236 2 chen chen PROPN bracis-33662 236 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 236 4 a. a. PROPN bracis-33662 236 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 236 6 et et PROPN bracis-33662 236 7 al al PROPN bracis-33662 236 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 236 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 237 1 multi multi ADJ bracis-33662 237 2 - - ADJ bracis-33662 237 3 information information ADJ bracis-33662 237 4 fusion fusion NOUN bracis-33662 237 5 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 237 6 networks network NOUN bracis-33662 237 7 for for ADP bracis-33662 237 8 arrhythmia arrhythmia NOUN bracis-33662 237 9 automatic automatic ADJ bracis-33662 237 10 detection detection NOUN bracis-33662 237 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 238 1 comput comput NOUN bracis-33662 238 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 239 1 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 239 2 programs program NOUN bracis-33662 239 3 biomed biome VERB bracis-33662 239 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 240 1 193 193 NUM bracis-33662 240 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 240 3 105479 105479 NUM bracis-33662 240 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 240 5 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33662 240 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 240 7 article article NOUN bracis-33662 240 8     SPACE bracis-33662 240 9 math math NOUN bracis-33662 240 10     SPACE bracis-33662 240 11 google google PROPN bracis-33662 240 12 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 240 13     SPACE bracis-33662 240 14 chen chen PROPN bracis-33662 240 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 240 16 h. h. PROPN bracis-33662 240 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 240 18 et et PROPN bracis-33662 240 19 al al PROPN bracis-33662 240 20 . . PROPN bracis-33662 240 21 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 240 22 real real ADJ bracis-33662 240 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 240 24 world world NOUN bracis-33662 240 25 single single ADJ bracis-33662 240 26 image image NOUN bracis-33662 240 27 super super NOUN bracis-33662 240 28 - - NOUN bracis-33662 240 29 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-33662 240 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 240 31 a a DET bracis-33662 240 32 brief brief ADJ bracis-33662 240 33 review review NOUN bracis-33662 240 34 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 241 1 inf inf PROPN bracis-33662 241 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 241 3 fusion fusion PROPN bracis-33662 241 4 79 79 NUM bracis-33662 241 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 6 124–145 124–145 NUM bracis-33662 241 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 241 8 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 241 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 241 10 article article NOUN bracis-33662 241 11     SPACE bracis-33662 241 12 math math NOUN bracis-33662 241 13     SPACE bracis-33662 241 14 google google PROPN bracis-33662 241 15 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 241 16     SPACE bracis-33662 241 17 darban darban NOUN bracis-33662 241 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 19 z.z z.z PROPN bracis-33662 241 20 . . PROPN bracis-33662 241 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 22 webb webb PROPN bracis-33662 241 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 24 g.i g.i PROPN bracis-33662 241 25 . . PROPN bracis-33662 241 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 27 pan pan PROPN bracis-33662 241 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 29 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 241 30 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 31 salehi salehi NOUN bracis-33662 241 32 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 241 33 m. m. NOUN bracis-33662 241 34 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 241 35 carla carla PROPN bracis-33662 241 36 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 241 37 a a DET bracis-33662 241 38 self self NOUN bracis-33662 241 39 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 241 40 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 241 41 contrastive contrastive ADJ bracis-33662 241 42 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 241 43 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 241 44 approach approach NOUN bracis-33662 241 45 for for ADP bracis-33662 241 46 time time NOUN bracis-33662 241 47 series series PROPN bracis-33662 241 48 anomaly anomaly PROPN bracis-33662 241 49 detection detection NOUN bracis-33662 241 50 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 242 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33662 242 2 preprint preprint NOUN bracis-33662 242 3 arxiv:2308.09296 arxiv:2308.09296 NOUN bracis-33662 242 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 242 5 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33662 242 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 242 7 ebrahimi ebrahimi PROPN bracis-33662 242 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 9 z. z. PROPN bracis-33662 242 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 11 loni loni PROPN bracis-33662 242 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 13 m. m. NOUN bracis-33662 242 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 15 daneshtalab daneshtalab NOUN bracis-33662 242 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 17 m. m. NOUN bracis-33662 242 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 19 gharehbaghi gharehbaghi PROPN bracis-33662 242 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 242 21 a. a. NOUN bracis-33662 242 22 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 242 23 a a DET bracis-33662 242 24 review review NOUN bracis-33662 242 25 on on ADP bracis-33662 242 26 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 242 27 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 242 28 methods method NOUN bracis-33662 242 29 for for ADP bracis-33662 242 30 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 242 31 arrhythmia arrhythmia NOUN bracis-33662 242 32 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 242 33 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 243 1 expert expert NOUN bracis-33662 243 2 syst syst PROPN bracis-33662 243 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 243 4 appl appl PROPN bracis-33662 243 5 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 244 1 x x PUNCT bracis-33662 244 2 7 7 NUM bracis-33662 244 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 244 4 100033 100033 NUM bracis-33662 244 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 244 6 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33662 244 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 244 8 math math NOUN bracis-33662 244 9     SPACE bracis-33662 244 10 google google PROPN bracis-33662 244 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 244 12     SPACE bracis-33662 244 13 eldele eldele PROPN bracis-33662 244 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 244 15 e. e. PROPN bracis-33662 244 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 244 17 et et PROPN bracis-33662 244 18 al al PROPN bracis-33662 244 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 244 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 245 1 time time NOUN bracis-33662 245 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 245 3 series series NOUN bracis-33662 245 4 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 245 5 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 245 6 via via ADP bracis-33662 245 7 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 245 8 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 245 9 contextual contextual ADJ bracis-33662 245 10 contrasting contrasting NOUN bracis-33662 245 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 246 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33662 246 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-33662 246 3 arxiv:2106.14112 arxiv:2106.14112 PROPN bracis-33662 246 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 246 5 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33662 246 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 246 7 ericsson ericsson PROPN bracis-33662 246 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 9 l. l. PROPN bracis-33662 246 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 11 gouk gouk PROPN bracis-33662 246 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 13 h. h. PROPN bracis-33662 246 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 15 loy loy PROPN bracis-33662 246 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 17 c.c c.c PROPN bracis-33662 246 18 . . PROPN bracis-33662 246 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 20 hospedales hospedale VERB bracis-33662 246 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 246 22 t.m t.m PROPN bracis-33662 246 23 . . NOUN bracis-33662 246 24 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 246 25 self self NOUN bracis-33662 246 26 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 246 27 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 246 28 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 246 29 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 246 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 247 1 introduction introduction NOUN bracis-33662 247 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 247 3 advances advance NOUN bracis-33662 247 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 247 5 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 247 6 challenges challenge NOUN bracis-33662 247 7 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 248 1 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33662 248 2 signal signal NOUN bracis-33662 248 3 process process NOUN bracis-33662 248 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 249 1 mag mag INTJ bracis-33662 249 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 250 1 39(3 39(3 NUM bracis-33662 250 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 250 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 4 42–62 42–62 NUM bracis-33662 250 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 250 6 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 250 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 250 8 article article NOUN bracis-33662 250 9     SPACE bracis-33662 250 10 math math NOUN bracis-33662 250 11     SPACE bracis-33662 250 12 google google PROPN bracis-33662 250 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 250 14     SPACE bracis-33662 250 15 foumani foumani NOUN bracis-33662 250 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 17 n.m n.m PROPN bracis-33662 250 18 . . PROPN bracis-33662 250 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 20 tan tan PROPN bracis-33662 250 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 22 c.w c.w PROPN bracis-33662 250 23 . . PROPN bracis-33662 250 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 25 webb webb PROPN bracis-33662 250 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 27 g.i g.i PROPN bracis-33662 250 28 . . PROPN bracis-33662 250 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 30 salehi salehi PROPN bracis-33662 250 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 250 32 m. m. NOUN bracis-33662 250 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 250 34 series2vec series2vec X bracis-33662 250 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 250 36 similarity similarity NOUN bracis-33662 250 37 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 250 38 based base VERB bracis-33662 250 39 self self NOUN bracis-33662 250 40 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 250 41 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 250 42 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 250 43 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 250 44 for for ADP bracis-33662 250 45 time time NOUN bracis-33662 250 46 series series PROPN bracis-33662 250 47 classification classification PROPN bracis-33662 250 48 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 251 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33662 251 2 preprint preprint VERB bracis-33662 251 3 arxiv:2312.03998 arxiv:2312.03998 PRON bracis-33662 251 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 251 5 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33662 251 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 251 7 lee lee PROPN bracis-33662 251 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 251 9 j. j. PROPN bracis-33662 251 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 251 11 jin jin PROPN bracis-33662 251 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 251 13 k.h k.h PROPN bracis-33662 251 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 251 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 252 1 local local ADJ bracis-33662 252 2 texture texture ADJ bracis-33662 252 3 estimator estimator NOUN bracis-33662 252 4 for for ADP bracis-33662 252 5 implicit implicit ADJ bracis-33662 252 6 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 252 7 function function NOUN bracis-33662 252 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 253 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 253 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 253 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33662 253 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 253 5 the the DET bracis-33662 253 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33662 253 7 / / SYM bracis-33662 253 8 cvf cvf NOUN bracis-33662 253 9 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 253 10 on on ADP bracis-33662 253 11 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 253 12 vision vision NOUN bracis-33662 253 13 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 253 14 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-33662 253 15 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33662 253 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 253 17 pp pp X bracis-33662 253 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 254 1 1929–1938 1929–1938 NUM bracis-33662 254 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 254 3 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 254 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 254 5 google google PROPN bracis-33662 254 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 254 7     SPACE bracis-33662 254 8 liang liang PROPN bracis-33662 254 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 10 j. j. PROPN bracis-33662 254 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 12 cao cao PROPN bracis-33662 254 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 14 j. j. PROPN bracis-33662 254 15 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 16 sun sun PROPN bracis-33662 254 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 18 g. g. PROPN bracis-33662 254 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 20 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33662 254 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 22 k. k. PROPN bracis-33662 254 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 24 van van PROPN bracis-33662 254 25     SPACE bracis-33662 254 26 gool gool PROPN bracis-33662 254 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 28 l. l. PROPN bracis-33662 254 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 30 timofte timofte PROPN bracis-33662 254 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 254 32 r. r. PROPN bracis-33662 254 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 254 34 swinir swinir NOUN bracis-33662 254 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 254 36 image image NOUN bracis-33662 254 37 restoration restoration NOUN bracis-33662 254 38 using use VERB bracis-33662 254 39 swin swin PROPN bracis-33662 254 40 transformer transformer PROPN bracis-33662 254 41 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 255 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 255 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 255 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33662 255 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 255 5 the the DET bracis-33662 255 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33662 255 7 / / SYM bracis-33662 255 8 cvf cvf NOUN bracis-33662 255 9 international international ADJ bracis-33662 255 10 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 255 11 on on ADP bracis-33662 255 12 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 255 13 vision vision NOUN bracis-33662 255 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 255 15 pp pp ADP bracis-33662 255 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 256 1 1833–1844 1833–1844 NUM bracis-33662 256 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 256 3 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33662 256 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 256 5 google google NOUN bracis-33662 256 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 256 7     SPACE bracis-33662 256 8 mehari mehari NOUN bracis-33662 256 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 256 10 t. t. PROPN bracis-33662 256 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 256 12 strodthoff strodthoff NOUN bracis-33662 256 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 256 14 n. n. NOUN bracis-33662 256 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 256 16 self self NOUN bracis-33662 256 17 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 256 18 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 256 19 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 256 20 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 256 21 from from ADP bracis-33662 256 22 12 12 NUM bracis-33662 256 23 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 256 24 lead lead NOUN bracis-33662 256 25 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 256 26 data datum NOUN bracis-33662 256 27 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 257 1 comput comput NOUN bracis-33662 257 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 258 1 biol biol PROPN bracis-33662 258 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 259 1 med med PROPN bracis-33662 259 2 . . PROPN bracis-33662 259 3 141 141 NUM bracis-33662 259 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 5 105114 105114 NUM bracis-33662 259 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 259 7 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 259 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 259 9 article article NOUN bracis-33662 259 10     SPACE bracis-33662 259 11 math math NOUN bracis-33662 259 12     SPACE bracis-33662 259 13 google google PROPN bracis-33662 259 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 259 15     SPACE bracis-33662 259 16 nemirko nemirko PROPN bracis-33662 259 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 18 a. a. NOUN bracis-33662 259 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 20 manilo manilo PROPN bracis-33662 259 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 22 l. l. PROPN bracis-33662 259 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 24 tatarinova tatarinova PROPN bracis-33662 259 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 26 a. a. NOUN bracis-33662 259 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 28 alekseev alekseev PROPN bracis-33662 259 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 30 b. b. PROPN bracis-33662 259 31 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 32 evdakova evdakova PROPN bracis-33662 259 33 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 34 e. e. PROPN bracis-33662 259 35 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 259 36 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 259 37 fragment fragment NOUN bracis-33662 259 38 database database NOUN bracis-33662 259 39 for for ADP bracis-33662 259 40 the the DET bracis-33662 259 41 exploration exploration NOUN bracis-33662 259 42 of of ADP bracis-33662 259 43 dangerous dangerous ADJ bracis-33662 259 44 arrhythmia arrhythmia NOUN bracis-33662 259 45 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 259 46 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 259 47 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 259 48 google google NOUN bracis-33662 259 49 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 259 50     SPACE bracis-33662 259 51 rabbani rabbani PROPN bracis-33662 259 52 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 53 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 259 54 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 55 khan khan PROPN bracis-33662 259 56 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 259 57 n. n. NOUN bracis-33662 259 58 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 259 59 contrastive contrastive ADJ bracis-33662 259 60 self self NOUN bracis-33662 259 61 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 259 62 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 259 63 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 259 64 for for ADP bracis-33662 259 65 stress stress NOUN bracis-33662 259 66 detection detection NOUN bracis-33662 259 67 from from ADP bracis-33662 259 68 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 259 69 data data PROPN bracis-33662 259 70 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 260 1 bioengineering bioengineere VERB bracis-33662 260 2 9(8 9(8 NUM bracis-33662 260 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 260 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 260 5 374 374 NUM bracis-33662 260 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 260 7 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 260 8 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 260 9 article article NOUN bracis-33662 260 10     SPACE bracis-33662 260 11 math math NOUN bracis-33662 260 12     SPACE bracis-33662 260 13 google google PROPN bracis-33662 260 14 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 260 15     SPACE bracis-33662 260 16 shi shi PROPN bracis-33662 260 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 260 18 w. w. PROPN bracis-33662 260 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 260 20 et et PROPN bracis-33662 260 21 al al PROPN bracis-33662 260 22 . . PROPN bracis-33662 260 23 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 260 24 real real ADJ bracis-33662 260 25 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 260 26 time time NOUN bracis-33662 260 27 single single ADJ bracis-33662 260 28 image image NOUN bracis-33662 260 29 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 260 30 video video NOUN bracis-33662 260 31 super super NOUN bracis-33662 260 32 - - NOUN bracis-33662 260 33 resolution resolution NOUN bracis-33662 260 34 using use VERB bracis-33662 260 35 an an DET bracis-33662 260 36 efficient efficient ADJ bracis-33662 260 37 sub sub ADJ bracis-33662 260 38 - - ADJ bracis-33662 260 39 pixel pixel ADJ bracis-33662 260 40 convolutional convolutional ADJ bracis-33662 260 41 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 260 42 network network NOUN bracis-33662 260 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 261 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 261 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 261 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33662 261 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 261 5 the the DET bracis-33662 261 6 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33662 261 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 261 8 on on ADP bracis-33662 261 9 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 261 10 vision vision NOUN bracis-33662 261 11 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 261 12 pattern pattern NOUN bracis-33662 261 13 recognition recognition NOUN bracis-33662 261 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 261 15 pp pp ADP bracis-33662 261 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 262 1 1874–1883 1874–1883 NUM bracis-33662 262 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 262 3 2016 2016 NUM bracis-33662 262 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 262 5 google google PROPN bracis-33662 262 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 262 7     SPACE bracis-33662 262 8 siontis siontis PROPN bracis-33662 262 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 10 k.c k.c PROPN bracis-33662 262 11 . . PROPN bracis-33662 262 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 13 noseworthy noseworthy PROPN bracis-33662 262 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 15 p.a p.a PROPN bracis-33662 262 16 . . PROPN bracis-33662 262 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 18 attia attia PROPN bracis-33662 262 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 20 z.i z.i PROPN bracis-33662 262 21 . . PROPN bracis-33662 262 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 23 friedman friedman PROPN bracis-33662 262 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 262 25 p.a p.a PROPN bracis-33662 262 26 . . PROPN bracis-33662 262 27 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 263 1 artificial artificial ADJ bracis-33662 263 2 intelligence intelligence NOUN bracis-33662 263 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 263 4 enhanced enhance VERB bracis-33662 263 5 electrocardiography electrocardiography NOUN bracis-33662 263 6 in in ADP bracis-33662 263 7 cardiovascular cardiovascular ADJ bracis-33662 263 8 disease disease NOUN bracis-33662 263 9 management management NOUN bracis-33662 263 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 264 1 nat nat PROPN bracis-33662 264 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 265 1 rev rev PROPN bracis-33662 265 2 . . PROPN bracis-33662 265 3 cardiol cardiol PROPN bracis-33662 265 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 266 1 18(7 18(7 NUM bracis-33662 266 2 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 266 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 266 4 465–478 465–478 NUM bracis-33662 266 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 266 6 2021 2021 NUM bracis-33662 266 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 266 8 article article NOUN bracis-33662 266 9     SPACE bracis-33662 266 10 google google PROPN bracis-33662 266 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 266 12     SPACE bracis-33662 266 13 wagner wagner PROPN bracis-33662 266 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 266 15 p. p. PROPN bracis-33662 266 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 266 17 et et PROPN bracis-33662 266 18 al al PROPN bracis-33662 266 19 . . PROPN bracis-33662 266 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 267 1 ptb ptb PROPN bracis-33662 267 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 267 3 xl xl PROPN bracis-33662 267 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 267 5 a a DET bracis-33662 267 6 large large ADJ bracis-33662 267 7 publicly publicly ADV bracis-33662 267 8 available available ADJ bracis-33662 267 9 electrocardiography electrocardiography NOUN bracis-33662 267 10 dataset dataset NOUN bracis-33662 267 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 268 1 sci sci PROPN bracis-33662 268 2 . . PROPN bracis-33662 268 3 data data PROPN bracis-33662 268 4 7(1 7(1 NUM bracis-33662 268 5 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 268 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 7 1–15 1–15 PROPN bracis-33662 268 8 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 268 9 2020 2020 NUM bracis-33662 268 10 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 268 11 article article NOUN bracis-33662 268 12     SPACE bracis-33662 268 13 math math NOUN bracis-33662 268 14     SPACE bracis-33662 268 15 google google PROPN bracis-33662 268 16 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 268 17     SPACE bracis-33662 268 18 wang wang PROPN bracis-33662 268 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 20 z. z. PROPN bracis-33662 268 21 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 22 yan yan PROPN bracis-33662 268 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 24 w. w. PROPN bracis-33662 268 25 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 26 oates oates PROPN bracis-33662 268 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 268 28 t. t. PROPN bracis-33662 268 29 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 268 30 time time NOUN bracis-33662 268 31 series series PROPN bracis-33662 268 32 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 268 33 from from ADP bracis-33662 268 34 scratch scratch NOUN bracis-33662 268 35 with with ADP bracis-33662 268 36 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 268 37 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 268 38 networks network NOUN bracis-33662 268 39 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 268 40 a a DET bracis-33662 268 41 strong strong ADJ bracis-33662 268 42 baseline baseline NOUN bracis-33662 268 43 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 269 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 269 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 269 3 2017 2017 NUM bracis-33662 269 4 international international ADJ bracis-33662 269 5 joint joint ADJ bracis-33662 269 6 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 269 7 on on ADP bracis-33662 269 8 neural neural ADJ bracis-33662 269 9 networks network NOUN bracis-33662 269 10 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 269 11 ijcnn ijcnn PROPN bracis-33662 269 12 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 269 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 269 14 pp pp ADJ bracis-33662 269 15 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 270 1 1578–1585 1578–1585 NUM bracis-33662 270 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 271 1 ieee ieee NOUN bracis-33662 271 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 271 3 2017 2017 NUM bracis-33662 271 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 271 5 google google PROPN bracis-33662 271 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 271 7     SPACE bracis-33662 271 8 xiao xiao PROPN bracis-33662 271 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 271 10 q. q. PROPN bracis-33662 271 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 271 12 et et PROPN bracis-33662 271 13 al al PROPN bracis-33662 271 14 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 271 15 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 272 1 deep deep ADJ bracis-33662 272 2 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 272 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 272 4 based base VERB bracis-33662 272 5 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 272 6 arrhythmia arrhythmia PROPN bracis-33662 272 7 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 272 8 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 272 9 a a DET bracis-33662 272 10 systematic systematic ADJ bracis-33662 272 11 review review NOUN bracis-33662 272 12 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 273 1 appl appl PROPN bracis-33662 273 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 274 1 sci sci PROPN bracis-33662 274 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 274 3 13(8 13(8 NUM bracis-33662 274 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 274 5 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 274 6 4964 4964 NUM bracis-33662 274 7 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 274 8 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33662 274 9 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 274 10 google google NOUN bracis-33662 274 11 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 274 12     SPACE bracis-33662 274 13 yue yue PROPN bracis-33662 274 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 274 15 z. z. PROPN bracis-33662 274 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 274 17 et et PROPN bracis-33662 274 18 al al PROPN bracis-33662 274 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 274 20 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 275 1 ts2vec ts2vec NOUN bracis-33662 275 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 275 3 towards towards ADP bracis-33662 275 4 universal universal ADJ bracis-33662 275 5 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 275 6 of of ADP bracis-33662 275 7 time time NOUN bracis-33662 275 8 series series NOUN bracis-33662 275 9 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 276 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 276 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 276 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN bracis-33662 276 4 of of ADP bracis-33662 276 5 the the DET bracis-33662 276 6 aaai aaai PROPN bracis-33662 276 7 conference conference NOUN bracis-33662 276 8 on on ADP bracis-33662 276 9 artificial artificial ADJ bracis-33662 276 10 intelligence intelligence NOUN bracis-33662 276 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 276 12 vol vol NOUN bracis-33662 276 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 276 14     SPACE bracis-33662 276 15 36 36 NUM bracis-33662 276 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 276 17 pp pp ADJ bracis-33662 276 18 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 276 19 8980–8987 8980–8987 NUM bracis-33662 276 20 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 276 21 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 276 22 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 276 23 google google PROPN bracis-33662 276 24 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 276 25     SPACE bracis-33662 276 26 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33662 276 27 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 276 28 k. k. PROPN bracis-33662 276 29 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 276 30 et et PROPN bracis-33662 276 31 al al PROPN bracis-33662 276 32 . . PROPN bracis-33662 276 33 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 277 1 self self NOUN bracis-33662 277 2 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 277 3 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 277 4 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 277 5 for for ADP bracis-33662 277 6 time time NOUN bracis-33662 277 7 series series NOUN bracis-33662 277 8 analysis analysis NOUN bracis-33662 277 9 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 277 10 taxonomy taxonomy NOUN bracis-33662 277 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 277 12 progress progress NOUN bracis-33662 277 13 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 277 14 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 277 15 prospects prospect NOUN bracis-33662 277 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 278 1 ieee ieee PROPN bracis-33662 278 2 trans trans PROPN bracis-33662 278 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 278 4 pattern pattern PROPN bracis-33662 278 5 anal anal PROPN bracis-33662 278 6 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 279 1 mach mach PROPN bracis-33662 279 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 280 1 intell intell PROPN bracis-33662 280 2 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 281 1 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 281 2 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33662 281 3 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 281 4 google google PROPN bracis-33662 281 5 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 281 6     SPACE bracis-33662 281 7 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33662 281 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 281 9 w. w. PROPN bracis-33662 281 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 281 11 geng geng PROPN bracis-33662 281 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 281 13 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 281 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 281 15 hong hong PROPN bracis-33662 281 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 281 17 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 281 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 281 19 a a DET bracis-33662 281 20 simple simple ADJ bracis-33662 281 21 self self NOUN bracis-33662 281 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 281 23 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 281 24 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 281 25 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 281 26 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 281 27 method method NOUN bracis-33662 281 28 via via ADP bracis-33662 281 29 manipulated manipulate VERB bracis-33662 281 30 temporal temporal ADJ bracis-33662 281 31 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 281 32 spatial spatial ADJ bracis-33662 281 33 reverse reverse ADJ bracis-33662 281 34 detection detection NOUN bracis-33662 281 35 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 281 36 biomed biome VERB bracis-33662 281 37 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 282 1 signal signal ADJ bracis-33662 282 2 process process NOUN bracis-33662 282 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 283 1 control control NOUN bracis-33662 283 2 79 79 NUM bracis-33662 283 3 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 4 104194 104194 NUM bracis-33662 283 5 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 283 6 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33662 283 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 283 8 article article NOUN bracis-33662 283 9     SPACE bracis-33662 283 10 math math NOUN bracis-33662 283 11     SPACE bracis-33662 283 12 google google PROPN bracis-33662 283 13 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 283 14     SPACE bracis-33662 283 15 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33662 283 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 17 w. w. PROPN bracis-33662 283 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 19 yang yang PROPN bracis-33662 283 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 21 l. l. PROPN bracis-33662 283 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 23 geng geng PROPN bracis-33662 283 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 25 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 283 26 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 27 hong hong PROPN bracis-33662 283 28 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 283 29 s. s. PROPN bracis-33662 283 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 283 31 self self NOUN bracis-33662 283 32 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 283 33 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 283 34 time time NOUN bracis-33662 283 35 series series PROPN bracis-33662 283 36 representation representation NOUN bracis-33662 283 37 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 283 38 via via ADP bracis-33662 283 39 cross cross NOUN bracis-33662 283 40 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN bracis-33662 283 41 transformer transformer NOUN bracis-33662 283 42 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 284 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN bracis-33662 284 2 preprint preprint NOUN bracis-33662 284 3 arxiv:2205.09928 arxiv:2205.09928 NOUN bracis-33662 284 4 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 284 5 2022 2022 NUM bracis-33662 284 6 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 284 7 zhao zhao PROPN bracis-33662 284 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 9 z. z. PROPN bracis-33662 284 10 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 11 alzubaidi alzubaidi PROPN bracis-33662 284 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 13 l. l. PROPN bracis-33662 284 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 15 zhang zhang PROPN bracis-33662 284 16 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 17 j. j. PROPN bracis-33662 284 18 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 19 duan duan PROPN bracis-33662 284 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 21 y. y. PROPN bracis-33662 284 22 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 23 gu gu NOUN bracis-33662 284 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 284 25 y. y. PROPN bracis-33662 284 26 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 284 27 a a DET bracis-33662 284 28 comparison comparison NOUN bracis-33662 284 29 review review NOUN bracis-33662 284 30 of of ADP bracis-33662 284 31 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33662 284 32 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 284 33 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 284 34 self self NOUN bracis-33662 284 35 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 284 36 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 284 37 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 284 38 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 285 1 definitions definition NOUN bracis-33662 285 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 285 3 applications application NOUN bracis-33662 285 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 285 5 advantages advantage NOUN bracis-33662 285 6 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 285 7 limitations limitation NOUN bracis-33662 285 8 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 286 1 expert expert NOUN bracis-33662 286 2 syst syst PROPN bracis-33662 286 3 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 287 1 appl appl PROPN bracis-33662 287 2 . . PROPN bracis-33662 288 1 122807 122807 NUM bracis-33662 288 2 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 288 3 2023 2023 NUM bracis-33662 288 4 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 288 5 google google NOUN bracis-33662 288 6 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 288 7     SPACE bracis-33662 288 8 download download NOUN bracis-33662 288 9 references reference NOUN bracis-33662 288 10 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN bracis-33662 288 11 this this DET bracis-33662 288 12 work work NOUN bracis-33662 288 13 was be AUX bracis-33662 288 14 supported support VERB bracis-33662 288 15 by by ADP bracis-33662 288 16 coordenação coordenação PROPN bracis-33662 288 17 de de PROPN bracis-33662 288 18 aperfeiçoamento aperfeiçoamento PROPN bracis-33662 288 19 de de X bracis-33662 288 20 pessoal pessoal PROPN bracis-33662 288 21 de de PROPN bracis-33662 288 22 nível nível PROPN bracis-33662 288 23 superior superior ADJ bracis-33662 288 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 288 25 capes cape NOUN bracis-33662 288 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 288 27 grant grant VERB bracis-33662 288 28 88887.925347/2023 88887.925347/2023 NUM bracis-33662 288 29 - - SYM bracis-33662 288 30 00 00 NUM bracis-33662 288 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 288 32 the the DET bracis-33662 288 33 são são PROPN bracis-33662 288 34 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-33662 288 35 research research PROPN bracis-33662 288 36 foundation foundation PROPN bracis-33662 288 37 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 288 38 fapesp fapesp NOUN bracis-33662 288 39 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 288 40 grant grant NOUN bracis-33662 288 41 numbers number NOUN bracis-33662 288 42 2024/07016 2024/07016 NUM bracis-33662 288 43 - - SYM bracis-33662 288 44 4 4 NUM bracis-33662 288 45 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 288 46 2022/03176 2022/03176 NUM bracis-33662 288 47 - - SYM bracis-33662 288 48 1 1 NUM bracis-33662 288 49 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 289 1 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 2 information information NOUN bracis-33662 289 3 authors author NOUN bracis-33662 289 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 289 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33662 289 6 institute institute PROPN bracis-33662 289 7 of of ADP bracis-33662 289 8 mathematical mathematical ADJ bracis-33662 289 9 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 289 10 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 289 11 sciences science NOUN bracis-33662 289 12 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 289 13 university university NOUN bracis-33662 289 14 of of ADP bracis-33662 289 15 são são PROPN bracis-33662 289 16 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-33662 289 17 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 289 18 são são PROPN bracis-33662 289 19 carlos carlos PROPN bracis-33662 289 20 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 289 21 são são PROPN bracis-33662 289 22 paulo paulo PROPN bracis-33662 289 23 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 289 24 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33662 289 25 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33662 289 26 da da PROPN bracis-33662 289 27 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 289 28 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 289 29     SPACE bracis-33662 289 30 & & CCONJ bracis-33662 289 31     SPACE bracis-33662 289 32 diego diego PROPN bracis-33662 289 33 furtado furtado PROPN bracis-33662 289 34 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 289 35 authors author NOUN bracis-33662 289 36 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33662 289 37 da da PROPN bracis-33662 289 38 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 289 39 silvaview silvaview PROPN bracis-33662 289 40 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 41 publications publication NOUN bracis-33662 289 42 search search NOUN bracis-33662 289 43 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 44 on on ADP bracis-33662 289 45 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 289 46 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33662 289 47     SPACE bracis-33662 289 48 google google PROPN bracis-33662 289 49 scholar scholar PROPN bracis-33662 289 50 diego diego PROPN bracis-33662 289 51 furtado furtado PROPN bracis-33662 289 52 silvaview silvaview PROPN bracis-33662 289 53 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 54 publications publication NOUN bracis-33662 289 55 search search NOUN bracis-33662 289 56 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 57 on on ADP bracis-33662 289 58 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 289 59 pubmed pubmed PROPN bracis-33662 289 60     SPACE bracis-33662 289 61 google google PROPN bracis-33662 289 62 scholar scholar NOUN bracis-33662 289 63 corresponding correspond VERB bracis-33662 289 64 author author NOUN bracis-33662 289 65 correspondence correspondence NOUN bracis-33662 289 66 to to ADP bracis-33662 289 67 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33662 289 68 da da PROPN bracis-33662 289 69 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 289 70 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 289 71 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 290 1 editor editor NOUN bracis-33662 290 2 information information NOUN bracis-33662 290 3 editors editor NOUN bracis-33662 290 4 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 290 5 affiliations affiliation NOUN bracis-33662 290 6 universidade universidade VERB bracis-33662 290 7 federal federal PROPN bracis-33662 290 8 fluminense fluminense PROPN bracis-33662 290 9 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 10 niterói niterói PROPN bracis-33662 290 11 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 12 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33662 290 13 aline aline PROPN bracis-33662 290 14 paes paes PROPN bracis-33662 290 15 instituto instituto PROPN bracis-33662 290 16 tecnológico tecnológico PROPN bracis-33662 290 17 de de PROPN bracis-33662 290 18 aeronáutica aeronáutica PROPN bracis-33662 290 19 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 20 são são PROPN bracis-33662 290 21 josé josé PROPN bracis-33662 290 22 dos dos PROPN bracis-33662 290 23 campos campos PROPN bracis-33662 290 24 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 25 brazil brazil PROPN bracis-33662 290 26 filipe filipe PROPN bracis-33662 290 27 a. a. PROPN bracis-33662 290 28 n. n. PROPN bracis-33662 290 29 verri verri PROPN bracis-33662 290 30 rights right NOUN bracis-33662 290 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 290 32 permissions permission NOUN bracis-33662 290 33 reprints reprint NOUN bracis-33662 290 34 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 290 35 permissions permission VERB bracis-33662 290 36 copyright copyright NOUN bracis-33662 290 37 information information NOUN bracis-33662 290 38 © © ADP bracis-33662 290 39 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 290 40 the the DET bracis-33662 290 41 author(s author(s NOUN bracis-33662 290 42 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 290 43 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 44 under under ADP bracis-33662 290 45 exclusive exclusive ADJ bracis-33662 290 46 license license NOUN bracis-33662 290 47 to to ADP bracis-33662 290 48 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 290 49 nature nature PROPN bracis-33662 290 50 switzerland switzerland PROPN bracis-33662 290 51 ag ag PROPN bracis-33662 290 52 about about ADP bracis-33662 290 53 this this DET bracis-33662 290 54 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 290 55 cite cite VERB bracis-33662 290 56 this this DET bracis-33662 290 57 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 290 58 da da PROPN bracis-33662 290 59 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 290 60 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 290 61 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 62 r. r. PROPN bracis-33662 290 63 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 64 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 290 65 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 290 66 d.f d.f PROPN bracis-33662 290 67 . . PROPN bracis-33662 290 68 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 290 69 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 290 70 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 290 71 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 291 1 tackling tackle VERB bracis-33662 291 2 low low ADJ bracis-33662 291 3 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 291 4 resource resource NOUN bracis-33662 291 5 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 291 6 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 291 7 with with ADP bracis-33662 291 8     SPACE bracis-33662 291 9 self self NOUN bracis-33662 291 10 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 291 11 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 291 12 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 291 13 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 292 1 in in ADP bracis-33662 292 2 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 292 3 paes paes PROPN bracis-33662 292 4 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 292 5 a. a. PROPN bracis-33662 292 6 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 292 7 verri verri NOUN bracis-33662 292 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 292 9 f.a.n f.a.n ADJ bracis-33662 292 10 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 292 11 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 292 12 eds ed NOUN bracis-33662 292 13 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 292 14 intelligent intelligent ADJ bracis-33662 292 15 systems system NOUN bracis-33662 292 16 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 292 17 bracis bracis PROPN bracis-33662 292 18 2024 2024 NUM bracis-33662 292 19 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 293 1 lecture lecture NOUN bracis-33662 293 2 notes note NOUN bracis-33662 293 3 in in ADP bracis-33662 293 4 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 293 5 science science NOUN bracis-33662 293 6 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 293 7 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 293 8 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 293 9 vol vol NOUN bracis-33662 293 10 15415 15415 NUM bracis-33662 293 11 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 294 1 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 294 2 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 294 3 cham cham PROPN bracis-33662 294 4 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 295 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_17 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_17 PROPN bracis-33662 295 2 download download NOUN bracis-33662 295 3 citation citation NOUN bracis-33662 295 4 .ris .ris PUNCT bracis-33662 295 5 .enw .enw PROPN bracis-33662 296 1 .bib .bib PUNCT bracis-33662 296 2 doi doi PROPN bracis-33662 296 3 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_17 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79038-6_17 AUX bracis-33662 296 5 published publish VERB bracis-33662 296 6 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 7 31 31 NUM bracis-33662 296 8 january january PROPN bracis-33662 296 9 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 296 10 publisher publisher NOUN bracis-33662 296 11 name name NOUN bracis-33662 296 12 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 13 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 296 14 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 296 15 cham cham PROPN bracis-33662 296 16 print print PROPN bracis-33662 296 17 isbn isbn PROPN bracis-33662 296 18 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 19 978 978 NUM bracis-33662 296 20 - - SYM bracis-33662 296 21 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 296 22 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 296 23 031 031 NUM bracis-33662 296 24 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 296 25 79037 79037 NUM bracis-33662 296 26 - - SYM bracis-33662 296 27 9 9 NUM bracis-33662 296 28 online online ADJ bracis-33662 296 29 isbn isbn NOUN bracis-33662 296 30 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 31 978 978 NUM bracis-33662 296 32 - - SYM bracis-33662 296 33 3 3 NUM bracis-33662 296 34 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 296 35 031 031 NUM bracis-33662 296 36 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 296 37 79038 79038 NUM bracis-33662 296 38 - - SYM bracis-33662 296 39 6 6 NUM bracis-33662 296 40 ebook ebook NOUN bracis-33662 296 41 packages package NOUN bracis-33662 296 42 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 43 computer computer NOUN bracis-33662 296 44 sciencecomputer sciencecomputer NOUN bracis-33662 296 45 science science NOUN bracis-33662 296 46 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 296 47 r0 r0 NOUN bracis-33662 296 48 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 296 49 share share VERB bracis-33662 296 50 this this DET bracis-33662 296 51 paper paper NOUN bracis-33662 296 52 anyone anyone PRON bracis-33662 296 53 you you PRON bracis-33662 296 54 share share VERB bracis-33662 296 55 the the DET bracis-33662 296 56 following follow VERB bracis-33662 296 57 link link NOUN bracis-33662 296 58 with with ADP bracis-33662 296 59 will will AUX bracis-33662 296 60 be be AUX bracis-33662 296 61 able able ADJ bracis-33662 296 62 to to PART bracis-33662 296 63 read read VERB bracis-33662 296 64 this this DET bracis-33662 296 65 content content NOUN bracis-33662 296 66 : : PUNCT bracis-33662 296 67 get get VERB bracis-33662 296 68 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33662 296 69 linksorry linksorry NOUN bracis-33662 296 70 , , PUNCT bracis-33662 296 71 a a DET bracis-33662 296 72 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33662 296 73 link link NOUN bracis-33662 296 74 is be AUX bracis-33662 296 75 not not PART bracis-33662 296 76 currently currently ADV bracis-33662 296 77 available available ADJ bracis-33662 296 78 for for ADP bracis-33662 296 79 this this DET bracis-33662 296 80 article article NOUN bracis-33662 296 81 . . PUNCT bracis-33662 297 1 copy copy VERB bracis-33662 297 2 shareable shareable ADJ bracis-33662 297 3 link link NOUN bracis-33662 297 4 to to PART bracis-33662 297 5 clipboard clipboard NOUN bracis-33662 297 6 provided provide VERB bracis-33662 297 7 by by ADP bracis-33662 297 8 the the DET bracis-33662 297 9 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 297 10 nature nature PROPN bracis-33662 297 11 sharedit sharedit PROPN bracis-33662 297 12 content content NOUN bracis-33662 297 13 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 297 14 sharing share VERB bracis-33662 297 15 initiative initiative NOUN bracis-33662 297 16 keywords keyword NOUN bracis-33662 297 17 time time NOUN bracis-33662 297 18 series series PROPN bracis-33662 297 19 self self NOUN bracis-33662 297 20 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 297 21 supervised supervise VERB bracis-33662 297 22 learning learn VERB bracis-33662 297 23 ecg ecg PROPN bracis-33662 297 24 classification classification NOUN bracis-33662 297 25 transfer transfer NOUN bracis-33662 297 26 learning learning NOUN bracis-33662 297 27 publish publish NOUN bracis-33662 297 28 with with ADP bracis-33662 297 29 us us PROPN bracis-33662 297 30 policies policy NOUN bracis-33662 297 31 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 297 32 ethics ethic NOUN bracis-33662 297 33 profiles profile NOUN bracis-33662 297 34 rafael rafael PROPN bracis-33662 297 35 da da PROPN bracis-33662 297 36 costa costa PROPN bracis-33662 297 37 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 297 38 view view PROPN bracis-33662 297 39 author author NOUN bracis-33662 297 40 profile profile PROPN bracis-33662 297 41 diego diego PROPN bracis-33662 297 42 furtado furtado PROPN bracis-33662 297 43 silva silva PROPN bracis-33662 297 44 view view PROPN bracis-33662 297 45 author author NOUN bracis-33662 297 46 profile profile NOUN bracis-33662 297 47 search search NOUN bracis-33662 297 48 search search NOUN bracis-33662 297 49 by by ADP bracis-33662 297 50 keyword keyword NOUN bracis-33662 297 51 or or CCONJ bracis-33662 297 52 author author NOUN bracis-33662 297 53 search search NOUN bracis-33662 297 54 navigation navigation NOUN bracis-33662 297 55 find find VERB bracis-33662 297 56 a a DET bracis-33662 297 57 journal journal NOUN bracis-33662 297 58 publish publish VERB bracis-33662 297 59 with with ADP bracis-33662 297 60 us we PRON bracis-33662 297 61 track track VERB bracis-33662 297 62 your your PRON bracis-33662 297 63 research research NOUN bracis-33662 297 64 discover discover VERB bracis-33662 297 65 content content NOUN bracis-33662 297 66 journals journal NOUN bracis-33662 297 67 a a DET bracis-33662 297 68 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 297 69 z z NOUN bracis-33662 297 70 books book NOUN bracis-33662 297 71 a a DET bracis-33662 297 72 - - PUNCT bracis-33662 297 73 z z NOUN bracis-33662 297 74 publish publish NOUN bracis-33662 297 75 with with ADP bracis-33662 297 76 us us PROPN bracis-33662 297 77 journal journal PROPN bracis-33662 297 78 finder finder PROPN bracis-33662 297 79 publish publish VERB bracis-33662 297 80 your your PRON bracis-33662 297 81 research research NOUN bracis-33662 297 82 language language NOUN bracis-33662 297 83 editing edit VERB bracis-33662 297 84 open open ADJ bracis-33662 297 85 access access NOUN bracis-33662 297 86 publishing publishing NOUN bracis-33662 297 87 products product NOUN bracis-33662 297 88 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 297 89 services service NOUN bracis-33662 297 90 our our PRON bracis-33662 297 91 products product NOUN bracis-33662 297 92 librarians librarian VERB bracis-33662 297 93 societies society NOUN bracis-33662 297 94 partners partner NOUN bracis-33662 297 95 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 297 96 advertisers advertiser NOUN bracis-33662 297 97 our our PRON bracis-33662 297 98 brands brand NOUN bracis-33662 297 99 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 297 100 nature nature PROPN bracis-33662 297 101 portfolio portfolio PROPN bracis-33662 297 102 bmc bmc PROPN bracis-33662 297 103 palgrave palgrave PROPN bracis-33662 297 104 macmillan macmillan PROPN bracis-33662 297 105 apress apress PROPN bracis-33662 297 106 discover discover VERB bracis-33662 297 107 your your PRON bracis-33662 297 108 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33662 297 109 choices choice NOUN bracis-33662 297 110 / / SYM bracis-33662 297 111 manage manage NOUN bracis-33662 297 112 cookies cookie NOUN bracis-33662 297 113 your your PRON bracis-33662 297 114 us us PROPN bracis-33662 298 1 state state NOUN bracis-33662 298 2 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33662 298 3 rights right NOUN bracis-33662 298 4 accessibility accessibility NOUN bracis-33662 298 5 statement statement NOUN bracis-33662 298 6 terms term NOUN bracis-33662 298 7 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 298 8 conditions condition NOUN bracis-33662 298 9 privacy privacy NOUN bracis-33662 298 10 policy policy NOUN bracis-33662 298 11 help help NOUN bracis-33662 298 12 and and CCONJ bracis-33662 298 13 support support VERB bracis-33662 298 14 legal legal ADJ bracis-33662 298 15 notice notice NOUN bracis-33662 298 16 cancel cancel VERB bracis-33662 298 17 contracts contract NOUN bracis-33662 298 18 here here ADV bracis-33662 298 19 129.74.145.123 129.74.145.123 NUM bracis-33662 298 20 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33662 298 21 library library PROPN bracis-33662 298 22 er er INTJ bracis-33662 298 23 unit unit NOUN bracis-33662 298 24 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 298 25 3005732405 3005732405 NUM bracis-33662 298 26 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 298 27 northeast northeast ADJ bracis-33662 298 28 research research NOUN bracis-33662 298 29 libraries library NOUN bracis-33662 298 30 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 298 31 nerl nerl PROPN bracis-33662 298 32 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 298 33 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 298 34 8200828607 8200828607 NUM bracis-33662 298 35 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 298 36 nerl nerl VERB bracis-33662 298 37 ta ta X bracis-33662 298 38 account account NOUN bracis-33662 298 39 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 298 40 3006206169 3006206169 NUM bracis-33662 298 41 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 298 42 university university NOUN bracis-33662 298 43 of of ADP bracis-33662 298 44 notre notre PROPN bracis-33662 298 45 dame dame PROPN bracis-33662 298 46 hesburgh hesburgh PROPN bracis-33662 298 47 library library NOUN bracis-33662 298 48 ( ( PUNCT bracis-33662 298 49 3000184373 3000184373 NUM bracis-33662 298 50 ) ) PUNCT bracis-33662 299 1 © © ADP bracis-33662 299 2 2025 2025 NUM bracis-33662 299 3 springer springer NOUN bracis-33662 299 4 nature nature NOUN